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ABSTRAK Studi literatur dari berbagai sumber terkait pengaruh model pembelajaran fisika SMA menemukan bahwa Project Based Learning banyak digunakan terutama dalam peningkatan kemampuan siswa. Penggunaan model Project Based Learning dalam pembelajaran terkhusus pada SMA saat ini jarang di terapkan sekolah padahal penggunaan model ini sangat berguna dalam pembelajaran, oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkomparasi kelebihan dan kekurangan dari Project Based Learning dalam pembelajaran fisika agar sekolah banyak dalam menerapkannya. Studi ini dirancang dan dilakukan dalam tinjauan jurnal nasional yang akurat dan terindeks Sinta dalam jangkauan 5 tahun terakhir. Kriteria jurnal yang digunakan ialah mencakup hasil singnifikan yang tinggi, professional, dan terakreditasi. Berdasarkan hasil kajian pustaka, kelebihan pengaruh Project Based Learning pada pembelajaran fisika terdapat peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dan kekurangan Project Based Learning pada pembelajaran fisika yaitu alokasi waktu yang terlalu lama ketika diterapkan. Diharapkan dengan adanya penelitian ini membuat banyak peneliti menggunakan model Project Based Learning dalam pembelajaran dengan meninjau kelebihan dan kekurangan yang ada sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dengan model Project Based Learning yang diterapkan. Kata kunci: pengaruh; model pembelajaran; project based learning; pembelajaran fisika ABSTRACT Literature studies from various sources related to the influence of the high school physics learning model found that Project-Based Learning is widely used, especially in improving students' abilities. The use of the Project Based Learning model in learning, especially in high school, is currently rarely applied to schools even though the use of this model is very useful in learning, therefore this study aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of Project Based Learning in spectacle learning so that many schools apply it. This study was designed and carried out in reflection of the accurate and indexed national journal Sinta within the last 5 years. The journal criteria used include high significant results, professionalism, and accreditation. Based on the literature review, the excess influence of Project-Based Learning on physics learning increased students' creative thinking abilities and the disadvantages of Project-Based Learning on physics learning were the time allocation that was too long when applied. It is hoped that this research will make many researchers use the Project Based Learning model in learning by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses that exist so that they can improve students' abilities with the Project Based Learning model applied. Keywords: influence; learning model; project based learning; physics learning

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan penerapan isi materi ajar al-kulliyatu al-khamsah sub-bagian menjaga jiwa (al-nafs) yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik di lingkungan sekolah. Tinjauan lapangan (field research) digunakan sebagai jenis penelitian dengan hasilnya dipaparkan secara deskriptif. Adapun metode pengumpulan data yakni: observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi dilanjutkan langkah pengabsahan dengan trianggulasi teknik dan sumber serta tahap analisis yakni: reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik kelas XI jurusan Multimedia B (MM B) SMK Karsa Mulya Palangka Raya telah mengetahui dan memahami orientasi dan tujuan isi materi ajar al-kulliyatu al-khamsah sub-bagian menjaga jiwa (al-nafs). Untuk penerapan dilakukan dengan cara berikut: a. membuang sampah pada tempatnya, b. senantiasa ikut aktif berpastisipasi pada kegiatan gotong royong membersihkan dan menata lingkungan sekolah di hari Jum’at ketiga setiap bulannya, c. melaksanakan tugas piket kebersihan kelas sesuai jadwal yang telah disepakati bersama serta d. saling mengingatkan jika ada salah satu teman mereka yang menampilkan perilaku merusak lingkungan sekolah. Adapun dorongan atau pemicu merealisasikan isi materi ajar dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi dua macam yakni: a. memang berasal dari kesadaran dalam diri bahwasanya kebersihan merupakan hal wajib yang mesti dilakukan dan b. harus lebih dulu diingatkan oleh guru maupun teman-temannya yang lain baru lah mau melakukan demikian dengan alasan tergantung pada mood (rasa ingin) serta mencontoh segelitir peserta didik lain (satu kelas dan/berbeda kelas). Kemudian untuk dampak yang dirasakan yakni membuat tergugahnya rasa semangat mereka guna lebih memerhatikan kondisi lingkungan sekitar dengan tetap selalu dijaga termasuk ketika berada di sekolah serta sebagai bentuk penerapan syari’at agama Islam yang jika dilakukan bernilai suatu ibadah.

The formation of environmental literacy in the education system through education for sustainable development (EfSD) experiences many obstacles. The aim of the research is to analyze the impact of interdisciplinary science learning for interdisciplinary oriented education for sustainable development to improve interdisciplinary thinking and environmental literacy of prospective teachers. The experimental method with a quasi-experimental pretest posttest group design was used in this study. The data collection technique used is an environmental literacy questionnaire and an interdisciplinary thinking test. Data analysis technique used independent t test. The results obtained were that the science interdisciplinary learning effective in improving interdisciplinary thinking performance and environmental literacy. The performance of students' interdisciplinary thinking affects environmental literacy of students. The university forms student teacher candidates who have the ability to think interdisciplinary so that they can manage science learning in an interdisciplinary and environmentally literate manner. The implication of this research is the importance of fostering interdisciplinary thinking and environmental literacy at all levels of education.

Objetivo. Desarrollar y evaluar primers para detectar el gen Protamina 3 (PRM3) en alpacas. Materiales y métodos. Los primers candidatos se diseñaron en base a las secuencias conservadas obtenidas del alineamiento del gen protamina 3 (PRM3) con la secuencia predicted del ARNm, ambos presentes en la base de datos del NCBI. Para la evaluación in silico, se enfrentaron los primers con el genoma de alpaca, y para la evaluación in vitro, se emplearon 51 muestras de tejido testicular. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 10 pares de primers. De estos, se seleccionaron los pares 1 y 6; denominados PRM3-P31 y PRM3-P32 y con amplicones de 240 pb y 328 pb, respectivamente. Además, la evaluación de subproductos se realizó mediante el programa Oligoanalyzer. Conclusiones. Se concluyó que el primer PRM3-P31 nos permite determinar la presencia del gen más seguridad que el otro primer seleccionado. Por lo tanto, fue posible desarrollar y evaluar primers para detectar la presencia del gen de la protamina 3 en alpacas.

ABSTRACT: Coccidiosis is a disease of great importance in industrial poultry. The correct diagnosis directs the poultry industry to its best treatment and control. Thus, a survey of Eimeria spp. was carried out in intestines of 64 broiler flocks, with an average age of 29 days. Eight broilers from each flock were randomly removed from the slaughter line, in a total of 512 samples. Macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the intestine were classified into Scores 0 to 4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to research the oocysts from the seven species of Eimeria spp. in the intestinal content. The macroscopic evaluations showed that 59.4% (38/64) of the flocks were positive for E. acervulina, 32.8% (21/64) for E. maxima, 29.7% (19/64) for E. tenella, and 34.4% (22/64) for E. brunetti. The histopathological evaluation showed that 87.5% (56/64) of the flocks had at least one broiler with parasitic structures compatible with Eimeria spp. in the duodenum, 70.3% (45/64) in the jejunum, 18.8% (12/64) in the ileum, 46.9% (30/64) in the cecum, and 4.7% (3/64) in the colon. In PCR, 21.9% (14/64) of the flocks were positive for E. acervulina, 12.5% (8/64) for E. maxima, 3.1% (2/64) for E. mitis, and 32.8% (21/64) for E. tenella. The Kappa Cohen test between macroscopy, histopathology, and PCR demonstrated concordance ranging from weak to moderate with the exception of histopathology and PCR of the cecum, which was strong. In the comparison between macroscopy and histopathology, there were significative differences between Scores 0 and 1 (apart from the cecum). For Score 3, there were significative differences in duodenum, jejunum and cecum (p

Abstract The rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB), especially considering limited resources, is still a challenge. Development of new methodologies and tests are needed to overcome several disadvantages of the available standard tests. We evaluated the diagnostic potential of two antigens specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the CFP10 and ESAT6 recombinant proteins, and developed stable formulations thereof. Sensitivity and specificity of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin testing and the induction of gamma interferon production (IFN-γ) by lymphocytes, as a non-invasive test, were evaluated using the CFP10 and ESAT6 protein formulations. The recombinant proteins produced by our group presented a high DTH response and the ability to differentiate between tuberculosis infection, BCG vaccination, and the contact with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). The production of IFN-γ by stimulation with individual and combined proteins was detected in a panel of 40 individuals and showed a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 90% when the two proteins were used together. Lyophilized formulations were stable under all conditions, while soluble formulations were stable under freezing at -20 ºC and -80 ºC. The proposed formulations containing the ESAT6 and CFP10 recombinant antigens constitute satisfactory tools for TB testing, suitable to be developed and implemented in a large-scale trial.

Abstract With the COVID-19 pandemic, many diagnostic tests (molecular or immunological) were rapidly standardised, given the urgency of the situation, many are still in the process of being validated. The main objective of this study was to review the aspects of the diagnostic kits approved in Brazil and their application in the different federative units to gather epidemiological information. In order to achieve these objectives, a survey was carried out on the data available at the regulatory agency (ANVISA) and in the literature. The main countries that have registered products in Brazil are China (51.4%), Brazil (16.6%), South Korea (9.2%), USA (8.8%) and Germany (3.6%). The methodologies of these products are based on the detection of nucleic-acid (15.8%), antigen (13%) and antibody (71.2%). In the immunological tests, it was verified that the sensitivity ranged from 55 to 100% and the specificity from 80 to 100%. The percentage of cases in the samples tested in Brazil is elevated in almost all federative units since eight states showed 40% of positive cases in tested samples, while 18 states displayed between 20 and 40%. In conclusion, this review showed that Brazil is dependent on external technology to respond to pandemics, epidemics and endemics disease and needs to improve its biotechnological scheme to solve further diseases outbreaks.