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Este libro pretende aportar información sobre la polinización y la importancia de los polinizadores para los arándanos en Sudamérica, principalmente en Argentina, Brasil y Chile.

Este livro visa fornecer informações sobre a polinização e a importância dos polinizadores para o mirtileiro na América do Sul, principalmente na Argentina, no Brasil e no Chile.

This book aims to provide information on pollination and the importance of pollinators for blueberries in South America, mainly in Argentina, Brazil and Chile.

Cryptachaea benivia Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015 Fig. 32 New record. BRAZIL. S��o Paulo, Mau��, Jardim Itapeva, Cave Gruta de Santa Luzia (23��40'17''S; 46��23'49''W), 9 F, A. Macedo coll., 2004 (IBSP 62693). Distribution. Bol��via (Beni) and cave in the state of S��o Paulo, Brazil (Fig. 32)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2019, On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae), pp. 271-292 in Zootaxa 4646 (2) on page 285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3349449, {"references":["Rodrigues, E. N. L. & Poeta, M. R. M. (2015) Twelve new Neotropical species of the spider genus Cryptachaea (Araneae: Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology, 43, 26 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / K 14 - 47.1"]}

Cryptachaea jequirituba (Levi, 1963) Fig. 33 New record. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Matozinhos, Mocambeiros, Cave MOC-105 (19°32'56''S; 44°01'05''W), 1 F, F. P. Franco & C. A. R. Souza et al. coll., 04–15.IV.2011 (IBSP 180252). Distribution. Argentina (Misiones) and Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) (Fig. 33)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2019, On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae), pp. 271-292 in Zootaxa 4646 (2) on page 285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3349449, {"references":["Levi, H. W. (1963) American spiders of the genus Achaearanea and the new genus Echinotheridion (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 129, 187 - 240."]}

Cryptachaea migrans (Keyserling, 1884) Figs. 15–19, 26–31, 33 Theridium migrans Keyserling, 1884: 18, pl. 1, fig. 6, female lectotype from Lechugal, Tumbes, Peru, in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, examined. Tidarren fordum luctuosum Caporiacco, 1954: 77, female holotype from St. Jean du Maroni, French Guiana, in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, (synonymized by Levi, 1963: 225). Achaearanea migrans: Levi, 1963: 225 (transferred from Theridion). Cryptachaea migrans: Yoshida, 2008: 39 (transferred from Achaearanea). Achaearanea uviana Levi, 1963: 218, fig. 44, male holotype from Utcuyacu, Junín, 1600–2200m elev., Peru, 4 April 1948, F. Woytkowski leg., in the American Museum of Natural History, examined. New Synonymy. Cryptachaea uviana: Yoshida, 2008: 39 (transferred from Achaearanea). Note. Keyserling (1884) described Cryptachaea migrans based on the female from Peru and Levi (1963) described Cryptachaea uviana based on the male from Peru too. From the examination of the types, the drawings by Levi (1963) and the examination of some males and females collected together in many localities in Brazil (Volta Redonda, state of Rio de Janeiro, in Canaã dos Carajás, state of Pará and Antonina, state of Paraná), and Bolivia (Beni) and male and female have the same color pattern, made it clear that these names are synonyms. Here we present for the first time SEM images of the male palp (Figs. 26–30) and of the epigynum (Fig. 31) of this species, illustrations of the male and female (Figs. 15–17), and photos of the both sexes (Figs. 18, 19). Diagnosis. The male palpus of Cryptachaea migrans resembles that of Cryptachaea altiventer (Keyserling, 1884) (see Levi, 1963: fig. 45), by the shape of cymbium, with projected apex and conductor which follows the path of the embolus to the apex (Figs. 15, 26–29), but differs by the curved embolus and slender conductor, apex of the cymbium elongated, hood-shaped (hat) (Fig. 15, 26–29). The epigynum has a pair of oval spermathecae (Fig. 17), two copulatory openings located in the medial region of the epigynal plate (Fig. 16) and copulatory ducts forming a loop (Fig. 17) as in Cryptachaea anastema (Levi, 1963) (see, Levi, 1963: fig. 57,58), but differs by having the copulatory ducts longer and fertilizations ducts longer, forming a loop (Fig. 17). Description. Male (IBSP 174281): Total length 1.36. Carapace: length 0.64, width 0.51. Clypeus height: 0.13. Sternum: length 0.40, width 0.37. Chelicerae: length 0.17, width 0.06. Abdomen: length: 0.71, width 0.51, height 0.61. Leg formula IV/II/I/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.85/0.51/0.40/0.64; patellae+tibiae 0.78/0.54/0.37/0.54; metatarsi+tarsi-/0.71/0.37/0.71; total: 1.63/1.77/1.15/1.90. Palp: femora 0.03, patellae 0.06, tibiae 0.03, cymbium 0.37. AME are the largest. Eyes with dark borders (Fig. 18). Carapace oval, dark brown with dark borders (Fig. 18). Clypeus brown, laterally concave. Chelicerae yellow with brown spots. Labium yellow, subquadrangular. Endites yellow, subquadrangular. Sternum brown. Legs grayish brown, except femora yellow. Abdomen oval (Fig. 18), black with a white stripe going down on each side and a pair of white spots side by side on venter, ventrally brown. Spinnerets yellow. The male palpus have the cymbium long, expanded at its tip (Figs. 15, 26–29), tarsal organ developed (Fig. 30), conductor with laminar shape and pointed distal end (Figs. 15, 26–28), embolus with strong base (Figs. 15, 26, 27) and the tegulum subcircular and larger (Figs. 15, 26–28), with light sinuous ducts (Fig. 15). Cymbium with many long macrosetae (Figs. 26–30). Female (IBSP 174282). Total length 3.84. Carapace: length 1.49, width 1.22. Clypeus height: 0.23. Sternum: length 0.81, width 0.78. Chelicerae: length 0.44, width 0.17. Abdomen: length: 2.17, width 1.87, height 1.80. Leg formula I/IV/II/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 1.84/1.56/1.15/1.87; patellae+tibiae 2.41/1.42/1.02/1.66; metatarsi+tarsi 2.89/1.80/1.36/2.14; total: 7.15/4.79/3.53/5.67. Palp: femora 0.27, patellae 0.17, tibiae 0.20, tarsi 0.37. All eyes with the same size. Carapace, clypeus, chelicerae, labium, endites and sternum as in male. Legs yellow, except distally brown (Fig. 19). Femur I presence of a comb of bristles distributed serially in ventral view. Abdomen oval (Fig. 19), dark brown with white stripes on dorsum, ventrally brown with a white spot on the venter. Epigynum (Fig. 16, 17, 31) with spermathecae oval, copulatory ducts non-sinuous (Fig. 17), and curved fertilization ducts (Fig. 17). Variation. The color pattern is quite variable in both sexes from dark brown to brown in carapace. The white spots in the abdomen can be further dispersed. The legs may be lighter, light yellow to brown. Males (n=5): Total length 1.15–1.36. Carapace: length 0.61–0.64, width 0.47–0.51. Femur leg I 0.85–0.91. Females (n= 8): Total length 3.29–4.11. Carapace: length 1.32–1.49, width 1.15–1.22. Femur leg I 1.84–2.55. Distribution. Venezuela, British Guiana, French Guiana, Brazil (states of Amazonas, Pará, Alagoas, Espírito Santo, and Paraná), Peru and Bolivia (Fig. 33). Material examined. Epigean material: PERU: Madre de Dios, Zona Reservada Tambopata (12°55'57''S; 69°16'50''W), 1M, D. Silva coll., 19.V.1988 (MCN 17802); BOLÍVIA: Beni, Beni Biological Station (14°38'34''S; 66°17'54''W), 1 M, H. Höfer & A. D. Brescovit coll., 27–29.VII.1997 (MCN 24676), 1M (MCN 24686); BRAZIL: Amazonas, Manaus, Fazenda Esteio Km 41 (2°54'1''S; 60°7'7'W'), 1 F, A. D. Brescovit coll., I.1994 (MCN 25133); Cave material: Pará, Parauapebas, FLONA de Carajás, Cave N4E_0089 (GEM-1562) (6°1'59''S; 50°9'6''W), 1M, 24–30.VII.2009 (IBSP 175378); Cave S11D_0059 (705) (6°24'27702''S; 50°18'46''W), 1F, 01–14.VII.2010 (IBSP 174297); Cave S11D_0074 (720) (6°23'33576''S; 50°19'7''W), 1F, 13–30.I.2010 (IBSP 175825); Cave S11_0008 (S11-08) (6°25'14304''S; 50°17'12''W), 1F, 03–19.VIII.2010 (IBSP 175865); Cave S11_0022 (S11-22) (6°25'3''S; 50°18'7''W), 1F, 03–19.VIII.2010 (IBSP 175867); Cave S11_0023 (S11-23) (6°25'24''S; 50°18'0''W), 1F, 24.II–04.III.2010 (IBSP 174278); Cave S11_0025 (S11-25) (6°25'19''S; 50°18'20''W), 1F, 24.II–04.III.2010 (IBSP 175836), 1M, 03–19.VIII.2010 (IBSP 174279); Cave CAV_0025 (CAV-25) (6°24'56''S; 50°21'40''W), 1F, 22–31.V.2010 (IBSP 175847); Cave CAV_0028 (CAV-28) (6°24'32”S; 50°22'9''W), 1F, 22–31.V.2010 (IBSP 175849); Cave CAV_0032 (CAV-32) (6°25'36''S; 50°19'26''W), 1F, 22–31.V.2010 (IBSP 175850); Cave CAV_0009 (CAV _09) (6°25'21''S; 50°19'32''W), 1F, 22–28.IX.2010 (IBSP 175857) all collected by R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas et al.; Serra da Bocaina, Cave SB_0011 (GEM-1431) (6°17'7''S; 49°55'35''W), 1F, 29.VIII–27.IX.2012 (IBSP 183367); Cave SB_0021 (GEM-1441) (6°19'29''S; 49°58'24''W), 1F, 01.IV.2011 (IBSP 183365); Cave SB_0090 (GEM-1506) (6°18'38''S; 49°54'40''W), 1F, 10–31.I.2013 (IBSP 183368); Cave SB_0094 (GEM-1510) (6°18'1''S; 49°57'9''W), 1F, 29.VIII–27.IX.2012 (IBSP 174280); Cave SB_0109 (6°21192'0''S; 49°58'35''W), 1M, 10–31.I.2013 (IBSP 174281); Cave SB_0112 (GEM-1525) (6°21'11''S; 49°58'35''W), 1F, 20–26.VI.2013 (IBSP 183577); Cave SB_0114 (GEM-1527) (6°21'10''S; 49°58'37''W), 2F, 20–26.VI.2013 (IBSP 174282), 2F, 10–31.I.2013 (IBSP 183371), 1F (IBSP 183372); Cave SB_0115 (GEM-1528) (6°21'12''S; 49°58'37''W), 1F, 20.IX–01.X.2011 (IBSP 183366); Cave SB_0119 (GEM-1539) (6°21'12''S; 49°58'43''W), 1F, 10–31.I.2013 (IBSP 183370); Cave SB_0124 (GEM-1592) (6°21'15''S; 49°59'8''W), 2F, 10–31.I.2013 (IBSP 183369); Cave SB_0170 (6°18'36''S; 50°0'10''W), 1F, 08–22.V.2013 (IBSP 183573), 1M, 10–20.IX.2013 (IBSP 174283); Cave SB_0185 (6°20'39156''S; 49°58'15''W), 1F, 08–22.V.2013 (IBSP 183574), 1M (IBSP 183575); Cave SB_0220 (6°18'3''S; 49°57'56''W), 1F, 08–22.V.2013 (IBSP 183576); Cave SB_0231 (6°20'31''S; 49°59'43''W), 1M, 13–23.II.2014 (IBSP 183579); Cave SB_0234 (6°20'27''S; 49°54'17''W), 1M, 12–22.X.2013 (IBSP 183578) all collected by C. A. R. Souza & J. Mascarenhas et al. coll.; Alagoas, Murici, Estação Ecológica de Murici (9°15'S; 35°51''W), 1M, Equipe Biota coll., 13–22.IX.2003 (MCN 43784); Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Cicuta (2°12'S; 43°16'W), 1M, Equipe Biota coll., 11–18.VI.2001 (MCN 42346), 1M (MCN 42381), 1M (MCN 42382); Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira (25°25'53''S; 48°44'39''W), 1M, 2 F, E. Alvares coll., 23.IX.2005 (MCN 45899)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2019, On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae), pp. 271-292 in Zootaxa 4646 (2) on pages 280-284, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3349449, {"references":["Keyserling, E. (1884). Die Spinnen Amerikas II. Theridiidae. Nurnberg, 1, 1 - 222.","Caporiacco, L. di (1954) Araignees de la Guyane Francaise du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Commentationes Pontificia Academia Scientiarum, 16, 45 - 193","Levi, H. W. (1963) American spiders of the genus Achaearanea and the new genus Echinotheridion (Araneae, Theridiidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 129, 187 - 240.","Yoshida, H. (2008) A revision of the genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta Arachnologica, 1, 37 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 57.37"]}

Cryptachaea Archer, 1946 Type species. Cryptachaea porteri (Banks, 1896) Diagnosis. Cryptachaea species lack the theridiid tegular apophysis, and as other members of the subfamily, also lack a colulus (Agnarsson, 2004; Buckup et al., 2012; Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015). The genus is similar to Achaearanea Strand, 1929, Hentziectypus Archer, 1946 and Parasteatoda Archer, 1946, however can be distinguished from these genera by the male palp with a medium to short embolus, which is not articulated and not supported on the back of the cymbium; the base is fused to the median apophysis lodged in the cymbial hood (Agnarsson, 2004; Yoshida, 2008; Buckup et al., 2012; Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015). The epigynum of Cryptachaea has simple, uncoiled copulatory ducts leading to a pair of simple subcircular spermathecae and a slightly sclerotized epigynal plate (Agnarsson, 2004; Buckup et al., 2012; Rodrigues & Poeta, 2015). Composition and distribution. 90 species, including the new species described here. Cryptachaea includes 73 species exclusive from Neotropical Region, seven species exclusive to the Nearctic Region, five species exclusive to the Palearctic Region, three species exclusive to the Australian Region, one species shared between Neotropical Region and Nearctic Region, and one species shared between Neotropical Region, Nearctic Region, Palearctic Region, Afrotropical Region and Australian Region., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2019, On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae), pp. 271-292 in Zootaxa 4646 (2) on page 272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3349449, {"references":["Agnarsson, I. (2004) Morphological phylogeny of combweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Theridiidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 141, 447 - 626. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2004.00120. x","Buckup, E. H., Marques, M. A. L. & Rodrigues, E. N. L. (2012) Tres novas especies sul-americanas de Cryptachaea e acrescimos taxonomicos em Achaearanea (Araneae, Theridiidae). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 102, 206 - 211. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212012000200013","Rodrigues, E. N. L. & Poeta, M. R. M. (2015) Twelve new Neotropical species of the spider genus Cryptachaea (Araneae: Theridiidae). Journal of Arachnology, 43, 26 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / K 14 - 47.1","Yoshida, H. (2008) A revision of the genus Achaearanea (Araneae: Theridiidae). Acta Arachnologica, 1, 37 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 57.37"]}

Family Theridiidae Sundevall, 1833 Theridiinae Sundevall, 1833, Published as part of Santanna, Manoela, Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, Cizauskas, Igor & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2019, On the spider genus Cryptachaea from Peru, Bolivia and cave environments in Brazil: a new species, additional descriptions and new records (Araneae, Theridiidae), pp. 271-292 in Zootaxa 4646 (2) on page 272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4646.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3349449

Stemmops carius Marques & Buckup, 1996 Figs. 18, 19, 26 New records: BRAZIL. S��o Paulo: Iporanga, Petar, 24��32���S��� 48��40���W, 8���15.XI.2001, E. S. S. ��lvares leg., night manual collection, 1F (IBSP 215210)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela & Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2018, Five new species and new records of the spider genus Stemmops (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae) from Brazil, pp. 174-186 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on page 181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2610417, {"references":["Marques, M. A. L. & Buckup, E. H. (1996) Novas especies sulamericanas do genero Stemmops (Araneae; Theridiidae). Biociencias, 4, 69 - 76."]}

Stemmops murici new species Figs. 1–3, 10, 11, 24 Type material. Holotype, BRAZIL: Alagoas, Murici, Estação Ecológica de Murici, 09°15’S– 35°51’W, 13– 22.IX.2003, Equipe Biota leg., pitfall-trap, 1M (IBSP 215203). Paratypes. BRAZIL: same data the holotype, 1M (MCN 48734); same data the holotype, 1F (MCN 48734); Goiás, Catalão, 18°02’39”S– 48°00’36”W, 10– 16.II.2003, J. P. Guadanucci leg., pitfall-trap, 1F (MCN 48720); Minas Gerais, Matozinhos, Mocambeiro, 19°33’12”S– 44°01’07”W, 08–18.II.2011, C. A. R. Souza leg., 1F (IBSP 180228); same data the anterior paratypes, 1M (IBSP 189587), 1F (IBSP 189582); Morro do Pilar, 19°14’34”S– 43°22’04”W, 13–17.II.2012, Equipe Carste leg., 1F (IBSP 189594); Taiobeiras, Tocão, 15°48’S– 42°14’W, 17.IV.2002, Equipe Biota leg., pitfall-trap, 1M (MCN 48739); Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Floresta da Cicuta, 22°34’S– 44°21”W, 18.VI.2001, Equipe Biota leg., night manual collection, 1M (IBSP 215204); same data the anterior paratype, 1M (IBSP 215205); Cachoeiras de Macacu, Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, 22°25’S– 42°44’W, 08.XI.2001, Equipe Biota leg., beating tray, 1M (IBSP 48738); same data the anterior paratype, 1M (IBSP 215206); São Paulo, Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica Júreia Itatins, 24°33’S– 47°13’W, 26.IV–03.V.1999, A. D. Brescovit et al. leg., winkler, 1M (IBSP 25796), 1M (IBSP 25249); same data the anterior paratype, 1M (IBSP 25718), 1M (IBSP 25765), 1M (IBSP 24692), 1M (IBSP 25552); same data the anterior paratypes, 1F (IBSP 25354), 1F (IBSP 25689), 1F (IBSP 25795); Paraná, Antonina, Reserva Natural do Rio Cachoeira, 25°41’S– 48°74’W, 23.IX.2005, I. Cizauskas leg., looking down, 1M (MCN 44635). Et y mology. The species name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Diagnosis. Males are similar to Stemmops carius Marques & Buckup, 1996 (see Marques & Buckup 1996, figs. 1, 2) by the shape of embolus and by the theridiid tegular apophysis hook-like apex (vide Marques & Buckup, 1996, figs 1–2), but differ from this species by the embolus short, and trajectory of the embolus that loops far from the tegulum edge, and conductor smaller (Fig. 1) than the S. carius. Females resemble Stemmops carius (vide Marques & Buckup, 1996, figs. 7–8) by the presence of oval spermathecae, ventral epigynum with a narrow and elongated longitudinal median depression and coiled fertilization ducts, but differ by the spermathecae less separated from each other, in ventral view (Figs. 2, 3). Description. Male holotype (from Estação Ecológica de Murici, IBSP 215203): Total length 1.57. Carapace: length 0.69, width 0.58. Clypeus height: 0.12. Sternum: length 0.44, width 0.39. Chelicerae: length 0.18, width 0.10. Abdomen: length: 0.88, width 0.54, height 0.58. Leg formula IV/I/II/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.84/0.58/0.50/0.81; patellae+tibiae 0.75/0.73/0.65/1.05; metatarsi+tarsi 1.13/0.86/0.86/1.11; total: 2.73/2.18/2.01/ 2.98. Palp: femora 0.23, patellae 0.06, tibiae 0.08, cymbium 0.33. PME biggest, PME separated from each other by 0.02; AME separated by 0.04. Carapace circular (Fig. 10), pale yellow, darkened in median portion after PME. Clypeus concave, laterally. Chelicerae pale yellow. Labium subtriangular, pale yellow. Endites yellow. Ocular region dark except between PME. Sternum pale yellow, with dark dots. Legs pale yellow, except metatarsus and tarsus brown. Abdomen oval (Fig. 10), grey with a pale yellow spot above spinnerets and venter lighter. Female paratype (from Estação Ecológica Júreia Itatins, Peruíbe, IBSP 25354): Total length 1.68. Carapace: length 0.69, width 0.63. Clypeus: height 0.12. Sternum: length 0.42, width 0.39. Chelicerae: length 0.23, width 0.08. Abdomen: length 1.23, width 0.79, height 0.84. Leg formula IV/I/II/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.84/0.63/0.46/0.75; patellae+tibiae 0.96/0.73/0.60/1.05; metatarsi+tarsi 1.02/0.79/0.79/1.09, total: 2.83/2.16/1.86/ 2.89. Palp: femora 0.18, patellae 0.08, tibiae 0.21, tarsi 0.18. PLE and AME biggest, PME separated from each other by 0.02. Color of carapace (Fig. 11), legs and abdomen as in male, except spot in dorsal carapace, in female is less darkened. Variation. Some paratypes abdomen and carapace pale yellow to white. Males (n= 15): Total length: 1.47– 1.95. Carapace: length 0.65–0.84, width 0.50–0.69 Femur leg I length: 0.65–1.02. Females (n= 8). Total length: 1.40–2.47. Carapace: length 0.52–0.75, width 0.58–0.69. Femur leg I length: 0.81–0.86. Distribution. Brazil (Alagoas, Goiás, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Paraná, Fig. 24).

Stemmops vicosa Levi, 1964 Figs. 22, 23, 26 New records: BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, Esta����o Ecol��gica de Murici, 09��15���S, 35��51���W, 13���22.IX.2003, Equipe Biota leg.,1M (IBSP 215218). Minas Gerais: Belo Horizonte, Esta����o Ecol��gica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 19��52���56���S, 43��58���18���W, 2.III.2001, E. S. S. ��lvares leg., pitfall-trap, 1M, 3F (MCN 34161); Matozinhos, Mocambeiro, 19��33���04���S��� 44��00���51���W, 28.VI���01.VII.2011, P. Franco & C. A. R. Souza leg., 1F (IBSP 180280)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela & Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2018, Five new species and new records of the spider genus Stemmops (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae) from Brazil, pp. 174-186 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on page 186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2610417

Stemmops carajas new species Figs. 5, 6, 13, 14, 25 Type material. Holotype. BRAZIL: Par��, Parauapeba, Flona Caraj��s (Cave N 5S-11), 6��6���18���S��� 50��7���47���W, 14��� 23.X.2009, R. Andrade & I. Cizauskas leg., 1M (IBSP 174290). Paratype. BRAZIL: same data as the holotype (Cave N 3-0022), 1F (IBSP 174310). Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Diagnosis. Males are similar to Stemmops servus Levi, 1964 (see Levi 1964, fig. 9) by the embolus coiled, long and filiform, and presence of embolic basal process (Fig. 5), but differ from this species by the embolus longer, with approximately five loops, and by the embolus base smaller (Fig. 5). Females resemble Stemmops servus Levi, 1964 (see Levi 1964, fig. 12) by the presence of two spermathecae, but differ by the shape of spermathecae oval, and spermathecae less separated from each other, in ventral view (Fig. 6), and ventral epigynum with two copulatory openings (Fig. 6). Description. Male holotype (from Flona Caraj��s, IBSP 174290): Total length 1.49. Carapace: length 0.65, width 0.58. Clypeus height: 0.12. Sternum: length 0.37, width 0.37. Chelicerae: length 0.10, width 0.08. Abdomen: length: 0.71, width 0.46, height 0.52. Leg formula. (only femura leg I, II). Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.88/0.67; patellae+tibiae (not available); metatarsi+tarsi (not available). Palp: femora 0.21, patellae 0.08, tibiae 0.08, cymbium 0.25. AME, PLE and PME biggest, ALE smaller. PME separated from each other by 0.06. Carapace circular (Fig. 13), brown with lateral dark brown dots. Clypeus concave, laterally. Chelicerae yellow. Labium subtriangular, dark brown. Endites yellow. Ocular region dark except between PME. Sternum dark brown, with dark dots. Legs pale yellow, with dark longitudinal bands on the sides, except femora of all legs that are darkened in all its extension. Abdomen oval (Fig. 13), dorsally yellow and in posterior area dark brown, venter darkened. Female paratype (from Flona Caraj��s, IBSP 174310): Total length 1.68. Carapace: length 0.71, width 0.71. Clypeus: height 0.10. Sternum: length 0.50, width 0.42. Chelicerae: length 0.18, width 0.10. Abdomen: length 1.00, width 0.69, height 0.67. Leg formula IV/III/II/I Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.90/0.67/0.63/0.86; patellae+tibiae 0.94/0.75/0.60/0.94; metatarsi+tarsi (unavailable leg I) 0.88/0.81/1.09, total: 1.84/2.31/2.05/2.89. Palp: femora 0.18, patellae 0.08, tibiae 0.10, tarsi 0.33. PLE and AME biggest, PME separated from each other by 0.02. Carapace circular (Fig. 14), brown with lateral dark brown dots. Clypeus concave, laterally. Chelicerae yellow. Labium subtriangular, dark brown. Endites yellow. Ocular region dark except between PME. Sternum dark brown, with dark dots. Legs pale yellow, except femur with longitudinal dark bands at the sides. Abdomen oval (Fig. 14), dorsally dark, ventrally pale yellow. Distribution. Brazil (Par��, Fig. 25, recorded only from caves)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela & Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2018, Five new species and new records of the spider genus Stemmops (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae) from Brazil, pp. 174-186 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on page 178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2610417

Stemmops guapiacu new species Figs. 8, 9, 16, 25 Type material. Holotype. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, Cachoeiras de Macacu, Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, 22°25’S– 42°44’W, 08.XI.2001, Equipe Biota leg., night manual collection, 1F (IBSP 215208). Paratype. BRAZIL: Paraíba, Areia, Reserva do Pau Ferro, 06°57’S– 35°44’W, 23–29.IX.1999, A. D. Brescovit leg., pitfalltrap, 1F (IBSP 50483). Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. Diagnosis. The female of Stemmops guapiacu new species resembles that of S. cryptus Levi, 1955 (see Levi 1955, figs. 23, 24), by the presence of two oval spermathecae in ventral view, but differ by the shape of fertilization ducts longs, overlaps the copulatory ducts in the median portion (Figs. 8, 9). Description. Female paratype (from Reserva Ecológica Guapiaçu, IBSP 215208): Total length 1.36. Carapace: length 0.56, width 0.48. Clypeus: height 0.06. Sternum: length 0.18, width 0.2. Chelicerae: length 0.16, width 0.08. Abdomen: length 0.56; width 0.52; height 0.44. Leg formula IV/I/II/III. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0,54/0,42/0,31/0,52; patellae+tibiae 0,63/0,50/0,44/0,67; metatarsi+tarsi 0,63/0,0,56/0,58/0,71; total: 1,80/ 1,49/1,34/1,91. Palp: femora 0.08, patellae 0.06, tibiae 0.10, tarsi 0.06. ALE smaller. PME separated from each other by 0.06. Carapace oval (Fig. 16), pale yellow, darkened in median portion after PME and laterals, Clypeus concave, laterally. Chelicerae yellow. Labium subtriangular yellow. Endites yellow. Ocular region dark except between PME. Sternum yellow, with lateral dark dots. Legs pale yellow. Abdomen oval (Fig. 16), grey with a pale yellow spot above spinnerets, venter lighter. Male. Unknown. Distribution. Brazil (Paraíba and Rio de Janeiro, Fig. 25)

Stemmops belavista Marques & Buckup, 1996 Figs. 17, 26 New records: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso do Sul: Piraputanga, Dois Irm��os do Buriti, 20��27���S��� 55��30���W, 31.VI��� 06.VII.1999, A. D. Brescovit et al. leg., 1F (IBSP 215209)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela & Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2018, Five new species and new records of the spider genus Stemmops (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae) from Brazil, pp. 174-186 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on page 181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2610417, {"references":["Marques, M. A. L. & Buckup, E. H. (1996) Novas especies sulamericanas do genero Stemmops (Araneae; Theridiidae). Biociencias, 4, 69 - 76."]}

Stemmops pains new species Fig. 7, 15, 24 Type material. Holotype. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Matozinhos, Mocambeiro, 19��33���04���S��� 44��00���51���W, 04��� 15.IV.2011, I. Cizauskas leg., 1M (IBSP 180244 ) Paratype. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Pains, 20��21���56���S��� 45��36���39���W, 24���27.IV.2012, A. P. Bueno leg., 1M (IBSP 180577). Etymology. The species name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality of the paratype. Diagnosis. Males are similar to Stemmops servus Levi, 1964 (see Levi 1964, fig. 9) by the embolus coiled and filiform, and presence of embolic basal process (Fig. 7), but differ from this species by the embolus relatively short, filiform, with one lap around the embolic base, and by the shape of embolic base excavated posteriorly, embolus tip appears covered by the apex of the embolic basal process (Fig. 7). Description. Male holotype (from Matozinhos, Mocambeiro, IBSP 180244): Total length 1.49. Carapace: length 1.19, width 0.60. Clypeus height: 0.08. Sternum: length 0.37, width 0.29. Chelicerae: length 0.12, width 0.06. Abdomen: length: 0.58, width 0.21, height 0.42. Leg formula IV/I/III/II. Segment length (I/II/III/IV): femora 0.71/0.42/0.48/0.71; patellae+tibiae 0.75/0.52/0.46/0.75; metatarsi+tarsi 0.84/0.73/0.65/0.84. Palp: femora 0.12, patellae 0.06, tibiae 0.06, cymbium 0.21. AME, PLE and PME biggest, ALE smaller. PME separated from each other by 0.06. Carapace circular (Fig. 15), brown with lateral dark brown dots. Clypeus concave, laterally. Chelicerae yellow. Labium subtriangular, yellow. Endites brown. Ocular region dark except between PME. Sternum dark brown, with dark dots. Legs pale yellow, with dark longitudinal bands on the sides of femur, patella and tibia of all legs. Abdomen oval (Fig. 15), dorsally and ventrally dark brown. Female. Unknown. Distribution. Brazil (Minas Gerais, Fig. 24)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela & Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2018, Five new species and new records of the spider genus Stemmops (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae) from Brazil, pp. 174-186 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on pages 178-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2610417

Stemmops servus Levi, 1964 Figs. 20, 21, 27 New records. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, 3��05���S��� 60��00���W, 15��� 23.VIII.1991, A. D. Brescovit leg., pitfall-trap, 1F (MCN, 21540). Alagoas: Murici, Esta����o Ecol��gica de Murici, 09��15���S��� 35��51���W, 13���02.IX.2003, Equipe Biota leg., pitfall-trap, 2F (MCN 48733); 1F (IBSP 215214); 1F (IBSP 215215); 1F (IBSP 215216); 1F (IBSP 215217). Para��ba: Reserva da Mata do Pau Ferro, 06��57���S��� 35��44���W, 29.IX.1999, A. D. Brescovit et al. leg., pitfall-trap, 1M (IBSP 50548). Minas Gerais: Morro do Pilar, Mopi-Igreja, 19��13���27���S��� 43��23���40���W, 03���14.VI.2013, Equipe Carste leg., 1F (IBSP 189613); Matozinhos, Mocambeiro, 19��33���04���S��� 44��00���51���W, 04���15.IV.2011, I. Cizauskas leg., 1F (IBSP 180245). Esp��rito Santo: Aracruz, 19��49���12���S��� 40��16���22���W, 12.VI.1993, M. A. Bragan��a leg., Malaise, 1M (MCN 32412). Rio de Janeiro: Pinheiral, Fazenda Santa Helena, 22��34���S��� 44��21���W, 05���11.IX.1999, Equipe Biota leg., pitfall-trap, 1M (MCN 48732); 1M (IBSP 215211); A. D. Brescovit, 1M (IBSP 215212); 1M (IBSP 215213)., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela & Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2018, Five new species and new records of the spider genus Stemmops (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae) from Brazil, pp. 174-186 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on page 181, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2610417

Genus Stemmops O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 Type species: Stemmops bicolor O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1894 (by original designation and monotypy) Composition and distribution. 27 species, including the five new species described here. Stemmops includes 17 species exclusive from Neotropical Region, three species exclusive from Nearctic Region, one species exclusive from Palearctic Region, three species exclusive from Oriental Region and three species shared by Neotropical and Neartic Region., Published as part of Santanna, Manoela & Rodrigues, Everton Nei Lopes, 2018, Five new species and new records of the spider genus Stemmops (Araneae, Theridiidae, Spintharinae) from Brazil, pp. 174-186 in Zootaxa 4524 (2) on page 175, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2610417