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HIV-infected patients are at risk for vaccine-preventable infections. The Brazilian National Immunization Program provided recommendations for this population. However, the vaccine coverage reached by this program is unknown. This study aimed at evaluating the vaccine coverage of HIV-infected adults followed at Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine. Data were collected on age, gender, mode of HIV transmission, Centers for Disease Classification 1993 classification (CDC/93), antiretrovirals, CD4 count, HIV viral load, and immunization charts, from April 2003 to August 2004. We interviewed 144 randomly selected patients, 74% male; mean age, 39.95 years; CDC classification: A, 40.6%; B, 19.6%; and C, 39.9%. Most of patients were undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART; 86.8%). Mean CD4 count 442.6 cells/mm3. Viral load less than 400 copies per milliliter in 59.4% of patients. Only 36.1% of patients were adequately immunized for diphtheria/tetanus, 54.9% for pneumococcus, 24.3% for flu, and 76.9% for hepatitis B. In relation to live attenuated vaccines, 5 patients received measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine and 7 patients yellow fever vaccine. Two patients were vaccinated against yellow fever despite CD4 less than 200 cell/mm3. We verified poor vaccine coverage in HIV-infected patients. Vaccination campaigns and incorporation of vaccine rooms in sexually transmitted disease (STD)/AIDS clinics could improve this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lippia alba (Miller) N.E. Brown is an aromatic herb that occurs in practically all regions of Brazil and has a large importance in Brazilian folk medicine. This species is characterized by a variability in morphology and in the chemical composition of the essential oil. The present work focused on the ethnopharmacological investigation of Lippia alba, locally known as 'erva-cidreira' and Lippia alba f. intermedia, known as 'carmelitana'. In addition, the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of their essential oils was investigated in order to correlate to their traditional uses. The ethnopharmacological study showed a good agreement of the major use (MUA) of Lippia alba (MUA=92.0%) and to a lesser extent, for Lippia alba f. intermedia (MUA=66.7%), as sedatives. The analyses of the essential oils allowed the identification of Lippia alba as a myrcene-citral chemotype (15% and 37.1%, respectively) and Lippia alba f. intermedia as a citral chemotype (22.1%). The essential oils of both species were active against all microorganisms assayed (bacteria and fungi) by the drop test, with inhibition halos ranging from 1.1 to 5.0cm, probably due to the high content of oxygenated monoterpenes (51.0% and 40.1%, respectively), specially represented by aldehydes and alcohols. The chemical and pharmacological data of Lippia alba are in agreement with the ethnobotanical survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to evaluate the synergistic effect of ozonization and α-amylase on modifying the microstructure and paste properties of starch, using 0.00042 g of ozone/100 g of buffer for various durations. Enzymatic susceptibility was increased, achieving maximum values of 12.73 % with an 11.42 % increase in crystallinity and an average particle size of 10.12 μm for 90 min treated japonica rice starch (JR90). The granules exhibited a polyhedral shape and, with increased intensity of combined treatments, formed clusters and lost their original geometry. Apparent viscosity, rheological, and textural parameters were reduced due to the more efficient action of α-amylase on ozonized starch, as confirmed by the low gelatinization enthalpy value (7.61 J/g). Ozone proved effective in opening starch chains, partially gelatinizing granules, homogenizing the enzymatic medium, and increasing the hydrolysis rate of α-amylase in japonica rice starch., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Leishmaniasis are zoonosis widely spread in Brazil, caused by the protozoan of the genus Leishmania, which includes several species. The disease manifests itself in the visceral or tegumentary form, and the main reservoir is the dogs. Manaus is the largest city in the Brazilian Amazon region, and despite the importance of the municipality, practically nothing is known about leishmaniosis in humans and animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and risk factors associated with the presence of Leishmania infantum in domiciliated dogs from Manaus. Molecular (polymerase chain reaction) and serological (immunofluorescent antibody test) methods were used as an indication of the circulation of the parasite. Blood samples for 154 domiciled dogs were obtained, and prevalence ratio and analysis of the variables were performed. Serum antibodies anti-Leishmania spp. were detected in 20.8% (95% CI: 14.4%-27.2%). Access to the street and zone of residence (P < 0.01) were associated with higher seropositivity. Molecular diagnosis for L. infantum detected positivity in 60 (39%) of the 154 (95% CI: 31.3%-46.7%) animals, and the variables street access, contact with dogs, and zone of residence were associated with higher frequencies of positivity (P < 0.05). Both serology and molecular diagnosis detected positive dogs in the municipality. This is the first description of the circulation of L. infantum infecting dogs in Manaus. As the municipality is classified as nonendemic, studies of isolation and characterization of the isolate must be done urgently., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Orofacial pain affects 10-15% of adults and can severely impact quality of life. Despite ongoing treatment challenges, monoterpene alpha-phellandrene (PHE) shows potential therapeutic benefits. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an inclusion complex of PHE with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (PHE-HPβCD) for treating orofacial pain. The PHE-HPβCD complex was created using physical mixing and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to determine encapsulation efficiency. The complex exhibited a 70.45% encapsulation efficiency. Male Swiss mice were used in models of orofacial pain induced by formalin, cinnamaldehyde, glutamate, and corneal nociception by hypertonic saline. Additionally, cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-1β) were measured in the upper lip tissue of mice subjected to the formalin model. Both PHE and PHE-HPβCD showed significant antinociceptive effects at a 50 mg/kg dose during formalin-induced pain, reducing both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of pain. PHE-HPβCD also reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels. For cinnamaldehyde and glutamate-induced nociception, both treatments reduced pain behavior, but only PHE-HPβCD decreased eye wipes in corneal nociception. These results suggest that PHE, especially in complexed form, alleviates orofacial pain by potentially modulating pain-related receptors (TRPA1 and TRPV1), mediators, like glutamate, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further research is needed to explore the precise mechanisms of PHE in chronic orofacial pain models, but the study indicates promising avenues for new pain treatments., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Leptospira spp. infection is a worldwide zoonosis that causes economic losses to goat rearing, mainly due to reproductive disorders. Hence, the objective of this research was to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of leptospirosis in a goat milk-producing region in the states of Paraiba and Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. The microscopic agglutination test was used as serological method and risk factor analysis was carried out using univariable and multivariable analyses. Out of the 937 animals sampled, 102 (10.9 %; 95 % CI = 8.9-12.9 %) were seropositive for Leptospira spp. and the most frequent serogroups were Ballum (41.2 %; 95 % CI = 31.6-50.7 %), Icterohaemorrhagiae (25.5 %, 95 % CI = 17-33.9 %) and Semaranga (23.5 %, 95 % CI = 15.3-31.8 %), with antibody titres ranging from 1:50 to 1:200. Thirty-four of 51 herds (66.7 %; 95 % CI = 53.7-79.6 %) had at least one seropositive animal. The risk factor identified in the multivariable two-level random effect binary logistic regression was the animal being an adult (odds ratio = 4.2; 95 % CI = 1.93-9.13; P < 0.001). Our results provide important information on the epidemiology and risk factors associated with goat leptospirosis seroprevalence in one of the main Brazilian goat milk-producing regions. Furthermore, the need for adopting sanitary control measures, especially those involving sanitary management practices, is highlighted., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Fusarioid fungi, particularly Neocosmospora solani and Fusarium oxysporum, are emerging as significant human pathogens, causing infections ranging from localized mycoses to life-threatening systemic diseases. Accurate identification and preservation of these fungi in clinical laboratories remain challenging because of their diverse morphologies and specific growth requirements. This study evaluated a novel milk-honey and malt agar (MHM) against conventional media for cultivating and preserving 60 clinical fusarioid isolates, including Neocosmospora spp. (n = 47), Bisifusarium spp. (n = 5), and Fusarium spp. (n = 8). Compared with Sabouraud dextrose 2 % agar (SDA) and malt extract agar (ME2), MHM significantly increased conidia production (p < 0.0001, mean = 3.4 × 10 3 , standard deviation (SD) = ±1.3 × 10 3 ), with results similar to those of carnation leaf agar (CLA). MHM facilitated superior preservation of fusarioid viability for up to one year at room temperature on slant cultures and over two years on swabs in Amies gel with charcoal, outperforming current methods such as Castellani (water) or cryopreservation. Morphological characterization of fusarioid fungi grown on MHM revealed distinct growth patterns and conidial structures for Neocosmospora, Bisifusarium, and Fusarium species, aiding in identifying these genera. The superior performance of MHM in stimulating conidiation, maintaining viability, and preserving morphology underscore its potential as a reference medium for medically relevant fusarioid fungi, with broad implications for clinical mycology laboratories and resource-limited settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Nature-based solutions (NbSs) are recognised as relevant to spatial planning in addressing societal challenges, although their uptake is limited and fragmented to some case studies, and difficulties emerge from their implementation and operationalisation. The research developed a literature review to investigate how NbS has been considered for its implementation and operationalisation in spatial planning and how NbS has been included across different policy instruments and used to address climate change adaptation (CCA). The results highlighted: Firstly, the review contributed to bridge the gap in NbS implementation and operationalisation by proposing a novel three-dimensional categorisation system to guide the selection of suitable NbS principles to address societal challenges; secondly, this study still revealed gaps in some policy areas, despite the effort to extensively apply NbS across diverse policy instruments to CCA. Overall, the review further emphasises the need for future research focused on monitoring and evaluating NbS's effectiveness to CCA., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Sporotrichosis is a chronic infectious mycosis caused by traumatic implantation of Sporothrix spp., which poses a significant challenge to public health because of its zoonotic nature. It affects humans and other animals, particularly cats. This study investigated epidemiological trends and spatial distribution of feline sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo between 2017 and 2022., Methods: This study collected diagnostic data on sporotrichosis from the Veterinary Pathology Laboratory and Center for Infectious Diseases in Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2022. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA and spatial analyses were performed using ArcGIS software to create maps and identify hotspots. Kernel density estimation and directional mean statistics were applied to visualise the disease concentration and transmission trends., Results: The results showed a significant increase in feline sporotrichosis cases in Espírito Santo from 2017 to 2022, with hotspots identified in urban and densely populated areas. Anchieta, Aracruz and Vila Velha reported the highest numbers of cases. Spatial analysis indicated a spread towards the central and northern coastal regions., Conclusion: This study highlights the growing threat of feline sporotrichosis in Espírito Santo, Brazil, particularly in densely populated urban areas. This underscores the urgent need for comprehensive public health strategies that address urbanisation, human-animal interactions and managing stray cat populations. Effective control measures and enhanced surveillance are crucial to mitigate the spread of this zoonotic disease. Importantly, this study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of sporotrichosis in Brazil and offers a framework for other regions identified as emerging hotspots that face similar challenges., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli is a global health challenge from a One Health perspective. However, data on its emergence in the Caatinga biome are limited. This biome is exclusive to the Brazilian Northeast and offers unique epidemiological conditions that can influence the occurrence of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance. In this study, the carriage proportion, antimicrobial susceptibility, and population structure of cephalosporin-resistant E. coli were assessed in 300 cloacal swab samples of free-range chickens from three Brazilian states covered by the Caatinga biome. The results showed that 44 (14.7%) samples were positive for cephalosporin-resistant E. coli, and Paraíba state had the highest frequency of isolates (68.2%). Genes encoding cephotaximase-Munich or ampicillin class C (AmpC) enzymes were identified in 30 (68.2%) and 8 (18.2%) isolates, respectively, comprising 31 E. coli isolates. Overall, molecular typing by genome restriction using XbaI endonuclease followed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed four clusters from two properties of Paraíba state composed by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and AmpC-producing E. coli carrying bla CTX-M-1-like and bla MIR-1/ACT-1 genes and belonging to different phylogenetic groups. There is a need to control antimicrobial resistance while taking into account the genetic diversity of the strains and their implications for animal and public health, especially in free-range chickens reared in the Brazilian Caatinga biome., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retrovirus of the Lentivirus genus, distributed worldwide, that causes persistent infection with a significant impact on the cats' health. Due to the importance of this infection in feline medicine, this pioneering study aimed to obtain an integrated estimate of the global seroprevalence of FIV in cats and to characterize the factors associated with this infection. Four electronic databases were screened for observational studies with FIV seroprevalence in cats published globally for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The initial search method returned 873 studies, of which 113 met all predefined criteria and were therefore included in this review. Meta-analysis with general data was performed, and a combined global seropositivity of 9.43 % (95 % CI: 8.24 % - 10.78 %) was found. Seropositivity was 14.34 % (95 % CI = 10.92 % - 18.61 %) in Asia, 11.90 % (95 % CI = 9.82 % - 14.34 %) in Oceania, 10.90 % (95 % CI = 5.71 % - 19.82 %) in Central America, 9.43 % (95 % CI = 6.95 % - 12.66 %) in South America, 9 % (95 % CI = 0 - 80 %) in Africa, 8.98 % (95 % CI = 7.31 % - 10.98 %) in Europe, and 5.93 % (95 % CI = 4.33 % - 8.07 %) in North America. Meta-analysis of factors associated with seropositivity demonstrated that FIV seroprevalence was higher in male (Prevalence ratio [PR] = 2.53, 95 % CI = 2.16 - 2.95), adult (PR = 2.83, 95 % CI = 2.24 - 3.56), unowned status (PR = 1.47, 95 % CI = 1.07 - 2.03), sick status (PR = 2.46, 95 % CI = 1.97 - 3.06), and cats with outdoor access (PR = 4.38, 95 % CI = 2.26 - 8.47). The results demonstrated that FIV is globally distributed and has a high seroprevalence in some geographical areas. Information compiled from this research is relevant to understanding the worldwide epidemiology of FIV. It presents the potential to contribute to the planning of strategies focused on controlling and reducing cases in cat populations., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Wheelchair racing is a traditional modality of Paralympic athletics. In general, racing wheelchairs are customized according to the athletes' anthropometric conditions, based on pre-established dimensions according to the manufacturer's manual. Usually, athletes choose the dimensions for their new sports wheelchairs, and when they are delivered for use, they often have problems due to incorrect body adjustments., Purpose: To develop a new customization methodology that is made possible through a new multi-adjustable racing wheelchair prescription equipment (RWPE) for athletics. This equipment performs several measurements and adjustments according to the athlete's anthropometric characteristics, evaluating the best-fit athlete to obtain better performance in the personalized wheelchair., Materials and Methods: Customizing racing wheelchairs is based on anthropometric measurements of the individual and specific ergonomic adjustments for better performance and safety. The RWPE is a multi-adjustment device composed of modules that use measuring instruments to guarantee maximum precision and accuracy of the assessments. This project's innovation is associated with the multi-regulation equipment itself and a conventional process of manufacturing a racing wheelchair through an online form. The RWPE has a robust and rigid structure for conducting race-track experimental tests., Results and Conclusions: The experimental tests allowed the equipment to be validated regarding safety, comfort, and prescription methodology. A high-performance athlete validated the equipment and prescription methodology, and as a result, a new version of a parameterized wheelchair was also developed using the prescription methodology. A comparison between prescription tests showed better athlete performance regarding estimated average power, considering dimensions optimized through RWPE.

This study examined the seropositivity of T. gondii and coinfections with other TORCH pathogens among pregnant women attending 17 Basic Health Units (UBS) in Araçatuba, SP, Brazil. Of the 711 pregnant women seen at these UBS, only 297 were tested for T. gondii . Of the women tested for T. gondii ( n = 297), 26.9% had IgG antibodies, 6.7% had IgM, and 32.0% tested positive for either or both. Only 1.4% showed both IgG and IgM antibodies, while 67.7% were non-reactive. The seropositivity was 17.1% for syphilis, 63.2% for rubella, 0.9% for hepatitis C, 0.9% for dengue, 17.9% for COVID-19, and 0.9% for herpes simplex (types 1/2). Coinfections with syphilis, rubella, and herpes simplex were also noted. Higher education levels appeared to protect against T. gondii seropositivity. The findings highlight a significant prevalence of T. gondii among pregnant women, with variation across UBSs, pointing to socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental factors as influential. We also observed co-occurrence with other infections, such as syphilis, rubella, and herpes simplex. The study underscores the need for targeted public health interventions to reduce the risks of congenital infections.

Aim: To evaluate the repercussions of periodontitis and diabetes association on rat pregnancy and newborns., Methods: Diabetes was induced in female Wistar rats 24 h after birth through the administration of Streptozotocin. The diabetic condition of the rats was further confirmed in adulthood. After mating, the pregnant rats were distributed into four experimental groups (n = 12 rats/group): nondiabetic and diabetic with and without periodontitis. Periodontitis was induced by a ligature inserted into the first molar on day 0 of pregnancy. Body weight, water and feed consumption were evaluated weekly, and an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on day 17 of pregnancy. On day 21 of pregnancy, the animals were anesthetized and killed for organ removal. The hemimandibles were collected to analyze alveolar bone loss. Immunological and biochemical parameters were evaluated in the maternal blood samples, and reproductive performance was analyzed. The newborns were weighed, and anomalies evaluated., Results: The group with diabetes and periodontitis had a greater degree of alveolar bone loss, along with higher relative pancreatic weight, blood glucose levels, triglyceride and inflammatory cytokine levels, hepatic transaminase activity, and embryonic losses. In addition, these newborns had increased body weight, placental weight, a greater number of ossification centers, and a higher rate of visceral and skeletal anomalies., Conclusion: The combination of maternal diabetes and periodontitis negatively impacts maternal parameters and fetal development. The findings reinforce the importance of maintaining maternal oral health to ensure the general health of the offspring, especially in cases where diabetes is present., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether the response to adding metformin to insulin in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) differs according to weight phenotype and insulin sensitivity index., Methods: A prospective pilot study was conducted over 26 weeks in which insulin plus metformin (2 g/day) was administered to 35 individuals, ranging from normal weight (NW) to overweight (OW) to obese (OB) T1D individuals, to correlate insulin sensitivity indices and other clinical variables., Results: At the end of the follow-up period, all groups showed an increase in the eGDR (NW: 7.37 vs 8.16, p = 0.002; OW: 7.28 vs 8.24, p < 0.001; OB: 6.33 vs 7.52 p < 0.001). K ITT and SEARCH SCORE improved only in the OB group (2.15 vs 3.14, p < 0.001 and 5.26 vs 5.72, p = 0.007, respectively). Furthermore, HbA1c and BMI were significantly greater in the OB group (- 0.62%, p < 0.001; - 1.12 kg/m 2 , p = 0.031, respectively). Regression analysis revealed that the serum levels of triglycerides and uric acid were significantly (0.059, p = 0.013; 0.076, p = 0.001) associated with insulin sensitivity indices., Conclusions: The study showed that eGDR improved independently of basal weight after metformin treatment. However, the K ITT and SEARCH indices improved only in the obese group. Triglycerides and uric acid are associated with insulin sensitivity indices. These results highlight the heterogeneity of the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and its response to metformin in individuals with T1D., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objective: This study aims to analyze the prevalence of Candida spp. colonization in oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus lesions, verify the influence of systemic and local factors, besides identify and determine the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida species., Materials and Methods: Samples were collected by swabbing from oral lesions and healthy mucosa and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose and CHROMagar® Candida plates. Species identification was confirmed with MALDI-TOF MS analysis., Results: Candida spp. was found in 36.8% of cases of oral leukoplakia and 18.2% of cases of oral lichen planus. Candida albicans was the only species found in oral lichen planus lesions (n = 2, 100%) and the most prevalent in oral leukoplakia (n = 5, 76.4%). Among the non-albicans Candida species found in oral leukoplakia were C. parapsilosis (n = 2, 25.5%) and C. tropicalis (n = 1, 14.1%). Candida isolates were susceptible to all antifungals tested., Conclusion: C. albicans was the most commonly found species in the studied lesions. No correlation was found between systemic and local factors with positive cases of oral lichen planus. However, smoking and alcohol consumption may be associated with positive cases of oral leukoplakia, especially the non-homogeneous clinical form. In addition, there is a possible predisposition to associated Candida colonization in cases of epithelial dysplasia found in oral leukoplakia. The antifungal medications tested showed excellent efficacy against isolates., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.)

The Caatinga biome occurs only in Brazil and offers epidemiological conditions that should be assessed differently from other regions of Brazil and the world. Thus, the aim of this survey was to identify antimicrobial resistance, enterotoxin and biofilm production genes in Staphylococcus spp. isolated from facilities and fomites in a veterinary hospital in Caatinga biome. Samples were collected from surfaces of small animal clinical care tables (n =8), cages in the dog and cat hospitalisation sector and animals with infectious diseases (n = 21), small animal surgical centre (n =8), sterilisation sector (n =7) and stethoscopes (n = 32) by using sterile swabs. Bacterial isolation and identification, antimicrobial resistance phenotypic test and molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation and enterotoxin genes were carried out. Ninety-five bacterial isolates were obtained, and 29 (30.5%) were identified as Staphylococcus spp. Overall, 13 isolates (44.8%) of six species of Staphylococcus spp. showed antimicrobial resistance profile, as well as S. haemolyticus expressed phenotypic profile of multidrug resistance. The antimicrobials with the highest resistance rates were penicillin and tetracycline. The most frequent resistance genes were blaZ and tetM, both detected in 10 (76.9%) isolates. The mecA, tetL and tetK genes had frequencies of 38.5% (5/13), 23.1% (3/13) and 15.4% (2/13), respectively. The biofilm production marker, icaD gene, was detected in one S. sciuri strain. SEE gene, which encodes enterotoxins, was detected in 15.4% (2/13) of the strains (S. pseudintermedius and S. intermedius). The occurrence of Staphylococcus spp. carrying resistance genes to diferent classes of antimicrobials, presenting MDR phenotypic pattern and carrying enterotoxins and biofim encoding genes recovered from veterinary hospital facilities and fomites in the Caatinga biome reinforce the need to implement prevention cares in veterinary practices to avoid One Health-concerning conditions., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.)

Increased energy intake from carbohydrates has been associated with major cardiovascular outcomes. Mice fed a highly-refined carbohydrate (HC) diet develop cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation. During cardiac injury, NLRP3 inflammasome is activated which results in a local inflammatory response. In this study, we hypothesized that a nom-hypoglycemic dose of glibenclamide may reverses sugar diet-induced cardiac damage by NRLP3 inflammasome inhibition. Mice were fed the HC diet for eight weeks and divided into a group treated with glibenclamide (20 mg/kg, gavage) and another with vehicle for four weeks. Afterward, hearts were excised for morphometric analysis and ex vivo function determination. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was investigated by western blotting and in situ fluorescent detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and active caspase-1. The HC diet promotes heart hypertrophy and collagen deposition, which were reverted by glibenclamide without ameliorating HC diet-induced insulin resistance. Changes in cardiac performance were observed in vivo by invasive catheterization and in Langendorff-perfused hearts due to the HC diet, which were prevented by glibenclamide. Hearts from HC diet mice had increased levels of NLRP3 and cleaved IL-1β. Glibenclamide reversed ROS production and caspase-1 activity induced by HC diet. These findings suggest glibenclamide's cardioprotective effects on heart damage caused by the HC diet are related to its inhibitory action on the NLRP3 inflammasome., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Preservative ingredients in cosmetic formulations undertake a necessary role in the prevention of microbial contamination. In this field, there is an unmet need for natural, sustainable, and effective preservatives. Thus, the main goal of this work was to evaluate a sugarcane straw extract-based ingredient and investigate its potential as a preservative for cosmetic applications. Different ingredients were developed using several cosmetic solvents to improve the solubility of the extracted compounds. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Candida albicans . The 1,2-hexanediol was the solvent that allowed us to achieve the ingredient (20% dry extract dispersed in 25% 1,2-hexanediol in water) with the best antimicrobial performance, showing a minimum inhibitory concentration of between 5% and 3% ( I ). The 5% ( w / v ) concentration of this ingredient complied with the USP51 standards for cosmetic preservatives. Real-time (25 °C, 65% RH) and accelerated stability (40 °C, 75% RH) tests were conducted to determine the ingredient stability, and it was found that one month of storage time at room temperature would be ideal for better ingredient stability and performance in terms of composition, pH, color, and antioxidant activity.

Aim: To examine the incorporation of wearable electronic devices in the education of undergraduate nursing students., Background: The advancement of technology has influenced nursing education and will continue to do so in the future. Wearable technologies are electronic devices that can be worn as an accessory and expand the possibilities in nursing education with increased engagement in the learning process., Design: A scoping review was conducted following JBI and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines., Methods: The search was performed on August 25th, 2023, in the databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, ISI Web of Science, ERIC, EBSCOhost CINAHL, EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost Health Source Nursing, EMBASE, Scopus, BVShost LILACS and ProQuest. Literature that examined the application of wearable electronic devices in the education of undergraduate nursing students was included., Results: This scoping review study included a total of 21 records published between 2014 and 2023. The analysis showed that smart glasses are the most common wearable electronic device used in nursing education, followed by smartwatches. The devices provide an opportunity for competencies development, especially when applied in the simulation environment, such as physical examination and medication administration. Wearable technologies are potentially useful and feasible as learning tools in nursing education, increasing nursing students' motivation, confidence and satisfaction., Conclusions: In the technological revolution, educators must consider the potential of innovative teaching strategies, such as wearable electronic devices, to advance nursing education. Wearables can contribute to developing competencies required for the professionalism of undergraduate nursing students., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Psychological stress is a major contributing factor to several health problems (e.g., depression, cardiovascular disease). Around 35 % of the world's population suffers from it, including younger generations. Physiologically, stress manifests through neuroendocrine pathways (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary (SAM) system) which culminate in the production of stress mediators like cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Stress and its mediators have been associated to body aging, through molecular mechanisms such as telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis, among others. Regarding its impact in the skin, stress impacts its structural integrity and physiological function. Despite this review focusing on several hallmarks of aging, emphasis was placed on skin microbiota dysbiosis. In this line, several studies, comprising different age groups, demographic contexts and body sites, have reported skin microbiota alterations associated with aging, and some effects of stress mediators on skin microbiota have also been reviewed in this paper. From a different perspective, since it is not a "traditional" stress mediator, oxytocin, a cortisol antagonist, has been related to glucorticoids inhibition and to display positive effects on cellular aging. This hormone dysregulation has been associated to psychological issues such as depression, whereas its upregulation has been linked to positive social interaction., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Present and future climatic trends are expected to markedly alter water fluxes and stores in the hydrologic cycle. In addition, water demand continues to grow due to increased human use and a growing population. Sustainably managing water resources requires a thorough understanding of water storage and flow in natural, agricultural, and urban ecosystems. Measurements of stable isotopes of water (hydrogen and oxygen) in the water cycle (atmosphere, soils, plants, surface water, and groundwater) can provide information on the transport pathways, sourcing, dynamics, ages, and storage pools of water that is difficult to obtain with other techniques. However, the potential of these techniques for practical questions has not been fully exploited yet. Here, we outline the benefits and limitations of potential applications of stable isotope methods useful to water managers, farmers, and other stakeholders. We also describe several case studies demonstrating how stable isotopes of water can support water management decision-making. Finally, we propose a workflow that guides users through a sequence of decisions required to apply stable isotope methods to examples of water management issues. We call for ongoing dialogue and a stronger connection between water management stakeholders and water stable isotope practitioners to identify the most pressing issues and develop best-practice guidelines to apply these techniques., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Background: The interplay between root-knot nematode (RKN) parasitism and the complex web of host-associated microbiota has been recognized as pivotal for effective management of the pest. However, studies assessing this relationship have focussed on the bacterial and fungal communities, neglecting the unicellular eukaryotic members. Here, we employed amplicon sequencing analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA, fungal ITS and eukaryotic 18S rRNA genes, and comprehensively examined how the microbiome composition, diversity and networking developed with time in the rhizospheres and roots of RKN-inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants., Results: As expected, infection with the RKN Meloidogyne incognita decreased plant growth. At individual timepoints, we found distinct bacterial, fungal and eukaryote community structures in the RKN-inoculated and non-inoculated rhizospheres and roots, and RKN inoculation affected several taxa in the root-associated microbiome differentially. Correlation analysis revealed several bacterial and fungal and few protist taxa that correlated negatively or positively with M. incognita. Moreover, network analysis using bacterial, fungal and eukaryotic data revealed more dynamic networks with higher robustness to disturbances in the RKN-inoculated than in the non-inoculated rhizospheres/roots. Hub taxa displayed a noticeable successional pattern that coincided with different phases of M. incognita parasitism. We found that fungal hubs had strong negative correlations with bacteria and eukaryotes, while positive correlations characterized hub members within individual kingdoms., Conclusion: Our results reveal dynamic tomato-associated microbiomes that develop along different trajectories in plants suffering M. incognita infestation and non-infested plants. Overall, the results identify stronger associations between RKN and bacterial and fungal taxa than between eukaryotic taxa and RKN, suggesting that fungal and bacterial communities could play a larger role in the regulation of RKN. The study identifies several putative RKN-antagonistic bacterial and fungal taxa and confirms the antagonistic potential previously identified in other taxa., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Air pollution from diesel combustion is linked in part to the generation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP). DEP exposure induces various processes, including inflammation and oxidative stress, which ultimately contribute to a decline in lung function. Cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling is critical for lung homeostasis. The impact of DEP on cAMP signaling is largely unknown. Methods: We exposed human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells to DEP for 24-72 h and evaluated mitochondrial bioenergetics, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation and the components of cAMP signaling. Mitochondrial bioenergetics was measured at 72 h to capture the potential and accumulative effects of prolonged DEP exposure on mitochondrial function. Results: DEP profoundly altered mitochondrial morphology and network integrity, reduced both basal and ATP-linked respiration as well as the glycolytic capacity of mitochondria. DEP exposure increased gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammation markers such as interleukin-8 and interleukin-6. DEP significantly affected mRNA levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-1 and -2 (Epac1, Epac2), appeared to increase Epac1 protein, but left phospho-PKA levels unhanged. DEP exposure increased A-kinase anchoring protein 1, β 2 -adrenoceptor and prostanoid E receptor subtype 4 mRNA levels. Interestingly, DEP decreased mRNA levels of adenylyl cyclase 9 and reduced cAMP levels stimulated by forskolin (AC activator), fenoterol (β 2 -AR agonist) or PGE2 (EPR agonist). Discussion: Our findings suggest that DEP induces mitochondrial dysfunction, a process accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammation, and broadly dampens cAMP signaling. These epithelial responses may contribute to lung dysfunction induced by air pollution exposure., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cattani-Cavalieri, Trombetta-Lima, Yan, Manzano-Covarrubias, Baarsma, Oun, van der Veen, Oosterhout, Dolga, Ostrom, Valenca and Schmidt.)

This essay elucidates the Healthcare and Intersectionality notions to prompt reflections on the interaction between healthcare professionals and individuals referred to as Nanás: elderly, poor, and Black women who represent a historically marginalized profile throughout Brazilian history. By delving into the arguments about the concept of Intersectionality and the multifaceted Care dimensions, it becomes apparent that there is a pressing need to broaden the perspective on women who access healthcare services, as they are inherently shaped by their life experiences. Moreover, it is imperative to acknowledge how the intersecting factors inherent in their profiles can influence the approach taken by those providing Care, which underscores the essentiality of an intersectional agency on the part of the agents involved in this encounter, namely the Nanás and healthcare workers, to effectively uphold the principles of comprehensiveness and equity within the Unified Health System (SUS).

The sacred ayahuasca brew, utilized by indigenous communities in the Amazon and syncretic religious groups in Brazil, primarily consists of a decoction of two plants: (i) the Amazonian liana known as Mariri or Jagube (Banisteriopsis caapi), and (ii) the shrub referred as Chacrona or Rainha (Psychotria viridis). While Chacrona leaves are rich in N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a potent psychedelic, the macerated vine of Mariri provides beta-carboline alkaloids acting as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, preventing DMT's degradation. This study sequenced, assembled, and analyzed the complete genome of B. caapi's mitochondrion, yielding a circular structure spanning 503,502 bp. Although the mtDNA encompasses most plant mitochondrial genes, it lacks some ribosomal genes, presents some atypical genes, and contains plastid pseudogenes, suggesting gene transfer between organelles. The presence of a 7-Kb repetitive segment containing copies of the rrnL and trnfM genes suggests mitogenome isomerization, supporting the hypothesis of dynamic mitogenome maintenance in plants. Phylogenetics and phylogenomics across 24 Malpighiales confirms the sample's placement in the "Tucunacá" ethnovariety, aligning with morphological identification. This study spearheads efforts to decode the genome of this esteemed Malpighiaceae.

Non-human primates (NHPs) are the group that most share infectious agents with humans due to their close taxonomic relationship. The southern brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) are endemic primates from Brazil and Argentina's Atlantic Forest. This study aimed to investigate the presence of intestinal parasites in free-living (FL) and captive (CA) southern brown howler monkeys. Thirty-nine stool samples were collected in two areas in southern Brazil, 15 FL and 24 CA. Stool sediments obtained by centrifugal sedimentation technique were used for microscopic analysis and direct immunofluorescence assay and evaluated by molecular analysis through amplification and sequencing of TPI fragments. Intestinal parasites Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and Trypanoxyuris minutus were detected at coproparasitological analysis. This is the first report of the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. in free-living howlers. The molecular characterization of G. duodenalis isolates indicated assemblage B for the first time found in free-living A. guariba clamitans. The high prevalence of G. duodenalis transmission in CA howler monkeys can be explained by direct contact with humans and frequent soil contact. The presence of a potentially zoonotic assemblage in these animals indicates that the process of fragmentation and cohabitation with humans and livestock affects the wildlife, thus indicating a need for eco-health measures., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Abstract: The term "ventricular storm (VS)" is defined as the occurrence of two or more separate episodes of ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation (VT/VF) or three or more appropriate discharges of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for VT/VF during a 24-h period. A patient in his early 40s was observed in the emergency department of our hospital and was admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit due to multiple episodes of VT. This led to the need for deep sedation with orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Intravenous lidocaine treatment was started; however, the patient had a recurrence of the episodes of VT. We decided to combine stellate ganglion block with epidural thoracic anesthesia. After the sympathetic block, there was no recurrence of the arrhythmic episodes. The patient was then transferred for ablation treatment. We demonstrated the efficacy of both techniques in managing a patient with multiple episodes of ventricular storm., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia.)

Fungal infections have emerged worldwide, and azole antifungals are widely used to control these infections. However, the emergence of antifungal resistance has been compromising the effectiveness of these drugs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and cytotoxic activities of the nine new 1,2,3 triazole compounds derived from thymol that were synthesized through Click chemistry. The binding mode prediction was carried out by docking studies using the crystallographic structure of Lanosterol 14α-demethylase G73E mutant from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The new compounds showed potent antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum but did not show relevant action against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. For T. rubrum, molecules nº 5 and 8 showed promising results, emphasizing nº 8, whose fungicidal and fungistatic effects were similar to fluconazole. In addition, molecule nº 8 showed low toxicity for keratinocytes and fibroblasts, concluding that this compound demonstrates promising characteristics for developing a new drug for dermatophytosis caused by T. rubrum, or serves as a structural basis for further research., (© 2024. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia.)

Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that affects domestic animals, wild animals, and humans. It represents a public health problem and has an important economic impact on livestock. This study aims to investigate the importance of genital and transplacental infection in the epidemiology of leptospirosis in cows maintained in Caatinga biome conditions, Northeastern Brazil, as well as reporting organs colonized by Leptospira spp. in embryos and fetuses. Blood, urinary tract (urine, bladder, and kidney), and reproductive tract (vaginal fluid, uterus, uterine tube, ovary, and placenta) samples were collected from 15 slaughtered pregnant cows. Two embryos and 13 fetuses were sampled. Central nervous system and choroid ovoid samples were collected from embryos. Blood, central nervous system, lung, peritoneal liquid, abomasal content, liver, spleen, urine, bladder, kidney, and reproductive system samples were collected from fetuses. Diagnostic methods included the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a collection of 24 serovars belonging to 17 different pathogenic serogroups of five species as antigens, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anti- Leptospira spp. antibodies were found in 9 cows (60%), while 13 cows (86.67%) had at least one organ or urine with leptospiral DNA. No fetus was seroreactive. Among the embryos and fetuses, 13 (86.67%) presented leptospiral DNA, proving a high frequency of transplacental infection (100%). For cows, the most frequent biological materials regarding Leptospira spp. DNA detection were placenta (13 out of 15 samples; 86.7%), uterus (10 out of 15 samples; 66.7%), and vaginal fluid (5 out of 15 samples; 33.3%), while, for fetuses/embryos, the most frequent PCR-positive samples were choroid ovoid (1/2; 50%), spleen (6/13; 46.2%), kidney (5/13; 38.5%), and central nervous system (5/15; 33.3%). Sequenced samples based on the LipL32 gene presented 99% similarity with L. borgpetersenii . The results indicate that transplacental infection is an efficient way of spreading Leptospira spp. in cows maintained in Caatinga biome conditions. Therefore, prevention and control strategies must include actions that interrupt transmission through this alternative route.

This review article covers the therapeutic potential of the plants Harpagophytum procumbens and Turnera subulata in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the recognition of their beneficial properties, there is notable shortage of specific clinical and in vitro studies on these species regarding neurodegenerative diseases. Compounds such as harpagosides and vite-xin-2-O-rhamnoside, found in Harpagophytum procumbens and Turnera subulata , respectively, as well as other antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, are associated with mechanisms of action that involve reducing oxidative stress and modulating the inflammatory response, indicating their therapeutic potential in these pathologies. Additionally, the use of nutraceuticals derived from medicinal plants has emerged as a promising approach, offering natural therapeutic alternatives. However, the pressing need for studies focusing on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and pharmacological interactions of these extracts for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is emphasized. This review also evaluated advances in nutraceutical delivery systems, highlighting technological innovations that can optimize the precise delivery of these compounds to patients. Such findings highlight the gaps in the study of these plants for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and, at the same time, the potential for opening new perspectives in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, providing expectations for innovative solutions in this critical domain of medicine.

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent agent of bacteraemia. This bacterium has a variety of virulence traits that allow the establishment and maintenance of infection. This study explored the virulence profile of S. aureus strains causing paediatric bacteraemia (SAB) in Manhiça district, Mozambique. We analysed 336 S. aureus strains isolated from blood cultures of children younger than 5 years admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital between 2001 and 2019, previously characterized for antibiotic susceptibility and clonality. The strains virulence potential was evaluated by PCR detection of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) encoding genes, lukS-PV/lukF-PV, assessment of the capacity for biofilm formation and pathogenicity assays in Galleria mellonella. The overall carriage of PVL-encoding genes was over 40%, although reaching ~ 70 to 100% in the last years (2014 to 2019), potentially linked to the emergence of CC152 lineage. Strong biofilm production was a frequent trait of CC152 strains. Representative CC152 and CC121 strains showed higher virulence potential in the G. mellonella model when compared to reference strains, with variations within and between CCs. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring the emergent CC152-MSSA-PVL + and other lineages, as they display important virulence traits that may negatively impact the management of SAB paediatric patients in Manhiça district, Mozambique., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are retroviruses of great importance for domestic cats with a worldwide distribution. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of the infection by FIV and FeLV in cats from the Brazilian semiarid region. Cats treated between 2011 and 2021 at the teaching veterinary hospital of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region that were submitted to a point-of-care (POC) test to detect anti-FIV IgG antibodies and FeLV antigen were enrolled in the study. Overall, 454 cats were selected, of which 30.2% [95% CI = 26.0% - 34.3%] were FIV-positive, 1.1% [95% CI = 0.9% - 1.2%] were FeLV-positive, and 0.7% [95% CI = 0.1% - 1.3%] were coinfected by both retroviruses. No statistical association was found between the studied retroviruses (P = 0.144). Multivariable analysis detected significant associations between FIV infection and male sex [OR = 5.7, 95% CI = 3.0-10.7, P < 0.0001), age between 19 and 78 months [OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 2.2-12.1, P < 0.0001], age greater than 78 months [OR = 12.8, 95% CI = 5.1-31.9, P < 0.0001], crossbreed [OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.2-13.4, P = 0.021], the presence of oral disease [OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.3-3.4, P = 0.004], reduced red blood cell (RBC) count [OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.9-7.2, P < 0.0001], and an albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio lower than 0.6 [OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.6-7.1, P = 0.001]. No statistical analyses were performed for FeLV infection due to the low number of positive animals. In the quantitative analyses of hematological parameters, FIV-positive cats presented lower values for RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes, and platelets compared to the negative animals. In the biochemical profile, cats infected with FIV showed higher creatinine, urea, total protein, and globulin values, while lower values for albumin and A:G ratio were observed (P < 0.05). The findings of this study characterized the prevalence, clinicopathological findings, and risk factors associated with FIV and FeLV in cats from the Brazilian semiarid region. They may help support veterinary practitioners in diagnosing feline retroviruses. The FIV prevalence observed is among the highest reported in Brazil, demonstrating the need for prevention and control strategies for this retrovirus., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

We aimed to evaluate the effects of different drying methods for banana residues on the energy metabolism and respirometry of growing lambs. Twenty Santa Inês x Dorper lambs were fed five experimental diets: Tifton 85 grass hay (Control), shade-dried banana leaf hay (LH Shade), shade-dried pseudostem banana hay (PH Shade), sun-dried banana leaf hay (LH Sun), and sun-dried banana pseudostem hay (PH Sun). Nutrient intake and digestibility were assessed in metabolic cages, whereas O 2 consumption and CO 2 , methane, and heat production were measured in a respirometry chamber with animals fed at maintenance and ad libitum levels. Nutrient and energy intake was not influenced by diet. Pseudostem hay had higher apparent digestibility of dry matter (71.5%), organic matter (72.4%), and neutral detergent fiber (58.0%). However, this led to greater energy loss in the form of methane (12.1%). The banana residue hays and drying methods did not alter oxygen consumption, CO 2 production, or heat production of animals fed ad libitum or during maintenance. On the other hand, the use of leaf hay resulted in a reduction of 24.7% in enteric methane production of animals fed ad libitum. The inclusion of pseudostem hay is recommended in sheep feedlot diet. This residue provided greater use of DM, however promoted a greater loss of energy in the form of methane, resulting in similar energy consumption. The drying methods did not reduce the availability of nutrients and the sun drying method is recommended, since it is a faster drying method., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)

Bovine brucellosis is an endemic disease in Brazil, and evidence-based assessments of the available literature on its seroprevalence and risk factors are limited. The aim of this study was to systematically review and summarize studies related to seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine brucellosis in the entire Brazil, in addition to comparing published data with the most recent official reports. Articles available in scientific databases and published between October 2006 and October 2021 were evaluated. Forty-five publications were included in the meta-analysis on the seroprevalence of brucellosis and 29 publications in the review on risk factors. The largest number of publications was found for the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (n=4), and the highest and lowest seroprevalences were observed in Acre (11%; 95% CI: 8.0-14.0%) and in the Federal District (0.4%; 95% CI: 0.2-0.7%). The main risk factors were the purchase of animals for breeding, vaccination, the number of heifers (female ≥2 years), the presence of calving paddocks and the occurrence of abortions. The need for new official studies has been suggested to determine the true prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Brazil, supported by the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Animal Brucellosis and Tuberculosis., (Copyright © 2023 Asociación Argentina de Microbiología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To compare the use of PBMT in the soft tissue and bone healing after third molar extraction using the dual-wavelength laser directly into the post-extraction alveoli (PBMT-I), or PBMT with a red laser directly into the alveoli and with an infrared laser externally on the patient's face (PBMT-IE)., Methods: Twenty patients underwent extraction of four third molars were involved in this split-mouth double-blind randomized controlled trial. The Post-extraction alveoli were treated with the following protocols: PBMT-IE: Application of a red laser directly into the alveolus, and infrared laser irradiation transcutaneously and PBMT-I: Application of dual-wavelength laser intraorally. Patients were clinically evaluated 3, 7, 14, 30, and 90 days after the surgical procedure. The analyses in this study were divided into qualitative (centered on the patient's report and on the evaluators' analysis), and quantitative analyses (measurement of the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the face with the objective of measuring post-surgical edema and radiographic analyses for evaluation of the density and structure of the newly formed bone)., Results: A progressive improvement was observed in all parameters evaluated in this study, however, this improvement was time dependent, with no distinct effect observed between the PBMT treatments applied., Conclusion: The different dual-wavelength PBMT protocols induced a similar postoperative clinical course in third molar extraction surgeries, with a reduced occurrence of complications and a good healing pattern of hard and soft tissues., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

This study evaluates the effects of a green tea (Camellia sinensis) and hyaluronic acid gel on fibroblast activity and alveolar bone repair following third molar extractions. By examining the gene expression related to cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis, the study bridges in vitro findings with clinical outcomes in a split-mouth randomized trial. Human fibroblasts were exposed to the treatment gel, analysing gene expression through RT-qPCR. Twenty participants undergoing bilateral third molar extractions received the test gel on one side and a placebo on the other. Assessments included patient-reported outcomes, professional evaluations, and radiographic analyses at multiple postoperative intervals. The test gel significantly enhanced AKT, CDKs, and VEGF gene expressions, indicating a positive effect on angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Clinically, it resulted in reduced exudate, swelling, and secondary interventions, with radiographs showing improved alveolar bone density after 90 days. The green tea and hyaluronic acid gel significantly improves soft tissue and bone healing post-extraction, offering a promising adjunctive therapy for enhancing postoperative recovery. This gel represents a novel adjuvant treatment option for facilitating improved healing outcomes after third molar extractions, highlighting its potential utility in clinical dental practice., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The present study identified professional training aspects in veterinary medicine at a federal public university in the Northeast of Brazil based on the graduates perception. The outcome of this study is anticipated to facilitate updating of pedagogical project execution of the courses in related areas to improve their curriculum. Hence, the course coordination started monitoring the graduates using an online questionnaire on the course webpage. The form consisted of questions about the graduate's sociodemographic information; academic training; professional performance; evaluation about the humanistic and technical skills; expertise and knowledge areas; job market perception; and curriculum evaluation. This survey was performed following the ethical criteria. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test ( p < .05). Graduates work mainly in the Northeast region of the country, and are employed less than a year after graduation. Moreover, they are working in their training area with a compatible salary. They recognized the generalist profile of their training. They also believed that the course promotes articulation between teaching, and research and extension, as well as consider the discipline contents more theoretical than practical. Upon completing the course, 41% of the graduates felt prepared for the job market, especially in the area of animal health. The results obtained allowed us to understand the socioeconomic, demographic, and professional profiles of the trained professionals. Therefore, monitoring the trajectory of graduates can support decisions about the didactic-pedagogical adjustments aimed at promoting the quality of professional training, thereby meeting the job market demands.

There is growing interest in the use of natural bioactive compounds for the development of new bio-based materials for intelligent and active food packaging applications. Several beneficial effects have been associated with the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of carotenoid compounds. In addition, carotenoids are sensitive to pH changes and oxidation reactions, which make them useful bioindicators of food deterioration. This review summarizes the current research on the application of carotenoids as novel intelligent and active biodegradable food packaging materials. Carotenoids recovered from food processing by-products can be used in the development of active food packaging materials due to their antioxidant properties. They help maintain the stability of lipid-rich foods, such as vegetable oils. Additionally, when incorporated into films, carotenoids can monitor food oxidation, providing intelligent functionalities., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Transformative capacity (TC) is key for addressing climate change impacts. It refers to urban areas' ability for profound and intentional change to address current challenges and move towards a more desirable and resilient state. However, its varied applications across disciplines can lead to misunderstandings and implementation challenges. Thus, this Semi-Systematic Literature Review (SSLR) on TC within urban studies from 2016 to 2022 aims to overview and synthesise TC literature and its gaps to inform ongoing debates, intersecting it with climate-related research. The results show an increasing interest in TC within two fields of knowledge: resilience studies and transformative research. The review found TC as a catalyst for transformative actions, promoting sustainable pathways, enhancing resilience, and driving fundamental changes in urban climate adaptation. Finally, the prevailing literature gaps concern the TC concept's fragmentation, excessive research on governance features, and lack of joint research about TC and innovation., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Eating practices are changing due to awareness about meat consumption associated with social, ethical, environmental, and nutritional issues. Plant-based meat analogs are alternatives to conventional meat products that attempt to mimic all the inherent characteristics of meat fully. Therefore, the search for raw materials that provide these characteristics is increasing. Chia seeds have excellent potential as a functional ingredient in these products since they are a source of proteins, lipids, and fibers. Allied with this, the full use of chia through the seed and its fractions highlights the numerous beneficial characteristics of the formulation regarding nutritional characteristics and techno-functionality. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the potential of chia seed and its fractions for applications in meat-like products. Chia seeds are protein sources. Chia oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and its application in emulsions ensures the oil's nutritional quality and maintains its technological characteristics. Defatted chia flour has a high protein content and can be used to extract chia mucilage. Due to its high emulsification capacity, chia mucilage is an effective ingredient for meat products and, consequently, meat-like products. Therefore, this literature review demonstrates the strategic potential of using chia seeds and their fractions to develop meat analogs.

Electron microscopy has become increasingly essential as an investigative research resource in various fields of science. Despite the evolution of the equipment and preparation techniques, little has been published on techniques for affixation and removal of samples on the stubs after analysis. This work aims to illustrate a quick and low-cost procedure for fixing and removing a sample from the support for analysis by electronic microscopy, applied to crustacean and insect species, as well as other invertebrates. It thus makes it feasible to use specimens or anatomical portions of specimens represented by a few individuals, or designated as paratypes or holotypes in a collection. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study presents a quick and low-cost procedure for fixing and removing samples from support for electron microscopy analysis. This technique makes it possible to use individual specimens or anatomical portions represented in a collection. Fluidization of the adhesive and its complete removal allow easy recovery and repositioning of samples., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)