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Dialyzable leukocyte extracts are clinically used under different commercial names (IMMUNEPOTENT CRP®, IMMODIN®, Transferon®) to modulate the immune response altered by pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infections. The purpose of this study is to improve the production process of bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract without decreasing its biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral). Our product modification consists of adding a dry heating step in the production process. In this study, we evaluated and compared the chemical composition (bromatological analysis), physical structure (infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM, and zeta potential) and biological function of the dialyzable leukocyte extracts obtained from fresh and dry bovine spleens. Our results showed that the use of a drying step in the production process of the bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (bDLE) did not affect its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and it improved its antitumor properties. We suggest that this process modification could be applied to other biological products, such as dialyzable leukocyte extracts derived from other sources, in order to improve its functionality and formulation.

Rabies is a fatal viral infection that causes enc ephalitis in warm-blooded animals, including humans. Dog-transmitted rabies is considered eradicated in Mexico; however, rabies is not being tested in livestock with neurological symptoms (one of the main manifestations of rabies disease). In this case report, we describe a rabies case in a white-tailed deer in the Santo Domingo ranch, in Catazajá, Chiapas, Mexico, where white-tailed deer are kept under captivity, and are meant for human consumption. This is the first report of a rabies case in white-tailed deer in Mexico. We also describe the challenges to obtain a rabies diagnosis and the lack of public health policies to ensure containment of the disease, as well as the lack of awareness among farmers in the area. One single confirmed case of rabies indicates that more animals are affected by the disease. The risk for human health and economical losses will remain unknown until rabies tests are routinely performed in animals that present neurological symptoms.

IMMUNEPOTENT CRP is a dialyzable leukocyte extract obtained from bovine spleen with immunomodulatory and antitumour properties; therefore, when administrated as an adjuvant therapy for cancer patients, it has increased their survival and quality of life. The bioavailability of any orally administered compound can be reduced due to gastrointestinal enzymes. In this study, we evaluated if IMMUNEPOTENT CRP is resistant to the treatment with different enzymes (proteases, nucleases, polysaccharide-degrading enzymes or lipase), using as parameters for biological activity measurement its in vitro antitumour and antioxidant properties and in vivo the antitumour effect of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP treated with proteinase K. In conclusion, we consider necessary to include the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity on the MCF-7 cancer cell line as parameters for the quantitative determination of biological activity or potency tests for batch release. Additionally, the results showed that different enzymatic treatments do not affect the antitumour and antioxidant activities of IMMUNEPOTENT CRP in vitro, suggesting that this product can be administered orally without any loss of biological activity. Furthermore, IMMUNEPOTENT CRP treatment with proteinase K increases the antitumour activity in vivo.

El extracto dializable de leucocitos (EDL) es una mezcla de moléculas de bajo peso molecular derivadas de tejido linfoide desintegrado, las cuales han sido empleadas para el tratamiento de diversas patologías tales como inmunodeficiencias, enfermedades infecciosas y como adyuvante en el tratamiento del cáncer. El IMMUNEPOTENT CRP (ICRP) es un EDL de bazo bovino producido por el Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología de la Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (San Nicolás de los Garza, México). Debido a sus propiedades inmunomoduladoras y antitumorales su administración como terapia adyuvante ha extendido el período de sobrevivencia y mejorado la calidad de vida de pacientes con neoplasias. El desarrollo de fármacos usualmente implica el estudio de la interacción de este con su sitio blanco. Sin embargo, pocos estudios analizan el efecto de las enzimas a las que se ve expuesto su compuesto resultando en una biodisponibilidad del fármaco menor a la estimada. En este estudio evaluamos los efectos antitumoral y antioxidante in vitro del IMMUNEPOTENT CRP tratado con diferentes enzimas para determinar si su actividad biológica se veía afectada, encontrando que el IMMUNEPOTENT CRP tratado con enzimas disminuye de una manera dependiente de dosis la viabilidad celular de la línea MCF7 y presenta actividad antioxidante, independientemente del tratamiento enzimático (proteasas, nucleasas, polisacaridasas o lipasa) al que se vió expuesto. Además, implementamos por primera vez la inoculación de tumor en un modelo de bolsa de aire para demostrar que la actividad citotóxica del IMMUNEPOTENT CRP sobre líneas de cáncer, es una propiedad que se mantiene in vivo. Con estos resultados podemos concluir los diferentes tratamientos enzimáticos no afectan la actividad antitumoral ni antioxidante del IMMUNEPOTENT CRP; sugiriendo que nuestro producto puede ser administrado por vía oral sin afectarse su actividad biológica.