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6. The Spectral Species Concept in Living Color

Author

Rocchini, Duccio, Santos, Maria J, Ustin, Susan L, Féret, Jean‐Baptiste, Asner, Gregory P, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Dalponte, Michele, Feilhauer, Hannes, Foody, Giles M, Geller, Gary N, Gillespie, Thomas W, He, Kate S, Kleijn, David, Leitão, Pedro J, Malavasi, Marco, Moudrý, Vítězslav, Müllerová, Jana, Nagendra, Harini, Normand, Signe, Ricotta, Carlo, Schaepman, Michael E, Schmidtlein, Sebastian, Skidmore, Andrew K, Šímová, Petra, Torresani, Michele, Townsend, Philip A, Turner, Woody, Vihervaara, Petteri, Wegmann, Martin, and Lenoir, Jonathan

Subjects
Life Below Water, airborne sensors, biodiversity, ecoinformatics, hyperspectral images, plant optical types, remote sensing, satellite imagery, vegetation communities, Geophysics
Abstract

Biodiversity monitoring is an almost inconceivable challenge at the scale of the entire Earth. The current (and soon to be flown) generation of spaceborne and airborne optical sensors (i.e., imaging spectrometers) can collect detailed information at unprecedented spatial, temporal, and spectral resolutions. These new data streams are preceded by a revolution in modeling and analytics that can utilize the richness of these datasets to measure a wide range of plant traits, community composition, and ecosystem functions. At the heart of this framework for monitoring plant biodiversity is the idea of remotely identifying species by making use of the 'spectral species' concept. In theory, the spectral species concept can be defined as a species characterized by a unique spectral signature and thus remotely detectable within pixel units of a spectral image. In reality, depending on spatial resolution, pixels may contain several species which renders species-specific assignment of spectral information more challenging. The aim of this paper is to review the spectral species concept and relate it to underlying ecological principles, while also discussing the complexities, challenges and opportunities to apply this concept given current and future scientific advances in remote sensing.

Published
2022

7. Environmental and societal factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic disease: an observational study

Author

Izadi, Zara, Gianfrancesco, Milena A, Schmajuk, Gabriela, Jacobsohn, Lindsay, Katz, Patricia, Rush, Stephanie, Ja, Clairissa, Taylor, Tiffany, Shidara, Kie, Danila, Maria I, Wysham, Katherine D, Strangfeld, Anja, Mateus, Elsa F, Hyrich, Kimme L, Gossec, Laure, Carmona, Loreto, Lawson-Tovey, Saskia, Kearsley-Fleet, Lianne, Schaefer, Martin, Al-Emadi, Samar, Sparks, Jeffrey A, Hsu, Tiffany Y-T, Patel, Naomi J, Wise, Leanna, Gilbert, Emily, Duarte-García, Alí, Valenzuela-Almada, Maria O, Ugarte-Gil, Manuel F, Ljung, Lotta, Scirè, Carlo A, Carrara, Greta, Hachulla, Eric, Richez, Christophe, Cacoub, Patrice, Thomas, Thierry, Santos, Maria J, Bernardes, Miguel, Hasseli, Rebecca, Regierer, Anne, Schulze-Koops, Hendrik, Müller-Ladner, Ulf, Pons-Estel, Guillermo, Tanten, Romina, Nieto, Romina E, Pisoni, Cecilia N, Tissera, Yohana S, Xavier, Ricardo, Marques, Claudia D Lopes, Pileggi, Gecilmara CS, Robinson, Philip C, Machado, Pedro M, Sirotich, Emily, Liew, Jean W, Hausmann, Jonathan S, Sufka, Paul, Grainger, Rebecca, Bhana, Suleman, Gore-Massy, Monique, Wallace, Zachary S, Yazdany, Jinoos, Registry, COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance, Dahou, Brahim, Gómez, Gimena, Roberts, Karen, Baez, Roberto M, Coello, Vanessa V Castro, Salinas, María J Haye, Maldonado, Federico N, Reyes, Alvaro A, Alle, Gelsomina, Ficco, Hernán Maldonado, Nieto, Romina, Gobbi, Carla, Tissera, Yohana, Pisoni, Cecilia, Paula, Alba, Albiero, Juan A, Schmid, Maria M, Cosatti, Micaela, Gamba, Maria J, Leandro, Carlevaris, Cusa, María A, German, Noelia, Bellomio, Veronica, Takashima, Lorena, Pera, Mariana, Cogo, Karina, Elkin, Maria S Gálvez, Medina, María A, Savio, Veronica, Tessel, Romina Rojas, Alamino, Rodolfo P, Werner, Marina L, Ornella, Sofía, Casalla, Luciana, de la Vega, Maria, Severina, María, García, Mercedes, and Lucero, Luciana Gonzalez

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Coronaviruses, Infectious Diseases, Social Determinants of Health, Women's Health, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundDifferences in the distribution of individual-level clinical risk factors across regions do not fully explain the observed global disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. We aimed to investigate the associations between environmental and societal factors and country-level variations in mortality attributed to COVID-19 among people with rheumatic disease globally.MethodsIn this observational study, we derived individual-level data on adults (aged 18-99 years) with rheumatic disease and a confirmed status of their highest COVID-19 severity level from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance (GRA) registry, collected between March 12, 2020, and Aug 27, 2021. Environmental and societal factors were obtained from publicly available sources. The primary endpoint was mortality attributed to COVID-19. We used a multivariable logistic regression to evaluate independent associations between environmental and societal factors and death, after controlling for individual-level risk factors. We used a series of nested mixed-effects models to establish whether environmental and societal factors sufficiently explained country-level variations in death.Findings14 044 patients from 23 countries were included in the analyses. 10 178 (72·5%) individuals were female and 3866 (27·5%) were male, with a mean age of 54·4 years (SD 15·6). Air pollution (odds ratio 1·10 per 10 μg/m3 [95% CI 1·01-1·17]; p=0·0105), proportion of the population aged 65 years or older (1·19 per 1% increase [1·10-1·30]; p

Published
2022

8. Uncertainties in field spectroscopy: operator and setup induced effects on spectral radiance measurements

Author

Meiller, Carmen; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4432-1628, Hueni, Andreas, Furrer, Reinhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-2332, Schmid, Bernhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, Santos, Maria J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-7477, Meiller, Carmen; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4432-1628, Hueni, Andreas, Furrer, Reinhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-2332, Schmid, Bernhard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-3214, and Santos, Maria J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6558-7477

Abstract

Field spectroscopy (FS) measurements are crucial for validating Earth observation products obtained on other scales (drone, airborne or satellite). The accuracy of FS measurements relies on sensor traceability to an international standard, operator performance, and the choice of measurement setup. To ensure reliable comparisons of datasets, it is important to quantify the various aspects of uncertainty of FS measurements, which have not yet been thoroughly examined. In this study, we conducted two experiments to assess uncertainties in FS measurements and contribute to a more comprehensive uncertainty budget for in situ measurements. The first experiment examined the impact of varying distances of the fiber optic tip on the reference panel and derived a correction model. The latter was further applied to a case study, showing the impact of different distances to the panel on reflectance factors of vegetation. The second experiment investigated the influence of an operator’s presence on the measurements. Results indicate uncertainties of up to 3.4% depending on wavelength and distance, and up to 2% due to the operator’s presence. These uncertainties have some influence on the vegetation reflectance factors, and our findings show that without a proper examination of uncertainty, we may misinterpret a variability in the data rather than in the measurement setup. Our results emphasize the importance of estimating the uncertainty driven by operator and setup characteristics in FS. They highlight the need to calculate uncertainty budgets for FS measurements, as they are used to validate other sensors and ultimately influence further derived conclusions.

Published
2025

9. Differentiating Preschoolers With(Out) Social-Emotional and Behavioral Problems: Do We Have a Useful Tool?

Author

Major, Sofia O., Seabra-Santos, Maria J., and Martin, Roy P.

Abstract

The early identification of social-emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children has become an important goal in research and clinical practice. A growing number of studies have been published in this field; however, most focus on behavior problems, or on social skills, but few on both. The present study aims to test the validity of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales--Second Edition (PKBS-2) in differentiating two groups of preschoolers regarding their social skills and behavior problems: 41 children at risk for disruptive behavior (BP group) and 41 selected from the PKBS-2 normative sample (comparison group). Each child was rated with the PKBS-2 by parents and teachers. Results showed that children in the BP group were rated by their parents as having fewer social skills and more behavior problems than the comparison group (p < 0.01, for the majority of the PKBS-2 scores). A similar pattern was found for teachers' ratings. The discriminant functional analysis highlighted the Social Cooperation and the Externalizing Problem Behavior subscales as most accurate in differentiating the two groups. The usefulness of the PKBS-2 Portuguese version as a valid assessment tool available for practice and research with preschoolers was supported.

Published
2022
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10. Oral glucocorticoid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis initiating TNF-inhibitors, tocilizumab or abatacept: Results from the international TOCERRA and PANABA observational collaborative studies

Author

Lauper, Kim, Mongin, Denis, Bergstra, Sytske Anne, Choquette, Denis, Codreanu, Catalin, Gottenberg, Jacques-Eric, Kubo, Satoshi, Hetland, Merete Lund, Iannone, Florenzo, Kristianslund, Eirik K., Kvien, Tore K., Lukina, Galina, Mariette, Xavier, Nordström, Dan C., Pavelka, Karel, Pombo-Suarez, Manuel, Rotar, Ziga, Santos, Maria J., Tanaka, Yoshiya, Turesson, Carl, Courvoisier, Delphine S., Finckh, Axel, and Gabay, Cem

Published
2024
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12. Commonalities and differences in set-up and data collection across European spondyloarthritis registries — results from the EuroSpA collaboration

Author

Linde, Louise, Ørnbjerg, Lykke M., Rasmussen, Simon H., Love, Thorvardur Jon, Loft, Anne Gitte, Závada, Jakub, Vencovský, Jiří, Laas, Karin, Nordstrom, Dan, Sokka-Isler, Tuulikki, Gudbjornsson, Bjorn, Gröndal, Gerdur, Iannone, Florenzo, Ramonda, Roberta, Hellamand, Pasoon, Kristianslund, Eirik K., Kvien, Tore K., Rodrigues, Ana M., Santos, Maria J., Codreanu, Catalin, Rotar, Ziga, Tomšič, Matija, Castrejon, Isabel, Díaz-Gonzáles, Federico, Di Giuseppe, Daniela, Ljung, Lotta, Nissen, Michael J., Ciurea, Adrian, Macfarlane, Gary J., Heddle, Maureen, Glintborg, Bente, Østergaard, Mikkel, and Hetland, Merete L.

Published
2023
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13. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry

Author

Strangfeld, Anja, Schäfer, Martin, Gianfrancesco, Milena A, Lawson-Tovey, Saskia, Liew, Jean W, Ljung, Lotta, Mateus, Elsa F, Richez, Christophe, Santos, Maria J, Schmajuk, Gabriela, Scirè, Carlo A, Sirotich, Emily, Sparks, Jeffrey A, Sufka, Paul, Thomas, Thierry, Trupin, Laura, Wallace, Zachary S, Al-Adely, Sarah, Bachiller-Corral, Javier, Bhana, Suleman, Cacoub, Patrice, Carmona, Loreto, Costello, Ruth, Costello, Wendy, Gossec, Laure, Grainger, Rebecca, Hachulla, Eric, Hasseli, Rebecca, Hausmann, Jonathan S, Hyrich, Kimme L, Izadi, Zara, Jacobsohn, Lindsay, Katz, Patricia, Kearsley-Fleet, Lianne, Robinson, Philip C, Yazdany, Jinoos, Machado, Pedro M, Dahou, Brahim, Pinheiro, Marcelo, Ribeiro, Francinne M, Chassin-Trubert, Anne-Marie, Ibáñez, Sebastián, Dong, Lingli, Cajas, Lui, Hamoud, Hesham, Avouac, Jérôme, Belin, Véronique, Borie, Raphaël, Chazerain, Pascal, Chevalier, Xavier, Claudepierre, Pascal, Clavel, Gaëlle, Colette-Cedoz, Marie-Eve, Combe, Bernard, Constant, Elodie, Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie, Desmurs, Marie, Devauchelle-Pensec, Valérie, Devaux, Mathilde, Dhote, Robin, Dieudonné, Yannick, Domont, Fanny, Duret, Pierre-Marie, Ebbo, Mikaël, Ebstein, Esther, Mahou, Soumaya El, Fautrel, Bruno, Felten, Renaud, Flipo, René-Marc, Foltz, Violaine, Froissart, Antoine, Galland, Joris, Gaud-Listrat, Véronique, Georgin-Lavialle, Sophie, Giraud-Morelet, Aude, Quitrec, Jeanine S Giraudet-Le, Goupille, Philippe, Govindaraju-Audouard, Sophie, Grados, Franck, Guillaume-Czitrom, Séverine, Hermet, Marion, Hittinger-Roux, Ambre, Hudry, Christophe, Kone-Paut, Isabelle, La Batide Alanore, Sylvain, Lafforgue, Pierre, Lahalle, Sophie, Lambrecht, Isabelle, Langlois, Vincent, Larbre, Jean-Paul, Ledoult, Emmanuel, Leroux, Christophe, Liote, Frédéric, Maria, Alexandre TJ, Marotte, Hubert, Mekinian, Arsène, Melki, Isabelle, Messer, Laurent, Michel, Catherine, and Morel, Gauthier

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Autoimmune Disease, Infectious Diseases, Coronaviruses, Arthritis, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Inflammatory and immune system, Cardiovascular, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Antirheumatic Agents, COVID-19, Comorbidity, Female, Global Health, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Odds Ratio, Registries, Rheumatic Diseases, Rheumatology, SARS-CoV-2, antirheumatic agents, autoimmune diseases, epidemiology, glucocorticoids, outcome assessment, health care, COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance, Immunology, Public Health and Health Services, Arthritis & Rheumatology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

ObjectivesTo determine factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases.MethodsPhysician-reported registry of adults with rheumatic disease and confirmed or presumptive COVID-19 (from 24 March to 1 July 2020). The primary outcome was COVID-19-related death. Age, sex, smoking status, comorbidities, rheumatic disease diagnosis, disease activity and medications were included as covariates in multivariable logistic regression models. Analyses were further stratified according to rheumatic disease category.ResultsOf 3729 patients (mean age 57 years, 68% female), 390 (10.5%) died. Independent factors associated with COVID-19-related death were age (66-75 years: OR 3.00, 95% CI 2.13 to 4.22; >75 years: 6.18, 4.47 to 8.53; both vs ≤65 years), male sex (1.46, 1.11 to 1.91), hypertension combined with cardiovascular disease (1.89, 1.31 to 2.73), chronic lung disease (1.68, 1.26 to 2.25) and prednisolone-equivalent dosage >10 mg/day (1.69, 1.18 to 2.41; vs no glucocorticoid intake). Moderate/high disease activity (vs remission/low disease activity) was associated with higher odds of death (1.87, 1.27 to 2.77). Rituximab (4.04, 2.32 to 7.03), sulfasalazine (3.60, 1.66 to 7.78), immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, ciclosporin, mycophenolate or tacrolimus: 2.22, 1.43 to 3.46) and not receiving any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) (2.11, 1.48 to 3.01) were associated with higher odds of death, compared with methotrexate monotherapy. Other synthetic/biological DMARDs were not associated with COVID-19-related death.ConclusionAmong people with rheumatic disease, COVID-19-related death was associated with known general factors (older age, male sex and specific comorbidities) and disease-specific factors (disease activity and specific medications). The association with moderate/high disease activity highlights the importance of adequate disease control with DMARDs, preferably without increasing glucocorticoid dosages. Caution may be required with rituximab, sulfasalazine and some immunosuppressants.

Published
2021

16. Preschoolers' social skills and behavior problems: A cross-cultural exploratory study of Angolan and Portuguese teachers' perceptions

Author

Major, Sofia O., Seabra-Santos, Maria J., Martin, Roy P., and Ventura, Margarida F.

Subjects
Practice, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Psychological aspects, Social aspects, Teachers -- Practice -- Social aspects -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Behavior problems -- Social aspects, Preschool children -- Social aspects -- Psychological aspects
Abstract

Author(s): Sofia O. Major [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Maria J. Seabra-Santos [sup.2] [sup.4] , Roy P. Martin [sup.5] , Margarida F. Ventura [sup.6] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.7338.f, 0000 0001 2096 [...], Preschoolers social skills and behavior problems have become a worldwide focus of research in developmental, clinical and educational fields, which translates into an increase of cross-cultural research. However, few studies have been conducted with African participants, especially Angolan preschoolers. This study explored teachers&apos; perceptions on preschool children&apos;s social skills and behavior problems from two countries (Angola and Portugal) who share the same language. Thirteen preschool teachers rated 119 Angolan preschoolers with the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). This sample was matched with 119 preschoolers from the Portuguese PKBS-2 normative sample, also rated by their preschool teachers. Results indicated good to very good values for internal consistency in both samples (from .73 to .96). Differences in teachers&apos; perceptions were found, with Angolan preschool teachers perceiving that their children have more behavior problems than the Portuguese teachers (differences associated mostly to large effect sizes), and exhibit less social cooperation. Culture and gender main effects were evidenced, but no interaction effects were present. Results comparing teachers&apos; perception from both countries at the item level revealed a similar pattern for the most rated social skills items (eight common out of 10 items), but Angolan teachers rated more externalizing behavior problems at a higher level than Portuguese teacher and fewer internalizing problems. Results of this exploratory cross-cultural investigation are discussed emphasizing issues associated with the use of behavior rating scales and cultural specificities, highlighting some contributions for practice and future research.

Published
2023
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21. Predictors of ASDAS-CRP inactive disease in axial spondyloarthritis during treatment with TNF-inhibitors: Data from the EuroSpA collaboration

Author

Ørnbjerg, Lykke M., Linde, Louise, Georgiadis, Stylianos, Rasmussen, Simon H., Lindström, Ulf, Askling, Johan, Michelsen, Brigitte, Giuseppe, Daniela Di, Wallman, Johan K., Pavelka, Karel, Závada, Jakub, Nissen, Michael J., Jones, Gareth T., Relas, Heikki, Pirilä, Laura, Tomšič, Matija, Rotar, Ziga, Geirsson, Arni Jon, Gudbjornsson, Bjorn, Kristianslund, Eirik K., van sder Horst-Bruinsma, Irene, Loft, Anne Gitte, Laas, Karin, Iannone, Florenzo, Corrado, Addolorata, Ciurea, Adrian, Santos, Maria J., Santos, Helena, Codreanu, Catalin, Akkoc, Nurullah, Gunduz, Ozgul S., Glintborg, Bente, Østergaard, Mikkel, and Hetland, Merete Lund

Published
2022
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22. Environmental and societal factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic disease: an observational study

Author

Dahou, Brahim, Gómez, Gimena, Roberts, Karen, Baez, Roberto M, Castro Coello, Vanessa V, Haye Salinas, María J, Maldonado, Federico N, Reyes, Alvaro A, Alle, Gelsomina, Tanten, Romina, Maldonado Ficco, Hernán, Nieto, Romina, Gobbi, Carla, Tissera, Yohana, Pisoni, Cecilia, Paula, Alba, Albiero, Juan A, Schmid, Maria M, Cosatti, Micaela, Gamba, Maria J, Leandro, Carlevaris, Cusa, María A, German, Noelia, Bellomio, Veronica, Takashima, Lorena, Pera, Mariana, Cogo, Karina, Gálvez Elkin, Maria S, Medina, María A, Savio, Veronica, Rojas Tessel, Romina, Alamino, Rodolfo P, Werner, Marina L, Ornella, Sofía, Casalla, Luciana, de la Vega, Maria, Severina, María, García, Mercedes, Gonzalez Lucero, Luciana, Romeo, Cecilia, Moyano, Sebastián, Barbich, Tatiana, Bertoli, Ana, Baños, Andrea, Petruzzelli, Sandra, Matellan, Carla, Conti, Silvana, Lazaro, Maria A, Rodriguez Gil, Gustavo F, Risueño, Fabian, Quaglia, Maria I, Scafati, Julia, Cuchiaro, Natalia L, Rebak, Jonathan E, Pineda, Susana I, Calvo, María E, Picco, Eugenia, Yanzi, Josefina G, Maid, Pablo, Guaglianone, Debora, Morbiducci, Julieta S, Porta, Sabrina, Herscovich, Natalia, Velasco Zamora, José L, Kisluk, Boris, Castaños Menescardi, Maria S, Gallo, Rosana, Martire, María V, Maldini, Carla, Goizueta, Cecilia, de la Vega Fernandez, Sabrina S, Aeschlimann, Carolina, Subils, Gisela, Rath, Eva, Piette, Yves, Devinck, Mieke, Maeyaert, Bea, Machado Ribeiro, Francinne, Euzebio Ribeiro, Sandra L, Pinheiro, Marcelo, Ibáñez, Sebastián, Chassin Trubert, Anne-Marie, Dong, Lingli, Cajas, Lui, Barešić, Marko, Anić, Branimir, Ćulo, Melanie-Ivana, Pavelić, Tea A, Stranski, Kristina K, Karanovic, Boris, Vencovsky, Jiri, Píchová, Marta, Filkova, Maria, Hamoud, Hesham, Vassilopoulos, Dimitrios, Guzman Melgar, Gabriela M, So, Ho, Király, Márta, Vojdanian, Mahdi, Balbir Gurman, Alexandra, Abutiban, Fatemah, Zepa, Julija, Bulina, Inita, Bukauskiene, Loreta, Zazueta Montiel, Beatriz E, Castillo Ortiz, Angel A, Zamora Tehozol, Erick, Vega Morales, David, Cervántes Rosete, Diana, Martín Nares, Eduardo, Rodriguez Reyna, Tatiana S, Rull Gabayet, Marina, Alpízar Rodríguez, Deshiré, Irazoque, Fedra, Jimenez, Xochitl, Geurts van Bon, Lenny, Zijlstra, Theo, Hoekstra, Monique, Al Adhoubi, Nasra, Salim, Babur, Giraldo, Enrique, Salinas, Ariel, Ugarte Gil, Manuel, Nowakowski, Jarosław, Conway, Richard, Flood, Rachael, McCarthy, Geraldine, Felea, Ioana, Filipescu, Ileana, Rednic, Simona, Groseanu, Laura, Tamas, Maria M, Mlynarikova, Vanda, Skamlova, Martina, Zlnay, Martin, Mičeková, Dagmar, Capova, Lubica, Macejova, Zelmira, Šteňová, Emőke, Raffayova, Helena, Belakova, Gabriela, Strakova, Eva, Senčarová, Marieta, Žlnayová, Soňa, Sabová, Anna, Spisakova, Daniela, Oetterová, Mária, Lukacova, Olga, Bakosova, Martina, Hocevar, Alojzija, de la Torre Rubio, Natalia, Alegre Sancho, Juan J, Corteguera Coro, Montserrat, Cobeta Garcia, Juan C, Torres Martin, Maria C, Campos, Jose, Gomez Puerta, Jose A, Yardimci, Gozd K, Akar, Servet, Icacan, Ozan C, ÇELİK, Selda, Vasylets, Viktoriia, Yeoh, Su-Ann, Vandevelde, Claire, Dunt, Sasha, Leeder, Jane, Macphie, Elizabeth, Salerno, Rosaria, Graver, Christine, Williams, Katie, O'Reilly, Sheila, Devine, Kirsty, Tyler, Jennifer, Warner, Elizabeth, Pilcher, James, Patel, Samir, Nikiphorou, Elena, Chadwick, Laura, Jones, Caroline M, Harrison, Beverley, Thornton, Lucy, O'Kane, Diana, Fusi, Lucia, Low, Audrey, Horton, Sarah, Jatwani, Shraddha, Baig, Sara, Bajwa, Hammad, Berglund, Vernon, Dahle, Angela, Dorman, Walter, Hargrove, Jody, Hilton, Maren, Lebedoff, Nicholas, Leonard, Susan, Morgan, Jennifer, Pfeifer, Emily, Skemp, Archibald, Wilson, Jeffrey, Wolff, Anne, Cepeda, Eduardo, Todd, Derrick, Hare, Denise, Calabrese, Cassandra, Adams, Christopher, Khosroshahi, Arezou, Kilian, Adam, White, Douglas, Winter, Melanie, Fields, Theodore, Siegel, Caroline, Daver, Nicole, Harvey, Melissa, Kramer, Neil, Lamore, Concetta, Hogarty, Suneya, Yeter, Karen, Siddique, Faizah, Ban, Byung, Tanner, Tamar, Ruderman, Eric, Davis, William, Quinet, Robert, Scopelitis, Evangeline, Toribio, Karen, Webb Detiege, Tameka, Zakem, Jerald, Abbass, Khurram, Kepecs, Gilbert, Miranda, Lilliam, Guma, Michael, Haikal, Ammar, Mody, Sushama, Mueller, Daric, Jayatilleke, Arundathi, Zell, JoAnn, Bays, Alison, Dao, Kathryn, Ezzati, Fatemeh, Parks, Deborah, Karp, David, Quiceno, Guillermo, Izadi, Zara, Gianfrancesco, Milena A, Schmajuk, Gabriela, Jacobsohn, Lindsay, Katz, Patricia, Rush, Stephanie, Ja, Clairissa, Taylor, Tiffany, Shidara, Kie, Danila, Maria I, Wysham, Katherine D, Strangfeld, Anja, Mateus, Elsa F, Hyrich, Kimme L, Gossec, Laure, Carmona, Loreto, Lawson-Tovey, Saskia, Kearsley-Fleet, Lianne, Schaefer, Martin, Al-Emadi, Samar, Sparks, Jeffrey A, Hsu, Tiffany Y-T, Patel, Naomi J, Wise, Leanna, Gilbert, Emily, Duarte-García, Alí, Valenzuela-Almada, Maria O, Ugarte-Gil, Manuel F, Ljung, Lotta, Scirè, Carlo A, Carrara, Greta, Hachulla, Eric, Richez, Christophe, Cacoub, Patrice, Thomas, Thierry, Santos, Maria J, Bernardes, Miguel, Hasseli, Rebecca, Regierer, Anne, Schulze-Koops, Hendrik, Müller-Ladner, Ulf, Pons-Estel, Guillermo, Nieto, Romina E, Pisoni, Cecilia N, Tissera, Yohana S, Xavier, Ricardo, Lopes Marques, Claudia D, Pileggi, Gecilmara C S, Robinson, Philip C, Machado, Pedro M, Sirotich, Emily, Liew, Jean W, Hausmann, Jonathan S, Sufka, Paul, Grainger, Rebecca, Bhana, Suleman, Gore-Massy, Monique, Wallace, Zachary S, and Yazdany, Jinoos

Published
2022
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26. RANK is a poor prognosis marker and a therapeutic target in ER‐negative postmenopausal breast cancer

Author

Ciscar, Marina, Trinidad, Eva M, Perez‐Chacon, Gema, Alsaleem, Mansour, Jimenez, Maria, Jimenez‐Santos, Maria J, Perez‐Montoyo, Hector, Sanz‐Moreno, Adrian, Vethencourt, Andrea, Toss, Michael, Petit, Anna, Soler‐Monso, Maria T, Lopez, Victor, Gomez‐Miragaya, Jorge, Gomez‐Aleza, Clara, Dobrolecki, Lacey E, Lewis, Michael T, Bruna, Alejandra, Mouron, Silvana, Quintela‐Fandino, Miguel, Al‐Shahrour, Fatima, Martinez‐Aranda, Antonio, Sierra, Angels, Green, Andrew R, Rakha, Emad, and Gonzalez‐Suarez, Eva

Published
2023
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27. Unmute biodiversity risks of free trade? The EFTA–Mercosur Agreement (Swiss) case study.

Author

Willemin, Rémi, Krug, Cornelia B., Roux, Nicolas, Bonanomi, Elisabeth Bürgi, Chesney, Marc, Curnow, Benjamin, Deutsch, Sierra, Eppinga, Maarten B., Jacobi, Johanna, van Moorsel, Sofia J., Petibon, Fanny, Schuh, Leila, Sonderegger, Gabi, Waeber, Patrick O., and Santos, Maria J.

Abstract

Sustainability and environmental impact assessments of trade and investment agreements need to address biodiversity more effectively. To showcase this, we examined a report, commissioned by Switzerland, on potential environmental impacts and risks of the trade between Switzerland and the Mercosur under the EFTA–Mercosur Free Trade Agreement. Our analysis focuses on chemical pollution, regulatory impact, duty-free precious minerals, deforestation, and greenhouse gas emission to develop a roadmap for (re-)interpreting (muted) risks on biodiversity in light of the Global Biodiversity Framework. Our analytical approach on normative and substantive effectiveness of impact assessments encourages broader responses to impacts of economic policies on biodiversity and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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32. Water primrose invasion changes successional pathways in an estuarine ecosystem

Author

Khanna, Shruti, Santos, Maria J, Boyer, Jennifer D, Shapiro, Kristen D, Bellvert, Joaquim, and Ustin, Susan L

Subjects
biological invasions, California Delta, community turnover, hyperspectral, Ludwigia, remote sensing, succession, wetlands, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Zoology
Abstract

Invasive species fundamentally change the bio-physical and ecological characteristics of the ecosystems they invade. Rapidly expanding invasive species may facilitate the spread of other invasive species, and successive invasion events may lead to novel species interactions that may push the system beyond its equilibrium state and change successional pathways. Knowing the direction of the invasion front may be useful to predict impacts of invasive species. Water primrose (Ludwigia spp.), one of the invasive floating macrophytes in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (hereafter, Delta), has increased in cover rapidly over the past three decades likely outcompeting native and non-native species, changing their functional relationships, with cascading effects in the macrophyte communities of the aquatic ecosystem. In this study, we analyze the directionality of water primrose invasion and assess which spaces it occupies, whether it has overcrowded or outcompeted other vegetation communities, and its implications for succession in the Delta. We used imaging spectroscopy data acquired in June of 2004, June of 2008, November of 2014, and October of 2016 for the 2500 km2 of the Delta to map the communities of submerged macrophytes, floating macrophytes, and emergent marsh. We found that water primrose cover increased fourfold in the Delta over the past 13 yr, changing significantly in the central Delta and Liberty Island region from 122 ha in 2004 to 471 ha in 2016. Water primrose expanded first by spreading over open water and submerged macrophytes and, when that habitat was exhausted, primrose invasion switched direction and encroached into emergent marsh. This bilateral expansion to both open water and the marsh is likely to change rates of succession and affect the restoration of the native Delta marshes. Understanding the mechanisms behind the expansion dynamics of this invasive will allow managers to counter its impact on newly established vulnerable marshes.

Published
2018

39. Comparing the Potential of Multispectral and Hyperspectral Data for Monitoring Oil Spill Impact.

Author

Khanna, Shruti, Santos, Maria J, Ustin, Susan L, Shapiro, Kristen, Haverkamp, Paul J, and Lay, Mui

Subjects
Environmental Monitoring, Wetlands, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Gulf of Mexico, Petroleum Pollution, AVIRIS, LANDSAT, RapidEye, WorldView-2, vegetation indices, Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Science and Management, Ecology, Distributed Computing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Oil spills from offshore drilling and coastal refineries often cause significant degradation of coastal environments. Early oil detection may prevent losses and speed up recovery if monitoring of the initial oil extent, oil impact, and recovery are in place. Satellite imagery data can provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive airborne imagery or labor intensive field campaigns for monitoring effects of oil spills on wetlands. However, these satellite data may be restricted in their ability to detect and map ecosystem recovery post-spill given their spectral measurement properties and temporal frequency. In this study, we assessed whether spatial and spectral resolution, and other sensor characteristics influence the ability to detect and map vegetation stress and mortality due to oil. We compared how well three satellite multispectral sensors: WorldView2, RapidEye and Landsat EMT+, match the ability of the airborne hyperspectral AVIRIS sensor to map oil-induced vegetation stress, recovery, and mortality after the DeepWater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. We found that finer spatial resolution (3.5 m) provided better delineation of the oil-impacted wetlands and better detection of vegetation stress along oiled shorelines in saltmarsh wetland ecosystems. As spatial resolution become coarser (3.5 m to 30 m) the ability to accurately detect and map stressed vegetation decreased. Spectral resolution did improve the detection and mapping of oil-impacted wetlands but less strongly than spatial resolution, suggesting that broad-band data may be sufficient to detect and map oil-impacted wetlands. AVIRIS narrow-band data performs better detecting vegetation stress, followed by WorldView2, RapidEye and then Landsat 15 m (pan sharpened) data. Higher quality sensor optics and higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) may also improve detection and mapping of oil-impacted wetlands; we found that resampled coarser resolution AVIRIS data with higher SNR performed better than either of the three satellite sensors. The ability to acquire imagery during certain times (midday, low tide, etc.) or a certain date (cloud-free, etc.) is also important in these tidal wetlands; WorldView2 imagery captured at high-tide detected a narrower band of shoreline affected by oil likely because some of the impacted wetland was below the tideline. These results suggest that while multispectral data may be sufficient for detecting the extent of oil-impacted wetlands, high spectral and spatial resolution, high-quality sensor characteristics, and the ability to control time of image acquisition may improve assessment and monitoring of vegetation stress and recovery post oil spills.

Published
2018

40. Morbidity and mortality after anaesthesia in early life: results of the European prospective multicentre observational study, neonate and children audit of anaesthesia practice in Europe (NECTARINE)

Author

Breschan, Christian, Likar, Rudolf, Platzer, Manuela, Edelman, Isole, Eger, Johanes, Heschl, Stefan, Messerer, Brigitte, Vittinghof, Maria, Kroess, Ruth, Stichlberger, Martina, Kahn, David, Pirotte, Thierry, Pregardien, Caroline, Veyckemans, Francis, Stevens, France, Berghmans, Johan, Bauters, Annemie, De Baerdemaeker, Luc, De Hert, Stefan, Lapage, Koen, Parashchanka, Aliaksandra, Van Limmen, Jurgen, Wyffels, Piet, Lauweryns, Julie, Najafi, Nadia, Vundelinckx, Joris, Butković, Diana, Sorić, Ivana Kerovec, Kralik, Sandra, Markić, Ana, Azman, Josip, Markic, Josko, Pupacic, Daniela, Frelich, Michal, Reimer, Petr, Urbanec, Rene, Cajkova, Petra, Mixa, Vladimir, Sedlačkova, Yvona, Knoppova, Lenka, Zlamalova (nee Květoňova), Alena, Vavřina, Martin, Žurek, Jiři, Hansen, Tom, Afshari, Arash, Bille, Anders B., Ellekvist, Marguerite, Ilmoja, Mari-Liis, Moor, Reet, Kikas, Reet, Vali, Merle, Kallio, Kariantti, Reponen, Elisa, Suominen, Pertti, Suvanto, Sami, Vahatalo, Raisa, Kokki, Hannu, Kokki, Merja, Harju, Jarkko, Kokkonen, Miia, Vieri, Jenni, Manner, Tuula, Amory, Catherine, Ludot, Hugues, Bert, Dina, Godart, Juliette, Laffargue, Anne, Dupont, Herve, Urbina, Benjamin, Baujard, Catherine, Roulleau, Philippe, Staiti, Giuseppe, Bordes, Maryline, Gaulain, Karine Nouette, Hamonic, Yann, Semjen, Francois, Jacqmarcq, Olivier, Lejus-Bourdeau, Caroline, Magne, Cecile, Petry, Lea, Ros, Lilica, Zang, Aurelien, Bennis, Mehdi, Coustets, Bernard, Fesseau, Rose, Constant, Isabelle, Khalil, Eliane, Sabourdin, Nada, Audren, Noemie, Descarpentries, Thomas, Fabre, Fanny, Legrand, Aurelien, Druot, Emilie, Orliaguet, Gilles, Sabau, Lucie, Uhrig, Lynn, de la Briere, Francois, Jonckheer, Karin, Mission, Jean-Paul, Scordo, Lucia, Couchepin, Caroline, Dadure, Christophe, De la Arena, Pablo, Hertz, Laurent, Pirat, Philippe, Sola, Chrystelle, Bellon, Myriam, Dahmani, Souhayl, Julien-Marsollier, Florence, Michelet, Daphne, Depret-Donatien, Veronique, Lesage, Anne, Kaufmann, Jost, Laschat, Michael, Wappler, Frank, Becke, Karin, Brunner, Lena, Oppenrieder, Karin, Badelt, Gregor, Hochmuth, Karin, Koller, Bernhard, Reil, Anita, Richter, Sebastian, Fischer, Thomas, Diers, Anja, Schorer, Clemens, Weyland, Andreas, Cohausz, Ruth, Kretz, Franz-Josef, Loffler, Michaela, Wilbs, Markus, Hoehne, Claudia, Ulrici, Johanna, Goeters, Christiane, Flinspach, Armin, Klages, Matthias, Lindau, Simone, Messroghli, Leila, Zacharowski, Kai, Eisner, Christoph, Mueller, Thomas, Richter, Daniel, Schafer, Melanie, Weigand, Markus, Weiterer, Sebastian, Ochsenreiter, Miriam, Scholer, Michael, Terboven, Tom, Eggemann, Isabel, Haussmann, Sascha, Leister, Nicolas, Menzel, Christoph, Trieschmann, Uwe, Yucetepe, Sirin, Keilig, Susanna, Kranke, Peter, Jelting, Yvonne, Baehner, Torsten, Ellerkmann, Richard, Ghamari, Shahab, Neumann, Claudia, Sohle, Martin, Chloropoulou, Pelagia, Ntritsou, Vagia, Papagiannopoulou, Pinelopi, Garini, Eleana, Karafotia, Afroditi, Mammi, Panagoula, Bali, Evangelia, Iordanidou, Despoina, Malisiova, Anna, Polyzoi, Artemis, Tsiotou, Adelais, Sapi, Erzsebet, Szekely, Edgar, Kosik, Nandor, Maraczi, Veronika, Schnur, Janos, Csillag, Judit, Gal, Janos, Gobl, Gergely, Hauser, Balazs, Petroczy, Andras, Tovishazi, Gyula, Blain, Stuart, Gallagher, Sarah, Harte, Sinead, Jackson, Mandy, Meehan, Emma, Nawoor, Zeenat, O’Hare, Brendan, Ross, Mark, Lerro, Daniela, Astuto, Marinella, Grasso, Chiara, Scalisi, Rita, Frasacco, Giulia, Lenares, Elena, Leone, Roberto, Grazzini, Maurizia, Minardi, Carmelo, Zadra, Nicola, Cinnella, Gilda, Cotoia, Antonella, Galante, Dario, De Lorenzo, Brita, Kuppers, Beate, Bottazzi, Giulia, Caramelli, Fabio, Mondardini, Maria C., Rossetti, Emanuele, Picardo, Sergio, Vittori, Alessandro, Camporesi, Anna, Wolfler, Andrea, Calderini, Edoardo, Colantonio, Laura B., Finamore, Simona A., Porro, Giuliana A., Bonfiglio, Rachele, Disma, Nicola, Kotzeva, Svetlana, Mameli, Leila, Mattioli, Girolamo, Micalizzi, Camilla, Montaguti, Alessia, Pistorio, Angela, Zanaboni, Clelia, Guddo, Anna, Neba, Gerald R., Favarato, Moreno, Locatelli, Bruno G., Maffioletti, Micol, Sonzogni, Valter, Garra, Rossella, Sammartino, Maria, Sbaraglia, Fabio, Cortegiani, Andrea, Moscarelli, Alessandra, Attanasi, Elena, Tesoro, Simonetta, Agapiti, Cristina, Pinzoni, Francesca, Vezzoli, Cesare, Bilotta, Federico, Barzdina, Arta, Straume, Zane, Zundane, Anda, Lukosiene, Laura, Maraulaite, Irena, Razlevice, Ilona, Schmitz, Bernd, Mifsud, Stephanie, Aehling, Carolin, Allison, Celia, De Boer, Rients, Emal, Dina, Stevens, Markus, Buitenhuis, Marielle, de Graaff, Jurgen, De Liefde, Inge, Machotta, Andreas, Scoones, Gail, Staals, Lonneke, Tomas, Jeremy, Van der, Anouk, Dortmont, Knijff-van, Veldhuizen, Marianne, Alders, David, Buhre, Wolfgang, Schafrat, Eva, Schreiber, Jan, Vermeulen, Petronella M., Hendriks, Mark, Lako, Sandra, Voet-Lindner, Marieke, Pieters, Barbe, Scheffer, Gert-Jan, Tielens, Luc, Absalom, Anthony R., Bergsma, Margot, De Ruiter, Joke, Meier, Sascha, Volkers, Martin, Zweers, Tjerk, Beukers, Anne M., Boer, Christa, Dertinger, Jurgen, Numan, Sandra, Van Zaane, Bas, Boerke, Wenche B., Ekiz, Nil, Stensrud, Kristoffer, Drage, Inger M., Isern, Erik R., Bartkowska-Sniatkowska, Alicja, Grzeskowiak, Malgorzata, Juzwa-Sobieraj, Magdalena, Rosada-Kurasińska, Jowita, Baranowski, Artur, Jakubowska, Karina, Lewandowska, Dorota, Mierzewska-Schmidt, Magdalena, Sawicki, Piotr, Urban-Lechowicz, Magdalena, Przemyslaw, Pomianek, Zielinska, Marzena, Leal, Teresa, Soares, Maria, Pina, Pedro, Pinho, Silvia, Patuleia, Maria Domingas, Esteves, Catarina C., Salgado, Helena, Santos, Maria J., Badeti, Rodica, Cindea, Iulia, Oana, Loredana, Gurita, Adriana, Ilie, Luminita, Mocioiu, Gabriel, Tabacaru, Radu, Trante, Irina, Munteanu, Valentin, Morariu, Mihai, Nyiri, Emese, Budic, Ivana, Marjanovic, Vesna, Drašković, Biljana, Pandurov, Marina, Ilic, Jordanka, Mandras, Ana, Rados, Zdenka, Stankovic, Nikola, Suica, Maja, Vasiljevic, Sladjana, Knezevic, Mirjana, Milojevic, Irina, Petrov, Ivana, Racic, Selena Puric, Simic, Dusica, Simic, Irena, Stevic, Marija, Vulicevic, Irena, Cabanova, Barbora, Hanula, Miloslav, Berger, Jelena, Janjatovic, Darja, Štupnik, Špela P., Kohn, Ivan, Lindestam, Ulf, Reinhard, Jarl, Castellheim, Albert, Sandstrom, Kerstin, Bengt, Sporre, Dorenberg, Rainer, Frykholm, Peter, Garcia, Maria, Kvarnstrom, Ann, Ponten, Emma, Bruelisauer, Thomas, Erdoes, Gabor, Kaiser, Heiko, Marchon, Mathias, Riva, Thomas, Seiler, Stefan, Bogli, Yann, Dolci, Mirko, Marcucci, Carine, Habre, Walid, Pichon, Isabelle, Vutskits, Laszlo, Casutt, Mattias, Holzle, Martin, Hurni, Thomas, Johr, Martin, Anna-Ursina, Malar, Mauch, Jacqueline, Erb, Thomas, Oeinck, Karin, Akin, Mine, Keskin, Gulsen, Senayli, Yesim, Kaya, Guner, Kendigelen, Pinar, Tutuncu, Ayse C., Hatipoğlu, Zehra, Ozcengiz, Dilek, Erdost, Hale Aksu, Ocmen, Elvan, Olguner, Cimen, Ayanoglu, Hilmi, Dincer, Pelin C., Umuroglu, Tumay, Azizoglu, Mustafa, Birbicer, Handan, Doruk, Nurcan, Sagun, Aslı, Baris, Sibel, Dmytriiev, Dmytro, Kuchi, Sridevi, Masip, Nuria, Brooks, Peter, Hare, Alison, Ahmad, Nargis, Casey, Michelle, De Silva, Sam, Dobby, Nadine, Krishnan, Prakash, Sogbodjor, L. Amaki, Walker, Ellie, Walker, Suellen, King, Stephanie, Nicholson, Katy, Quinney, Michelle, Stevens, Paul, Blevin, Andrew, Giombini, Mariangela, Goonasekera, Chulananda, Adil, Sadia, Bew, Stephanie, Bodlani, Carol, Gilpin, Dan, Jinks, Stephanie, Malarkkan, Nalini, Miskovic, Alice, Pad, Rebecca, Barry, Juliet W., Abbott, Joy, Armstrong, James, Cooper, Natalie, Crate, Lindsay, Emery, John, James, Kathryn, King, Hannah, Martin, Paul, Catenacci, Stefano S., Bomont, Rob, Smith, Paul, Mele, Sara, Verzelloni, Alessandra, Dix, Philippa, Bell, Graham, Gordeva, Elena, McKee, Lesley, Ngan, Esther, Scheffczik, Jutta, Tan, Li-En, Worrall, Mark, Cassar, Carmel, Goddard, Kevin, Barlow, Victoria, Oshan, Vimmi, Shah, Khairi, Bell, Sarah, Daniels, Lisa, Gandhi, Monica, Pachter, David, Perry, Chris, Robertson, Andrew, Scott, Carmen, Waring, Lynne, Barnes, David, Childs, Sophie, Norman, Joanne, Sunderland, Robin, Virag, Katalin, Hansen, Tom G., Harlet, Pierre, Walker, Suellen M., de Graaff, Jurgen C., and Engelhardt, Thomas

Published
2021
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41. Putting Sustainability Research into Practice on the University Campus: An Example from a Caribbean Small Island State

Author

Eppinga, Maarten B., Lozano-Cosme, Jenny, de Scisciolo, Tobia, Arens, Patrick, Santos, Maria J., and Mijts, Eric N.

Abstract

Purpose: Despite increasing efforts to incorporate sustainability in curricula and practices of institutions of higher education, effective implementation remains challenging. The purpose of this study is to present an approach to incorporate sustainability into a practice-oriented research skills course, which was implemented at a small island state university in the Caribbean. Design/methodology/approach: First-year university students followed a four-week course module, starting with the introduction of the sustainable development goals, and culminating in a symposium in which the students present the findings of their research projects to the campus community. Pre-course module and post-course module surveys measured the students' knowledge and perceptions regarding sustainability. These survey results were also compared with the result of a similar survey held for the university's employees. Findings: The survey results suggested that following the course module increased students' knowledge about sustainable development, as well as their support for the university campus and its community putting more emphasis on teaching, practicing and encouraging sustainability. Interestingly, university employees scored significantly higher on the latter component than students, suggesting that in this case a lack of interest of the staff is not a barrier toward a sustainable campus. Originality/value: The presented course module offers a novel and low-cost approach to introducing sustainability into a broad range of academic curricula, specifically tailored to the needs of institutes of higher education in small island states. The survey results suggest that this type of education may not only ensure reaching academic goals but also increase students' interest in sustainable development within their local environment.

Published
2020
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42. People in the Miombo Woodlands: Socio-Ecological Dynamics

Author

Ribeiro, Natasha S., Grundy, Isla M., Gonçalves, Francisco M. P., Moura, Isabel, Santos, Maria J., Kamoto, Judith, Ribeiro-Barros, Ana I., Gandiwa, Edson, Ribeiro, Natasha S., editor, Katerere, Yemi, editor, Chirwa, Paxie W., editor, and Grundy, Isla M., editor

Published
2020
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44. Remote Detection of Invasive Alien Species

Author

Bolch, Erik A., Santos, Maria J., Ade, Christiana, Khanna, Shruti, Basinger, Nicholas T., Reader, Martin O., Hestir, Erin L., Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, editor, Gamon, John A., editor, and Townsend, Philip A., editor

Published
2020
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47. Exploratory modeling of social‐ecological systems.

Author

Eppinga, Maarten B., Reader, Martin O., and Santos, Maria J.

Subjects
SYSTEMS theory, SYSTEM dynamics, SUSTAINABLE development, DATA modeling
Abstract

Navigating social‐ecological systems toward sustainable trajectories is an important challenge of the Anthropocene. Models of social‐ecological systems can increase our understanding of how social and ecological subsystems interact, their response to environmental changes, and how their dynamics may be altered by management interventions. However, the level of representational detail required for models to describe a particular social‐ecological system with high fidelity (i.e., accurately quantifying system dynamics) may hamper both the interpretability of model results and our ability to identify key processes and feedbacks within the system. In contrast, stylized models describe simplified interactions between a small subset of social‐ecological system elements. Stylized models are a useful tool to identify potential consequences of specific key processes and feedbacks on system functioning. However, the relatively low level of representational detail in these models limits their ability to deliver concrete management options for a particular social‐ecological system. Here, we describe how an exploratory modeling approach can utilize the strengths of stylized models before the construction of social‐ecological system models with high fidelity and representational detail. This exploratory modeling approach is an iterative strategy, with the initial steps comprising the development of stylized models informed by empirical observations. We illustrate this with two examples of stylized modeling of isolated and connected social‐ecological systems. Through repeated confrontation of alternative models with empirical data, exploratory modeling provides useful stepping stones toward the development of models that describe social‐ecological systems in increasingly specific settings with increasing levels of representational detail. When these latter types of models reach a high level of fidelity, they could be used for scenario‐based analyses and participatory decision‐making processes. At this stage, the conceptual insights previously obtained during the exploratory modeling phase may aid in the interpretation and communication of the outcomes of scenario‐based analyses. Hence, exploratory modeling aims to create a synergy between the insights obtained from stylized models and system‐specific, high‐fidelity models in order to generate a deep understanding of the drivers of social‐ecological system dynamics, and how to leverage these drivers to initiate desired changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Marsh Loss Due to Cumulative Impacts of Hurricane Isaac and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in Louisiana

Author

Khanna, Shruti, Santos, Maria J, Koltunov, Alexander, Shapiro, Kristen D, Lay, Mui, and Ustin, Susan L

Subjects
Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Earth Sciences, Engineering, Geomatic Engineering, Atmospheric Sciences, Life on Land, gulf oil spill, remote sensing, hyperspectral, AVIRIS, hurricane, saltmarsh, Classical Physics, Atmospheric sciences, Physical geography and environmental geoscience, Geomatic engineering
Abstract

Coastal ecosystems are greatly endangered due to anthropogenic development and climate change. Multiple disturbances may erode the ability of a system to recover from stress if there is little time between disturbance events. We evaluated the ability of the saltmarshes in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, USA, to recover from two successive disturbances, the DeepWater Horizon oil spill in 2010 and Hurricane Isaac in 2012. We measured recovery using vegetation indices and land cover change metrics. We found that after the hurricane, land loss along oiled shorelines was 17.8%, while along oil-free shorelines, it was 13.6% within the first 7 m. At a distance of 7-14 m, land loss from oiled regions was 11.6%, but only 6.3% in oil-free regions. We found no differences in vulnerability to land loss between narrow and wide shorelines; however, vegetation in narrow sites was significantly more stressed, potentially leading to future land loss. Treated oiled regions also lost more land due to the hurricane than untreated regions. These results suggest that ecosystem recovery after the two disturbances is compromised, as the observed high rates of land loss may prevent salt marsh from establishing in the same areas where it existed prior to the oil spill.

Published
2017

50. Does infill outperform climate-adaptive growth policies in meeting sustainable urbanization goals? A scenario-based study in California, USA

Author

Thorne, James H, Santos, Maria J, Bjorkman, Jacquelyn, Soong, Oliver, Ikegami, Makihiko, Seo, Changwan, and Hannah, Lee

Subjects
Life on Land, Climate Action, Urban growth model, Scenario modeling, infill, UPlan, Climate mitigation and adaptation, Sustainable urbanization, Environmental Sciences, Engineering, Built Environment and Design, Urban & Regional Planning
Abstract

Land allocation for urban growth is central to sustainable development strategy because urban growth can impact space available for food production, ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation. Urbanization is a growing stressor due the 2.5 billion additional people projected to live in urban areas by 2050. Potential climate change impacts to natural systems increase the need for sustainable urbanization, which should integrate land use needs for urban growth with climate adaptation objectives such as maintaining biodiversity, food production and ecosystem services. Here we compare climate-neutral and climate-adaptive urbanization scenarios to see which produces the most sustainable urbanization, defined as being the most effective at meeting development, conservation, and two climate adaptation objectives. We modeled five urban growth scenarios portraying an increase of 25.8 million people by 2050 for California, USA comprising three climate-neutral scenarios: business-as-usual, compact-new-growth and infill (redevelopment); and two climate-adaptive scenarios: preservation of agricultural climate refugia or future plant dispersal corridors. Infill was the least impacting for the multiple objectives tested; preserving 46–57% more land for other uses. Each climate-adaptive scenario reduced land consumption for its respective target, but increased impacts to the opposite climate-adaptive scenario target. Infill has the potential to contribute towards sustainable urbanization, particularly if combined with other climate adaptation targets.

Published
2017

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