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2023 Acuerdos transformativos CRUE, Background: Real-time PCR is the diagnostic technique of choice for the diagnosis and control of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in an outbreak setting. The presence of EHV-1 in nasal swabs (NS), whole blood, brain and spinal cord samples has been extensively described; however, there are no reports on the excretion of EHV-1 in urine, its DNA detection patterns, and the role of urine in viral spread during an outbreak. Objectives: To determine the presence of EHV-1 DNA in urine during natural infection and to compare the DNA detection patterns of EHV-1 in urine, buffy coat (BC) and NS. Study design: Descriptive study of natural infection. Methods: Urine and whole blood/NS samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation of 21 horses involved in two EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy outbreaks in 2021 and 2023 in Spain. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to compare the viral DNA load between BC-urine samples in 2021 and NS-urine samples in 2023. Sex, age, breed, presence of neurological signs, EHV-1 vaccination status and treatment data were recorded for all horses. Results: A total of 18 hospitalised horses during the 2021 and 2023 outbreaks were positive for EHV-1, and viral DNA was detected in urine samples from a total of 11 horses in both outbreaks. Compared with BC samples, DNA presence was detected in urine samples for longer duration and with slightly higher concentration; however, compared with NS, detection of EHV-1 in urine was similar in duration with lower DNA concentrations. Main limitations: Limited sample size, different sampling times and protocols (BC vs. NS) in two natural infection outbreak settings. Conclusions: EHV-1 was detected in the urine from naturally infected horses. Urine should be considered as complimentary to blood and NS in diagnosis of EHV-1 infection., Depto. de Sanidad Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria, FALSE, pub, APC financiada por la UCM

2023 Acuerdos transformativos CRUE, A 7-day-old, 60 kg, Purebred Spanish Horse filly was referred with the mare to Complutense University of Madrid, Veterinary teaching hospital for elective omphalectomy. Upon admission, clinical examination was unremarkable except for a thickening of the umbilical area. Haematology and biochemistry values were within the normal range. On abdominal ultrasound (US) examination, a well-defined, rounded (24 mm of diameter) area that contained heterogeneous material with numerous hyperechoic foci with acoustic shadowing was seen within the inner portion of the umbilical pedicle, between both umbilical arteries. Surgical correction with omphalectomy was scheduled. To provide perioperative analgesia, the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block was considered. Under general anaesthesia, TAP block was performed in both left and right hemi-abdominal walls with a modified subcostal approach with two-site injections. A spinal needle was inserted under US guidance. During surgery, end-tidal concentration of isoflurane was maintained at 0.7%–0.9%. Surgery was completed uneventfully and no signs of nociceptive input were observed, suggesting an adequate level of analgesia. Therefore, this TAP block technique may be considered to provide analgesia for surgical procedures involving the abdominal wall in foals., Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, FALSE, pub, APC financiada por la UCM

La anestesia general inhalatoria en caballos produce depresión del sistema cardiorrespiratorio que junto con el manejo perianestésico característico de esta especie (inducción y recuperación) puede causar complicaciones como parada cardiorrespiratoria, fracturas o miopatías que terminen con la muerte o sacrificio del paciente (Bidwell et al., 2007; Johnston et al., 2002; Johnston, 2005;Senior, 2013). La mortalidad anestésica en équidos es muy superior a la descrita en humana o en pequeños animales, situándose en 0,6% en anestesia no relacionadas con cólico (Brodbelt, 2009;Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021).La realización de procedimientos diagnósticos y quirúrgicos en estación mediante sedación profunda permite reducir el riesgo asociado a la anestesia general (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021;Toppen et al., 2017). Estos procedimientos pueden realizarse mediante la administración de fármacos sedantes y analgésicos que se combinan con técnicas de anestesia y analgesia locorregional (Michou & Leece, 2012a, 2012b). Estas combinaciones deben proveer una sedación e inmovilización del paciente adecuados y una potente analgesia perioperatoria con un grado mínimo de ataxia y de depresión cardiorrespiratoria..., General anesthesia in horses produces depression of the cardiorespiratory system that together with the perianesthetic management characteristic of this species (induction and recovery) can cause complications such as cardiorespiratory arrest, fractures or myopathies that can lead to death or sacrifice of the patient (Bidwell et al., 2007; Johnston et al., 2002; Johnston, 2005;Senior, 2013). The anesthetic mortality in equidae is much higher than that described in humans or small animals, with a currently incidence of 0.6% in anesthetic procedures not related to colic (Brodbelt, 2009; Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021). Standing diagnostic and surgical procedures under deep sedation reduces the associated risk with anesthesia (Gozalo-Marcilla et al., 2021; Toppen et al., 2017). These procedures can be performed administering sedative and analgesic drugs that are combined with locoregional anesthesia and analgesia techniques (Michou & Leece, 2012a, 2012b). These combinations should provide adequate sedation and immobilization of the patient, potent perioperative analgesia with a minimum degree of ataxia and cardiorespiratory depression...

Standing surgery under sedation reduces anesthetic-related mortality in horses. Medetomidine, alone and combined with morphine in a constant rate infusion (CRI), has been described for standing surgery but their cardiorespiratory, sedative and antinociceptive effects have never been compared. The addition of ketamine could improve analgesia in these procedures with minimal cardiorespiratory consequences. The objectives were to compare the cardiorespiratory effects, quality of sedation, antinociception and ataxia produced by administration of a medetomidine-based CRI with morphine, ketamine or both, in standing horses. A prospective, blind, randomized crossover, experimental design with six healthy adult horses was performed, in which four treatments were administered to all horses with at least two weeks of washout period: medetomidine (M); medetomidine and ketamine (MK); medetomidine and morphine (MMo); and medetomidine, morphine and ketamine (MMoK). Dosages were the same in all treatment groups: medetomidine at 5 µg/kg bwt followed by 5 µg/kg bwt/h, ketamine at 0.4 mg/kg/h and morphine at 50 µg/kg bwt, followed by morphine 30 µg/kg bwt/h. Drug infusions were maintained for 120 min. Cardiorespiratory variables, sedation degree and antinociceptive effects were evaluated during the procedure. All combinations produced similar sedation and antinociceptive effects and no clinically relevant alterations in cardiorespiratory variables occurred. Medetomidine CRI combined with morphine, ketamine or both are suitable and safe protocols for standing sedation in horses and the addition of morphine and/or ketamine did not cause any negative effect but no improving effect on sedation and antinociception was detected., Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Depto. de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Fac. de Veterinaria, TRUE, pub

El proyecto actual se ha centrado en el desarrollo de modelos no virtuales. La adquisición de habilidades prácticas sigue diferentes pasos en la curva de aprendizaje y, para ello, es necesario partir de un conocimiento de las bases teóricas y observar previamente el procedimiento. Sin embargo, el alumno debe de llevar a cabo el procedimiento por si mismo. En la actualidad esto se realiza con cadáveres y animales vivos, lo cual está limitado por el cada vez más complicado acceso a los primeros y la estricta normativa vigente sobre bienestar animal. Por esta razón, hemos pretendido crear simuladores que suplan las limitaciones actuales. De tal manera, hemos comenzado con la creación de un modelo de artroscopia equina con la articulación radiocarpiana que facilite, por un lado, el entendimiento de la anatomía artroscopia de las articulaciones equinas y, por otro lado, el desarrollo de sus habilidades prácticas.

Los códigos QR se utilizan actualmente como herramienta docente de gran utilidad ya que permiten al alumno emplear las nuevas tecnologías para el aprendizaje. Con este proyecto pretendemos acercar la actividad clínica equina al alumno de veterinaria.

La endoscopia es una técnica diagnóstica y terapéutica, mínimamente invasiva, imprescindible para la clínica equina. Pero además, es una técnica, que al ser altamente visual, es perfecta para fijar y mejorar los conocimientos de anatomía, fisiología y patología, en nuestro caso en concreto, de las vías respiratorias del caballo. Este atlas contiene información básica sobre los aspectos técnicos de la endoscopia respiratoria del caballo y los principales hallazgos fisiológicos y patológicos de la misma.

El cólico es la causa más importante de muerte en el caballo y hasta un 17% de los individuos que lo padecen requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Este tratamiento tiene un coste económico y emocional importante para el propietario por lo que el veterinario debe poder ofrecer un pronóstico en referencia al riesgo de mortalidad del caballo en el periodo perioperatorio. La identificación de los factores de riesgo de mortalidad así como los modelos predictivos desarrollados hasta el momento han demostrado su utilidad y están basados principalmente en el análisis de variables preoperatorias clínicas y laboratoriales y quirúrgicas intraoperatorias. Estos estudios destacan un aumento del riesgo de muerte asociado al compromiso cardiovascular, la duración de la cirugía y la patología. Hasta el momento no se han realizado estudios que tengan en cuenta como posibles factores de riesgo los parámetros monitorizados en el procedimiento anestésico. Estos parámetros presentan ventajas que incluyen una mayor precisión, ya que su medición no depende del criterio subjetivo de un observador, y que describen el estado cardiovascular y ventilatorio del paciente que, como se ha comprobado en el periodo preoperatorio, son factores de riesgo de mortalidad en caballos operados de cólico. Además los modelos pronósticos de mortalidad desarrollados tampoco han tenido en cuenta dichas variables anestésicas..., Colic is the leading cause of death in horses and up to 17% of the individuals who suffer require surgical treatment. This treatment has an important economic and emotional cost of ownership so the veterinarian should be able to offer a prognosis of the risk of mortality in the perioperative period. The identification of risk factors for mortality and predictive models developed so far have proved their usefulness and are based mainly on the analysis of preoperative clinical and laboratory, and perioperative surgical variables. These studies highlight an increased risk of death associated with the cardiovascular status, duration of surgery and pathology or disease problem causing the colic. So far there have been no studies that consider, as potential risk factors, the parameters monitored in the perianaesthetic period. These parameters have advantages including greater precision, since its measurement does not depend on the subjective judgment of an observer, assessing the cardiovascular and ventilatory status of the patient, already considered risk factors in the preoperative period. Also prognostic mortality models developed have not taken into account variables such those gathered during the anaesthetic period...