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Sin financiación 3.374 JCR (2020) Q3, 93/146 Endocrinology & Metabolism 0.926 SJR (2020) Q2, 636/2446 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2020 UEM

Introduction: High soluble-fraction levels of Alpha-Klotho have been related with anti-inflammatory effects on the organism, decreased degenerative processes, and longevity[1-2]. In addition, SαKl levels increase immediately after an acute endurance exercise that does not occur after plyometric exercise[3]. Nevertheless, there is no literature to date regarding the behavior of the protein during the recovery period following plyometric exercise. Due to its well-known antiinflammatory response, we hypothesized that a SαKl levels increment could happen during the hours following a plyometric exercise session. Our main objective was to analyze the acute effect of a single plyometric exercise bout on SαKl and its kinetics during the 72 following hours. Method: 39 physically-active males (aged=18-35; VO2max=55.6±5.19 ml/kg/min) underwent one eccentric-focused plyometric session. Their serum SαKL and Creatine-Phosphokinase (CPK) levels were measured before (PRE) and immediately after (POST) the session, as well as 24, 48 and 72 hours later. Results: We found overall significant differences in the SαKl kinetics (F=4.182; p=0.011). SαKl increased significantly between POST and 24h (p=0.041; d=0.499) and between POST and 48h (p=0.007; d=0.873). Statistically significant differences were also observed in the CPK measures through the different time intervals (F=22.591; p=0.001). Discussion: There are some studies focusing on the SαKl response to aerobic or anaerobic exercise[1, 4], but to the best of our knowledge this is the first study analyzing the acute effect of a specific plyometric exercise protocol on SαKl secretion during 72h. SαKl levels presented a late response after the exercise session, remaining elevated from 24h to 72h post exercise. Furthermore, SαKl followed similar kinetics to CPK, a muscle damage and inflammation biomarker. In conclusion, we suggest that Klotho protein could play an anti-inflammatory role after plyometric exercise. And although more studies are needed, in this regard, the finding could have a relevant practical implication both in the clinic and in sport. 2019/UEM08 No data 2019 UEM

INTRODUCTION: Mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that produces energy for the organism generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using O2 and nutrients. Physical capacity levels are thus directly related with mitochondrial activity (1). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is proportional to the mtDNA volume in a cell, and can be used as a marker of mitochondrial function (2). Several polymorphisms in the genes of the cellular mitochondrial regulation pathway are already known to be related with the elite athlete status and physical capacity (3,4). Nevertheless, to date, there is few information about the functional relationship between these polymorphisms and the physiological mechanisms leading to an improvement of the physical capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible functional relationship between mitochondrial pathway genes and the mitochondrial activity in men with high cardiorespiratory fitness level. METHODS: We measured the leukocyte mtDNA copy number in 38 healthy men aged between 18-45 with a VO2max above 55 ml.kg1.min-1 using a Mitochondrial to Nuclear DNA Ratio kit. The analysed singles nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the biogenesis pathway were: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1-alpha (PPARGC1A) G482S (rs8192678); Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1 (NRF1) A>G (rs6949152) and Nuclear Respiratory Factor 2 (NRF2) A>C (rs12594956); Mitochondrial Transcription Factor-A (TFAM) S12T (rs1937); Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-delta (PPARD) A>G (rs2267668)). For statistical analyses, we used the SPSS for Windows software version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: None of the analyses presented significant association between the different genotypes of the selected polymorphisms and the mtDNA copy numbers (all P>0,071). CONCLUSION: Our results in this pilot study presented important inter-individual variability for mtDNA copy number, even in the groups of subjects presenting the same genotypes in each SNP. This could explain the lack of signification for the studied associations. Furthermore, our results did not show the significant relationship generally found by other authors between the genotypes of the polymorphisms of the biogenesis pathway genes and markers of physical capacity like VO2max (all P>0,062). In the future, we plan to increase the number of subjects, in order to try to reduce the variability of our results. Sin financiación No data 2019 UEM

BACKGROUND. Mitochondrion is the cellular organelle that produces energy for the organism, generating adenosine triphosphate using O2 and nutrients. Physical capacity levels are thus directly related with mitochondrial activity (1). Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is proportional to the mtDNA volume in a cell, and can be used as a measure of mitochondrial function (2). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness level and leukocyte relative mtDNA copy number in healthy men. METHODS. 103 healthy men aged between 18-45 divided into two groups: high cardiorespiratory fitness level with VO2max above 55 ml.kg-1.min-1 (Group 1) and low cardiorespiratory fitness level with VO2max below 45 ml.kg-1.min-1 (Group 2). VO2max was measured in a maximal incremental treadmill test a with gas analyser (ULTIMA series, MEDGRAPHICS, cardiorespiratory diagnostic). mtDNA copy number was measured in peripheral blood leukocytes. Blood samples were collected in collection tubes containing EDTA and DNA extraction was obtained using the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit. The leukocyte relative mtDNA copy number was analysed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method with SYBR Green. Threshold cycle number (Ct) values of the β-globin nuclear gene and the COX1 mitochondrial gene were used to determine the mtDNA content. The content of the mtDNA was calculated using the following equation: relative copy number = 2ΔCt (ΔCt = Ct nDNA - Ct mitDNA). For statistical analyses, we used the U the Mann-Whitney test with software SPSS for Windows version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS. VO2max was 58.7±3.9 ml.kg-1.min-1 for group 1 and 39.6±3.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 for group 2. We found significant differences in mtDNA copy number between the groups (392.18 ± 881.2 for group 1 and 156.41 ± 154.3 for group 2) (p=0,044). DISCUSSION. Our results are in accorance to Chang et al. 2016 results in postmenopausal women (3) and to Bayarca et al. 2016 results in athletes (4). In conclusion, it seems that mtDNA copy number can represent an interesting novel biomarker for cardiorespiratory fitness capacity level. Practical implementation: mtDNA copy number is a good indirect predictor of mitochondrial function and usefull for mesure mitochondrial biogenesis in physical activity. 2018UEM05 No data 2019 UEM

INTRODUCTION: High levels of soluble fraction of alpha Klotho (sαKl) have been related to longevity, with a decrease in degenerative processes and with an anti-inflammatory effect on the organism. On the other hand, an increase in sαKl levels has been described immediately after having completed an acute aerobic exercise1. The literature suggests that eccentric exercise would not have the same acute effect on this protein2 but does not report the behavior of the protein during the recovery period. Taking this background, the main objective was to analyze the acute effect of an eccentric exercise on the sαKl protein and its kinetics during the 72 hours following it. METHODS: Participation of 15 male subjects from 18 to 35 years old with good physical condition (VO2max. 50 and 70ml/kg/min). All of them underwent an acute exercise session consisting of 100 jumps from a 50cm drawer followed by a plyometric phase, the entire execution with 10% of their additional body weight. Physical condition (VO2max) was measured with ergo spirometry and body composition (BAI: percentage of fat; ASM: Muscular Index Appen MM/height2 [kg/m2]; VATarea: visceral fat) by dual X-ray densitometry (DEXA), they measured for the sample recruitment. As a primary variable the serum levels of sαKL measured by ELISA (αKlotho Assay kit, IBL) in T1 (acute pre-intervention), T2 (acute post-intervention), T3 (24 hours after acute exercise), T4 (48 hours later) and T5 (72 hours later). RESULTS: Homogeneous sample with VO2max averages of 57.4 ± 5.2ml/kg/min; BAI 17.7 ± 2.7%; VATarea 47.21 ± 11.6cm2 and ASM 8.3 ± 0.6. The average for the concentrations of sαKl at times T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 are 1064.05 ± 211.23pg/ml; 982.25 ± 226.65pg/ml; 1464.73 ± 262.12pg/ml; 1465.97 ± 321.60pg/ml and 1309.68 ± 595.45pg/ml, respectively. They only present significant differences between subjects in T5 (p=0.018). Between the assessment moments the sαKl levels are statistically significant between T1 and T2 (p=0.003) and between T2 and T3 (p=0.001). There is a significant decrease between the acute pre and post-session moments2, however, this difference may not be relevant from a biological point of view. The main increase is observed between the post-intervention time and the following 24 hours, maintaining, in all cases, these levels between 24 and 48 hours, and finally reaching baseline values in 40% of the subjects at 72 hours. CONCLUSION: According to the literature the results suggest that an eccentric exercise does not have immediate acute effect on soluble alpha Klotho2, but the behavior of 24, 48 and 72 hours could be an inflammatory response to this type of exercise. 2018/URM11 No data 2019 UEM

Mixing alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks is a common practice, especially among young people. In humans, the research on this issue has mainly focused on the use of the mass‐marketed energy drinks themselves, whereas in animal models, it has focused on the individual effects of their active ingredients (i.e. caffeine). Here, we have characterized how Red Bull®, one of the most consumed caffeinated energy drink worldwide, modulates operant alcohol self‐administration in Wistar rats. We found that animals readily and steadily responded for Red Bull (mean: 90 responses, 30 minutes and fixed‐ratio 1), which was accompanied by locomotor stimulating effects (26 percent increase). The higher the concentration of alcohol (3–20 percent), the higher the consumption of alcohol (g/kg) and associated blood alcohol levels (91.76 percent) in the mixed Red Bull–alcohol group (60 percent increase). Blood caffeine levels in the Red Bull group were 4.69 μg/ml and 1.31 μg/ml in the Red Bull–alcohol group after the 30‐minute session. Because Red Bull also contains 11 percent sucrose, we examined the time course of blood glucose as well as insulin and corticosterone. The correlation between intake of Red Bull and blood glucose levels was higher at 90 minutes than 5 minutes after its consumption, and there was no relationship with blood insulin or blood corticosterone levels. Red Bull did not alter extinction and reacquisition of responding for alcohol nor did it affect relapse‐like drinking. Overall, our results suggest that Red Bull might be a vulnerability factor to develop alcoholism given that it intensifies the consumption of higher concentrations of alcohol. Sin financiación 4.223 JCR (2018) Q1, 2/19 Substance Abuse; Q2, 76/299 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 1.755 SJR (2018) Q1, 55/555 Psychiatry and Mental Health, 30/335 Pharmacology, 194/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2018 UEM

Introducción: El gen del factor neurotrófico derivado del cerebro (BDNF) modula la función cerebral mientras la presencia del alelo Met en los polimorfismos Val66Met y Met66Met afecta a su función (Baj et al.,2013). La inducción de BDNF mediante la práctica de actividad física es un potente modulador positivo de la función cerebral (Cotman y Berchtold, 2002). Objetivos: Analizar el efecto de los polimorfismos de BDNF sobre el rendimiento académico y la función cognitiva en adolescentes y el posible efecto modulador de la actividad física. Metodología: 846 adolescentes (13-20 años; 15,31±1,51; 48% mujeres) pertenecientes al estudio UP&DOWM fueron incluidos. Durante 3 años se evaluó los niveles de actividad física/sedentarismo por acelerometría y rendimiento académico con las calificaciones escolares. La cognición fue valorada con test informatizados de inhibición cognitiva y memoria de trabajo. Los SNPs del gen BDNF (rs6265) se analizaron mediante sondas Taqman (C_11592758_10) en RT-PCR StepOne™ (Life Technologies). Resultados: : El 63.5% de los sujetos fueron homocigotos Val/Val (sin mutación), el 31.4% heterocigotos Val/Met (un alelo mutado) y el 4.6% de los adolescentes presentaron homocigosis Met/Met (ambos alelos mutados). No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p>0,05) entre los valores de notas académicas en función del genotipo de BDNF. Los resultados de los test cognitivos tampoco mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p>0,05) en función del genotipo de BDNF. Conclusiones: Este estudio no encontró diferencias significativas en las notas académicas o en los resultados de los test cognitivos en función del genotipo de BDNF en adolescentes. A pesar de este hecho, son necesarios más estudios que nos permitan descartar su influencia en adolescentes, además de explorar el efecto podría tener la actividad física como efecto modulador Sin financiación No data WoS No data Scopus 12.000 SPI – ICEE (2018), 93/104 General – Editoriales españolas UEM

Introducción: αKlotho (αKL) es una proteína transmembrana que posee un corte proteolítico en su dominio externo facilitando la liberación de una fracción soluble (sKL). Los efectos fisiológicos de sKL parece coincidir con los efectos beneficiosos del ejercicio físico sobre la salud. En este sentido, niveles elevados de sKL se han relacionado con la prevención de osteopenia, atrofia muscular y enfermedades cardiorrespiratorias1 e incluso con efectos antienvejecimiento. La actividad física contribuye también a mantener una adecuada composición corporal ayudando a la obtención de un estilo de vida saludable2. Objetivo: (1) Analizar el efecto del ejercicio agudo y crónico sobre los niveles de la sKL; (2) Analizar el efecto de la condición física y la composición corporal sobre sKL. Metodología: ensayo clínico con una intervención de ejercicio en 2 momentos: Momento A con T1 (pre-intervención aguda) y T2 (post intervención aguda); y momento B con T3 (pre-intervención aguda) y T4 (post intervención aguda). Entre A y B pasaron 8 semanas de entrenamiento (1 hora/3 veces semana, intensidad moderada–vigorosa). Participaron 7 hombres sanos (edad media 35,6±3,9 años). Las variables analizadas fueron: (1) sKL sérico por ELISA (Human soluble Assay kit) en T1, T2, T3 y T4. (2) Condición física con test directo en tapiz (Technogym; analizador de gases Fitmate de Cosmed) en T1. (3) Composición corporal en T1 con bioimpedancia (Inbody 720) utilizando masa muscular total en kilogramos (MEE) y masa grasa total en porcentaje (MG). Las variables 2 y 3 se categorizaron según: MEE 34kg: alta; MG: 20%: moderada-alta; y VO2máx: Alto >44ml/kg/min y moderada-baja

Sin financiación No data WoS No data Scopus 0.953 SPI - ICEE (2018), 135 de 272 General - Editoriales españolas UEM

Sin financiación 3.051 JCR (2017) Q2, 36/83 Endocrinology and Metabolism, 70/142 Nutrition and Dietetics UEM

Sin financiación 4.490 JCR (2017) Q1, 4/82 Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2/29 Reproductive Biology UEM

Un buen estado de forma minimiza los efectos deletéreos del paso del tiempo sobre el organismo. Klotho (KL) es una proteína anti-edad debido, probablemente, a su papel en el metabolismo del fosfato y de la vitamina D y en el control del estrés oxidativo. Se relaciona su expresión con la fuerza muscular y existen coincidencias en la respuesta fisiológica de KL y la actividad física. Además, la asociación de KL con el ejercicio podría depender de la condición física (CF) de una persona. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto sobre los niveles de KL de: (1) una intervención integral de 20 semanas de ejercicio físico y dieta; (2) el ejercicio agudo con y sin CF. Ni la mejora de la CF conseguida mediante un programa de intervención de 20 semanas, ni el ejercicio agudo, tienen efecto sobre los niveles de KL en 5 personas obesas y sedentarias. Sin financiación No data (2016) UEM

On behalf of the UP & DOWN Study Group: Coordinator: Ascension Marcos. Principal Investigators: Ascension Marcos, Oscar L. Veiga, Jose Castro-Piñero, and Fernando Bandrés. Scientific Coordinators: David Martinez-Gomez (chair), Jonatan R. Ruiz (co-chair), Ana Carbonell-Baeza, Sonia Gomez-Martinez, and Catalina Santiago. Spanish National Research Council: Ascension Marcos, Sonia Gomez-Martinez, Esther Nova, Esperanza L. Diaz, Belén Zapatera, Ana M. Veses, Jorge R. Mujico, and Alina Gheorghe. Autonomous University of Madrid: Oscar L. Veiga, H. Ariel Villagra, Juan del-Campo, Carlos Cordente (UPM), Mario Diaz, Carlos M. Tejero, Aitor Acha, Jose M. Moya, Alberto Sanz, David Martinez-Gomez, Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez, Gabriel Rodriguez-Romo (UPM), Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez, Laura Garcia-Cervantes, and Irene Esteban-Cornejo. University of Cadiz: José Castro-Piñero, Jesús Mora-Vicente, José L. González-Montesinos, Julio Conde-Caveda, Francisco B. Ortega (UGR), Jonatan R. Ruiz (UGR), Carmen Padilla Moledo, Ana Carbonell Baeza, Palma Chillón (UGR), Jorge del Rosario Fernández, Ana González Galo, Gonzalo Bellvís Guerra, Álvaro Delgado Alfonso, Fernando Parrilla, Roque Gómez, and Juan Gavala. Complutense University of Madrid: Fernando Bandrés, Alejandro Lucia (UEM), Catalina Santiago (UEM), and Felix Gómez-Gallego (UEM)., The aims of the present study were to assess the association of environmental perception with objective and self-reported physical activity (PA) and the relation between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations on children and adolescents. A sample of 1520 youth (770 boys) aged 8-18 years (12.1 ± 2.5 years) from the UP&DOWN study were included in the data analyses. Environmental perception was assessed with the short adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire. PA was objectively (accelerometers) and self-reported measured (PA Questionnaire for Children, Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Questionnaire and Finnish PA Index). Linear regression models were used to assess the association of environmental perception with PA. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to assess differences between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations. Environmental perception was positively associated with both objective and self-reported PA. Some differences were found in the association of environmental perception and PA between sex-and age-specific groups. Youth who perceived a more favourable environment were more likely to meet PA recommendations (at least 60 min · day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)). Results suggest that environmental perceptions of children and adolescents may play an important role in achieving higher levels of PA., This work was supported by the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN [grant number DEP 2010-21662-C04-00].

Cátedra Real Madrid No data (2016) UEM

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit higher levels of fatness and low levels of physical fitness compared with those without DS. In adolescents without DS, fatness is tightly associated with physical fitness, but this association is unclear in adolescents with DS. The aim of this study was to examine the association between several markers of fatness and physical fitness in a relative large sample of adolescents with and without DS. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 111 adolescents with DS (41 females) aged 11-20 years participated in this cross-sectional study. We also included a sex-matched control group (ratio 1:2) of 222 adolescents without DS aged 12-18 years, participating in the UP&DOWN Study. The Assessing Level of Physical Activity (ALPHA) health-related fitness test battery for adolescents was used to assess fatness and physical fitness. RESULTS: Our results show that fatness is not associated with low levels of physical fitness in adolescents with DS (that is, 3 of the 16 analyses identified differences in physical fitness variables by groups of fatness). In contrast, fatness, as expected, is associated with levels of physical fitness in adolescents without DS (that is, 13 of the 16 analyses identified differences in physical fitness variables by groups of fatness). CONCLUSIONS: The present finding contributes to new knowledge by suggesting that the role of fatness on physical fitness is different in adolescents with and without DS, and consequently, the poor levels of physical fitness in adolescents with DS may be due to the syndrome rather than the high prevalence of obesity from this population. Plan Nacionla ed I+D: DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 (DEP 2010-21662-C04-01, DEP 2010-21662-C04-02, DEP 2010-21662-C04-03, DEP 2010-21662-C04-04) 5.487 JCR (2016) Q1, 19/138 Endocrinology and Metabolism, 5/81 Nutrition and Dietetics 2.940 SJR (2016) Q1, 11/244 Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, No data IDR 2016 UEM

SIN FINANCIACIÓN No data (2015) UEM

SIN FINANCIACIÓN No data (2015) UEM

On behalf of UP & DOWN Study Group., [Objective]: To examine the associations of (i) objectively measured and self-reported sedentary behavior during leisure time with academic performance and (ii) patterns of sedentary behavior with academic performance., [Methods]: This study was conducted with 1146 youth aged 12.5 ± 2.5 years in Spain during 2011–2012. Leisure-time sedentary behavior during out-of-school hours was assessed by accelerometry and self-report. Academic performance was assessed through school grades., [Results]: Objectively measured sedentary leisure-time was not significantly associated with academic performance. Time spent in Internet surfing, listening to music, and sitting without doing anything were negatively associated with all academic performance indicators (β ranging from − 0.066 to − 0.144; all p < 0.05). However, time spent in doing homework/study without computer and reading for fun were positively associated (β ranging from 0.058 to 0.154; all p < 0.05). Five major sedentary patterns were identified. The “high social-low TV/video” and the “low studying-high TV/video” patterns were negatively associated with all academic indicators (β ranging from − 0.085 to − 0.148; all p < 0.05). The “educational” pattern was positively associated with all academic indicators (β ranging from 0.063 to 0.105; all p < 0.05)., [Conclusions]: Specific domains of self-reported sedentary behavior during leisure-time, but not objectively measured sedentary leisure time, may influence academic performance., The UP&DOWN Study was supported by the DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 grant from the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN.

The objective of this study was to examine the independent and combined associations between neonatal and current body composition with academic performance among youth. This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 1557 youth (745 girls) aged 10.4 ± 3.4 years. Birth weight and length at birth were self-reported. Current body composition was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat (BF%). Academic performance was assessed through schools records. Birth weight was related to all academic variables in boys, independent of potential confounders, including BMI; whereas WC, BMI and BF% were related to all academic performance indicators in both boys and girls, independent of potential confounders, including birth weight (all P

This study aims to examine the association between proliferator-activated receptor γ (PGC)-gene family-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and elite endurance runners' status in a Chinese cohort, and to gain insights into the functionality of a subset of SNPs. Genotype distributions of 133 SNPs in PPARGC1A, PPARGC1B, PPRC1, TFAM, TFB1M, TFB2M, NRF1, GABPA, GABPB1, ERRα, and SIRT1 genes were compared between 235 elite Chinese (Han) endurance runners (127 women) and 504 healthy non-athletic controls (237 women). Luciferase gene reporter activity was determined in 20 SNPs. After adjusting for multiple comparisons (in which threshold P-value was set at 0.00041), no significant differences were found in allele/genotype frequencies between athletes and controls (when both sexes were analyzed either together or separately). The lowest P-value was found in PPARGC1A rs4697425 (P = 0.001 for the comparison of allele frequencies between elite female endurance runners and their gender-matched controls). However, no association (all P > 0.05) was observed for this SNP in a replication cohort from Poland (194 endurance athletes and 190 controls). Using functional genomics tool, the following SNPs were found to have functional significance: PPARGC1A rs6821591, rs12650562, rs12374310, rs4697425, rs13113110, and rs4452416; PPARGC1B rs251466 and rs17110586; and PPRC1 rs17114388 (all P

OBJETIVOS: Calcular el riesgo cardiovascular según los métodos americano Framingham Coronary Risk Score (FCRS), y europeo Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) en una población laboral. Comparar los resultados con la presencia de síndrome metabólico (según niveles de glucemia, trigliceridemia, colesterolemia, perímetro abdominal y tensión arterial) y con los niveles de tres marcadores séricos emergentes: proteína C reactiva ultrasensible (PCRus), homocisteina (Hhcy) y lipoproteína (a) (lp(a)). MÉTODOS: Los datos fueron recogidos en los exámenes de salud rutinarios de trabajadores mayoritariamente del sector servicios en FREMAP Prevención Alcobendas entre 2004 y 2006 (n=248). Se siguieron los protocolos de Vigilancia de la Salud del Ministerio de Sanidad, añadiendo a la práctica habitual la obtención de una muestra sérica adicional y la medición del perímetro abdominal. RESULTADOS: Ninguno de los 248 empleados fue considerado de riesgo alto según FCRS, frente al 44,8% según SCORE. Se observó asociación alta (r=0,78, p

AIM: There is an emerging body of evidence on the potential effects of regular physical activity on academic performance. The aim of this study was to add to the debate, by examining the association between objectively measured physical activity and academic performance in a relatively large sample of children and adolescents. METHODS: The Spanish UP & DOWN study is a 3-year longitudinal study designed to assess the impact, overtime, of physical activity and sedentary behaviours on health indicators. This present analysis was conducted with 1778 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Physical activity was objectively measured by accelerometry. Academic performance was assessed using school grades. RESULTS: Physical activity was inversely associated with all academic performance indicators after adjustment for potential confounders, including neonatal variables, fatness and fitness (all p < 0.05). This association became nonsignificant among quartiles of physical activity. There were only slight differences in academic performance between the lowest and the second quartile of physical activity, compared to the highest quartile, with very small effect size (d < 0.20). CONCLUSION: Objectively measured physical activity may influence academic performance during both childhood and adolescence, but this association was negative and very weak. Longitudinal and intervention studies are necessary to further our understanding. Plan Nacionla ed I+D: DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 (DEP 2010-21662-C04-01, DEP 2010-21662-C04-02, DEP 2010-21662-C04-03, DEP 2010-21662-C04-04) 1.674 JCR (2014) Q2, 52/120 Pediatrics UEM

The authors compared ACTN3 R577X genotype and allele frequencies in the majority of all-time-best Span- ish judo male athletes (n = 108) and 343 ethnically matched nonathletic men. No between-groups differences were found in allele (P = .077) or genotype distributions (P = .178). Thus, the R577X polymorphism was not significantly associated with the status of being an elite judo athlete, at least in the Spanish population. The contribution of genetics to sports-related phenotype traits is undeniable with some genotypes, of which ACTN3 R577X is currently the leading candidate, partly distinguishing individuals predisposed to either endurance or power sports. However, few athletic events can be categorized as purely power or endurance based. Although genetic testing (ie, for ACTN3 R577X) is already being marketed to predict sports talent and potential of young children, its usefulness is still questionable, at least in competitive judo. 2.683 JCR (2013) Q1, 11/81 Sport sciences; Q2, 31/81 Physiology UEM

The aim of the present case-control study was to examine the association of the ACTN3 R577X genotype with elite swimming status. We compared a group of Spanish (Caucasian) elite swimmers (n = 88) with other cohorts of the same ethnic origin, i.e., nonathletic controls (n = 343) and other types of athletes who are in both end-points of the sports performance continuum, i.e., world-class power (n = 119) and endurance male athletes (n = 154). Swimmers had a lower odds ratio (OR) of having the RX genotype [1.815, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.899-3.664] compared with nonathletic controls, yet the association did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.096). Endurance athletes had greater OR of having the XX genotype (OR: 2.88, 95% CI: 1.162-7.135, P = 0.022), or the RX+XX genotype (OR: 1.903, 95% CI: 1.015-3.567, P = 0.045) compared with swimmers. No other association was found. In summary, we did not observe an association between the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and elite swimmer's status, suggesting that any influence of this polymorphism is not of sufficient magnitude as to significantly influence elite swimming performance, at least in Spanish athletes. 3.174 JCR (2013) Q1, 8/81 Sport sciences UEM

The goal of our study was to discriminate potential genetic differences between humans who are in both endpoints of the sports performance continuum (i.e. world-class endurance vs power athletes). We used DNA-microarray technology that included 36 genetic variants (within 20 different genes) to compare the genetic profile obtained in two cohorts of world-class endurance (N=100) and power male athletes (N=53) of the same ethnic origin. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression showed that the rs1800795 (IL6-174 G/C), rs1208 (NAT2 K268R) and rs2070744 (NOS3-786 T/C) polymorphisms significantly predicted sport performance (model χ(2) =25.3, df=3, P-value

No data (2011) UEM

Some controversy exists on the specific genetic variants that are associated with nicotine dependence and smoking-related phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to analyse the association of smoking status and smoking-related phenotypes (included nicotine dependence) with 17 candidate genetic variants: CYP2A6*1×2, CYP2A6*2 (1799T>A) [rs1801272],CYP2A6*9 (−48T>G) [rs28399433], CYP2A6*12, CYP2A13*2 (3375C>T) [rs8192789],CYP2A13*3 (7520C>G), CYP2A13*4 (579G>A), CYP2A13*7 (578C>T) [rs72552266],CYP2B6*4 (785A>G), CYP2B6*9 (516G>T), CHRNA3 546C>T [rs578776], CHRNA5 1192G>A [rs16969968], CNR1 3764C>G [rs6928499], DRD2-ANKK1 2137G>A (Taq1A) [rs1800497],5HTT LPR, HTR2A −1438A>G [rs6311] and OPRM1 118A>G [rs1799971]. We studied the genotypes of the aforementioned polymorphisms in a cohort of Spanish smokers (cases, N = 126) and ethnically matched never smokers (controls, N = 80). The results showed significant between-group differences for CYP2A6*2 and CYP2A6*12 (both PA (Taq1A) polymorphisms was 3.60 (95%CI: 1.75, 7.44) and 2.63 (95%CI: 1.41, 4.89) respectively. Compared with the wild-type genotype, the OR for being a non-smoker in carriers of the minor CYP2A6*2 allele was 1.80 (95%CI: 1.24, 2.65). We found a significant genotype effect (all P≤0.017) for the following smoking-related phenotypes: (i) cigarettes smoked per day and CYP2A13*3; (ii) pack years smoked and CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*1×2, CYP2A13*7, CYP2B6*4 and DRD2-ANKK1 2137G>A (Taq1A); (iii) nicotine dependence (assessed with the Fagestrom test) and CYP2A6*9. Overall, our results suggest that genetic variants potentially involved in nicotine metabolization (mainly,CYP2A6 polymorphisms) are those showing the strongest association with smoking-related phenotypes, as opposed to genetic variants influencing the brain effects of nicotine, e.g., through nicotinic acetylcholine (CHRNA5), serotoninergic (HTR2A), opioid (OPRM1) or cannabinoid receptors (CNR1). 4.092 JCR (2011) Q1, 12/85 Biology UEM

A functional -174 C/G polymorphism in the interleukin-6 gene (IL6) is a candidate to explain individual variations in exercise-related phenotypes. To replicate recent findings showing an association between the G allele and GG genotype of elite power sports performance in European (Spanish) Caucasian males, we compared allelic and genotypic frequencies of the IL6 -174 C/G polymorphism among elite endurance athletes (n = 74) and power athletes (n = 81) and non-athletic control subjects (n = 205) of both sexes from Israel. All subjects were Israeli Caucasians (with an equivalent ratio of non-Ashkenazi and Ashkenazi descent in each group; 2:1). We found no differences in the genotype or allele frequencies among groups (all P > 0.3). We further compared the genotype and allele frequencies between national- (n = 109) and international-level Israeli athletes (n = 46) in the endurance and power group, and found no significant genotype or allele differences after adjusting for multiple comparisons. We repeated all the analyses after pooling the Israeli and Spanish control subjects, endurance and power elite athletes, and found no genotypic and allelic differences among groups. The results did not change when the analyses were repeated including only the best Israeli athletes (i.e. the international-level group) together with the group of elite Spanish athletes (P > 0.2). In conclusion, the results of the present study did not show an association between the G allele of the IL6 -174 G/C polymorphism and power sports performance in the Israeli (Caucasian) population. Our findings support the need to replicate association results between genetic polymorphisms and athletic status in populations of different ethnic backgrounds with the largest possible population samples. 3.211 JCR (2011) Q2, 24/79 Physiology UEM

La adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) implica un diseño de las asignaturas basado en competencias y objetivos de aprendizaje, que afectan tanto a la metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje como a la evaluación. Los nuevos títulos de grado que entraron en vigor en el curso 2008-2009, están estructurados en módulos o materias en cuyos objetivos de aprendizaje deben figurar las competencias generales y específicas que los estudiantes deben adquirir durante sus estudios y que sean exigibles para otorgar el título, y dichas competencias deben ser evaluables. SIN FINANCIACIÓN No data 2009 UEM

El humo del tabaco contiene cientos de sustancias conocidas, entre ellas la nicotina como principal componente adictivo y nitrosaminas e hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos como probables carcinógenos. Tanto el citocromo P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) como el citocromo P450 2A13 (CYP2A13) han sido descritos como enzimas claves del metabolismo de nicotina, carcinógenos y pre-carcinógenos, CYP2A13 es expresado mayoritariamente en pulmón presentando una alta eficiencia en los dos últimos procesos especialmente. Diversos polimorfismos genéticos del CYP2A13 se han asociado tanto con variaciones en el riesgo de sufrir cáncer de pulmón como en el consumo de tabaco. Entre ellos, los polimorfismos genéticos 3375C>T y 7520C>G se estudian como posibles protectores o marcadores de riesgo de cáncer de pulmón. No data (2009) UEM

La gran variabilidad interindividual observada en la relación dosis/respuesta de acenocumarol obtenida en pacientes anticoagulados es debida tanto a factores ambientales como genéticos. Se han descrito varios polimorfismos genéticos tanto en los genes que codifican a la enzima metabolizadora (CYP450 2C9) como en el sitio de acción de este fármaco (VKORC1). La mayoría de estos polimorfismos estudiados producen una disminución de la actividad enzimática, siendo necesarias en estos pacientes dosis significativamente reducidas respecto a los individuos con genotipo normal. Por el contrario, polimorfismos genéticos asociados a un aumento de actividad enzimática, como el SNP G3730A localizado en la región 3ÚTR del gen VKORC1, se podrían relacionar con dosis elevadas de acenocumarol. No data (2009) UEM

We analysed seven genetic polymorphisms that are candidates to explain individual variations in human endurance phenotypic traits, at least in Caucasian people (ACE Ins/Del, ACTN3 Arg577Ter, AMPD1 Gln12Ter, CKMM 1170 bp/985 + 185 bp, HFE His63Asp, GDF-8 Lys153Arg and PPARGC1A Gly482Ser) in 46 world-class endurance athletes and 123 controls (all Spanish Caucasians). Using the model developed by Williams & Folland we determined (1) the 'total genotype score' (TGS, from the accumulated combination of the seven polymorphisms, with a maximum value of '100' for the theoretically optimal polygenic score) in the non-athlete (control) group, in the athlete group and in the total Spanish population, and (2) the probability for the occurrence of Spanish individuals with the 'perfect' polygenic endurance profile (i.e. TGS = 100). The probability of a Spanish individual possessing a theoretically optimal polygenic profile for up to the seven candidate genetic polymorphisms we studied was very small, i.e. approximately 0.07% (or 1 in 1351 Spanish individuals). The mean TGS was higher in athletes (70.22 +/- 15.58) than in controls (62.43 +/- 11.45) and also higher than predicted for the total Spanish population (60.80 +/- 12.1), suggesting an overall more 'favourable' polygenic profile in the athlete group. However, only three of the best Spanish endurance athletes (who are also amongst the best in the world) had the best possible score for up to six genes and none of them had the optimal profile. Other polymorphisms yet undiscovered as well as several factors independent of genetic endowment may explain why some individuals reach the upper end of the endurance performance continuum. 2.872 SJR (2009) Q1, 1/106 Sports science, 14/171 Physiology UEM

The authors studied the frequency distribution of alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X genotypes in 60 top-level professional soccer players. The results were compared with those of 52 elite endurance athletes and 123 sedentary controls. The per cent distribution of RR and RX genotypes in soccer players (48.3% and 36.7%) was significantly higher and lower, respectively, than controls (28.5% and 53.7%) and endurance athletes (26.5% and 52%) (p = 0.041). Although there are notable exceptions, elite soccer players tend to have the sprint/power ACTN3 genotype. 2.126 JCR (2008) Q1, 10/71 Sport sciences UEM

Este estudio transversal y descriptivo se realizó sobre una población inicial de 200 trabajadores que, tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión, se redujo a 119 sujetos. Determinamos los factores de riesgo cardiovascular más prevalentes y relacionamos los marcadores emergentes (proteína C reactiva, lipoproteína (a) y homocisteina) con el valor de la clasificación de predicción de coronariopatía a los diez años de Framingham (FCRS). Finalmente valoramos la necesidad de introducirlos en el screening lipídico (prevención primaria). Concluímos que la hipercolesterolemia, el tabaquismo y el estrés son los factores de riesgo más frecuentemente observados y están fuertemente relacionados con los hábitos personales, siendo por tanto, modificables. La proteína C reactiva resultó ser el mejor marcador de riesgo de los tres marcadores (aunque no significativa estadísticamente), además de ser la más eficiente y no precisar especiales cuidados en la fase preanalítica. 0.115 SJR (2006) Q3, 1183/1778 Medicine (miscellaneous)

The Z-disk protein alpha-actinin-3 is only expressed in type II muscle fibres, which are responsible for generating forceful contractions at high velocity. Despite the evolutionary conservation of alpha-actinin-3, approximately one in every five Caucasians of European ancestry is totally deficient in this protein, due to homozygosity for a R577X polymorphism in the ACTN3 gene. This, together with the results of recent research on elite athletes, suggests that the "null" XX polymorphism might confer some advantage to endurance performance events. To test this hypothesis, we studied the frequency distribution of R577X genotypes in a group of 50 top-level male professional cyclists (26.9 +/- 0.4 yrs [mean +/- SEM]; VO2max: 73.5 +/- 0.8 ml x kg (-1) x min (-1)). Their results were compared with those of a group of 52 Olympic-class male endurance runners (26.8 +/- 0.6 yrs; VO2max: 73.3 +/- 0.8 ml x kg (-1) x min (-1)) and 123 healthy, sedentary male controls. All subjects were Caucasian, and of European ancestry. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between groups: RR: 28.5 %; RX: 53.6 % and XX: 17.9 % in controls; RR: 28.0 %; RX: 46.0 % and XX: 26.0 % in cyclists; and RR: 25.0 %; RX: 57.7 %; XX: 17.3 % in runners). No differences were found in indices of endurance performance (VO2peak or ventilatory thresholds) between athlete carriers of each R577X genotype. In summary, although the alpha-actinin-3 deficient XX genotype may be detrimental for sprint performance in humans, the R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene does not appear to confer an advantage on the ability of male athletes to sustain extreme endurance performance. Sin financiación 0.685 SJR (2006) Q2, 42/153 Orthopedics and sports medicine, 36/91 Sports science UEM

The sarcomeric protein α actinin 3 is localised to the Z line of fast fibres, which are responsible for generating forceful muscle contractions at high velocity. However, a substantial proportion of healthy humans are totally deficient in this protein as they are homozygous for a premature stop codon polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess if the presence or absence of α actinin 3 influences the deleterious effects of ageing on muscle output and functional capacity. Sin financiación 2.233 JCR (2006) Q1, 7/73 Sport sciences UEM

Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud. Programa de Doctorado en Biomedicina y Ciencias de la Salud Introducción: Pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica que reciben tratamiento de hemodiálisis ven mermada su condición física, composición corporal, calidad de vida, estado emocional y niveles de αKlotho. La práctica de ejercicio físico intradiálisis se postula como una herramienta para poder mejorar todos estos parámetros. Metodología: 67 sujetos fueron seleccionados para el estudio, quienes fueron su propio control debido a la variabilidad interindividual que existe en esta población. El estudio se dividió en dos periodos: uno sin intervención de ejercicio (14 semanas) y otro con intervención de ejercicio combinado (ejercicio de resistencia aeróbica y de fuerza)(14 semanas). Se evaluaron en 3 tomas la condición física (dinamometría manual, sit to stand to sit, 60-second chair stand test y 6-minutes walk test); composición corporal (bioimpedancia); calidad de vida (Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 y EuroQol 5D-3L); depresión (Beck Depression Inventory), ansiedad-estado (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory); biomarcador αKlotho y niveles de hemoglobina y ferritina. Resultados: el programa de ejercicio físico obtuvo mejoras significativas en componentes “Síntomas ERC” y “SF-12 físico” (Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36) en el grupo de mayor cumplimiento. En el resto de variables no se encontraron cambios, aunque el grupo de pacientes con un mayor cumplimiento en el programa sufre menos deterioro a pesar de la evolución de la enfermedad renal. Conclusión: los efectos de un programa de ejercicio de resistencia aeróbica y de fuerza intradiálisis de 14 semanas de duración consiguen mantener la condición cardiorrespiratoria y la fuerza muscular, así como la composición corporal, mejorando la calidad de vida y evitando el descenso de los niveles séricos de la proteína Klotho en pacientes con Enfermedad Renal Crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis. [Resumen Teseo] UEM

Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación. Programa de Doctorado en Actividad Física y Deporte Introduccion: Klotho es una proteína secretada principalmente por el riñón y las paratiroides, pero también, a menor escala por el músculo esquelético y el cerebro. Altas concentraciones de la proteína Klotho están relacionadas con un buen nivel de condición física, una mayor fuerza y funcionamiento de las extremidades inferiores, como una mayor resistencia al estrés oxidativo y al riesgo de padecer enfermedades cardiovasculares, es considerado también un participante importante en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis en la célula muscular. Por otro lado, el ejercicio es considerado una herramienta eficaz para tratar y prevenir las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas al envejecimiento. Hace más de una década, varios estudios han establecido una estrecha relación entre los niveles de Sα-Kl y la actividad física, hablando de una conversación cruzada entre el músculo esquelético y la proteína Klotho, por ello, en esta tesis se plantea como Objetivo Principal: Determinar el efecto del ejercicio en la proteína Klotho en hombres sanos físicamente activos del cual derivan los siguientes Objetivos Específicos: (1) Describir valores basales de Sα-Kl en hombres sanos físicamente activos; (2) Analizar el efecto agudo de una sesión de ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio en los niveles de Sα-Kl en hombres sanos físicamente activos; (3) Determinar la cinética de Sα-Kl en las siguientes 72 horas después de un ejercicio agudo de fuerza en hombres sanos físicamente, y por último, (4) Comparar el efecto agudo del ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio versus el de fuerza en los niveles de Sα-Kl en hombres sanos físicamente activos. Metodología: el diseño de este estudio fue un ensayo cuasi experimental de medidas pre - post, cuya muestra fue reclutada en clubes de atletismo y triatlón de la comunidad de Madrid y también, entre estudiantes, profesores y administrativos de la Universidad Europea de Madrid. En primer lugar, se realizó una valoración de la condición física (VO2máx.) y la composición corporal (BAI, ASM, FMI y VATárea) de los participantes, para posteriormente realizar las intervenciones especificas designadas a cada grupo según el tipo de entrenamiento que realizaban (Cardiorrespiratorio o fuerza). Se recogieron muestras de sangre “pre” y “post” sesión aguda en ambos grupos para analizar los niveles de Sα-Kl. Adicionalmente, en el grupo que realizó la sesión de fuerza se analizó la CK y el comportamiento de ambos biomarcadores a las 24, 48 y 72 horas post ejercicio. La intervención de ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio, denominada “Ejercicio agudo Cardiorrespiratorio” o EACR consistió en: carrera en cinta al 55 y 75% de su VO2máx. durante 50 minutos. Y la sesión de ejercicio de fuerza, denominada “Ejercicio Agudo de Fuerza” o EAF realizaron saltos verticales desde un cajón de 60cm incorporando una importante fase pliométrica con el 10% de su peso corporal adicional, la sesión duro aproximadamente 1 hora. RESULTADOS: Se analizó un total de 86 participantes con una edad media de 30.1 ± 9.1 años y un buen nivel de condición física (56.9 ± 5.1 ml/kg/min). 47 de ellos pertenecían al grupo EACR y 39 sujetos al grupo de EAF. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre EACR y EAF en los niveles de Sα-Kl (1079.06 ± 492.42 - 1203.30 ± 302.10) vs. (1058.30 ± 250.16 - 1001.97 ± 231.86) respectivamente, p=0.010. En relación con la cinética de Sα-Kl, ésta, presenta un aumento tardío, no significativo, de sus niveles, pero clínicamente relevante, con su pico máximo a las 48h (1058.30 ± 250.66 vs. 1193.01 ± 363.58; p=0.149; d=-0.41), lo que coincide con el aumento de la CK entre las 24 y 48h (101.72 ± 59.89 vs. 272.82 ± 181.75; p≤0.001; d=0.99 y 101.72 ± 59.89 vs. 227.86 ± 160.93; p≤0.001; d=0.87) respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los valores basales de Sα-Kl en hombres sanos, físicamente activos muestran valores por encima de los ya informados en otros estudios que evalúan adultos mayores y sedentarios. Los niveles de Sα-Kl se elevan de forma significativa inmediatamente después del ejercicio cardiorrespiratorio y a las 24 horas después del ejercicio agudo de fuerza. Este comportamiento podría explicarse por la participación de Klotho en la mantenimiento de la homeostasis celular, al estar involucrado en la regulación del estrés oxidativo, va a depender del tipo de estímulo aplicado a la célula muscular el comportamiento de elevación o descenso de sus niveles. Esto permite relacionar también su ascenso tardío después de un ejercicio de fuerza a la necesidad de controlar procesos inflamatorios y regenerativos, ya que Klotho participa también en la señalización de la célula satélite para estimular la miogenesis. De esta manera la proteína Klotho podría ser un potente indicador de protección celular y el reflejo de un músculo sano, pudiendo ser un futuro candidato de biomarcador de salud. [Resumen Teseo] UEM

Tesis inédita presentada en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y Deporte La fibrosis quística (FQ) es la enfermedad genética mortal con herencia autosómica recesiva más frecuente en la población caucásica, con una incidencia en la población española de ~1/5.000 nacidos vivos. Hoy en día, no existen tratamientos curativos. La actividad física es un elemento clave en el tratamiento de los pacientes con FQ ya que se ha demostrado que el incremento de la capacidad física influye directamente sobre el estado de salud y la esperanza de vida de estos pacientes. La capacidad física en sus diversas facetas depende de múltiples factores, entre los que destaca la herencia genética, habiéndose descrito ya diferentes polimorfismos genéticos que pueden influir en la capacidad física de las personas. En el presente trabajo se analizó, en niños y adolescentes con FQ de ambos sexos (n=66) y niños y adolescentes sanos pareado por edad y sexo (n=113), si distintos polimorfismos genéticos influyen en fenotipos indicadores de capacidad física (consumo oxígeno pico (VO2pico), volumen espirado en el 1er segundo (VEF1), capacidad vital forzada (CVF), presión inspiratoria máxima (PImax) y fuerza muscular) al estar potencialmente asociados con los siguientes rasgos fenotípicos: (I) fuerza y masa muscular, y función contráctil de las fibras musculares (ECA I/D rs1799752; AGT M235T rs699, ACTN3 R577X rs1815739; PTK2 rs7843014 y rs7460; MSTN K153R rs1805086; TRHR rs7832552; NOS3 rs2070744); y (II) metabolismo energético y biogénesis mitocondrial (PGC-1¿ G482S rs8192678 ; NRF1 rs6949152; NRF2 rs12594956; TFAM S12T rs1937; PPARD rs2267668; ACSL1 rs6552828). No se hallaron asociaciones significativas en la mayor parte de los análisis realizados, aunque se observaron algunas asociaciones marginales entre: (i) NOS3 rs2070744 con VO2pico y VEF1, PTK2 rs7843014 con PImax y PImax/CFV, y PGC-1¿ rs8192678 con VEF1, en niños con FQ; (ii) ACTN3 rs1815739 con VO2pico, NOS3 rs2070744 con VO2pico, y NRF2 rs12594956 con fuerza total en niños sanos. Entre los resultados más interesantes destaca la asociación positiva, en los niños con FQ, entre un perfil poligénico teóricamente `optimo¿ para la resistencia, utilizando el método del `Total genotype score¿, y la pertenencia al decil superior del grupo según los datos de VO2pico, PImax y CVF. Estas asociaciones deberían ser objeto de investigaciones adicionales para poder extraer conclusiones sólidas. [Resumen Teseo] UEM