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1. Return of genetic research results in 21,532 individuals with autism

Author

Aarrestad, Alexandria, Abbeduto, Leonard, Aberbach, Gabriella, Aberle, Shelley, Adegbite, Adediwura, Adeniji, Debbie, Aguilar, Maria, Ahlers, Kaitlyn, Albright, Charles, Alessandri, Michael, Algaze, Zach, Alkazi, Jasem, Amador, Raquel, Amaral, David, Amon, Logan, Amundsen, Leonor, Andrus, Alicia, Anglo, Claudine, Annett, Robert, Arar, Adam, Arnold, Jonathan, Arriaga, Ivette, Arzate, Eduardo, Ashley, Raven, Aslamy, Leilemah, Baalman, Kelli, Baer, Melissa, Bahi, Ethan, Bailey, Joshua, Baldlock, Zachary, Banks, Grabrielle, Baraghoshi, Gabriele, Bardett, Nicole, Barrett, Mallory, Bartholomew, Yan, Bates, Heidi, Beard, Katie, Becerra, Juana, Beckwith, Malia, Beechan, Paige, Beeson, Landon, Beeson, Josh, Bell, Brandi, Belli, Monica, Bentley, Dawn, Berger, Natalie, Berman, Anna, Bernier, Raphael, Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth, Berwanger, Mary, Birdwell, Shelby, Blank, Elizabeth, Bond, Rebecca, Booker, Stephanie, Bordofsky, Aniela, Bower, Erin, Bowers, Lukas, Bradley, Catherine, Brayer, Heather, Brewster, Stephanie, Brown, Hallie, Brown, Alison, Brown, Melissa, Buck, Catherine, Buescher, Cate, Bullon, Kayleigh, Buraima, Joy, Butter, Eric, Caamano, Amalia, Cacciato, Nicole, CaI, Wenteng, Calderon, Norma, Callahan, Kristen, Camba, Alexies, Campo-Soria, Claudia, Caprara, Giuliana, Carbone, Paul, Carpenter, Laura, Carpenter, Sarah, Casseus, Myriam, Casten, Lucas, Catherine, Sullivan, Chappo, Ashley, Chavez, Kimberly, Cheathem-Johnson, Randi, Chen, Tia, Chintalapalli, Sharmista, Cho, Daniel, Choi, Y.B., Clark, Nia, Clark, Renee, Coffman, Marika, Coleman, Laura, Coleman, Kendra, Collins, Alister, Columbi, Costanza, Comitre, Joaquin, Constant, Stephanie, Contra, Arin, Conyers, Sarah, Cooper, Lindsey, Cooper, Cameron, Coppola, Leigh, Corlett, Allison, Corrales, Lady, Correa, Dahriana, Cottrell, Hannah, Coughlin, Michelle, Courchesne, Eric, Coury, Dan, Crocetti, Deana, Croson, Carrie, Crowell, Judith, Cubells, Joseph, Cunningham, Sean, Currin, Mary, Cutri, Michele, D'Ambrosi, Sophia, David, Giancarla, Davis, Ayana, Davis, Sabrina, Decius, Nickelle, Delaporte, Jennifer, DeMarco, Lindsey, Dennis, Brandy, Deronda, Alyssa, Dhawan, Esha, Dichter, Gabriel, Doan, Ryan, Dominick, Kelli, Ortega, Leonardo Dominquez, Doyle, Erin, Drayton, Andrea, DuBois, Megan, Dudley, Johnny, Duhon, Gabrielle, Duncan, Grabrielle, Duncan, Amie, Dunlevy, Megan, Dyer, Meaghan, Earl, Rachel, Edmonson, Catherine, Eldred, Sara, Elliott, Nelita, Emery, Brooke, Enright, Barbara, Erb, Sarah, Erickson, Craig, Esler, Amy, Estevez, Liza, Fanta, Anne, Fassler, Carrie, Fatemi, Ali, Fazal, Faris, Featherston, Marilyn, Ferguson, Jonathan, Fish, Angela, Fitzgerald, Kate, Flores, Kathleen, Fombonne, Eric, Foster, Margaret, Fowler, Tiffany, Fox, Emma, Fox, Emily, Francis, Sunday, Frayne, Margot, Froman, Sierra, Fuller, Laura, Galbraith, Virginia, Gallimore, Dakota, Gambrell, Ariana, Gazestani, Vahid, Geisheker, Madeleine R., Gerdts, Jennifer, Geschwind, Daniel, Ghaziuddin, Mohammad, Ghina, Haidar, Given, Erin, Goetz, Mykayla, Gong, Jared, Gonring, Kelsey, Gonzalez, Natalia, Gonzalez, Antonio, Goodwill, Ellie, Gordon, Rachel, Graham, Carter, Gray, Catherine, Grimes, Ellen, Griswold, Anthony, Gu, Pan, Guilfoyle, Janna, Gulsrud, Amanda, Gunderson, Jaclyn, Gunter, Chris, Gupta, Sanya, Gupta, Abha, Gutierrez, Anibal, Gwynette, Frampton, Haidar, Ghina, Hale, Melissa, Haley, Monica, Hall, Lauren K., Hamer, Kira, Hamilton, Piper, Hanna, Nathan, Hardan, Antonio, Harkins, Christina, Harrell, Eldric, Harris, Jill, Harris, Nina, Hayes, Caitlin, Hayse, Braden, Heckers, Teryn, Heerwagen, Kathryn, Hennelly, Daniela, Herbert, Lynette, Hermle, Luke, Hernandez, Briana, Herrera, Clara, Hess, Amy, Heyman, Michelle, Higgins, Lorrin, Phillips, Brittani Hilscher, Hirst, Kathy, Ho, Theodore, Hoffman, Emily, Hojlo, Margaret, Honaker, Makayla, Hong, Michael, Hooks, Gregory, Horner, Susannah, Horton, Danielle, Hounchell, Melanie, Howes, Dain, Huang-Storm, Lark, Hunter, Samantha, Hutter, Hanna, Hyde, Emily, Ibanez, Teresa, Ingram, Kelly, Istephanous, Dalia, Jacob, Suma, Jarratt, Andrea, Jelinek, Anna, Johnson, Mary, Jones, Mya, Jones, Garland, Jones, Mark, Jorgenson, Alissa, Judge, Jessyca, Kalb, Luther, Kalmus, Taylor, Kang, Sungeun, Kangas, Elizabeth, Kanne, Stephen, Kaplan, Hannah, Khan, Sara, Kim, Sophy, Kim, Annes, Kitaygordsky, Alex, Klaiman, Cheryl, Klever, Adam, Koene, Hope, Koomar, Tanner, Koza, Melinda, Kramer, Sydney, Krushena, Meghan, Kurtz-Nelson, Eva, Lamarche, Elena, Lampert, Erica, Lamy, Martine, Landa, Rebecca, Lebron-Cruz, Alexa, Lechniak, Holly, Lee, Soo, Leight, Bruce, Lerner, Matthew, Lesher, Laurie, Lewis, Courtney, Li, Hai, Li, Deana, Libove, Robin, Lillie, Natasha, Limon, Danica, Limpoco, Desi, Lin, Melody, Littlefield, Sandy, Lobisi, Brandon, Locarno, Laura, Long, Nancy, Long, Bailey, Long, Kennadie, Lopez, Marilyn, Lovering, Taylor, Lozano, Ivana, Lucio, Daniella, Luo, Addie, Luu, My-Linh, Lyon, Audrey, Ma, Julia, Madi, Natalie, Malloch, Lacy, Mankaryous, Reanna, Manning, Patricia, Mantey, Alvin, Marini, Richard, Marsden, Alexandra, Marwali, Clarissa, Marzano, Gabriela, Mason, Andrew, Mastel, Sarah, Mathai, Sheena, Matthews, Emily, Matusoff, Emma, Maxim, Clara, McCarthy, Caitlin, McClellen, Lynn, Mccoy, Nicole, McCullough, Kaylen, McDonald, Brooke, McGalliard, Julie, McIntyre, Anne-Marie, McKenna, Brooke, McKenzie, Alexander, McTaggart, Megan, Meinen, Hannah, Melnyk, Sophia, Miceli, Alexandra, Michaels, Sarah, Michaelson, Jacob, Milan, Estefania, Miller, Melissa, Milliken, Anna, Minton, Kyla, Mitchell, Terry, Gunn, Amanda Moffitt, Mohiuddin, Sarah, Money, Gina, Montezuma, Jessie, Mooney, Lindsey, Moore, Margo, Morales-Lara, Amy, Morgan, Kelly, Morotti, Hadley, Morrier, Michael, Munoz, Maria, Lavanderos, Ambar Munoz, Murali, Shwetha, Murillo, Karla, Murray, Kailey, Myhre, Erin, Neely, Jason, Neuhaus, Emily, Newman, Olivia, Nguyen, Richard, Nguyen, Victoria, Nichols, Evelyn, Nicholson, Amy, Niederhauser, Melanie, Norris, Megan, Norton, Shai, Nowell, Kerri, O’Brien, Kaela, O’Meara, Mitchell, O’Neil, Molly, O'Roak, Brian, Ocampo, Edith, Ochoa-Lubinoff, Cesar, Oft, Anna, Orobio, Jessica, Ortiz, Crissy, Ousley, Opal, Oyeyemi, Motunrayo, Pacheco, Lillian, Palacios, Valeria, Palmer, Samiza, Palmeri, Isabella, Pama, Katrina, Pandey, Juhi, Paolicelli, Anna Marie, Parker, Jaylaan, Patterson, Morgan, Pawlowski, Katherine, Pedapati, Ernest, Pepper, Michah, Perrin, Jeremy, Peura, Christine, Phillips, Diamond, Pierce, Karen, Piven, Joseph, Plate, Juhi, Polanco, Jose, Pott-Schmidt, Natalie, Pramparo, Tiziano, Pratt, Taleen, Prock, Lisa, White, Stormi Pulver, Qi, Hongjian, Qiu, Shanping, Queen, Eva, Questel, Marcia, Quinones, Ashley, Rambeck, Desiree, Randall, Shelley, Ranganathan, Vaikunt, Raymond, Laurie, Rayos, Madelyn, Real, Kelly, Rhea, Anna, Rice, Catherine, Richardson, Harper, Riffle, Stacy, Robertson, Tracy, Roby, Erin, Rocha, Ana, Roche, Casey, Rodriguez, Nicki, Rodriguez, Bianca, Roeder, Katherine, Rojas, Daniela, Rosewater, Jacob, Rosselott, Hilary, Runyan, Payton, Russo, Nicole, Rutter, Tara, Ruzzo, Elizabeth, Sahin, Mustafa, Salem, Fatima, Sanchez, Rebecca, Sanders, Muave, Sanderson, Tayler, Sandhu, Sophie, Sanford, Katelyn, Santangelo, Susan, Santulli, Madeline, Sarver, Dustin, Savage, Madeline, Scherr, Jessica, Schneider, Hoa, Schools, Hayley, Schoonover, Gregory, Schultz, Robert, Sebolt, Cheyanne, Shaffer, Rebecca, Shameen, Sana, Sherard, Curry, Shikov, Roman, Shillington, Amelle, Shir, Mojeeb, Shocklee, Amanda, Shrier, Clara, Shulman, Lisa, Siegel, Matt, Simon, Andrea, Simon, Laura, Singh, Arushi, Singh, Vini, Smalley, Devin, Smith, Kaitlin, Smith, Chris, Smith, Ashlyn, Soorya, Latha, Soscia, Julia, Soucy, Aubrie, Stchur, Laura, Steele, Morgan, Srishyla, Diksha, Stamps, Danielle, Sussman, Nicole, Swanson, Amy, Sweeney, Megan, Sziklay, Anthony, Tafolla, Maira, Taiba, Jabeen, Takahashi, Nicole, Terroso, Sydney, Strathearn, Camilla, Thomas, Taylor, Thompson, Samantha, Touchette, Ellyn, Townsend, Laina, Trog, Madison, Tsai, Katherine, Tseng, Angela, Tshering, Paullani, Tso, Ivy, Valicenti-Mcdermott, Maria, VanMetre, Bonnie, VanWade, Candace, Turecki, Samuel, Vargo, Kerrigan, Vattuone, Cristiana, Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy, Vehorn, Alison, Benitez Velazquez, Alan Jesus, Verdi, Mary, Villalobos, Michele, Vrittamani, Lakshmi, Wainer, Allison, Wallace, Jermel, Walston, Corrie, Wang, Jiayaho, Ward, Audrey, Warren, Zachary, Washington, Katherine, Westerkamp, Grace, White, Sabrina, Wink, Logan, Winoto, Fiona, Winters, Sarah, Wodka, Ericka, Xavier, Samantha, Xu, Sidi, Yang, Yi, Yang, WhaJames, Yang, Amy, Yinger, Meredith, Yu, Timothy, Zaro, Christopher, Zha, Cindy, Zhang, Haicang, Zhao, Haoquan, Zick, Allyson, Salmon, Lauren Ziegelmayer, Wright, Jessica R., Astrovskaya, Irina, Barns, Sarah D., Goler, Alexandra, Zhou, Xueya, Shu, Chang, Snyder, LeeAnne Green, Han, Bing, Shen, Yufeng, Volfovsky, Natalia, Hall, Jacob B., Feliciano, Pamela, and Chung, Wendy K.

Published
2024
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2. Behavioral Outcomes of Specialized Psychiatric Hospitalization in the Autism Inpatient Collection (AIC): A Multisite Comparison

Author

Pedersen, Kahsi A., Santangelo, Susan L., Gabriels, Robin L., Righi, Giulia, Erard, Michael, and Siegel, Matthew

Abstract

Psychiatric hospitalization of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is relatively common and occurs at a higher rate than in non-ASD youth. This study compared changes in the severity of serious problem behaviors in 350 youth with ASD enrolled in the autism inpatient collection during and after hospitalization in six specialized child psychiatry units. There was a significant reduction in serious problem behaviors from admission (aberrant behavior checklist--irritability subscale M = 29.7, SD 9.6) to discharge (M = 15.0, SD 10.3) and 2-month follow-up (M = 19.3, SD 10.3). Between discharge and 2-month follow-up, tantrum-like behaviors but not self-injurious behaviors increased slightly. Improvement in the severity of problem behaviors was not uniform across sites, even after controlling for measured site differences.

Published
2018
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8. Meta-analysis of genome scans of age-related macular degeneration

Author

Fisher, Sheila A, Abecasis, Goncalo R, Yashar, Beverly M, Zareparsi, Sepideh, Swaroop, Anand, Iyengar, Sudha K, Klein, Barbara EK, Klein, Ronald, Lee, Kristine E, Majewski, Jacek, Schultz, Dennis W, Klein, Michael L, Seddon, Johanna M, Santangelo, Susan L, Weeks, Daniel E, Conley, Yvette P, Mah, Tammy S, Schmidt, Silke, Haines, Jonathan L, Pericak-Vance, Margaret A, Gorin, Michael B, Schulz, Heidi L, Pardi, Fabio, Lewis, Cathryn M, and Weber, Bernhard HF

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Macular Degeneration, Human Genome, Neurodegenerative, Aging, Genetic Linkage, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome, Human, Humans, Medical and Health Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

A genetic contribution to the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is well established. Several genome-wide linkage studies have identified a number of putative susceptibility loci for AMD but only a few of these regions have been replicated in independent studies. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of six AMD genome screens using the genome-scan meta-analysis method, which allows linkage results from several studies to be combined, providing greater power to identify regions that show only weak evidence for linkage in individual studies. Results from non-parametric analysis for a broad AMD clinical phenotype (including two studies with quantitative traits) were extracted. For each study, 120 genomic bins of approximately 30 cM were defined and ranked according to maximum evidence for linkage within each bin. Bin ranks were weighted according to study size and summed across all studies; the summed rank (SR) for each bin was assessed empirically for significance using permutation methods. A high SR indicates a region with consistent evidence for linkage across studies. The strongest evidence for an AMD susceptibility locus was found on chromosome 10q26 where genome-wide significant linkage was observed (P=0.00025). Several other regions met the empirical significance criteria for bins likely to contain linked loci including adjacent pairs of bins on chromosomes 1q, 2p, 3p and 16. Several of the regions identified here showed only weak evidence for linkage in the individual studies. These results will help prioritize regions for future positional and functional candidate gene studies in AMD.

Published
2005

10. Statistical and functional convergence of common and rare genetic influences on autism at chromosome 16p

Author

Weiner, Daniel J., Ling, Emi, Erdin, Serkan, Tai, Derek J. C., Yadav, Rachita, Grove, Jakob, Fu, Jack M., Nadig, Ajay, Carey, Caitlin E., Baya, Nikolas, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, Mortensen, Preben B., Werge, Thomas, Demontis, Ditte, Mors, Ole, Nordentoft, Merete, Als, Thomas D., Baekvad-Hansen, Marie, Rosengren, Anders, Havdahl, Alexandra, Hedemand, Anne, Palotie, Aarno, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Arking, Dan, Sulovari, Arvis, Starnawska, Anna, Thiruvahindrapuram, Bhooma, de Leeuw, Christiaan, Carey, Caitlin, Ladd-Acosta, Christine, van der Merwe, Celia, Devlin, Bernie, Cook, Edwin H., Eichler, Evan, Corfield, Elisabeth, Dieleman, Gwen, Schellenberg, Gerard, Hakonarson, Hakon, Coon, Hilary, Dziobek, Isabel, Vorstman, Jacob, Girault, Jessica, Sutcliffe, James S., Duan, Jinjie, Nurnberger, John, Hallmayer, Joachim, Buxbaum, Joseph, Piven, Joseph, Weiss, Lauren, Davis, Lea, Janecka, Magdalena, Mattheisen, Manuel, State, Matthew W., Gill, Michael, Daly, Mark, Uddin, Mohammed, Andreassen, Ole, Szatmari, Peter, Lee, Phil Hyoun, Anney, Richard, Ripke, Stephan, Satterstrom, Kyle, Santangelo, Susan, Kuo, Susan, van Elst, Ludger Tebartz, Rolland, Thomas, Bougeron, Thomas, Polderman, Tinca, Turner, Tychele, Underwood, Jack, Manikandan, Veera, Pillalamarri, Vamsee, Warrier, Varun, Philipsen, Alexandra, Reif, Andreas, Hinney, Anke, Cormand, Bru, Bau, Claiton H. D., Rovaris, Diego Luiz, Sonuga-Barke, Edmund, Corfield, Elizabeth, Grevet, Eugenio Horacio, Salum, Giovanni, Larsson, Henrik, Buitelaar, Jan, Haavik, Jan, McGough, James, Kuntsi, Jonna, Elia, Josephine, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Klein, Marieke, Bellgrove, Mark, Tesli, Martin, Leung, Patrick W. L., Pan, Pedro M., Dalsgaard, Soren, Loo, Sandra, Medland, Sarah, Faraone, Stephen V., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Banaschewski, Tobias, Hawi, Ziarih, Berretta, Sabina, Macosko, Evan Z., Sebat, Jonathan, O’Connor, Luke J., Hougaard, David M., Børglum, Anders D., Talkowski, Michael E., McCarroll, Steven A., Robinson, Elise B., Pediatrics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Hinney, Anke (Beitragende*r), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics, Research Programs Unit, Aarno Palotie / Principal Investigator, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Genomics of Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Complex Trait Genetics, and Clinical Developmental Psychology

Subjects
Genètica humana, DNA Copy Number Variations, Autism, 3112 Neurosciences, Medizin, Chromosomes, Cromosomes, Human genetics, Genetics, Humans, Autistic Disorder, Chromosome Deletion, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics, Autisme, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16, Autistic Disorder/genetics
Abstract

in press, weitere Verfasser:innen aus Einrichtungen außerhalb der Universität Duisburg-Essen sind nicht aufgeführt. The canonical paradigm for converting genetic association to mechanism involves iteratively mapping individual associations to the proximal genes through which they act. In contrast, in the present study we demonstrate the feasibility of extracting biological insights from a very large region of the genome and leverage this strategy to study the genetic influences on autism. Using a new statistical approach, we identified the 33-Mb p-arm of chromosome 16 (16p) as harboring the greatest excess of autism’s common polygenic influences. The region also includes the mechanistically cryptic and autism-associated 16p11.2 copy number variant. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data revealed that both the common polygenic influences within 16p and the 16p11.2 deletion were associated with decreased average gene expression across 16p. The transcriptional effects of the rare deletion and diffuse common variation were correlated at the level of individual genes and analysis of Hi-C data revealed patterns of chromatin contact that may explain this transcriptional convergence. These results reflect a new approach for extracting biological insight from genetic association data and suggest convergence of common and rare genetic influences on autism at 16p.

Published
2022
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14. Brief Report: No Association between Parental Age and Extreme Social-Communicative Autistic Traits in the General Population

Author

Robinson, Elise B., Munir, Kerim, McCormick, Marie C., Koenen, Karestan C., and Santangelo, Susan L.

Abstract

This is the first investigation of the relationship between parental age and extreme social-communicative autistic traits in the general population. The parents of 5,246 children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) completed the Social and Communication Disorders Checklist (SCDC). The association between parental age and SCDC scores was assessed in the full sample and among high scoring individuals (e.g. top 5%, 1%). There was no association between parental age and social-communicative autistic traits in the general population. Neither maternal nor paternal age was associated with extreme scores. These findings suggest that advanced parental age does not confer increased risk for extreme social and communication impairment assessed quantitatively. (Contains 2 figures.)

Published
2011
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15. The Continued Salience of Methodological Issues for Measuring Psychiatric Disorders in International Surveys

Author

Tausig, Mark, Subedi, Janardan, Broughton, Christopher, Pokimica, Jelena, Huang, Yinmei, and Santangelo, Susan L.

Abstract

We investigated the extent to which methodological concerns explicitly addressed by the designers of the World Mental Health Surveys persist in the results that were obtained using the WMH-CIDI instrument. We compared rates of endorsement of mental illness symptoms in the United States (very high) and Nepal (very low) as they were affected by respondent understanding of the survey, social desirability bias, interview social context and translation-related sources of misunderstanding. The results showed that, although levels of misunderstanding and social desirability were higher in Nepal than in the U.S., these potential methodological concerns had less effect on symptom endorsement in Nepal than in the U.S. In Nepal non-methodological factors related to the socio-cultural context probably had a more substantial impact on observed symptom rates than did the methodological factors. The larger issue is the effect that methodological factors have on the validity of reported rates of disorder.

Published
2011
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16. Maternal Early Life Factors Associated with Hormone Levels and the Risk of Having a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Nurses Health Study II

Author

Lyall, Kristen, Pauls, David L., and Santangelo, Susan

Abstract

It is not known whether reproductive factors early in the mother's life influence risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We assessed maternal age at menarche, menstrual cycle characteristics during adolescence, oral contraceptive use prior to first birth, body shape, and body mass index (BMI) in association with ASD using binomial regression in a cohort study of 61,596 women, including 743 cases. Overall, early life factors were not associated with ASD, though early age at menarche (RR for age 10 or less = 1.54, 95% CI 1.18, 2.02, p = 0.0002) and BMI at age 18 of greater than or equal to 30 (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.34, 3.08, p = 0.0008) were significantly associated with increased risk of ASD. Further work should investigate the potential influence of these factors.

Published
2011
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17. Finding Specific Genes that Cause Autism: A Combination of Approaches Will Be Needed To Maximize Power.

Author

Folstein, Susan E., Bisson, Erica, and Santangelo, Susan L.

Abstract

Identifies difficulties in the task of finding the genes involved in causing autism, such as the unknown mechanism of inheritance, small size of families with an autistic child, the rarity of parent-child pairs, and the large number of genes that may be involved. Several strategies for finding relevant genes are discussed. (Author/DB)

Published
1998

18. Assessing the effects of therapeutic combinations on SARS-CoV-2 infected patient outcomes: A big data approach.

Author

Moradi, Hamidreza, Bunnell, H. Timothy, Price, Bradley S., Khodaverdi, Maryam, Vest, Michael T., Porterfield, James Z., Anzalone, Alfred J., Santangelo, Susan L., Kimble, Wesley, Harper, Jeremy, Hillegass, William B., and Hodder, Sally L.

Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks, BIG data, DATA libraries, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for efficient and comprehensive, simultaneous assessment of multiple combined novel therapies for viral infection across the range of illness severity. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) are the gold standard by which efficacy of therapeutic agents is demonstrated. However, they rarely are designed to assess treatment combinations across all relevant subgroups. A big data approach to analyzing real-world impacts of therapies may confirm or supplement RCT evidence to further assess effectiveness of therapeutic options for rapidly evolving diseases such as COVID-19. Methods: Gradient Boosted Decision Tree, Deep and Convolutional Neural Network classifiers were implemented and trained on the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) data repository to predict the patients' outcome of death or discharge. Models leveraged the patients' characteristics, the severity of COVID-19 at diagnosis, and the calculated proportion of days on different treatment combinations after diagnosis as features to predict the outcome. Then, the most accurate model is utilized by eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) algorithms to provide insights about the learned treatment combination impacts on the model's final outcome prediction. Results: Gradient Boosted Decision Tree classifiers present the highest prediction accuracy in identifying patient outcomes with area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.90 and accuracy of 0.81 for the outcomes of death or sufficient improvement to be discharged. The resulting model predicts the treatment combinations of anticoagulants and steroids are associated with the highest probability of improvement, followed by combined anticoagulants and targeted antivirals. In contrast, monotherapies of single drugs, including use of anticoagulants without steroid or antivirals are associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusions: This machine learning model by accurately predicting the mortality provides insights about the treatment combinations associated with clinical improvement in COVID-19 patients. Analysis of the model's components suggests benefit to treatment with combination of steroids, antivirals, and anticoagulant medication. The approach also provides a framework for simultaneously evaluating multiple real-world therapeutic combinations in future research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Increased resting‐state thalamocortical functional connectivity in children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder.

Author

Baran, Bengi, Nguyen, Quynh Trang Huong, Mylonas, Dimitrios, Santangelo, Susan L., and Manoach, Dara S.

Abstract

There is converging evidence that abnormal thalamocortical interactions contribute to attention deficits and sensory sensitivities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous functional MRI studies of thalamocortical connectivity in ASD have produced inconsistent findings in terms of both the direction (hyper vs. hypoconnectivity) and location of group differences. This may reflect, in part, the confounding effects of head motion during scans. In the present study, we investigated resting‐state thalamocortical functional connectivity in 8–25 year‐olds with ASD and their typically developing (TD) peers. We used pre‐scan training, on‐line motion correction, and rigorous data quality assurance protocols to minimize motion confounds. ASD participants showed increased thalamic connectivity with temporal cortex relative to TD. Both groups showed similar age‐related decreases in thalamic connectivity with occipital cortex, consistent with a process of circuit refinement. Findings of thalamocortical hyperconnectivity in ASD are consistent with other evidence that decreased thalamic inhibition leads to increase and less filtered sensory information reaching the cortex where it disrupts attention and contributes to sensory sensitivity. This literature motivates studies of mechanisms, functional consequences, and treatment of thalamocortical circuit dysfunction in ASD. Lay Summary: The thalamus is a deep brain structure that receives information from the senses and amplifies or inhibits its relay to the cortex via thalamocortical circuits. Using functional brain imaging, we found increased communication between the thalamus and specific cortical regions in children and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with their typically developing peers. We hypothesize that increased thalamocortical communication in ASD reflects reduced thalamic inhibition of irrelevant sensory information from being relayed to the cortex, and contributes to attention deficits and sensory sensitivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Community risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection among fully vaccinated US adults by rurality: A retrospective cohort study from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative.

Author

Anzalone, Alfred Jerrod, Sun, Jing, Vinson, Amanda J., Beasley, William H., Hillegass, William B., Murray, Kimberly, Hendricks, Brian M., Haendel, Melissa, Geary, Carol Reynolds, Bailey, Kristina L., Hanson, Corrine K., Miele, Lucio, Horswell, Ronald, McMurry, Julie A., Porterfield, J. Zachary, Vest, Michael T., Bunnell, H. Timothy, Harper, Jeremy R., Price, Bradley S., and Santangelo, Susan L.

Subjects
VACCINATION status, COMMUNITIES, VACCINE hesitancy, COVID-19, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, CITY dwellers
Abstract

Background: While COVID-19 vaccines reduce adverse outcomes, post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection remains problematic. We sought to identify community factors impacting risk for breakthrough infections (BTI) among fully vaccinated persons by rurality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of US adults sampled between January 1 and December 20, 2021, from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). Using Kaplan-Meier and Cox-Proportional Hazards models adjusted for demographic differences and comorbid conditions, we assessed impact of rurality, county vaccine hesitancy, and county vaccination rates on risk of BTI over 180 days following two mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations between January 1 and September 21, 2021. Additionally, Cox Proportional Hazards models assessed the risk of infection among adults without documented vaccinations. We secondarily assessed the odds of hospitalization and adverse COVID-19 events based on vaccination status using multivariable logistic regression during the study period. Results: Our study population included 566,128 vaccinated and 1,724,546 adults without documented vaccination. Among vaccinated persons, rurality was associated with an increased risk of BTI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42–1.64, for urban-adjacent rural and 1.65, 1.42–1.91, for nonurban-adjacent rural) compared to urban dwellers. Compared to low vaccine-hesitant counties, higher risks of BTI were associated with medium (1.07, 1.02–1.12) and high (1.33, 1.23–1.43) vaccine-hesitant counties. Compared to counties with high vaccination rates, a higher risk of BTI was associated with dwelling in counties with low vaccination rates (1.34, 1.27–1.43) but not medium vaccination rates (1.00, 0.95–1.07). Community factors were also associated with higher odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection among persons without a documented vaccination. Vaccinated persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study period had significantly lower odds of hospitalization and adverse events across all geographic areas and community exposures. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that community factors are associated with an increased risk of BTI, particularly in rural areas and counties with high vaccine hesitancy. Communities, such as those in rural and disproportionately vaccine hesitant areas, and certain groups at high risk for adverse breakthrough events, including immunosuppressed/compromised persons, should continue to receive public health focus, targeted interventions, and consistent guidance to help manage community spread as vaccination protection wanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. Higher hospitalization and mortality rates among SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected persons in rural America.

Author

Anzalone, Alfred Jerrod, Horswell, Ronald, Hendricks, Brian M., Chu, San, Hillegass, William B., Beasley, William H., Harper, Jeremy R., Kimble, Wesley, Rosen, Clifford J., Miele, Lucio, McClay, James C., Santangelo, Susan L., and Hodder, Sally L.

Subjects
COVID-19, CONFIDENCE intervals, RURAL conditions, ACQUISITION of data, RETROSPECTIVE studies, HOSPITAL mortality, HOSPITAL care, MEDICAL records, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, KAPLAN-Meier estimator, RURAL health, ADVERSE health care events, ODDS ratio, LOGISTIC regression analysis, LONGITUDINAL method, RURAL population
Abstract

Purpose: Rural communities are among the most underserved and resource‐scarce populations in the United States. However, there are limited data on COVID‐19 outcomes in rural America. This study aims to compare hospitalization rates and inpatient mortality among SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected persons stratified by residential rurality. Methods: This retrospective cohort study from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) assesses 1,033,229 patients from 44 US hospital systems diagnosed with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection between January 2020 and June 2021. Primary outcomes were hospitalization and all‐cause inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were utilization of supplemental oxygen, invasive mechanical ventilation, vasopressor support, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events or hospital readmission. The analytic approach estimates 90‐day survival in hospitalized patients and associations between rurality, hospitalization, and inpatient adverse events while controlling for major risk factors using Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates and mixed‐effects logistic regression. Findings: Of 1,033,229 diagnosed COVID‐19 patients included, 186,882 required hospitalization. After adjusting for demographic differences and comorbidities, urban‐adjacent and nonurban‐adjacent rural dwellers with COVID‐19 were more likely to be hospitalized (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16‐1.21 and aOR 1.29, CI 1.24‐1.1.34) and to die or be transferred to hospice (aOR 1.36, CI 1.29‐1.43 and 1.37, CI 1.26‐1.50), respectively. All secondary outcomes were more likely among rural patients. Conclusions: Hospitalization, inpatient mortality, and other adverse outcomes are higher among rural persons with COVID‐19, even after adjusting for demographic differences and comorbidities. Further research is needed to understand the factors that drive health disparities in rural populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Autism spectrum disorder trios from consanguineous populations are enriched for rare biallelic variants, identifying 32 new candidate genes

Author

Harripaul, Ricardo, primary, Rabia, Ansa, additional, Vasli, Nasim, additional, Mikhailov, Anna, additional, Rodrigues, Ashlyn, additional, Pastore, Stephen F., additional, Muhammad, Tahir, additional, Madanagopal, Thulasi Thiruvallur, additional, Hashmi, Aisha, additional, Tran, Clinton, additional, Stan, Cassandra, additional, Aw, Katherine, additional, Azam, Maleeha, additional, Mahmood, Saqib, additional, Heidari, Abolfazl, additional, Qamar, Raheel, additional, French, Leon, additional, Tripathy, Shreejoy, additional, Agha, Zehra, additional, Iqbal, Muhammad, additional, Ghadami, Majid, additional, Santangelo, Susan L., additional, Bozorgmehr, Bita, additional, Ayadhi, Laila Al, additional, Sasanfar, Roksana, additional, Maqbool, Shazia, additional, Knowles, James A., additional, Ayub, Muhammad, additional, and Vincent, John B, additional

Published
2021
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24. 447. An Ordinal Scale Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patient Outcomes Using Electronic Health Records

Author

Khodaverdi, Maryam, primary, Price, Bradley S, additional, Santangelo, Susan L, additional, Anzalone, Alfred (Jerrod), additional, Kimble, Wesley, additional, Porterfield, J Zachary, additional, Vest, Michael T, additional, Hodder, Sally L, additional, Hendricks, Brian, additional, Rosen, Clifford james, additional, Bunnell, H TImothy, additional, and Moradi, Hamidreza, additional

Published
2021
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28. Association of Vitamin D Prescribing and Clinical Outcomes in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19.

Author

Fairfield, Kathleen M., Murray, Kimberly A., Anzalone, A. Jerrod, Beasley, William, Khodaverdi, Maryam, Hodder, Sally L., Harper, Jeremy, Santangelo, Susan, and Rosen, Clifford J.

Abstract

It is unclear whether vitamin D benefits inpatients with COVID-19. Objective: To examine the relationship between vitamin D and COVID-19 outcomes. Design: Cohort study. Setting: National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) database. Patients: 158,835 patients with confirmed COVID-19 and a sub-cohort with severe disease (n = 81,381) hospitalized between 1 January 2020 and 31 July 2021. Methods: We identified vitamin D prescribing using codes for vitamin D and its derivatives. We created a sub-cohort defined as having severe disease as those who required mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), had hospitalization >5 days, or hospitalization ending in death or hospice. Using logistic regression, we adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and urban/rural residence, time period, and study site. Outcomes of interest were death or transfer to hospice, longer length of stay, and mechanical ventilation/ECMO. Results: Patients treated with vitamin D were older, had more comorbidities, and higher BMI compared with patients who did not receive vitamin D. Vitamin D treatment was associated with an increased odds of death or referral for hospice (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.10: 95% CI 1.05–1.14), hospital stay >5 days (AOR 1.78: 95% CI 1.74–1.83), and increased odds of mechanical ventilation/ECMO (AOR 1.49: 95% CI 1.44–1.55). In the sub-cohort of severe COVID-19, vitamin D decreased the odds of death or hospice (AOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.94), but increased the odds of hospital stay longer >5 days (AOR 2.03, 95% CI 1.87–2.21) and mechanical ventilation/ECMO (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.12–1.21). Limitations: Our findings could reflect more aggressive treatment due to higher severity. Conclusion: Vitamin D treatment was associated with greater odds of extended hospitalization, mechanical ventilation/ECMO, and death or hospice referral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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29. Return of genetic research results in 21,532 individuals with autism

Author

Wright, Jessica R., Astrovskaya, Irina, Barns, Sarah D., Goler, Alexandra, Zhou, Xueya, Shu, Chang, Snyder, LeeAnne Green, Han, Bing, Aarrestad, Alexandria, Abbeduto, Leonard, Aberbach, Gabriella, Aberle, Shelley, Adegbite, Adediwura, Adeniji, Debbie, Aguilar, Maria, Ahlers, Kaitlyn, Albright, Charles, Alessandri, Michael, Algaze, Zach, Alkazi, Jasem, Amador, Raquel, Amaral, David, Amon, Logan, Amundsen, Leonor, Andrus, Alicia, Anglo, Claudine, Annett, Robert, Arar, Adam, Arnold, Jonathan, Arriaga, Ivette, Arzate, Eduardo, Ashley, Raven, Aslamy, Leilemah, Baalman, Kelli, Baer, Melissa, Bahi, Ethan, Bailey, Joshua, Baldlock, Zachary, Banks, Grabrielle, Baraghoshi, Gabriele, Bardett, Nicole, Barrett, Mallory, Bartholomew, Yan, Bates, Heidi, Beard, Katie, Becerra, Juana, Beckwith, Malia, Beechan, Paige, Beeson, Landon, Beeson, Josh, Bell, Brandi, Belli, Monica, Bentley, Dawn, Berger, Natalie, Berman, Anna, Bernier, Raphael, Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth, Berwanger, Mary, Birdwell, Shelby, Blank, Elizabeth, Bond, Rebecca, Booker, Stephanie, Bordofsky, Aniela, Bower, Erin, Bowers, Lukas, Bradley, Catherine, Brayer, Heather, Brewster, Stephanie, Brown, Hallie, Brown, Alison, Brown, Melissa, Buck, Catherine, Buescher, Cate, Bullon, Kayleigh, Buraima, Joy, Butter, Eric, Caamano, Amalia, Cacciato, Nicole, CaI, Wenteng, Calderon, Norma, Callahan, Kristen, Camba, Alexies, Campo-Soria, Claudia, Caprara, Giuliana, Carbone, Paul, Carpenter, Laura, Carpenter, Sarah, Casseus, Myriam, Casten, Lucas, Catherine, Sullivan, Chappo, Ashley, Chavez, Kimberly, Cheathem-Johnson, Randi, Chen, Tia, Chintalapalli, Sharmista, Cho, Daniel, Choi, Y.B., Clark, Nia, Clark, Renee, Coffman, Marika, Coleman, Laura, Coleman, Kendra, Collins, Alister, Columbi, Costanza, Comitre, Joaquin, Constant, Stephanie, Contra, Arin, Conyers, Sarah, Cooper, Lindsey, Cooper, Cameron, Coppola, Leigh, Corlett, Allison, Corrales, Lady, Correa, Dahriana, Cottrell, Hannah, Coughlin, Michelle, Courchesne, Eric, Coury, Dan, Crocetti, Deana, Croson, Carrie, Crowell, Judith, Cubells, Joseph, Cunningham, Sean, Currin, Mary, Cutri, Michele, D'Ambrosi, Sophia, David, Giancarla, Davis, Ayana, Davis, Sabrina, Decius, Nickelle, Delaporte, Jennifer, DeMarco, Lindsey, Dennis, Brandy, Deronda, Alyssa, Dhawan, Esha, Dichter, Gabriel, Doan, Ryan, Dominick, Kelli, Ortega, Leonardo Dominquez, Doyle, Erin, Drayton, Andrea, DuBois, Megan, Dudley, Johnny, Duhon, Gabrielle, Duncan, Grabrielle, Duncan, Amie, Dunlevy, Megan, Dyer, Meaghan, Earl, Rachel, Edmonson, Catherine, Eldred, Sara, Elliott, Nelita, Emery, Brooke, Enright, Barbara, Erb, Sarah, Erickson, Craig, Esler, Amy, Estevez, Liza, Fanta, Anne, Fassler, Carrie, Fatemi, Ali, Fazal, Faris, Featherston, Marilyn, Ferguson, Jonathan, Fish, Angela, Fitzgerald, Kate, Flores, Kathleen, Fombonne, Eric, Foster, Margaret, Fowler, Tiffany, Fox, Emma, Fox, Emily, Francis, Sunday, Frayne, Margot, Froman, Sierra, Fuller, Laura, Galbraith, Virginia, Gallimore, Dakota, Gambrell, Ariana, Gazestani, Vahid, Geisheker, Madeleine R., Gerdts, Jennifer, Geschwind, Daniel, Ghaziuddin, Mohammad, Ghina, Haidar, Given, Erin, Goetz, Mykayla, Gong, Jared, Gonring, Kelsey, Gonzalez, Natalia, Gonzalez, Antonio, Goodwill, Ellie, Gordon, Rachel, Graham, Carter, Gray, Catherine, Grimes, Ellen, Griswold, Anthony, Gu, Pan, Guilfoyle, Janna, Gulsrud, Amanda, Gunderson, Jaclyn, Gunter, Chris, Gupta, Sanya, Gupta, Abha, Gutierrez, Anibal, Gwynette, Frampton, Haidar, Ghina, Hale, Melissa, Haley, Monica, Hall, Lauren K., Hamer, Kira, Hamilton, Piper, Hanna, Nathan, Hardan, Antonio, Harkins, Christina, Harrell, Eldric, Harris, Jill, Harris, Nina, Hayes, Caitlin, Hayse, Braden, Heckers, Teryn, Heerwagen, Kathryn, Hennelly, Daniela, Herbert, Lynette, Hermle, Luke, Hernandez, Briana, Herrera, Clara, Hess, Amy, Heyman, Michelle, Higgins, Lorrin, Phillips, Brittani Hilscher, Hirst, Kathy, Ho, Theodore, Hoffman, Emily, Hojlo, Margaret, Honaker, Makayla, Hong, Michael, Hooks, Gregory, Horner, Susannah, Horton, Danielle, Hounchell, Melanie, Howes, Dain, Huang-Storm, Lark, Hunter, Samantha, Hutter, Hanna, Hyde, Emily, Ibanez, Teresa, Ingram, Kelly, Istephanous, Dalia, Jacob, Suma, Jarratt, Andrea, Jelinek, Anna, Johnson, Mary, Jones, Mya, Jones, Garland, Jones, Mark, Jorgenson, Alissa, Judge, Jessyca, Kalb, Luther, Kalmus, Taylor, Kang, Sungeun, Kangas, Elizabeth, Kanne, Stephen, Kaplan, Hannah, Khan, Sara, Kim, Sophy, Kim, Annes, Kitaygordsky, Alex, Klaiman, Cheryl, Klever, Adam, Koene, Hope, Koomar, Tanner, Koza, Melinda, Kramer, Sydney, Krushena, Meghan, Kurtz-Nelson, Eva, Lamarche, Elena, Lampert, Erica, Lamy, Martine, Landa, Rebecca, Lebron-Cruz, Alexa, Lechniak, Holly, Lee, Soo, Leight, Bruce, Lerner, Matthew, Lesher, Laurie, Lewis, Courtney, Li, Hai, Li, Deana, Libove, Robin, Lillie, Natasha, Limon, Danica, Limpoco, Desi, Lin, Melody, Littlefield, Sandy, Lobisi, Brandon, Locarno, Laura, Long, Nancy, Long, Bailey, Long, Kennadie, Lopez, Marilyn, Lovering, Taylor, Lozano, Ivana, Lucio, Daniella, Luo, Addie, Luu, My-Linh, Lyon, Audrey, Ma, Julia, Madi, Natalie, Malloch, Lacy, Mankaryous, Reanna, Manning, Patricia, Mantey, Alvin, Marini, Richard, Marsden, Alexandra, Marwali, Clarissa, Marzano, Gabriela, Mason, Andrew, Mastel, Sarah, Mathai, Sheena, Matthews, Emily, Matusoff, Emma, Maxim, Clara, McCarthy, Caitlin, McClellen, Lynn, Mccoy, Nicole, McCullough, Kaylen, McDonald, Brooke, McGalliard, Julie, McIntyre, Anne-Marie, McKenna, Brooke, McKenzie, Alexander, McTaggart, Megan, Meinen, Hannah, Melnyk, Sophia, Miceli, Alexandra, Michaels, Sarah, Michaelson, Jacob, Milan, Estefania, Miller, Melissa, Milliken, Anna, Minton, Kyla, Mitchell, Terry, Gunn, Amanda Moffitt, Mohiuddin, Sarah, Money, Gina, Montezuma, Jessie, Mooney, Lindsey, Moore, Margo, Morales-Lara, Amy, Morgan, Kelly, Morotti, Hadley, Morrier, Michael, Munoz, Maria, Lavanderos, Ambar Munoz, Murali, Shwetha, Murillo, Karla, Murray, Kailey, Myhre, Erin, Neely, Jason, Neuhaus, Emily, Newman, Olivia, Nguyen, Richard, Nguyen, Victoria, Nichols, Evelyn, Nicholson, Amy, Niederhauser, Melanie, Norris, Megan, Norton, Shai, Nowell, Kerri, O’Brien, Kaela, O’Meara, Mitchell, O’Neil, Molly, O'Roak, Brian, Ocampo, Edith, Ochoa-Lubinoff, Cesar, Oft, Anna, Orobio, Jessica, Ortiz, Crissy, Ousley, Opal, Oyeyemi, Motunrayo, Pacheco, Lillian, Palacios, Valeria, Palmer, Samiza, Palmeri, Isabella, Pama, Katrina, Pandey, Juhi, Paolicelli, Anna Marie, Parker, Jaylaan, Patterson, Morgan, Pawlowski, Katherine, Pedapati, Ernest, Pepper, Michah, Perrin, Jeremy, Peura, Christine, Phillips, Diamond, Pierce, Karen, Piven, Joseph, Plate, Juhi, Polanco, Jose, Pott-Schmidt, Natalie, Pramparo, Tiziano, Pratt, Taleen, Prock, Lisa, White, Stormi Pulver, Qi, Hongjian, Qiu, Shanping, Queen, Eva, Questel, Marcia, Quinones, Ashley, Rambeck, Desiree, Randall, Shelley, Ranganathan, Vaikunt, Raymond, Laurie, Rayos, Madelyn, Real, Kelly, Rhea, Anna, Rice, Catherine, Richardson, Harper, Riffle, Stacy, Robertson, Tracy, Roby, Erin, Rocha, Ana, Roche, Casey, Rodriguez, Nicki, Rodriguez, Bianca, Roeder, Katherine, Rojas, Daniela, Rosewater, Jacob, Rosselott, Hilary, Runyan, Payton, Russo, Nicole, Rutter, Tara, Ruzzo, Elizabeth, Sahin, Mustafa, Salem, Fatima, Sanchez, Rebecca, Sanders, Muave, Sanderson, Tayler, Sandhu, Sophie, Sanford, Katelyn, Santangelo, Susan, Santulli, Madeline, Sarver, Dustin, Savage, Madeline, Scherr, Jessica, Schneider, Hoa, Schools, Hayley, Schoonover, Gregory, Schultz, Robert, Sebolt, Cheyanne, Shaffer, Rebecca, Shameen, Sana, Sherard, Curry, Shikov, Roman, Shillington, Amelle, Shir, Mojeeb, Shocklee, Amanda, Shrier, Clara, Shulman, Lisa, Siegel, Matt, Simon, Andrea, Simon, Laura, Singh, Arushi, Singh, Vini, Smalley, Devin, Smith, Kaitlin, Smith, Chris, Smith, Ashlyn, Soorya, Latha, Soscia, Julia, Soucy, Aubrie, Stchur, Laura, Steele, Morgan, Srishyla, Diksha, Stamps, Danielle, Sussman, Nicole, Swanson, Amy, Sweeney, Megan, Sziklay, Anthony, Tafolla, Maira, Taiba, Jabeen, Takahashi, Nicole, Terroso, Sydney, Strathearn, Camilla, Thomas, Taylor, Thompson, Samantha, Touchette, Ellyn, Townsend, Laina, Trog, Madison, Tsai, Katherine, Tseng, Angela, Tshering, Paullani, Tso, Ivy, Valicenti-Mcdermott, Maria, VanMetre, Bonnie, VanWade, Candace, Turecki, Samuel, Vargo, Kerrigan, Vattuone, Cristiana, Veenstra-Vanderweele, Jeremy, Vehorn, Alison, Benitez Velazquez, Alan Jesus, Verdi, Mary, Villalobos, Michele, Vrittamani, Lakshmi, Wainer, Allison, Wallace, Jermel, Walston, Corrie, Wang, Jiayaho, Ward, Audrey, Warren, Zachary, Washington, Katherine, Westerkamp, Grace, White, Sabrina, Wink, Logan, Winoto, Fiona, Winters, Sarah, Wodka, Ericka, Xavier, Samantha, Xu, Sidi, Yang, Yi, Yang, WhaJames, Yang, Amy, Yinger, Meredith, Yu, Timothy, Zaro, Christopher, Zha, Cindy, Zhang, Haicang, Zhao, Haoquan, Zick, Allyson, Salmon, Lauren Ziegelmayer, Shen, Yufeng, Volfovsky, Natalia, Hall, Jacob B., Feliciano, Pamela, and Chung, Wendy K.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify likely pathogenic (LP) and pathogenic (P) genetic results for autism that can be returned to participants in SPARK (SPARKforAutism.org): a large recontactable cohort of people with autism in the United States. We also describe the process to return these clinically confirmed genetic findings.

Published
2024
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30. Association between microdeletion and microduplication at 16p11.2 and autism

Author

Weiss, Lauren A., Shen, Yiping, Korn, Joshua M., Arking, Dan E., Miller, David T., Fossdal, Ragnheidur, Saemundsen, Evald, Stefansson, Hreinn, Ferreira, Manuel A.R., Green, Todd, Platt, Orah S., Ruderfer, Douglas M., Walsh, Chritopher A., Altshuler, David, Chakravarti, Aravinda, Tanzi, Rudolph E., Stefansson, Kari, Santangelo, Susan L., Gusella, James F., Sklar, Pamela, Bai-Lin Wu, and Daly, Mark J.

Subjects
Autism -- Genetic aspects, Chromosome abnormalities -- Health aspects
Abstract

A study to examine the genetic contribution of chromosomal abnormalities to autism, a heritable developmental disorder is conducted. Results indicate that a region of chromosome 16p11.2 influences susceptibility to autism when it is either deleted or duplicated.

Published
2008

39. Large-Scale Exome Sequencing Study Implicates Both Developmental and Functional Changes in the Neurobiology of Autism

Author

Satterstrom, F. Kyle, primary, Kosmicki, Jack A., additional, Wang, Jiebiao, additional, Breen, Michael S., additional, De Rubeis, Silvia, additional, An, Joon-Yong, additional, Peng, Minshi, additional, Collins, Ryan, additional, Grove, Jakob, additional, Klei, Lambertus, additional, Stevens, Christine, additional, Reichert, Jennifer, additional, Mulhern, Maureen S., additional, Artomov, Mykyta, additional, Gerges, Sherif, additional, Sheppard, Brooke, additional, Xu, Xinyi, additional, Bhaduri, Aparna, additional, Norman, Utku, additional, Brand, Harrison, additional, Schwartz, Grace, additional, Nguyen, Rachel, additional, Guerrero, Elizabeth E., additional, Dias, Caroline, additional, Betancur, Catalina, additional, Cook, Edwin H., additional, Gallagher, Louise, additional, Gill, Michael, additional, Sutcliffe, James S., additional, Thurm, Audrey, additional, Zwick, Michael E., additional, Børglum, Anders D., additional, State, Matthew W., additional, Cicek, A. Ercument, additional, Talkowski, Michael E., additional, Cutler, David J., additional, Devlin, Bernie, additional, Sanders, Stephan J., additional, Roeder, Kathryn, additional, Daly, Mark J., additional, Buxbaum, Joseph D., additional, Aleksic, Branko, additional, Anney, Richard, additional, Barbosa, Mafalda, additional, Bishop, Somer, additional, Brusco, Alfredo, additional, Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas, additional, Carracedo, Angel, additional, Chan, Marcus C.Y., additional, Chiocchetti, Andreas G., additional, Chung, Brian H.Y., additional, Coon, Hilary, additional, Cuccaro, Michael L., additional, Curró, Aurora, additional, Dalla Bernardina, Bernardo, additional, Doan, Ryan, additional, Domenici, Enrico, additional, Dong, Shan, additional, Fallerini, Chiara, additional, Fernández-Prieto, Montserrat, additional, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, additional, Freitag, Christine M., additional, Fromer, Menachem, additional, Gargus, J. Jay, additional, Geschwind, Daniel, additional, Giorgio, Elisa, additional, González-Peñas, Javier, additional, Guter, Stephen, additional, Halpern, Danielle, additional, Hansen-Kiss, Emily, additional, He, Xin, additional, Herman, Gail E., additional, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, additional, Hougaard, David M., additional, Hultman, Christina M., additional, Ionita-Laza, Iuliana, additional, Jacob, Suma, additional, Jamison, Jesslyn, additional, Jugessur, Astanand, additional, Kaartinen, Miia, additional, Knudsen, Gun Peggy, additional, Kolevzon, Alexander, additional, Kushima, Itaru, additional, Lee, So Lun, additional, Lehtimäki, Terho, additional, Lim, Elaine T., additional, Lintas, Carla, additional, Lipkin, W. Ian, additional, Lopergolo, Diego, additional, Lopes, Fátima, additional, Ludena, Yunin, additional, Maciel, Patricia, additional, Magnus, Per, additional, Mahjani, Behrang, additional, Maltman, Nell, additional, Manoach, Dara S., additional, Meiri, Gal, additional, Menashe, Idan, additional, Miller, Judith, additional, Minshew, Nancy, additional, Montenegro, Eduarda M.S., additional, Moreira, Danielle, additional, Morrow, Eric M., additional, Mors, Ole, additional, Mortensen, Preben Bo, additional, Mosconi, Matthew, additional, Muglia, Pierandrea, additional, Neale, Benjamin M., additional, Nordentoft, Merete, additional, Ozaki, Norio, additional, Palotie, Aarno, additional, Parellada, Mara, additional, Passos-Bueno, Maria Rita, additional, Pericak-Vance, Margaret, additional, Persico, Antonio M., additional, Pessah, Isaac, additional, Puura, Kaija, additional, Reichenberg, Abraham, additional, Renieri, Alessandra, additional, Riberi, Evelise, additional, Robinson, Elise B., additional, Samocha, Kaitlin E., additional, Sandin, Sven, additional, Santangelo, Susan L., additional, Schellenberg, Gerry, additional, Scherer, Stephen W., additional, Schlitt, Sabine, additional, Schmidt, Rebecca, additional, Schmitt, Lauren, additional, Silva, Isabela M.W., additional, Singh, Tarjinder, additional, Siper, Paige M., additional, Smith, Moyra, additional, Soares, Gabriela, additional, Stoltenberg, Camilla, additional, Suren, Pål, additional, Susser, Ezra, additional, Sweeney, John, additional, Szatmari, Peter, additional, Tang, Lara, additional, Tassone, Flora, additional, Teufel, Karoline, additional, Trabetti, Elisabetta, additional, Trelles, Maria del Pilar, additional, Walsh, Christopher A., additional, Weiss, Lauren A., additional, Werge, Thomas, additional, Werling, Donna M., additional, Wigdor, Emilie M., additional, Wilkinson, Emma, additional, Willsey, A. Jeremy, additional, Yu, Timothy W., additional, Yu, Mullin H.C., additional, Yuen, Ryan, additional, Zachi, Elaine, additional, Agerbo, Esben, additional, Als, Thomas Damm, additional, Appadurai, Vivek, additional, Bækvad-Hansen, Marie, additional, Belliveau, Rich, additional, Buil, Alfonso, additional, Carey, Caitlin E., additional, Cerrato, Felecia, additional, Chambert, Kimberly, additional, Churchhouse, Claire, additional, Dalsgaard, Søren, additional, Demontis, Ditte, additional, Dumont, Ashley, additional, Goldstein, Jacqueline, additional, Hansen, Christine S., additional, Hauberg, Mads Engel, additional, Hollegaard, Mads V., additional, Howrigan, Daniel P., additional, Huang, Hailiang, additional, Maller, Julian, additional, Martin, Alicia R., additional, Martin, Joanna, additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Moran, Jennifer, additional, Pallesen, Jonatan, additional, Palmer, Duncan S., additional, Pedersen, Carsten Bøcker, additional, Pedersen, Marianne Giørtz, additional, Poterba, Timothy, additional, Poulsen, Jesper Buchhave, additional, Ripke, Stephan, additional, Schork, Andrew J., additional, Thompson, Wesley K., additional, Turley, Patrick, additional, and Walters, Raymond K., additional

Published
2020
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40. Beliefs in vaccine as causes of autism among SPARK cohort caregivers

Author

Fombonne, Eric, primary, Goin-Kochel, Robin P., additional, O'Roak, Brian J., additional, Abbeduto, Leonard, additional, Aberbach, Gabriella, additional, Acampado, John, additional, Ace, Andrea J., additional, Albright, Charles, additional, Alessandri, Michael, additional, Amaral, David G., additional, Amatya, Alpha, additional, Anglo, Claudine, additional, Annett, Robert D., additional, Arriaga, Ivette, additional, Ashley, Raven, additional, Astrovskaya, Irina, additional, Baalman, Kelly, additional, Baer, Melissa, additional, Bahl, Ethan, additional, Balasubramanian, Adithya, additional, Baraghoshi, Gabrielle, additional, Bardett, Nicole, additional, Barnard, Rebecca A., additional, Bashar, Asif, additional, Beaudet, Arthur, additional, Beckwith, Malia, additional, Beeson, Landon, additional, Bentley, Dawn, additional, Bernier, Raphael A., additional, Berry-Kravis, Elizabeth, additional, Boland, Sarah, additional, Booker, Stephanie, additional, Bradley, Catherine, additional, Brewster, Stephanie J., additional, Brooks, Elizabeth, additional, Brown, Melissa, additional, Brueggeman, Leo, additional, Butler, Martin E., additional, Butter, Eric M., additional, Callahan, Kristen, additional, Camba, Alexies, additional, Carbone, Paul, additional, Carpenter, Laura, additional, Carpenter, Sarah, additional, Carriero, Nicholas, additional, Cartner, Lindsey A., additional, Casten, Lucas, additional, Chatha, Ahmad S., additional, Chin, Wubin, additional, Chintalapalli, Sharmista, additional, Cho, Daniel, additional, Chung, Wendy K., additional, Clark, Renee D., additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Coleman, Kendra, additional, Columbi, Costanza, additional, Coppola, Leigh, additional, Courchesne, Eric, additional, Cubells, Joseph F., additional, Hannah Currin, Mary, additional, Daniels, Amy M., additional, David, Giancarla, additional, DeMarco, Lindsey, additional, Dennis, Megan Y., additional, Dent, Kate, additional, Dichter, Gabriel S., additional, Ding, Yan, additional, Dinh, Huyen, additional, Doan, Ryan, additional, Doddapaneni, HarshaVardhan, additional, Eichler, Evan E., additional, Eldred, Sara, additional, Eng, Christine, additional, Erickson, Craig A., additional, Esler, Amy, additional, Fatemi, Ali, additional, Feliciano, Pamela, additional, Fischer, Gregory, additional, Fish, Angela, additional, Fisk, Ian, additional, Fombonne, Eric J., additional, Foster, Margaret, additional, Fox, Emily A., additional, Francis, Sunday, additional, Friedman, Sandra L., additional, Ganesan, Swami, additional, Garrett, Michael, additional, Gazestani, Vahid, additional, Geisheker, Madeleine R., additional, Gerdts, Jennifer A., additional, Geschwind, Daniel H., additional, Ghaziuddin, Mohammad, additional, Gibbs, Richard A., additional, Gonzalez, Natalia, additional, Goudreau, Lindsey, additional, Griswold, Anthony J., additional, Grosvenor, Luke P., additional, Gruber, Angela J., additional, Gulsrud, Amanda C., additional, Gunderson, Jaclyn, additional, Gunter, Chris, additional, Gupta, Abha, additional, Gutierrez, Anibal, additional, Hale, Melissa N., additional, Haley, Monica, additional, Hall, Jacob B., additional, Hamer, Kira E., additional, Han, Bing, additional, Hanna, Nathan, additional, Hardan, Antonio, additional, Harkins, Christina, additional, Harrington, Gloria, additional, Harris, Jill, additional, Harris, Nina, additional, Hauf, Brenda, additional, Hayes, Caitlin, additional, Heerwagen, Kathryn, additional, Hepburn, Susan L., additional, Herbert, Lynette M., additional, Heyman, Michelle, additional, Higgins, Lorrin, additional, Hilscher, Brittani A., additional, Hofammann, Eugenia, additional, Hojlo, Margaret, additional, Horner, Susannah, additional, Hsieh, Alexander, additional, Hu, Jianhong, additional, Huang-Storms, Lark Y., additional, Hunter, Samantha, additional, Hutter, Hanna, additional, Istephanous, Dalia, additional, Jacob, Suma, additional, Jaramillo, Nancy, additional, Jelinek, Anna, additional, Jensen, William, additional, Jones, Mark, additional, Jordy, Michelle, additional, Jorgenson, Alissa, additional, Jou, Roger, additional, Pablo Juarez, A., additional, Judge, Jessyca, additional, Jurayj, Jane, additional, Kalmus, Taylor, additional, Kanne, Stephen, additional, Kaplan, Hannah E., additional, Kasparson, Lauren, additional, Kent, Matt, additional, Hyun Kim, So, additional, Kitaygorodsky, Alex, additional, Koene, Hope, additional, Koomar, Tanner, additional, Korchina, Viktoriya, additional, Krentz, Anthony D., additional, Lam Schneider, Hoa, additional, Lamarche, Elena, additional, Lampert, Erica, additional, Landa, Rebecca J., additional, Lash, Alex E., additional, Kiely Law, J., additional, Lawson, Noah, additional, Layman, Kevin, additional, Lechniak, Holly, additional, Lee, Sandra, additional, Lee, Soo J., additional, Lee Coury, Daniel, additional, Lese Martin, Christa, additional, Lesher, Laurie, additional, Li, Hai, additional, Li, Deana, additional, Lillie, Natasha, 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Zick, Allyson, additional

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2020
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41. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

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Brainstorm Consortium, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K, Walters, Raymond K, Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J, Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H, Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N, Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M, Huentelman, Matthew J, Kamboh, M Ilyas, Larson, Eric B, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, St George-Hyslop, Peter, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A, Farrer, Lindsay A, Barnes, Lisa L, Beach, Thomas G, Demirci, F Yesim, Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M, Jicha, Gregory A, Kauwe, John SK, Kaye, Jeffrey A, Leverenz, James B, Levey, Allan I, Lieberman, Andrew P, Pankratz, Vernon S, Poon, Wayne W, Quinn, Joseph F, Saykin, Andrew J, Schneider, Lon S, Smith, Amanda G, Sonnen, Joshua A, Stern, Robert A, Van Deerlin, Vivianna M, Van Eldik, Linda J, Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C, Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C, Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J, Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M, Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K, Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C, Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J, De Jager, Philip L, Geschwind, Daniel H, Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I, Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T, Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M, Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D, Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab HH, Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E, Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Kurki, Mitja I, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D, Belin, Andrea C, Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn MJM, Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I, Nyholt, Dale R, Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell J, Catarino, Claudia B, Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N, French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S, Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S, Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Thomas, G Neil, Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D, Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L, Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R, Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y, Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, Boncoraglio, Giorgio, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Boraska Perica, Vesna, Thornton, Laura M, Huckins, Laura M, William Rayner, N, Lewis, Cathryn M, Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H, O'Toole, Julie K, Trace, Sara E, Davis, Oliver SP, Helder, Sietske G, Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N, Van Elburg, Annemarie A, Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julià, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M, Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A, Espeseth, Thomas, Lundervold, Astri J, Steen, Vidar M, Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W, Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lars, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A, Mitchell, James, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W, Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesús, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D, Banaschewski, Tobias, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K, Arias Vasquez, Alejandro, Doyle, Alysa E, Reif, Andreas, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H, Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D, Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikolas, Bau, Claiton HD, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K, McGough, James J, Grevet, Eugenio H, Medland, Sarah E, Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A, Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M, Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, De-Luca, Daniel Moreno, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Rogé, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G, Thompson, Robert C, Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E, Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B, Reinbold, Céline S, Fullerton, Janice M, Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R, Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B, Gershon, Elliot S, Rice, John, Potash, James B, Zandi, Peter P, Craddock, Nick, Ferrier, I Nicol, Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A, Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R, Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till FM, Forstner, Andreas J, Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T, Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R, MacIntyre, Donald J, Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M, Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H, Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S, Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A, Beekman, Aartjan Tf, Knowles, James A, Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L, Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Bienvenu, O Joseph, Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M, Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L, Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J, Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A, Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C, Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S, Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M, Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A, Riddle, Mark A, Robertson, Mary M, Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F, Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J, Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S, McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S, Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A, Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Lee Chee Keong, Jimmy, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C, Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R, Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G, Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V, Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M, Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V, Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S, Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A, Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W, Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W, Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M, Schott, Jonathan M, Anney, Richard, Elia, Josephine, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Edenberg, Howard J, Murray, Robin, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI), University College of London [London] (UCL), School of Psychology [Cardiff University], Cardiff University, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität [München]-Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), New Jersey Institute of Technology [Newark] (NJIT), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Gériatrie générale et aigüe [Paris], AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Columbia University [New York], Dpt of Neuroscience [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Washington [Seattle], Tanz Center Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases [Toronto], University of Toronto, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), University of Kentucky (UK), School of medicine, Duke University [Durham], College of medicine, Brigham Young University (BYU), Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Cleveland Clinic, Department of Neurology, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Medical School, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Health sciences center, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institut, King‘s College London, Dementia Research Centre [London] (DRC), Groupe de recherche clinique Alzheimer Precision Medicine (GRC 21 - APM), Sorbonne Université (SU), MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Medical Research Council-Cardiff University, MRC Prion Unit [London], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), School of Medicine [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health [Boston], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Universität Leipzig, School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Johannes Kepler Universität Linz - Johannes Kepler University Linz [Autriche] (JKU), Department of Neurology [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], School of Medecine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, 23andMe Inc., Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Department of Biological Psychology [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, University-Hospital Munich-Großhadern [München], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Boston VA Research Institute (BVARI), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], University of Tartu, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Discipline of Psychiatry [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin-Trinity College Dublin, Institute of Neurology [London], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Melbourne, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University [Camden] (CMSRU), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Antwerp (UA), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), New York University School of Medicine (NYU), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), University of Eastern Finland, Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research [Tubingen], University of Tübingen, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre [London], Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust-King‘s College London, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), United Christian Hospital [Hong Kong] (UCH), University of Cincinnati (UC), University of Cologne, Inselspital Bern, University of Wales, Jefferson University Hospitals, University of Liverpool, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Lincoln, University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', University of Virginia, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of Edinburgh, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Split, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), McLean Hospital [Belmont, Ma.], Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA), University of Bristol [Bristol], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Université de Liège, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology (MCMCC), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Charles University [Prague] (CU), SURFACES, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Oslo (UiO), University of Bergen (UiB), Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], University of North Dakota [Grand Forks] (UND), Oregon Research Institute (ORI), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Hospital Universitario Mutua de Terrassa, School of Computer Science and Communication [Stockholm], Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), University of British Columbia (UBC), IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin (OLCHC), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Children’s Hospital Los Angeles [Los Angeles], Yale University [New Haven], Brown University, Institute of Neuroscience [Newcastle] (ION), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Division of Medical Genetics [Seattle], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Michigan System, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Dundee, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University Hospital Basel [Basel], Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, UNSW Faculty of Medicine [Sydney], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Chicago, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], State University of New York (SUNY), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], University of Adelaide, James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Greifswald University Hospital, The University of Sydney, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), University of Calgary, University Health Network, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Groningen [Groningen], Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Cape Town, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Denver, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine - Département d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Médecine Générale, Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen), Vanderbilt University Medical Center [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Institute of Mental Health [Singapore], Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Tel Aviv University (TAU), University College Cork (UCC), University of Rochester [USA], Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Софийски университет = Sofia University, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre [Rīga], Vilnius University [Vilnius], Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Jena University Hospital [Jena], Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Schizophrenia Research Institute [Sydney], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), This work was supported by grants 1R01MH10764901 and 5U01MH09443203 from the National Institute of Mental Health, as well as the Orion Farmos Research Foundation (V.A.) and the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation (H.K.F.). Consortium specific funding is detailed in the supplementary materials ('Study-specific acknowledgments')., Brainstorm Consortium, University of Kentucky, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 AMP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Johannes Kepler University Linz [Linz] (JKU), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, VU University Amsterdam, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Yale University School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPEA), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], University of Sofia, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-Françoi, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S.K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johanne, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthia, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlo, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nichola, Kurth, Tobia, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobia, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H.H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Marku, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfon, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thoma, Werge, Thoma, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andre, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nichola, Olesen, Je, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Denni, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thoma, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicita, Stroink, Han, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thoma, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thoma, Boncoraglio, Giorgio, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andrea, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. P., Helder, Sietske G., Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N., Van Elburg, Annemarie A., Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragisko, Tziouvas, Konstantino, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julia, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M., Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A., Espeseth, Thoma, Lundervold, Astri J., Steen, Vidar M., Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W., Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lar, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A., Mitchell, Jame, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W., Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesú, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D., Banaschewski, Tobia, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K., Vasquez, Alejandro Aria, Doyle, Alysa E., Reif, Andrea, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H., Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D., Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikola, Bau, Claiton H.D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K., McGough, James J., Grevet, Eugenio H., Medland, Sarah E., Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M., Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thoma, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Roge, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Thompson, Robert C., Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Dougla, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E., Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B., Reinbold, Céline S., Fullerton, Janice M., Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R., Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W., Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johanne, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B., Gershon, Elliot S., Rice, John, Potash, James B., Zandi, Peter P., Craddock, Nick, Nicol Ferrier, I., Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A., Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlo, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Marku, Czerski, Piotr M., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R., Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till F.M., Forstner, Andreas J., Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T., Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R., MacIntyre, Donald J., Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M., Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H., Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S., Nauck, Matthia, Schoevers, Robert A., Beekman, Aartjan TF, Knowles, James A., Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L., Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Joseph Bienvenu, O., Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M., Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thoma, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andrea, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J., Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marco, Malaty, Irene A., Maras, Athanasio, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C., Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S., Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M., Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A., Riddle, Mark A., Robertson, Mary M., Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J., Tsetsos, Foti, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S., McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S., Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A., Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, Jame, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Jani, Kučinskas, Vaiduti, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C., Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christo, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Pano, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, Jame, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V., Henskens, Fran, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M., Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V., Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S., Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A., Price, Alke, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W., Cotsapas, Chri, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W., Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M., Epidemiology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De Jonghe, P, Depondt, C, Dlugos, D, Ferraro, T, French, J, Hjalgrim, H, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Kälviäinen, R, Kunz, W, Lerche, H, Leu, C, Lindhout, D, Lo, W, Lowenstein, D, Mccormack, M, Møller, R, Molloy, A, Ng, P, Oliver, K, Privitera, M, Radtke, R, Ruppert, A, Sander, T, Schachter, S, Schankin, C, Scheffer, I, Schoch, S, Sisodiya, S, Smith, P, Sperling, M, Striano, P, Surges, R, Neil Thomas, G, Visscher, F, Whelan, C, Zara, F, Heinzen, E, Marson, A, Becker, F, Stroink, H, Zimprich, F, Gasser, T, Gibbs, R, Heutink, P, Martinez, M, Morris, H, Sharma, M, Ryten, M, Mok, K, Pulit, S, Bevan, S, Holliday, E, Attia, J, Battey, T, Boncoraglio, G, Thijs, V, Chen, W, Mitchell, B, Rothwell, P, Sharma, P, Sudlow, C, Vicente, A, Markus, H, Kourkoulis, C, Pera, J, Raffeld, M, Silliman, S, Perica, V, Thornton, L, Huckins, L, William Rayner, N, Lewis, C, Gratacos, M, Rybakowski, F, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Raevuori, A, Hudson, J, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T, Monteleone, P, Karwautz, A, Mannik, K, Baker, J, O'Toole, J, Trace, S, Davis, O, Helder, S, Ehrlich, S, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Danner, U, Van Elburg, A, Clementi, M, Forzan, M, Docampo, E, Lissowska, J, Hauser, J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Kauwe, John S. K., Mcquillin, Andrew, Adams, Hieab H. H., Mccormack, Mark, Bau, Claiton H. D., Mcgough, James J., Mcintosh, Andrew, Andlauer, Till F. M., Macintyre, Donald J., Mcgrath, Lauren, Mclaughlin, Nicole, Delisi, Lynn, Mcdonald, Colm, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement (Inserm U1167 - RID-AGE - Institut Pasteur), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of South Florida (USF), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Alzheimer Precision Medicine GRC n°21 (APM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Johannes Kepler University Linz [linz] (JKU), Washington University in St Louis, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Charles University [Prague], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bergen (UIB), University Medicine Goettingen, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, UNSW Medicine [Sydney], McGill University, Universidad de Antioquia, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Service Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], University of Wollongong, Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 APM), Anttila, Verneri [0000-0002-0073-4675], Finucane, Hilary K [0000-0003-3864-9828], Walters, Raymond K [0000-0001-8422-6530], Duncan, Laramie [0000-0003-1131-661X], Escott-Price, Valentina [0000-0003-1784-5483], Falcone, Guido J [0000-0002-6407-0302], Gormley, Padhraig [0000-0002-8908-6968], Malik, Rainer [0000-0001-9212-2520], Ripke, Stephan [0000-0003-3622-835X], Wei, Zhi [0000-0001-6059-4267], Yu, Dongmei [0000-0001-7901-4365], Lee, Phil H [0000-0003-1770-3100], Breen, Gerome [0000-0003-2053-1792], Bulik, Cynthia M [0000-0001-7772-3264], Daly, Mark [0000-0002-0949-8752], Dichgans, Martin [0000-0002-0654-387X], Faraone, Stephen V [0000-0002-9217-3982], Holmans, Peter [0000-0003-0870-9412], Koeleman, Bobby [0000-0001-7749-182X], Mathews, Carol A [0000-0003-2208-7058], Sklar, Pamela [0000-0001-9715-4943], Williams, Julie [0000-0002-4069-0259], Wood, Nicholas W [0000-0002-9500-3348], Cotsapas, Chris [0000-0002-7772-5910], Smoller, Jordan W [0000-0002-0381-6334], Sullivan, Patrick [0000-0002-6619-873X], Rosand, Jonathan [0000-0002-1014-9138], Corvin, Aiden [0000-0001-6717-4089], Neale, Benjamin M [0000-0003-1513-6077], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Etiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Brain Diseases, body-mass index, genetics [Mental Disorders], Disorders of the Brain, Risks factors, classification [Mental Disorders], MESH: Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Genetic Variation, alzheimers-disease, 610 Medicine & health, bipolar disorder, Brain Diseases, deficit hyperactivity disorder, Multidisciplinary, Mental Disorders, genetics [Brain Diseases], Brain Disease, Brain, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Phenotype, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Psychiatric Disorders, anorexia-nervosa, Mental Disorder, Psychiatric Genomics, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], long-term survival, Engineering sciences. Technology, Human, General Science & Technology, population-based twin, diagnosis [Mental Disorders], MESH: Phenotype, Neurological Disorders, Quantitative Trait, MD Multidisciplinary, MESH: Mental Disorders, diagnosis [Brain Diseases], Heritable, genetic correlations, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, major depressive disorder, Risk Factor, Brain Diseases/classification, Brain Diseases/diagnosis, Brain Diseases/genetics, Mental Disorders/classification, Mental Disorders/diagnosis, Mental Disorders/genetics, classification [Brain Diseases], Perturbações do Desenvolvimento Infantil e Saúde Mental, ddc:320, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, genome-wide association, Brainstorm Consortium, Genetic Factors, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Brain disorders may exhibit shared symptoms and substantial epidemiological comorbidity, inciting debate about their etiologic overlap. However, detailed study of phenotypes with different ages of onset, severity, and presentation poses a considerable challenge. Recently developed heritability methods allow us to accurately measure correlation of genome-wide common variant risk between two phenotypes from pools of different individuals and assess how connected they, or at least their genetic risks, are on the genomic level. We used genome-wide association data for 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants, as well as 17 phenotypes from a total of 1,191,588 individuals, to quantify the degree of overlap for genetic risk factors of 25 common brain disorders. RATIONALE Over the past century, the classification of brain disorders has evolved to reflect the medical and scientific communities’ assessments of the presumed root causes of clinical phenomena such as behavioral change, loss of motor function, or alterations of consciousness. Directly observable phenomena (such as the presence of emboli, protein tangles, or unusual electrical activity patterns) generally define and separate neurological disorders from psychiatric disorders. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and categorical distinctions for brain disorders and related phenotypes may inform the search for their biological mechanisms. RESULTS Common variant risk for psychiatric disorders was shown to correlate significantly, especially among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia. By contrast, neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders, except for migraine, which was significantly correlated to ADHD, MDD, and Tourette syndrome. We demonstrate that, in the general population, the personality trait neuroticism is significantly correlated with almost every psychiatric disorder and migraine. We also identify significant genetic sharing between disorders and early life cognitive measures (e.g., years of education and college attainment) in the general population, demonstrating positive correlation with several psychiatric disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorder) and negative correlation with several neurological phenotypes (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke), even though the latter are considered to result from specific processes that occur later in life. Extensive simulations were also performed to inform how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity influence genetic correlations. CONCLUSION The high degree of genetic correlation among many of the psychiatric disorders adds further evidence that their current clinical boundaries do not reflect distinct underlying pathogenic processes, at least on the genetic level. This suggests a deeply interconnected nature for psychiatric disorders, in contrast to neurological disorders, and underscores the need to refine psychiatric diagnostics. Genetically informed analyses may provide important “scaffolding” to support such restructuring of psychiatric nosology, which likely requires incorporating many levels of information. By contrast, we find limited evidence for widespread common genetic risk sharing among neurological disorders or across neurological and psychiatric disorders. We show that both psychiatric and neurological disorders have robust correlations with cognitive and personality measures. Further study is needed to evaluate whether overlapping genetic contributions to psychiatric pathology may influence treatment choices. Ultimately, such developments may pave the way toward reduced heterogeneity and improved diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Published
2018
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42. A genome-wide linkage and association scan reveals novel loci for autism

Author

Weiss, Lauren A., Arking, Dan E., Daly, Mark J., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Brune, Camille W., West, Kristen, O’Connor, Ashley, Hilton, Gina, Tomlinson, Rebecca L., West, Andrew B., Cook, Edwin H., Jr, Green, Todd, Chang, Shun-Chiao, Gabriel, Stacey, Gates, Casey, Hanson, Ellen M., Kirby, Andrew, Korn, Joshua, Kuruvilla, Finny, McCarroll, Steven, Morrow, Eric M., Neale, Benjamin, Purcell, Shaun, Sasanfar, Roksana, Sougnez, Carrie, Stevens, Christine, Altshuler, David, Gusella, James, Santangelo, Susan L., Sklar, Pamela, Tanzi, Rudolph, Anney, Richard, Bailey, Anthony J., Baird, Gillian, Battaglia, Agatino, Berney, Tom, Betancur, Catalina, Bölte, Sven, Bolton, Patrick F., Brian, Jessica, Bryson, Susan E., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Cabrito, Ines, Cai, Guiqing, Cantor, Rita M., Coon, Hilary, Conroy, Judith, Correia, Catarina, Corsello, Christina, Crawford, Emily L., Cuccaro, Michael L., Dawson, Geraldine, de Jonge, Maretha, Devlin, Bernie, Duketis, Eftichia, Ennis, Sean, Estes, Annette, Farrar, Penny, Fombonne, Eric, Freitag, Christine M., Gallagher, Louise, Geschwind, Daniel H., Gilbert, John, Gill, Michael, Gillberg, Christopher, Goldberg, Jeremy, Green, Andrew, Green, Jonathan, Guter, Stephen J., Haines, Jonathan L., Hallmayer, Joachim F., Hus, Vanessa, Klauck, Sabine M., Korvatska, Olena, Lamb, Janine A., Laskawiec, Magdalena, Leboyer, Marion, Le Couteur, Ann, Leventhal, Bennett L., Liu, Xiao-Qing, Lord, Catherine, Lotspeich, Linda J., Maestrini, Elena, Magalhaes, Tiago, Mahoney, William, Mantoulan, Carine, McConachie, Helen, McDougle, Christopher J., McMahon, William M., Marshall, Christian R., Miller, Judith, Minshew, Nancy J., Monaco, Anthony P., Munson, Jeff, Nurnberger, John I., Jr, Oliveira, Guiomar, Pagnamenta, Alistair, Papanikolaou, Katerina, Parr, Jeremy R., Paterson, Andrew D., Pericak-Vance, Margaret A., Pickles, Andrew, Pinto, Dalila, Piven, Joseph, Posey, David J., Poustka, Annemarie, Poustka, Fritz, Regan, Regina, Reichert, Jennifer, Renshaw, Katy, Roberts, Wendy, Roge, Bernadette, Rutter, Michael L., Salt, Jeff, Schellenberg, Gerard D., Scherer, Stephen W., Sheffield, Val, Sutcliffe, James S., Szatmari, Peter, Tansey, Katherine, Thompson, Ann P., Tsiantis, John, Van Engeland, Herman, Vicente, Astrid M., Vieland, Veronica J., Volkmar, Fred, Wallace, Simon, Wassink, Thomas H., Wijsman, Ellen M., Wing, Kirsty, Wittemeyer, Kerstin, Yaspan, Brian L., Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie, Yoo, Seung-Yun, Sean Hill, Robert, Mukaddes, Nahit M., Balkhy, Soher, Gascon, Generoso, Al-Saad, Samira, Hashmi, Asif, Ware, Janice, Joseph, Robert M., LeClair, Elaine, Partlow, Jennifer N., Barry, Brenda, Walsh, Christopher A., Pauls, David, Moilanen, Irma, Ebeling, Hanna, Mattila, Marja-Leena, Kuusikko, Sanna, Jussila, Katja, Ignatius, Jaakko, Tolouei, Ala, Ghadami, Majid, Rostami, Maryam, Hosseinipour, Azam, Valujerdi, Maryam, Andresen, Kara, Winkloski, Brian, Haddad, Stephen, Kunkel, Lou, Kohane, Zak, Tran, Tram, Won Kong, Sek, O’Neil, Stephanie Brewster, Hundley, Rachel, Holm, Ingrid, Peters, Heather, Baroni, Elizabeth, Cangialose, Aislyn, Jackson, Lindsay, Albers, Lisa, Becker, Ronald, Bridgemohan, Carolyn, Friedman, Sandra, Munir, Kerim, Nazir, Ramzi, Palfrey, Judith, Schonwald, Alison, Simmons, Esau, Rappaport, Leonard A., Gauthier, Julie, Mottron, Laurent, Joober, Ridha, Rouleau, Guy, Rehnstrom, Karola, von Wendt, Lennart, and Peltonen, Leena

Published
2009
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45. Macrocephaly in children and adults with autism

Author

Lainhart, Janet E., Piven, Joseph, Wzorek, Maryann, Landa, Rebecca, Santangelo, Susan L., Coon, Hilary, and Folstein, Susan E.

Subjects
Autism -- Research, Head -- Abnormalities, Family and marriage, Psychology and mental health
Published
1997

46. Clinical correlates of enuresis in ADHD and non-ADHD children

Author

Biederman, Joseph, Santangelo, Susan L., Faraone, Stephen V., Kiely, Kathleen, Guite, Jessica, Mick, Eric, Reed, Ellen D., Kraus, Ilana, Jellinek, Michael, and Perrin, James

Subjects
Enuresis -- Psychological aspects, Developmental disabilities -- Research, Urination disorders -- Psychological aspects, Behavior disorders in children -- Research, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Clinical implications of enuresis differ for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and non ADHD children. A study of 140 boys, 6-17 years old, with DSM-111-R-ADHD and 120 non-ADHD controls shows that enuresis does not increase the risk for psychopathology in children with or without ADHD and it is not related with developmental immaturity or psychological adversity. Enuresis is associated with enhanced risks for learning disability, impaired intellectual functioning and school performance in normal control children but not in ADHD children. The results held the same pattern even after the children were stratified by clinical status.

Published
1995

48. Alcohol use and abuse in random samples of physicians and medical students

Author

McAuliffe, William E., Rohman, Mary, Breer, Paul, Wyshak, Grace, Santangelo, Susan, and Magnuson, Elizabeth

Subjects
Medical students -- Alcohol use, Physicians -- Alcohol use, Government, Health care industry
Abstract

Some studies have suggested that there is significant use of controlled drugs for self-treatment among physicians, pharmacists, and students in these fields. Studies of alcohol use among these professionals and students have varied in their conclusions. In the past, surveys, which tend to provide the most valid picture, have not been well designed when studying alcohol use among physicians. This article presents the results of a survey of alcohol use among 337 physicians, 312 pharmacists, 381 medical students, and 278 pharmacy students. The extent of alcohol use and patterns of drinking were similar among all four groups. Twice as many pharmacists and pharmacy students, 10 to 11 percent, were abstainers. Ten and 12 percent of physicians and pharmacists, respectively, were heavy drinkers, compared to 6 percent of medical and pharmacy students. Few heavy drinkers admitted to having a drinking problem. The survey further characterized lifetime drinking behavior, alcohol-related dysfunctions, and lifetime and potential abusers. Male physicians drank more than female doctors, but the tendency toward alcohol abuse was similar in each. The incidence of heavy drinking increased with age among male physicians, as opposed to the decreasing incidence with age among all US men. The study indicates that physicians are no more at risk for alcohol abuse than are other professionals. The study suggests, however, that given the critical nature of physicians' work, the risk of abuse and impairment from alcohol should not be ignored. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

49. A study of the prevalence and risk factors leading to HIV infection among a sample of street children and youth of Kathmandu

Author

Karmacharya Dibesh, Yu Dongmei, Dixit Sameer, Rajbhandari Rajesh, Subedi Bhawana, Shrestha Sonu, Manandhar Sulochana, and Santangelo Susan L

Subjects
HIV prevalence, Behavioural risk factors, Intravenous drug use, Street children, Kathmandu, Nepal, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Abstract Background The true prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among street children in Nepal is virtually unknown while information on related behavioural risk factors in this population is non-existent. The risk of HIV infection among street children and adolescents may be especially high due to their marginalized social and economic conditions. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among a sample of street children and youth of Kathmandu and to identify risk factors associated with HIV infection in this group. A sample of street children and youth was recruited based on the purposive sampling of ten streets in Kathmandu, Nepal, known to have a high density of street children and youth. A total of 251 street children (aged 11–16 years) and youth (aged 17–24 years) were enrolled, with informed consent, from November, 2008 through June, 2009. Most of the participants (95%) were male. Case status was determined by serological assessment of HIV status; data on risk factors were obtained using structured survey interviews. HIV prevalence and rates of a number of behavioural risk factors suspected to play a role in HIV transmission among street children and youth were determined, including unprotected sex, intravenous drug use, and other risky sex and substance use behaviours. Results Among the 251 children and youth, we found an overall HIV prevalence of 7.6%. As the sample size of females was small (n = 13) and the behavioural risk factors are likely to be quite different for boys and girls, we conducted separate analyses by gender. As our small sample of females is unlikely to be representative and lacks power for statistical testing, our report focuses on the results for the males surveyed.The strongest behavioural risk factor to emerge from this study was intravenous drug use; 30% of the male subjects were injecting drug users and 20% of those were HIV positive. Furthermore, frequency of drug injection was a highly significant predictor with a dose–response relationship; males reporting occasional injection drug use were nearly 9 times more likely to be HIV positive than never users, while weekly drug injectors had over 46 times the risk of non-users, controlling for exposure to group sex, the only other significant risk factor in the multivariate model. Conclusions This sample of street children and youth of Kathmandu has a nearly 20-fold higher prevalence of HIV infection than the general population of Nepal (0.39%). The children and youth engage in number of high risk behaviours, including intravenous drug use, putting them at significant risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.

Published
2012
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