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Re-ensiling of previously ensiled forage has been a common practice in Brazil, and the use of inoculants may provide a means of reducing dry-matter ( DM) loss. This study aimed to determine the effect of re-ensiling and the use of microbial inoculants on the quality of sorghum silage. Treatments were presence/absence of an inoculant ( Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) in the silage, and the re-ensiling, or not, of the material after 24 h of exposure to air, and these were tested in a factorial 2 × 2 design. Losses due to gas, effluent and total DM were assessed, as were the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, aerobic stability, and aerobic counts of microorganisms. Effluent loss was higher in re-ensiled silage, and these silages had lower lactic acid content and higher levels of acetic and propionic acids. The in vitro DM digestibility was lower in the re-ensiled sorghum silages. The re-ensiled silage had higher aerobic stability. The inoculant only increased the acetic acid content of the silage. The re-ensiling of sorghum silage increased effluent loss by 71·2%, and reduced DM digestibility by 5·35%. The use of inoculant did not influence the quality of sorghum silage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]