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Once called a "classically non-describable two-valuedness" by Pauli , the electron spin is a natural resource for long-lived quantum information since it is mostly impervious to electric fluctuations and can be replicated in large arrays using silicon quantum dots, which offer high-fidelity control. Paradoxically, one of the most convenient control strategies is the integration of nanoscale magnets to artificially enhance the coupling between spins and electric field, which in turn hampers the spin's noise immunity and adds architectural complexity. Here we demonstrate a technique that enables a \emph{switchable} interaction between spins and orbital motion of electrons in silicon quantum dots, without the presence of a micromagnet. The naturally weak effects of the relativistic spin-orbit interaction in silicon are enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude by controlling the energy quantisation of electrons in the nanostructure, enhancing the orbital motion. Fast electrical control is demonstrated in multiple devices and electronic configurations, highlighting the utility of the technique. Using the electrical drive we achieve coherence time $T_{2,{\rm Hahn}}\approx50 \mu$s, fast single-qubit gates with ${T_{\pi/2}=3}$ ns and gate fidelities of 99.93 % probed by randomised benchmarking. The higher gate speeds and better compatibility with CMOS manufacturing enabled by on-demand electric control improve the prospects for realising scalable silicon quantum processors.

Introduction and objectives Pregnancy in women with Marfan syndrome (MS) is associated with an increased risk of aortic events. The clinical evidence on pregnant patients with MS is limited and there is no specific consensus on their optimal management. We report our multicenter experience. Methods From January 2004 to January 2020, 632 patients with MS underwent periodic monitoring in Marfan units. During this period, we identified all pregnant women with MS and analyzed the incidence of aortic events during pregnancy and puerperium. Results There were 133 pregnancies in 89 women with MS (8 women with prior aortic surgery). There were no maternal deaths, but 5 women had aortic events during the third trimester and puerperium (type A dissections in 2, type B dissection in 1, and significant [≥ 3 mm] aortic growth in 2). The aortic event rate was 3.7%. Pregestational aortic diameter ≥ 40 mm showed a nonsignificant association with aortic events (P = .058). Fetal mortality was 3% and 37.6% of births were cesarean deliveries. Conclusions Women with MS have an increased risk of aortic events during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester and postpartum period. Patients with MS and aortic diameters ≥ 40 mm should be assessed in experienced centers for prophylactic aortic surgery before pregnancy. It is important to provide early diagnosis, prepregnancy study of the aorta, beta-blocker administration, and close monitoring during pregnancy, especially during the last trimester and postpartum.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos El embarazo en el sindrome de Marfan (SM) incrementa el riesgo de eventos aorticos. La evidencia clinica actual es escasa y no existe un consenso especifico sobre el tratamiento optimo de estas pacientes. Se presenta nuestra experiencia multicentrica. Metodos Entre enero de 2004 y enero de 2020, 632 pacientes con SM mantuvieron revisiones periodicas en unidades de Marfan. Durante este periodo se identifico a todas las mujeres gestantes y se analizo la incidencia de eventos aorticos durante el embarazo y el puerperio. Resultados Se hallaron 133 embarazos de 89 mujeres (8 con cirugia de aorta previa). No hubo mortalidad materna. Cinco mujeres sufrieron eventos aorticos durante el tercer trimestre del embarazo y el puerperio (2 disecciones tipo A, 1 diseccion tipo B y 2 crecimientos significativos de la aorta (≥ 3 mm). La incidencia de eventos aorticos fue del 3,7%. Se evidencio una mayor tendencia a eventos con diametros aorticos pregestacionales ≥ 40 mm (p = 0,058). La mortalidad fetal fue del 3%. El 37,6% de los partos se realizaron mediante cesarea. Conclusiones Las mujeres con SM tienen un incremento del riesgo de eventos aorticos en el embarazo, especialmente durante el tercer trimestre y el periodo posparto. Se deberia valorar, en centros de referencia, la cirugia aortica profilactica pregestacional con diametros aorticos ≥ 40 mm. Es importante un diagnostico precoz, un estudio pregestacional de toda la aorta, la administracion de bloqueadores beta y un estrecho seguimiento durante el embarazo, especialmente durante el ultimo trimestre y el posparto.

The Euclid mission of the European Space Agency will perform a survey of weak lensing cosmic shear and galaxy clustering in order to constrain cosmological models and fundamental physics. We expand and adjust the mock Euclid likelihoods of the MontePython software in order to match the exact recipes used in previous Euclid Fisher matrix forecasts for several probes: weak lensing cosmic shear, photometric galaxy clustering, the cross-correlation between the latter observables, and spectroscopic galaxy clustering. We also establish which precision settings are required when running the Einstein-Boltzmann solvers CLASS and CAMB in the context of Euclid. For the minimal cosmological model, extended to include dynamical dark energy, we perform Fisher matrix forecasts based directly on a numerical evaluation of second derivatives of the likelihood with respect to model parameters. We compare our results with those of other forecasting methods and tools. We show that such MontePython forecasts agree very well with previous Fisher forecasts published by the Euclid Collaboration, and also, with new forecasts produced by the CosmicFish code, now interfaced directly with the two Einstein-Boltzmann solvers CAMB and CLASS. Moreover, to establish the validity of the Gaussian approximation, we show that the Fisher matrix marginal error contours coincide with the credible regions obtained when running Monte Carlo Markov Chains with MontePython while using the exact same mock likelihoods. The new Euclid forecast pipelines presented here are ready for use with additional cosmological parameters, in order to explore extended cosmological models., 45 pages, 24 figures

The D4000 spectral break index is one of the most important features in the visible spectrum, as it is a proxy for stellar ages and is also used in galaxy classification. However, its direct measurement has always been reserved to spectroscopy. Here, we present a general method to directly measure the D4000 with narrow-band (NB) photometry; it has been validated using realistic simulations, and then evaluated with PAUS NBs, cross-matched with VIPERS spectra (iAB < 22.5, 0.562 < z < 0.967). We also reconstruct the D4000 with the SED-fitting code CIGALE; the use of PAUS NBs instead of broad-bands significantly improves the SED fitting results. For D4000n, the direct measurement has ⟨SNR⟩∼4⁠, but we find that for iAB < 21 all direct D4000 measurements have SNR>3⁠. The CIGALE D4000n has ⟨SNR⟩∼20⁠, but underestimates the error by >50 per cent. Furthermore, the direct method recreates well the D4000–SFR relation, as well as the D4000–mass relation for blue galaxies (for red galaxies, selection effects impact the results). On the other hand, CIGALE accurately classifies galaxies into red and blue populations. We conclude that the direct measurement of D4000 with narrow-band photometry is a promising tool to determine average properties of galaxy samples, with results compatible with spectroscopy., The PAU Survey is partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grants CSD2007-00060, AYA2015-71825, ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, MDM-2015-0509 and Juan de la Cierva fellowship and Latin American Chinese European Galaxy Formation Network (LACEGAL) and Enabling Weak Lensing Cosmology (EWC) Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant No 734374 and No 776247 with European Research Development Fund (ERDF) funds from the EU Horizon 2020 Programme, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IEEC and IFAE are partially funded by the Institució Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) and Beatriu de Pinos program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Funding for PAUS has also been provided by Durham University (via the European Research Council (ERC) StG DEGAS-259586), ETH Zurich, Leiden University (via ERC StG ADULT-279396 and Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) Vici grant 639.043.512), University College London and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 776247 EWC. The PAU data center is hosted by the Port d’Informació Científica (PIC), maintained through a collaboration of CIEMAT and IFAE, with additional support from Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and ERDF. We acknowledge the PIC services department team for their support and fruitful discussions. PR and ZC are supported by National Science Foundation of China (grant No. 12073014). The results published have been funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Maria Sklodowska-Curie (grant agreement No. 754510), the National Science Centre of Poland (grant UMO-2016/23/N/ST9/02963) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through Juan de la Cierva-formacion program (reference FJC2018-038792-I). AHW is supported by an ERC Consolidator Grant (No. 770935).

Z. Stone et al., We study the optical gri photometric variability of a sample of 190 quasars within the SDSS Stripe 82 region that have long-term photometric coverage during ∼1998−2020 with SDSS, PanSTARRS-1, the Dark Energy Survey, and dedicated follow-up monitoring with Blanco 4m/DECam. With on average ∼200 nightly epochs per quasar per filter band, we improve the parameter constraints from a Damped Random Walk (DRW) model fit to the light curves over previous studies with 10–15 yr baselines and ≲ 100 epochs. We find that the average damping time-scale τDRW continues to rise with increased baseline, reaching a median value of ∼750 d (g band) in the rest frame of these quasars using the 20-yr light curves. Some quasars may have gradual, long-term trends in their light curves, suggesting that either the DRW fit requires very long baselines to converge, or that the underlying variability is more complex than a single DRW process for these quasars. Using a subset of quasars with better-constrained τDRW (less than 20 per cent of the baseline), we confirm a weak wavelength dependence of τDRW∝λ0.51 ± 0.20. We further quantify optical variability of these quasars over days to decades time-scales using structure function (SF) and power spectrum density (PSD) analyses. The SF and PSD measurements qualitatively confirm the measured (hundreds of days) damping time-scales from the DRW fits. However, the ensemble PSD is steeper than that of a DRW on time-scales less than ∼ a month for these luminous quasars, and this second break point correlates with the longer DRW damping time-scale., ZS and YS acknowledge support from NSF grants AST-1715579 and AST-2009947, and NASA grant 80NSSC21K0775. Funding for the SDSS and SDSS-II has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, the Max Planck Society, and the Higher Education Funding Council for England. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA programme of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2).

Full list of authors: Silber, Joseph Harry; Fagrelius, Parker; Fanning, Kevin; Schubnell, Michael; Aguilar, Jessica Nicole; Ahlen, Steven; Ameel, Jon; Ballester, Otger; Baltay, Charles; Bebek, Chris; Beard, Dominic Benton; Besuner, Robert; Cardiel-Sas, Laia; Casas, Ricard; Castander, Francisco Javier; Claybaugh, Todd; Dobson, Carl; Duan, Yutong; Dunlop, Patrick; Edelstein, Jerry; Emmet, William T.; Elliott, Ann; Evatt, Matthew; Gershkovich, Irena; Guy, Julien; Harris, Stu; Heetderks, Henry; Heetderks, Ian; Honscheid, Klaus; Maria Illa, Jose; Jelinsky, Patrick; Jelinsky, Sharon R.; Jimenez, Jorge; Karcher, Armin; Kent, Stephen; Kirkby, David; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Lambert, Andrew; Lampton, Mike; Leitner, Daniela; Levi, Michael; McCauley, Jeremy; Meisner, Aaron; Miller, Timothy N.; Miquel, Ramon; Mundet, Julia; Poppett, Claire; Rabinowitz, David; Reil, Kevin; Roman, David; Schlegel, David; Serrano, Santiago; Van Shourt, William; Sprayberry, David; Tarle, Gregory; Tie, Suk Sien; Weaverdyck, Curtis; Zhang, Kai; Azzaro, Marco; Bailey, Stephen; Becerril, Santiago; Blackwell, Tami; Bouri, Mohamed; Brooks, David; Buckley-Geer, Elizabeth; Penate Castro, Jose; Derwent, Mark; Dey, Arjun; Dhungana, Govinda; Doel, Peter; Eisenstein, Daniel J.; Fahim, Nasib; Garcia-Bellido, Juan; Gaztanaga, Enrique; Gontcho, Satya Gontcho A.; Gutierrez, Gaston; Horler, Philipp; Kehoe, Robert; Kisner, Theodore; Kremin, Anthony; Kronig, Luzius; Landriau, Martin; Le Guillou, Laurent; Martini, Paul; Moustakas, John; Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie; Peng, Xiyan; Percival, Will; Prada, Francisco; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Gonzalez de Rivera, Guillermo; Sanchez, Eusebio; Sanchez, Justo; Sharples, Ray; Soares-Santos, Marcelle; Schlafly, Edward; Weaver, Benjamin Alan; Zhou, Zhimin; Zhu, Yaling; Zou, Hu; DESI Collaboration.--This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., A system of 5020 robotic fiber positioners was installed in 2019 on the Mayall Telescope, at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The robots automatically retarget their optical fibers every 10–20 minutes, each to a precision of several microns, with a reconfiguration time of fewer than 2 minutes. Over the next 5 yr, they will enable the newly constructed Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) to measure the spectra of 35 million galaxies and quasars. DESI will produce the largest 3D map of the universe to date and measure the expansion history of the cosmos. In addition to the 5020 robotic positioners and optical fibers, DESI's Focal Plane System includes six guide cameras, four wave front cameras, 123 fiducial point sources, and a metrology camera mounted at the primary mirror. The system also includes associated structural, thermal, and electrical systems. In all, it contains over 675,000 individual parts. We discuss the design, construction, quality control, and integration of all these components. We include a summary of the key requirements, the review and acceptance process, on-sky validations of requirements, and lessons learned for future multiobject, fiber-fed spectrographs. © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society., The authors in the Barcelona-Madrid Regional Participation Group (BCN-MAD RPG) wish to acknowledge support by MICIN under grants PID2019-111317 GB, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, MDM-2015-0509, and CEX2020-001058-M, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. M.A., S.B., N.F., F.P., G.G.R., and J.S. acknowledge support from the Spanish MICINN grants MultiDark CSD2009-00064, IFT-UAM/CSIC Severo Ochoa Award SEV-2012-0249 and AYA2014-60641-C2-1-P, CSIC-AVS contract through MICINN grant AYA2010-21231-C02-01 and CDTI grant IDC-20101033, and support from the Campus of International Excellence UAM+CSIC. This research is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility under the same contract; additional support for DESI is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Division of Astronomical Sciences under Contract No. AST-0950945 to the NSF's National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory; the Science and Technologies Facilities Council of the United Kingdom; the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA); the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACYT); the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain (MICINN), and by the DESI Member Institutions: https://www.desi.lbl.gov/collaborating-institutions., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence" accreditation (CEX2021-001131-S).

OBJECTIVESOur goal was to define characteristic patterns of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in non-infected patients with ascending aortic prosthetic grafts during the first year after surgery.METHODS18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively in 26 uninfected patients. Clinical, analytical and microbiological (blood culture) assessments were performed to confirm the absence of infection. FDG uptake intensity [measured through maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) and the target-to-background ratio] and distribution patterns were obtained. Models of generalized estimating equations were used to assess the evolution of the SUVmax over time. The results were compared to those in our endocarditis-over-ascending-aortic-graft series database. The receiver operating characteristic curves of the control group and the 12-month group were assessed.RESULTSAll patients showed increased uptake in all areas. The uptake pattern was heterogeneous in 47.4%, 43.5% and 42.3% at 3, 6 and 12 months. The means and standard deviations of the SUVmax in the graft were 4.80 (±0.99), 4.28 (±0.88) and 4.14 (±0.87) at 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. A comparison of all values obtained in the 6th and 12th months compared to those from the 3rd month revealed a slow decrease that may persist after the first year. The cut-off value of SUVmax of 4.24 had an overall sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 57.7% for patients seen at 12 months.CONCLUSIONSNon-infected ascending aortic grafts showed no predominant uptake pattern; they also showed increased 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose activity that could persist beyond the first year. Caution is therefore recommended when interpreting PET/CT images obtained during the first year after surgery.

Resumen Introduccion y objetivos La mortalidad en shock cardiogenico (SC), sobre todo en casos refractarios donde se emplean dispositivos de soporte circulatorio mecanico (SCM), es muy elevada. El objetivo es analizar los resultados de un programa de atencion a pacientes en SC tras la implementacion de un equipo multidisciplinario en nuestro centro y la organizacion en red con los hospitales del area. Metodos Estudio observacional retrospectivo de los pacientes atendidos desde septiembre de 2014 a enero de 2019. Se incluyo a los pacientes en SC refractario que precisaron SCM y aquellos que por edad y ausencia de comorbilidades pueden ser candidatos a tratamientos avanzados. El objetivo principal es evaluar la supervivencia hospitalaria. Resultados En total se incluyo a 130 pacientes (69 locales y 61 trasladados). La media de edad era 52 ± 15 anos (el 72% varones). Las etiologias predominantes de SC fueron la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda descompensada (29%), el infarto agudo de miocardio (26%) y el shock tras cardiotomia (25%). En 105 pacientes (81%) se empleo SCM, mayoritariamente oxigenador extracorporeo de membrana (58%). La supervivencia al alta hospitalaria fue del 57% (74 de 130 pacientes). Los principales destinos fueron la recuperacion miocardica y el trasplante cardiaco. La puntuacion SAPS II, el lactato, el infarto como etiologia del SC y la puntuacion de inotropicos y vasoactivos resultaron predictores independientes de mortalidad hospitalaria. Conclusiones La creacion de equipos multidisciplinarios para la atencion de pacientes en SC mayoritariamente refractario y la coordinacion en red con los hospitales del area son factibles y consiguen una supervivencia hospitalaria de mas de la mitad de los pacientes atendidos.

Introduction and objectives Mortality remains high in cardiogenic shock (CS), especially in refractory CS involving the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices. The aim of this study was to analyze the results of a care program for patients in CS after the creation of a multidisciplinary team in our center and a regional network of hospitals in our area. Methods Observational and retrospective study of patients attended in this program from September 2014 to January 2019. We included patients in refractory CS who required MCS and those who, because of their age and absence of comorbidities, were candidates for advanced therapies. The primary endpoint was survival to discharge. Results A total of 130 patients were included (69 local and 61 transferred patients). The mean age was 52 ± 15 years (72% men). The most frequent causes of CS were acute decompensated heart failure (29%), acute myocardial infarction (26%), and postcardiotomy CS (25%). MCS was used in 105 patients (81%), mostly extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (58%). Survival to discharge was 57% (74 of 130 patients). The most frequent destinations were myocardial recovery and heart transplant. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were SAPS II score, lactate level, acute myocardial infarction etiology, and vasoactive-inotropic score. Conclusions The creation of multidisciplinary teams for patients with mainly refractory CS and a regional network is feasible and allows survival to discharge in more than a half of attended patients with CS.

La caries dental es una de las patologías con mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial, afecta el bienestar de las personas y repercute en su calidad de vida. El indicador recomendado para conocer la historia de caries dental presente y pasada es a través del número de dientes Cariados, Perdidos y Obturados en la dentición permanente conocido como índice CPO-D Objetivo: El propósito fue relacionar la caries dental y el estado de ánimo en escolares de 12 años de edad de la parroquia Huayna-Cápac, de la ciudad de Cuenca, 2016. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, se analizó 152 fichas odontológicas que pertenecen a instituciones educativas de esta área urbana. La prueba estadística que se utilizó fue el Coeficiente de Concordancia Tau-b de Kendall con una confianza del 95%. Resultados: El nivel de CPO-D predominante fue el riesgo medio en el 25,7%, destacando en el sexo femenino, únicamente el 21,1% de los participantes percibió algún impacto en el estado de ánimo y se encontró un nivel de significancia mayor al 5% (p=0,851) entre el nivel de CPO-D y el estado de ánimo. Conclusión: A pesar de la ausencia de correlación entre las variables, el riesgo de caries dental es moderado por lo que es necesario continuar brindando educación preventiva en salud bucal, para mejorar los hábitos orales y por ende la incidencia de caries.

El presente estudio pretende analizar, ante el estado de emergencia sanitaria española (BOE Orden SND/232/2020) decretado por la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus 2019-nCoV, la situación en la que se encuentran los profesionales en formación del Servicio Murciano de Salud (SMS). Para ello se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo llevado a cabo a través de la recogida de datos mediante formulario directo, canalizado a través de la red que conforma el Comité de Empresa, habiéndose obtenido respuesta por parte de al menos un residente de cada uno de los servicios que conforman el SMS y alcanzando un tamaño de muestra que permite la total representatividad del colectivo a estudio. Se trata de un estudio que destaca por la rapidez de reclutamiento de la muestra y la rapidez en su redacción, lo que sirve como una importante herramienta para condicionar futuras políticas y decisiones en el ámbito de los profesionales en formación. La falta de acceso a material de protección por más de la mitad de la población a estudio junto con dificultades para el acceso a información actualizada por parte de la administración, son algunos de los resultados obtenidos tras el análisis de las respuestas. En general, existe una mayoría de residentes que continúan con su labor asistencial, que mantienen el número de guardias mensuales, que piensa que recibe formación oficial adecuada y que se está realizando un plan de contingencia apropiado. The present study intends to analyze the situation of professionals in training in the Murcian Health Service (SMS) during the state of sanitary emergency in Spain (BOE Order SND/232/2020) due to the pandemic of the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV. To achieve this objective, a descriptive study has been carried out through the collection of data via direct form, channeled through the network that makes up the Comité de Empresa. A response from at least one resident of each of the services that make up the SMS has been obtained. This has allowed a sample size that represents a large amount of the group under study. This is a study that stands out for the rapid acquisition and analysis of the sample, which serves as an important tool to condition future policies and decisions in the field of professionals in training. The lack of access to protection material for more than half of the population under study, as well as difficulties in accessing updated information from the administration are some of the results obtained after analyzing the responses. Overall, there is a majority of residents that continue with their work assistance and which maintain the same number of 24-hour shifts. It is also a main opinion that there is an appropriate health training and contingency plan against COVID-19.

The study objective was to assess the benefits of del Nido cardioplegia compared with cold blood cardioplegia solution in terms of myocardial protection during adult cardiac surgery.A total of 474 adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, heart valve surgery, thoracic aortic surgery, or combined procedures were randomized to the del Nido cardioplegia group (n = 234) or the cold blood cardioplegia solution group (n = 240) after provided informed consent. The primary end points assessed inotropic support requirements, severe cardiovascular events, and troponin trend within the first 48 hours of intensive care unit stay. Reperfusion arrhythmias, aortic crossclamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times, and other clinical perioperative variables were considered as secondary end points.No statistically significant differences were found regarding postoperative inotropic support requirements or the incidence of severe cardiovascular events. The del Nido cardioplegia group showed a higher return to spontaneous sinus rhythm (P.001), a lower number of defibrillation attempts (P.001), and an earlier peak troponin value in the postoperative period. Peak blood glucose levels and intravenous insulin requirements were significantly lower in the del Nido cardioplegia group. We found no significant differences regarding aortic crossclamp or cardiopulmonary bypass time. We did observe a lower incidence of postoperative stroke in the del Nido cardioplegia group (2.6% vs 6.7%; P= .035).del Nido cardioplegia can be used safely and with comparable outcomes compared with traditional cardioplegia solutions. Additional advantages over glycemic control, reperfusion arrhythmias, and its comfortable redosing interval make del Nido an interesting alternative for myocardial protection in adult cardiac surgery. A significant decrease in postoperative stroke will require further research to shed light on the results of this study. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a cytokine produced and secreted by immune cells in response to an infection, often in response to interferon (IFN) stimulation. In cancer, it has also been shown that IFN stimulates the production of TRAIL, and it has been proposed that this TRAIL can induce apoptosis in an autocrine or paracrine manner in different cancer cells. Yet, the mechanism mediating TRAIL upregulation and the implications of TRAIL as an apoptotic molecule in cancer cells are still poorly understood. We show here that in certain cancer cells, TRAIL is upregulated by enhancer clusters, potent genomic regulatory regions containing densely packed enhancers that have combinatorial and additive activity and that are usually found to be associated with cancer-promoting genes. Moreover, we found that TRAIL upregulation by IFNα is mediated by these enhancer clusters in breast and lung cancer cells. Surprisingly, IFNα stimulation leads to the intracellular accumulation of TRAIL protein in these cancer cells. Consequently, this TRAIL is not capable of inducing apoptosis. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanism behind the interferon-mediated upregulation of TRAIL and its protein accumulation in cancer cells. Further investigation is required to understand the role of intracellular TRAIL or depict the mechanisms mediating its apoptosis impairment in cancer cells.

Narrow-band imaging surveys allow the study of the spectral characteristics of galaxies without the need of performing their spectroscopic follow-up. In this work, we forward-model the Physics of the Accelerating Universe Survey (PAUS) narrow-band data. The aim is to improve the constraints on the spectral coefficients used to create the galaxy spectral energy distributions (SED) of the galaxy population model in Tortorelli et al. 2020. In that work, the model parameters were inferred from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) data using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC). This led to stringent constraints on the B-band galaxy luminosity function parameters, but left the spectral coefficients only broadly constrained. To address that, we perform an ABC inference using CFHTLS and PAUS data. This is the first time our approach combining forward-modelling and ABC is applied simultaneously to multiple datasets. We test the results of the ABC inference by comparing the narrow-band magnitudes of the observed and simulated galaxies using Principal Component Analysis, finding a very good agreement. Furthermore, we prove the scientific potential of the constrained galaxy population model to provide realistic stellar population properties by measuring them with the SED fitting code \textsc{CIGALE}. We use CFHTLS broad-band and PAUS narrow-band photometry for a flux-limited ($\mathrm{i}, 53 pages, 17 figures, Accepted for publication in JCAP

Stanford, S. A., et al., The Complete Calibration of the Color–Redshift Relation (C3R2) survey is obtaining spectroscopic redshifts in order to map the relation between galaxy color and redshift to a depth of i ∼ 24.5 (AB). The primary goal is to enable sufficiently accurate photometric redshifts for Stage iv dark energy projects, particularly Euclid and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (Roman), which are designed to constrain cosmological parameters through weak lensing. We present 676 new high-confidence spectroscopic redshifts obtained by the C3R2 survey in the 2017B–2019B semesters using the DEIMOS, LRIS, and MOSFIRE multiobject spectrographs on the Keck telescopes. Combined with the 4454 redshifts previously published by this project, the C3R2 survey has now obtained and published 5130 high-quality galaxy spectra and redshifts. If we restrict consideration to only the 0.2 < zp < 2.6 range of interest for the Euclid cosmological goals, then with the current data release, C3R2 has increased the spectroscopic redshift coverage of the Euclid color space from 51% (as reported by Masters et al.) to the current 91%. Once completed and combined with extensive data collected by other spectroscopic surveys, C3R2 should provide the spectroscopic calibration set needed to enable photometric redshifts to meet the cosmology requirements for Euclid, and make significant headway toward solving the problem for Roman.

Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: ESPAMACS es el registro de asistencia circulatoria y respiratoria de la SECTCV. Empezó su funcionamiento en 2013, como evolución del anterior registro del Grupo de Trabajo de Asistencia Circulatoria. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar un resumen de la actividad realizada en los 2 últimos años. Métodos: ESPAMACS es un registro voluntario. Se ha hecho una revisión retrospectiva de todos los dispositivos registrados en ESPAMACS en el período 2017-2018. Resultados: En este período de tiempo se incluyeron en ESPAMACS 35 implantes de larga duración y 378 implantes de corta duración (303 membranas de oxigenación extracorpórea, 30 asistencias biventriculares, 41 asistencias ventriculares izquierdas y 5 asistencias ventriculares derechas).La supervivencia hospitalaria de los dispositivos de larga duración fue del 80%. Los dispositivos de corta duración presentan supervivencias que oscilan entre el 25% y el 60% según el dispositivo. Conclusiones: El implante de dispositivos de larga duración ha experimentado un ligero aumento respecto a años previos. Se ha registrado un gran número de implantes de membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea con múltiples indicaciones. Los resultados son similares a los de años previos. Abstract: Introduction and objectives: ESPAMACS is the SECTCV's registry for circulatory and respiratory support. It started functioning on 2013 as an evolution of the prior registry from the Grupo de Trabajo de Asistencia Circulatoria. The objective of the current manuscript is presenting a summary of the activity registered. Methods: ESPAMACS is a voluntary registry. Authors have performed a retrospective review of all devices registered between 2017 and 2018. Results: Between 2017-2018, 35 long-term support devices were registered. A number of 378 short-term devices were included in the registry during the same period (303 extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 30 biventricular assist device, 41 left ventricular assist device y 5 right ventricular assist device).Hospital survival for long-term devices was 80%. Short-term devices present lower rates of survival that varies between 25 and 60%. Conclusions: Long-term devices show a steady increase from previous years. There is a significant increase in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation implant, for multiple indications. Despite this growing in the number of implants, results remain similar to previous years. Palabras clave: Registro, Asistencia ventricular, Membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea, Corta duración, Larga duración, Keywords: Registry, Ventricular assist device, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Short-term, Long-term

Spin-transfer torque nano-oscillators (STNO) are important candidates for several applications based on ultra-tunable microwave generation and detection. The microwave dynamics in these STNOs are induced by spin currents that are typically generated either by spin polarization in an adjacent ferromagnetic layer or through the spin Hall effect. In this paper, a 3-terminal STNO based on a magnetic tunnel junction is excited by both of these spin injection mechanisms. The combination of these two mechanisms excites the free layer into dynamic regimes beyond what can be achieved by each excitation mechanism individually, resulting in enhanced output powers, a key figures of merit for device performance. The system response can be coherently quantified as a function of the total injected spin current density. The experimental data shows an excellent consistency with this simple model and a critical spin current density of 4.52 ± 0.18 × 109ħ/2 e−1 Am−2. Spin torque nano-oscillators are important candidates for several device applications. The authors demonstrate that the combination of two excitation methods, spin-polarised tunnelling current and pure spin Hall current, allows them to achieve greater injected spin current densities and power output than by each individual mechanism.

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights, following guidelines of ius cogens and soft law in relation with the victim’s rights, has created rules of probative flexibilization to guarantee the effective jurisdictional tutelage to the victims of serious human rights violations. Thanks to this scenario, in Colombia, due of the legal-procedural design that has been created in virtue of the armed conflict, practices used in the ISHR have been insufficiently adopted in terms of probative flexibilization and the use of equity. The tools provided conforming to IHRL and IHL, when it will be adopted in a more comprehensive way, will provide more guarantees for victims, and will be a great practical and hermeneutical assistance to the damage judge to base their decisions for integral reparation incidents and direct reparation processes when they were related with serious violations of human rights.

Andrade-Oliveira, F., et al. (DES Collaboration), We perform an analysis in harmonic space of the Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Data (DES-Y1) galaxy clustering photometric data using products obtained for the real-space analysis. We test our pipeline with a suite of lognormal simulations, which are used to validate scale cuts in harmonic space as well as to provide a covariance matrix that takes into account the DES-Y1 mask. We then apply this pipeline to DES-Y1 data taking into account survey property maps derived for the real-space analysis. We compare with real-space DES-Y1 results obtained from a similar pipeline. We show that the harmonic space analysis we develop yields results that are compatible with the real-space analysis for the bias parameters. This verification paves the way to performing a harmonic space analysis for the upcoming DES-Y3 data., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.

Grandis, S., et al. (DES Colaboration), We perform a cross validation of the cluster catalogue selected by the red-sequence Matched-filter Probabilistic Percolation algorithm (redMaPPer) in Dark Energy Survey year 1 (DES-Y1) data by matching it with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) selected cluster catalogue from the South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. Of the 1005 redMaPPer selected clusters with measured richness $\hat{\lambda }\gt 40$ in the joint footprint, 207 are confirmed by SPT-SZ. Using the mass information from the SZE signal, we calibrate the richness-mass relation using a Bayesian cluster population model. We find a mass trend λ ∝ MB consistent with a linear relation (B ∼1), no significant redshift evolution and an intrinsic scatter in richness of σλ = 0.22 ± 0.06. By considering two error models, we explore the impact of projection effects on the richness-mass modelling, confirming that such effects are not detectable at the current level of systematic uncertainties. At low richness SPT-SZ confirms fewer redMaPPer clusters than expected. We interpret this richness dependent deficit in confirmed systems as due to the increased presence at low richness of low-mass objects not correctly accounted for by our richness-mass scatter model, which we call contaminants. At a richness $\hat{\lambda }=40$, this population makes up ${\gt}12{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (97.5 percentile) of the total population. Extrapolating this to a measured richness $\hat{\lambda }=20$ yields ${\gt}22{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ (97.5 percentile). With these contamination fractions, the predicted redMaPPer number counts in different plausible cosmologies are compatible with the measured abundance. The presence of such a population is also a plausible explanation for the different mass trends (B ∼0.75) obtained from mass calibration using purely optically selected clusters. The mean mass from stacked weak lensing (WL) measurements suggests that these low-mass contaminants are galaxy groups with masses ∼3-5 × 1013 M⊙ which are beyond the sensitivity of current SZE and X-ray surveys but a natural target for SPT-3G and eROSITA., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MINECO under grants AYA2015-71825, ESP2015-66861, FPA2015-68048, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) e-Universe (CNPq grant 465376/2014-2).

Shin, T., et al., We present measurements of the radial profiles of the mass and galaxy number density around Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ)-selected clusters using both weak lensing and galaxy counts. The clusters are selected from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Data Release 5 and the galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 data set. With signal-to-noise ratio of 62 (45) for galaxy (weak lensing) profiles over scales of about 0.2–20 h Mpc, these are the highest precision measurements for SZ-selected clusters to date. Because SZ selection closely approximates mass selection, these measurements enable several tests of theoretical models of the mass and light distribution around clusters. Our main findings are: (1) The splashback feature is detected at a consistent location in both the mass and galaxy profiles and its location is consistent with predictions of cold dark matter N-body simulations. (2) The full mass profile is also consistent with the simulations. (3) The shapes of the galaxy and lensing profiles are remarkably similar for our sample over the entire range of scales, from well inside the cluster halo to the quasilinear regime. We measure the dependence of the profile shapes on the galaxy sample, redshift, and cluster mass. We extend the Diemer & Kravtsov model for the cluster profiles to the linear regime using perturbation theory and show that it provides a good match to the measured profiles. We also compare the measured profiles to predictions of the standard halo model and simulations that include hydrodynamics. Applications of these results to cluster mass estimation, cosmology, and astrophysics are discussed., The DES data management system is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Numbers AST-1138766 and AST-1536171. The DES participants from Spanish institutions are partially supported by MICINN under grants ESP2017-89838, PGC2018-094773, PGC2018-102021, SEV-2016-0588, SEV-2016-0597, and MDM-2015-0509, some of which include ERDF funds from the European Union. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. Research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) including ERC grant agreements 240672, 291329, and 306478. We acknowledge support from the Brazilian Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCT) do e-Universo (CNPq grant no. 465376/2014-2).

We present deep $g$- and $r$-band Magellan/Megacam photometry of two dwarf galaxy candidates discovered in the Dark Energy Survey (DES), Grus I and Indus II (DES J2038-4609). For the case of Grus I, we resolved the main sequence turn-off (MSTO) and $\sim 2$ mags below it. The MSTO can be seen at $g_0\sim 24$ with a photometric uncertainty of $0.03$ mag. We show Grus I to be consistent with an old, metal-poor ($\sim 13.3$ Gyr, [Fe/H]$\sim-1.9$) dwarf galaxy. We derive updated distance and structural parameters for Grus I using this deep, uniform, wide-field data set. We find an azimuthally averaged half-light radius more than two times larger ($\sim 151^{+21}_{-31}$ pc; $\sim 4.^{\prime} 16^{+0.54}_{-0.74}$) and an absolute $V$-band magnitude $\sim-4.1$ that is $\sim 1$ magnitude brighter than previous studies. We obtain updated distance, ellipticity, and centroid parameters which are in agreement with other studies within uncertainties. Although our photometry of Indus II is $\sim 2-3$ magnitudes deeper than the DES Y1 Public release, we find no coherent stellar population at its reported location. The original detection was located in an incomplete region of sky in the DES Y2Q1 data set and was flagged due to potential blue horizontal branch member stars. The best fit isochrone parameters are physically inconsistent with both dwarf galaxies and globular clusters. We conclude that Indus II is likely a false-positive, flagged due to a chance alignment of stars along the line of sight., 16 pages, 8 figures; submitted to ApJ