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5. Improving Nutrition and Physical Activity in the Elderly Living at Home - ALAPAGE Study

Author

Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, University of Avignon, University of Bordeaux, Caisse d'assurance retraite et santé au travail du Sud-Est, Mutualité Française Sud, Association santé éducation et prévention sur les territoires de Paca, Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique, France, and Agence Régionale de Santé Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Published
2024

8. MOTIVAC-MATER-Confiance

Author

CRES PACA Marseille, Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique, France, Hospital St. Joseph, Marseille, France, Hôpital Sainte-Musse CH Toulon, Université de Sherbrooke, and Pierre Verger, Head of ORS PACA (Observatoire Régional de la Santé - Provence-Alpes-Côte-d'Azur)

Published
2023

15. Screening for Excessive Gambling Behaviors on the Internet (EDEIN)

Author

Université de Nantes, ODJ (Observatoire des Jeux), ARJEL (Autorité de Régulation des Jeux En Ligne), MILDECA (Mission Interministérielle de Lutte contre les Drogues Et les Conduites Addictives), University of Paris 13, and Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique, France

Published
2020

17. Trends and determinants of condomless sex in gonorrhoea patients diagnosed in France through the sentinel surveillance network ResIST, 2005–2014

Author

Oche Adam Itodo, Delphine Viriot, Annie Velter, Lucie Leon, Nicolas Dupin, Beatrice Bercot, Agathe Goubard, François Lassau, Sébastien Fouere, Pervenche Martinet, William Tosini, Sophie Florence, Referents for the Regional Offices of the French National Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), Florence Lot, and Ndeindo Ndeikoundam Ngangro

Subjects
Gonorrhoea, France, MSM, Surveillance, Sexual behaviour, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Gonorrhoea is increasing in France since its resurgence in the late 1990’s. Understanding trends of condomless sex is a requirement to tailor prevention toward most exposed individuals. This study aims to analyse trends and determinants of condomless penetrative sex (PS) in MSM and heterosexuals diagnosed with gonorrhoea in France. Methods A standardized self-administered questionnaire filled by 3453 patients was used to monitor condomless sex through the sentinel surveillance network ResIST between 2005 and 2014. Trends were used to describe consistent condom use for penetrative sex (PS). A logistic regression model analysed patients’ characteristics associated with condomless PS. Results Between 2005 and 2014, condomless PS increased regardless of sexual orientation. Condomless PS was particularly common among HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM (65%)). People living in metropolitan regions outside Paris area (adjusted odds-ratio (AOR) [95% CI] =1.33[1.12–1.58]) were more likely to engage in condomless PS. Conversely, MSM (AOR [95% CI] =0.21 [0.16–0.29]), HIV seronegative patients (AOR [95% CI] =0.68 [0.51–0.89]), patients diagnosed in hospital (AOR [95% CI] = 0.66 [0.45–0.97]) and multi-partners (≥ 10 partners, AOR [95% CI] = 0.54 [0.40–0.74]) were more likely to use condoms. Conclusions These findings highlight a decreasing use of condom in MSM and heterosexuals diagnosed with gonorrhoea. Prevention strategies should take in account drivers of condomless sex in a context of uncontrolled STI epidemics.

Published
2020
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20. Trends and determinants of condomless sex in gonorrhoea patients diagnosed in France through the sentinel surveillance network ResIST, 2005-2014.

Author

Itodo, Oche Adam, Viriot, Delphine, Velter, Annie, Leon, Lucie, Dupin, Nicolas, Bercot, Beatrice, Goubard, Agathe, Lassau, François, Fouere, Sébastien, Martinet, Pervenche, Tosini, William, Florence, Sophie, Referents for the Regional Offices of the French National Public Health Agency (Santé Publique France), Aubert, Lyderic, Belchior, Emmanuel, Brottet, Elise, Etchevers, Anne, Etienne, Aurélie, Gagnière, Bertrand, and Mano, Quiterie

Subjects
GONORRHEA, UNSAFE sex, MEN who have sex with men, HUMAN sexuality, GONORRHEA diagnosis, HIV infections, SENTINEL health events, HOMOSEXUALITY, CONDOMS, SEXUAL partners
Abstract

Background: Gonorrhoea is increasing in France since its resurgence in the late 1990's. Understanding trends of condomless sex is a requirement to tailor prevention toward most exposed individuals. This study aims to analyse trends and determinants of condomless penetrative sex (PS) in MSM and heterosexuals diagnosed with gonorrhoea in France.Methods: A standardized self-administered questionnaire filled by 3453 patients was used to monitor condomless sex through the sentinel surveillance network ResIST between 2005 and 2014. Trends were used to describe consistent condom use for penetrative sex (PS). A logistic regression model analysed patients' characteristics associated with condomless PS.Results: Between 2005 and 2014, condomless PS increased regardless of sexual orientation. Condomless PS was particularly common among HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM (65%)). People living in metropolitan regions outside Paris area (adjusted odds-ratio (AOR) [95% CI] =1.33[1.12-1.58]) were more likely to engage in condomless PS. Conversely, MSM (AOR [95% CI] =0.21 [0.16-0.29]), HIV seronegative patients (AOR [95% CI] =0.68 [0.51-0.89]), patients diagnosed in hospital (AOR [95% CI] = 0.66 [0.45-0.97]) and multi-partners (≥ 10 partners, AOR [95% CI] = 0.54 [0.40-0.74]) were more likely to use condoms.Conclusions: These findings highlight a decreasing use of condom in MSM and heterosexuals diagnosed with gonorrhoea. Prevention strategies should take in account drivers of condomless sex in a context of uncontrolled STI epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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21. Effectiveness of a French mass‐media campaign in raising knowledge of both long‐term alcohol‐related harms and low‐risk drinking guidelines, and in lowering alcohol consumption

Author

Guillemette Quatremère, Romain Guignard, Chloé Cogordan, Raphaël Andler, Karine Gallopel‐Morvan, Viêt Nguyen‐Thanh, Santé publique France Guyane, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], ORS PACA, Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recherche sur les services et le management en santé (RSMS), Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut du Management (IDM), and This study was funded by Santé publique France

Subjects
knowledge, Psychiatry and Mental health, evaluation, prevention, low-risk drinking guidelines, long-term alcohol-related harms, effectiveness, Medicine (miscellaneous), alcohol-related risks, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, media campaign, Alcohol, social marketing
Abstract

International audience; Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a French mass-media campaign in raising knowledge of both long-term alcohol-related harms (LTH) and low-risk drinking guidelines (LRDG), as well as in lowering alcohol consumption.Design: An 8-month longitudinal survey from February to October 2019, with three waves of on-line data collection (T0 before the campaign, T1 just after it ended and T2 6 months after it ended).Setting: France.Participants: A total of 2538 adult drinkers (aged 18-75 years).Measurements: The main outcomes' variables were LTH knowledge (cancer, hypertension, brain haemorrhage), LRDG knowledge (two guidelines: 'maximum of two drinks a day' and 'minimum of 2 days without alcohol per week'), intention to reduce alcohol consumption and self-declared consumption with respect to the French LRDG. At T1, exposure to the campaign was measured using self-reported campaign recall.Findings: In T1, we observed significant positive interactions between exposure group based on campaign recall and survey waves on knowledge of (i) the 'maximum two drinks a day' guideline [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.62, P = 0.008], (ii) brain haemorrhage (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.44-2.25, P < 0.001) and (iii) hypertension (aOR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.09-1.81, P = 0.008) risks. Campaign exposure was also associated with a significant decrease in at-risk drinking in women (aOR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.50-0.88, P = 0.004). No significant interaction was observed at T1 for the knowledge of the 'minimum of 2 days without alcohol a week' guideline, or of cancer risk. At T2, no significant interaction was observed for the main outcomes' variables.Conclusions: There appears to be an association between exposure to a 2019 French mass-media campaign to raise knowledge of long-term alcohol-related harms and low-risk drinking guidelines and reduce alcohol consumption and (i) improved knowledge of the 'maximum two drinks per day guideline', (ii) knowledge of the risks of hypertension and brain haemorrhage and (iii) a reduction in the proportion of people exceeding low-risk drinking guidelines (in the general population only). These associations were only observed over the short term and, in some cases, only for certain segments of the population.

Published
2022

22. Analyse des risques pour la santé humaine et animale liés aux tiques du genre Hyalomma en France

Author

Bonnet, Sarah, Baize, Sylvain, Bertagnoli, Stéphane, Falchi, Alessandra, Figoni, Julie, Hoch, Thierry, Moutailler, Sara, Raffetin, Alice, René-Martellet, Magalie, Stachurski, Frederic, Vial, Laurence, Vourc’h, Gwenaël, Quillery, Elsa, Fite, Johanna, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Università di Corsica Pasquale Paoli [Université de Corse Pascal Paoli], Partenaires INRAE, Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Biologie moléculaire et immunologie parasitaires et fongiques (BIPAR), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Normandie, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Villeneuve-Saint-Georges (CHIV), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Unité Mixte de Recherche d'Épidémiologie des maladies Animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Anses, and Druesne, Christine

Subjects
human health, animal health, Fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo, risk analysis, santé animale, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], agents pathogènes, Hyalomma marginatum, virus, vector-borne disease, vecteur, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], santé humaine, Hyalomma, FHCC, France, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), Tique, tick-borne virus, vector, pathogen agents, maladie vectorielle, Tick, analyse de risque
Abstract

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Analyse des risques pour la santé humaine et animale liés aux tiques du genreHyalomma en France. (Saisine 2020-SA-0039). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 300 p.; Les populations de tiques du genre Hyalomma sont considérées en augmentation sur unepartie de leur aire de répartition, qui semble s'étendre en Europe depuis la fin du XXe siècle.La tique Hyalomma marginatum est présente en Corse depuis plusieurs décennies (Grech-Angelini et al. 2016). Hyalomma marginatum est considérée comme une espèce de tique invasive en France continentale, de récentes publications confirmant son installation sur le littoral méditerranéen (Vial et al. 2016; Stachurski et Vial 2018; Bahet al. 2022). D’autres espèces de Hyalomma sont également présentes en France, H. scupense en Corse (Grech-Angelini , 2016) et sur le continent (Vial et Stachurski, comm. pers.), et des données récentes montrent que H. lusitanicum serait également installée en France continentale (Stachurski, comm. pers.).Cette évolution est préoccupante, car ces tiques sont vectrices de nombreux agents pathogènes responsables de maladies pour l’être humain (notamment du virus de la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo – FHCC – ou de Rickettsies) et de maladies animales (notamment Babesia caballi responsable de la piroplasmose équine).Le virus de la FHCC (CCHFV) est responsable, chez l’être humain, de flambées de fièvre hémorragique sévère, dont le taux de létalité varie de 5 à près de 30 % (Spengler, Bergeron,et Spiropoulou 2019). Une séroprévalence du CCHFV de l’ordre de 10 % aurait récemment été mise en évidence chez les ruminants domestiques en Corse, sans qu’aucun cas humain n’ait encore été observé (Grech-Angelini et al. 2020). En 2016, deux cas autochtones de FHCC ont été confirmés à Madrid (Negredo et al. 2017), pour la première fois en Europe de l’Ouest.Une étude rétrospective, menée en 2020, a montré qu'un cas de FHCC était survenu dans la même province en 2013 (Negredo et al 2021). Depuis, des cas de FHCC, dont certains mortels, sont rapportés quasiment tous les ans en Espagne (2018, 2020, 2021, 2022). De plus, la circulation du virus est en recrudescence dans la région des Balkans et en Turquie.Aussi, l’Anses s’est autosaisie le 4 mars 2020 pour analyser les risques pour la santé humaineet animale liés aux tiques du genre Hyalomma en France.

Published
2023

23. Prevalence and risk factors associated with prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in France: The national CONSTANCES cohort

Author

Grégory Lailler, Sonsoles Fuentes, Sofiane Kab, Clara Piffaretti, Marie Guion, Sébastien Czernichow, Emmanuel Cosson, Sandrine Fosse-Edorh, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], DMNTT/Direction des maladies non transmissibles et traumatismes [Saint-Maurice, France] (Santé publique France), parent, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Jean Verdier [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Agence nationale de la recherche, the Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Maladie-CNAM, the Institut de Recherche en Santé Publique/Institut Thématique Santé Publique, the Ministère de la santé et des sports, the Ministère délégué à la recherche, the Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, the Institut national du cancer and the Caisse nationale de solidarité pour l'autonomie. CONSTANCES is also partly funded by MSD and and L'Oréal through INSERM-Transfert., ANR-11-INBS-0002,CONSTANCES,La cohorte CONSTANCES - Infrastructure épidémiologique ouverte pour la recherche et la surveillance(2011), Demarquay, Sandrine, and Infrastructures - La cohorte CONSTANCES - Infrastructure épidémiologique ouverte pour la recherche et la surveillance - - CONSTANCES2011 - ANR-11-INBS-0002 - INBS - VALID

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Diabetes mellitus, Risk factors, Epidemiology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Prevalence, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Obesity, Abdominal obesity, Socioeconomic factors, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Prediabetes
Abstract

International audience; AimsTo assess the prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in France between 2013 and 2014 using data from the CONSTANCES cohort, and to identify factors associated with prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes.MethodsThe study population comprised participants recruited in 2013–2014 in CONSTANCES, an ongoing French national prospective cohort following participants aged 18–69 years who are covered by France's general health insurance scheme. Participants completed a questionnaire at baseline and underwent a medical examination which included providing blood samples. Undiagnosed diabetes was defined as a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 7 mmol/l and diagnosed diabetes as self-report or identification of reimbursements for anti-diabetics. Prediabetes was defined as a FPG ≥ 6 mmol/l but < 7 mmol/l.Results25,137 participants were included in the analyses. The overall prevalence of prediabetes was 7.2% [95% confidence interval: 6.7–7.7], 1.6% [1.4–1.9] for undiagnosed diabetes, and 4.0% [3.6–4.4] for diagnosed diabetes. These rates were significantly higher in men, in older persons, in persons with obesity, and in those with lower education levels. In multivariate regression models, excessive corpulence was the variable most strongly associated with undiagnosed diabetes (adjusted Odds Ratio=9.31) and prediabetes (aOR=3.85). Additionally, male sex, older age, family history of diabetes, at-risk alcohol use, and lower education level were all positively associated with undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes.ConclusionDiabetes and prediabetes prevention together with screening for undiagnosed diabetes must be strengthened for persons with low socioeconomic status and for those with obesity or overweight.

Published
2023

24. Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions, weather, vaccination, and variants on COVID-19 transmission across departments in France

Author

Juliette Paireau, Marie-Laure Charpignon, Sophie Larrieu, Clémentine Calba, Nathanaël Hozé, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Rodolphe Thiebaut, Mélanie Prague, Simon Cauchemez, Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division [Saint-Maurice], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), MIT Institute for Data, Systems, and Society [Cambridge, MA] (IDSS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Statistics In System biology and Translational Medicine (SISTM), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Bordeaux], Santé publique France Provence-Alpes-Côte d'azur et Corse - Provence-Alps-French Riviera and Corsica [Marseille], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), We acknowledge financial support from the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), Santé publique France, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR16-CONV-0005), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 101003589 (RECOVER) and 874735 (VEO), AXA, Groupama, the French Agency for Research on AIDS and Emerging Infectious Diseases via the EMERGEN project (ANRS0151), and the National Research Agency (ANR) through the ANR-Flash call for COVID-19 (grant ANR-20-COVI-0018)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), ANR-20-COVI-0018,TheraCoV,Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales(2020), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), and European Project: 874735,H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD,VEO(2020)

Subjects
variants, Infectious Diseases, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, reproduction number, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, vaccination, non-pharmaceutical interventions, climate, multivariable regression model
Abstract

Background Multiple factors shape the temporal dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantifying their relative contributions is key to guide future control strategies. Our objective was to disentangle the individual effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), weather, vaccination, and variants of concern (VOC) on local SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods We developed a log-linear model for the weekly reproduction number (R) of hospital admissions in 92 French metropolitan departments. We leveraged (i) the homogeneity in data collection and NPI definitions across departments, (ii) the spatial heterogeneity in the timing of NPIs, and (iii) an extensive observation period (14 months) covering different weather conditions, VOC proportions, and vaccine coverage levels. Findings Three lockdowns reduced R by 72.7% (95% CI 71.3–74.1), 70.4% (69.2–71.6) and 60.7% (56.4–64.5), respectively. Curfews implemented at 6/7 pm and 8/9 pm reduced R by 34.3% (27.9–40.2) and 18.9% (12.04–25.3), respectively. School closures reduced R by only 4.9% (2.0–7.8). We estimated that vaccination of the entire population would have reduced R by 71.7% (56.4–81.6), whereas the emergence of VOC (mainly Alpha during the study period) increased transmission by 44.6% (36.1–53.6) compared with the historical variant. Winter weather conditions (lower temperature and absolute humidity) increased R by 42.2% (37.3–47.3) compared to summer weather conditions. Additionally, we explored counterfactual scenarios (absence of VOC or vaccination) to assess their impact on hospital admissions. Interpretation Our study demonstrates the strong effectiveness of NPIs and vaccination and quantifies the role of weather while adjusting for other confounders. It highlights the importance of retrospective evaluation of interventions to inform future decision-making.

Published
2023

25. Digital contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic in France: Associated factors and reasons for non-use

Author

Rajae Touzani, Emilien Schultz, Stéphanie Vandentorren, Pierre Arwidson, Francis Guillemin, Anne-Déborah Bouhnik, Alexandra Rouquette, Julien Mancini, Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC), Centre population et développement (CEPED - UMR_D 196), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Centre d'investigation clinique [Nancy] (CIC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Réseau Francophone de la Littératie en Santé, Santé Publique France, and Ligue Contre le Cancer

Subjects
HLS19, Contact tracing, Mobile app, COVID-19, Health Informatics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Precarious people, TousAntiCovid
Abstract

International audience; Objectives: To estimate the proportion of users of the TousAntiCovid app(lication) and identify factors associated with its non-use for contact tracing. Methods: We conducted an online survey of a quota sample of French adults between 8 and 18 January 2021. Three categories of TousAntiCovid use were considered: contact tracing, other or temporary usage, and no use. A weighted multiple logistic regression was performed to analyze the factors associated with these different uses. Results: Among the 1 000 respondents, 63.3% declared they had never downloaded the TousAntiCovid app, 23.5% used it for contact tracing. The remaining 13.2% did not enable contact tracing, mainly because of excessive battery consumption and fear of misuse of personal data. Trust in political representatives, financial deprivation and other factors were associated with never downloading the app. Conclusion: This study confirms the previously suggested links between trust in political representatives, financial deprivation and the use of contact tracing apps in France.

Published
2023

26. Countrywide multi-serotype outbreak of Salmonella Bovismorbificans ST142 and monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 associated with dried pork sausages in France, September 2020* to January 2021

Author

Maria Pardos de la Gandara, Nelly Fournet, Laetitia Bonifait, Sophie Lefèvre, Marianne Chemaly, Charlotte Grastilleur, Sabrina Cadel-Six, Patrick Fach, Agnès Pignault, Anne Brisabois, Nathalie Jourdan-Da Silva, François-Xavier Weill, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Bactéries pathogènes entériques (BPE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence - National Reference Center Escherichia coli, Shigella et Salmonella (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Direction Générale de l'Alimentation (DGAL), Ministère de l'agriculture, de l'agroalimentaire et de la forêt, Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), and Direction de la Stratégie et des Programmes (DSP)

Subjects
MESH: Red Meat, MESH: Meat Products, MESH: Salmonella Food Poisoning, Bovismorbificans, outbreak, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Pork Meat, MESH: Salmonella typhimurium, Typhimurium, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: France, multi-serotype, Salmonella, Virology, cgMLST, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Swine
Abstract

Raw reads of the 34 genomes of S. Bovismorbificans and 12 genomes of S. Typhimurium from human and food origin in this study were submitted to the European Nucleotide Archive under project numbers PRJEB41645 and PRJEB49565.; International audience; The French National Reference Centre for Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella (FNRC-ESS) detected two human clusters of 33 cases (median age: 10 years; 17 females) infected by Salmonella enterica serotype Bovismorbificans, ST142, HC5_243255 (EnteroBase HierCC‑cgMLST scheme) in September-November 2020 and of 11 cases (median age: 11 years; seven males) infected by S. enterica serotype 4,12:i:-, ST34, HC5_198125 in October-December 2020. Epidemiological investigations conducted by Santé publique France linked these outbreaks to the consumption of dried pork sausages from the same manufacturer. S. Bovismorbificans and S. 4,12:i:- were isolated by the National Reference Laboratory from different food samples, but both strains were identified in a single food sample only by qPCR. Three recalls and withdrawals of dried pork products were issued by the French general directorate of food of the French ministry for agriculture and food in November 2020, affecting eight supermarket chains. A notification on the European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed and a European urgent enquiry on the Epidemic Intelligence Information System for Food and Waterborne Diseases and Zoonoses (EPIS-FWD) were launched. No cases were reported outside France. Outbreaks caused by multiple serotypes of Salmonella may go undetected by protocols in standard procedures in microbiology laboratories.

Published
2023

27. Reconstructing Mayotte 2018–19 Rift Valley Fever outbreak in humans by combining serological and surveillance data

Author

Jonathan Bastard, Guillaume André Durand, Fanny Parenton, Youssouf Hassani, Laure Dommergues, Juliette Paireau, Nathanaël Hozé, Marc Ruello, Gilda Grard, Raphaëlle Métras, Harold Noël, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Groupement de Défense Sanitaire Mayotte (GDS 976), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and This work was funded by internal resources of Santé Publique France.

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a zoonosis that affects large parts of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. RVF virus (RVFV) is transmitted to humans through contacts with infected animals, animal products, mosquito bites or aerosols. Its pathogenesis in humans ranges from asymptomatic forms to potentially deadly haemorrhagic fevers, and the true burden of human infections during outbreaks is generally unknown.We build a model fitted to both passive surveillance data and serological data collected throughout a RVF epidemic that occurred in Mayotte Island in 2018-2019.We estimate that RVFV infected 10,797 (95% CrI 4,728-16,127) people aged ≥15 years old in Mayotte during the entire outbreak, among which only 1.2% (0.67%-2.2%) were reported to the syndromic surveillance system. RVFV IgG seroprevalence in people ≥15 years old was estimated to increase from 5.5% (3.6%-7.7%) before the outbreak to 12.9% (10.4%-16.3%) thereafter.Our results suggest that a large part of RVFV infected people present subclinical forms of the disease and/or do not reach medical care that could lead to their detection by the surveillance system. This may threaten the implementation of exhaustive RVF surveillance and adequate control programs in affected countries.Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a disease caused by a virus transmitted from livestock animals to humans by mosquito bites, aerosols or direct contact with infected animals or animal products. In some parts of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, the virus can lead to large outbreaks in both humans and animals. Despite some infected people developing severe forms of the disease, some experience no or mild symptoms. Therefore, infection is often not detected by surveillance systems based on the reporting of symptoms by patients. Here, we use data collected during a RVF outbreak that occurred in 2018–2019 in Mayotte Island, in the Indian Ocean, to model the course of the outbreak in humans. We estimate that, throughout the epidemic, only 1.2% of infected people were detected by the surveillance system. Our results highlight that most human cases may go unreported during RVF outbreaks, making it difficult to monitor the burden of infections.

Published
2022

28. Human and animal botulism surveillance in France from 2008 to 2019

Author

Le Bouquin-Leneveu, Sophie, Lucas, Camille, Souillard, Rozenn, Le Maréchal, Caroline, Petit, Karine, Kooh, Pauline, Jourdan-da Silva, Nathalie, Meurens, François, Guillier, Laurent, Mazuet, Christelle, Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Biologie, Epidémiologie et analyse de risque en Santé Animale (BIOEPAR), École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Centre National de Référence des Bactéries Anaérobies et Botulisme - National Reference Center Anaerobic Bacteria and Botulism (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and This work was supported by the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food

Subjects
[SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], botulism, poultry, bovine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: One Health, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: France, MESH: Cattle, wild bird, surveillance, Humans, Animals, MESH: Animals, Cattle, France, One Health, Public Health, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Public Health
Abstract

The authors thank Marianne Chemaly, Sandra Rouxel, Typhaine Poezevara, Amandine Avouac, Emmanuelle Houard, from the National Reference Laboratory for Botulism, ANSES Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory and Laure Diancourt, Julie Germond, Jean Sautereau, from the National Reference Centre for Anaerobic Bacteria and Botulism, Institut Pasteur, Paris. The authors are grateful to the ANSES expert committee panel in charge of assessing animal health and animal welfare risk, and to the working group Botulism, including the authors FM, SL, CLM, CM as well as (in alphabetical order): Catherine Belloc, Stéphane Bertagnoli, Alain Boissy, Henri-Jean Boulouis, Frédéric Carlin, Eric Collin, Jean-Claude Desfontis, Michel Federighi, Maria-Eleni Filippitzi, Matthieu Fournier, Philippe Fravalo, David Fretin, Jean-Pierre Ganiere, Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont, Etienne Giraud, Lionel Grisot, Nadia Haddad, Viviane Hénaux, Didier Hilaire, Elsa Jourdain, Sophie Le Poder-Alcon, Monique L'Hostis, Gilles Meyer, Elodie Monchatre-Leroy, Hervé Morvan, Pierre Mormède, Carine Paraud, Ariane Payne, Carole Peroz-Sapede, Claire Ponsart, Claude Saegerman, Gaëlle Simon, Michèle Tremblay, Cédric Woudstra, Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt.; International audience; Botulism is a human and animal neurological disease caused by the action of bacterial neurotoxins (botulinum toxins) produced by bacteria from the genus Clostridium . This disease induces flaccid paralysis that can result in respiratory paralysis and heart failure. Due to its serious potential impact on public health, botulism is a closely monitored notifiable disease in France through a case-based passive surveillance system. In humans, this disease is rare, with an average of 10 outbreaks reported each year, mainly due to the consumption of contaminated foods. Type B and to a lesser extend type A are responsible for the majority of cases of foodborne botulism. Each year, an average of 30 outbreaks are recorded on poultry farms, about 20 cases in wild birds and about 10 outbreaks in cattle, involving a large number of animals. Mosaic forms C/D and D/C in birds and cattle, respectively, are the predominant types in animals in France. Types C and D have also been observed to a lesser extent in animals. With the exception of botulinum toxin E, which was exceptionally detected throughout the period in wild birds, the types of botulism found in animal outbreaks are different from those identified in human outbreaks over the last ten years in France and no human botulism outbreaks investigated have been linked to animal botulism. In line with the One Health concept, we present the first integrative approach to the routine surveillance of botulism in humans and animals in France.

Published
2022

29. Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in French Guiana in 2020–2021: 4 epidemic waves with cross-influences from Europe and South America

Author

Alexandra Miliu, Anne Lavergne, Tiphanie Succo, Claire Laizé, Audrey Andrieu, Antoine Enfissi, Vincent Enouf, Sylvie Van der Werf, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Jean-François Carod, Thierry Carage, Claude Flamand, Sourakhata Tirera, Etienne Simon-Lorière, Cyril Rousseau, Dominique Rousset, Santé publique France Guyane, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Agence Régionale de Santé Guyane (ARS Guyane), Agence Régionale de la Santé (ARS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly [Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier de Kourou (CHK), Génomique évolutive des virus à ARN - Evolutionary genomics of RNA viruses, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ESL acknowledges funding from the INCEPTION programme (Investissements d’Avenir grant ANR-16-CONV-0005)., and ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), SARS-CoV2 variants, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Microbiology, French Guiana, Variant of concern, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Genomic surveillance, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Genetics, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Molecular Biology, Dynamics of circulation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan in December 2019, this RNA virus gave rise to different viral lineages with different virological, epidemiological and immunological properties. Here we describe the dynamics of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in an Amazonian South American French overseas territory, French Guiana (FG). The data analyzed are based on the general epidemic course, and genomic surveillance data come from whole genome sequencing (WGS) as well as typing PCRs. From March 2020 to October 2021, four COVID-19 epidemic waves were observed in FG with an evolution of viral lineages influenced by virus introductions from continental France and above all by land-based introductions from neighbouring countries. The third epidemic wave from March to June 2021 was driven by a predominant Gamma introduced from Brazil and a less frequent Alpha introduced from France. This coexistence was completely substituted by Delta that initiated the fourth epidemic wave.

Published
2022

30. Outbreak of Oropouche Virus in French Guiana

Author

Mélanie Gaillet, Dominique Rousset, Isabelle Jeanne, Julie Prudhomme, Antoine Enfissi, Audrey Andrieu, Jean-Bernard Duchemin, Mathieu Nacher, Lucas Perez, Johana Restrepo, Marc Monot, Laurence Ma, Philippe Abboud, Clara Pichard, Loïc Epelboin, Yann Lambert, Anne Lavergne, Céline Michaud, Cyril Rousseau, Véronique Servas, Félix Djossou, Magalie Demar, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Collectivité Territoriale de Guyane (CTG), Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Santé publique France Guyane, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Agence Régionale de la Santé [Cayenne, Guyane française] (ARS), Unité d'entomologie médicale, Vectopôle Amazonien Emile Abonnenc [Cayenne, Guyane française], Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, We thank Séverine Timane Reillon, Frédéric Bouteille, Jean Yves Cattin, Fabien Rogalle, Fanny Gras, Sylvain Fradin, Romuald Carinci, Jean Issaly, Florence Jean Dit Gautier, Antonio Lopez, Mathilde Boutrou, Laure Lemée, David Moua, Laetitia Bremand, Bhety Labeau, Vincent Robert, Solène Wiedner-Papin for their involvement and willingness to help in the composition of this article, and Lavergne, Anne

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Orthobunyavirus, Epidemiology, Bunyaviridae, Oropouche fever, vector-borne infections, MESH: Orthobunyavirus, Rainforest, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, medicine.disease_cause, Bunyaviridae Infections, Outbreak of Oropouche Virus in French Guiana, Oropoucheorthobunyavirus, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Bunyaviridae Infections, dengue-like syndrome, MESH: French Guiana, parasitic diseases, medicine, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Humans, viruses, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, Original Research, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Humans, biology, outbreak, Oropouche virus, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Dispatch, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, emergent disease, Virology, Emergent disease, French Guiana, Infectious Diseases, Geography, Latin America, arboviruses, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Medicine
Abstract

International audience; Oropouche fever is a zoonotic dengue-like syndrome caused by Oropouche virus. In August–September 2020, dengue-like syndrome developed in 41 patients in a remote rainforest village in French Guiana. By PCR or microneutralization, 23 (82.1%) of 28 tested patients were positive for Oropouche virus, documenting its emergence in French Guiana.

Published
2021

31. Genomic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Reunion Island

Author

Wilkinson, David, Mercier, Alizé, Turpin, Magali, Simbi, Marie-Alice, Turpin, Jonathan, Lebarbenchon, Camille, Cesari, Maya, Jaffar-Bandjee, Marie-Christine, Josset, Laurence, Yemadje-Menudier, Luce, Lina, Bruno, Mavingui, Patrick, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien (CYROI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Santé Publique France Réunion, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Laboratoire de microbiologie et virologie [CHU La Réunion], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), SARS-CoV-2, Evolution, COVID-19, Genomics, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Reunion Island, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Genetics, Humans, Pandemics, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Island communities are interesting study sites for microbial evolution during epidemics, as their insular nature reduces the complexity of the population's connectivity. This was particularly true on Reunion Island during the first half of 2021, when international travel was restricted in order to mitigate the risk for SARS-CoV-2 introductions. Concurrently, the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant became dominant and started to circulate at high levels for several months before being completely replaced by the Delta variant as of October 2021. Here, we explore some of the particularities of SARS-CoV-2 genomic evolution within the insular context of Reunion Island. We show that island isolation allowed the amplification and expansion of unique genetic lineages that remained uncommon across the globe. Islands are therefore potential hotspots for the emergence of new genetic variants, meaning that they will play a key role in the continued evolution and propagation of COVID-19 as the pandemic persists.

Published
2022

32. Risk of a blood donation contaminated with hepatitis E virus entering the blood supply before the implementation of universal RNA screening in France

Author

Josiane Pillonel, Claude Maugard, Cécile Sommen, Julie Figoni, Chloé Pierre, Sophie LeCam, Pascale Richard, Pascal Morel, Pierre Gallian, Syria Laperche, Santé publique France Guyane, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Etablissement Français du Sang [Occitanie] (EFS Occitanie), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hematology, General Medicine
Abstract

The risk of a blood donation contaminated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) entering the blood supply before introducing universal HEV-RNA screening in France was estimated to assess the benefit of such a measure.The results of selective HEV nucleic acid testing (HEV-NAT) performed in mini pool of six plasma donations between 2018 and 2020 were extrapolated to the whole blood donor (BD) population after adjustment on three variables: regional establishment, sex and age group.Among the 246,285 plasma donations collected from 172,635 BDs tested for HEV-RNA, 248 (10.1/10,000) were positive. The extrapolation to all BDs led to an estimated rate of 5.9/10,000 donations (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.5-7.4) which would be positive to HEV-RNA and a prevalence of 9.9/10,000 BDs (95% CI: 7.5-12.3). This prevalence was 4.4 times higher in males than females (16.8/10,000 vs. 3.8/10,000, p 10The risk of an HEV-RNA-positive donation entering the blood supply was estimated at 1 in 1682 donations. This risk does not translate directly to the risk of HEV transfusion transmission, which mainly depends on the total number of viral particles in the transfused blood component and the sensitivity of NAT.

Published
2022

33. Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions, weather, vaccination, and variants on COVID-19 transmission across departments in France: a modelling study

Author

Paireau, Juliette, Charpignon, Marie-Laure, Larrieu, Sophie, Calba, Clémentine, Hozé, Nathanaël, Boëlle, Pierre-Yves, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Prague, Mélanie, Cauchemez, Simon, Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division [Saint-Maurice], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), MIT Institute for Data, Systems, and Society [Cambridge, MA] (IDSS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Statistics In System biology and Translational Medicine (SISTM), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)- Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Bordeaux], Santé publique France Provence-Alpes-Côte d'azur et Corse - Provence-Alps-French Riviera and Corsica [Marseille], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), We acknowledge financial support from the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), Santé publique France, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR16-CONV-0005), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 101003589 (RECOVER) and 874735 (VEO), AXA, Groupama, the French Agency for Research on AIDS and Emerging Infectious Diseases via the EMERGEN project (ANRS0151), and the National Research Agency (ANR) through the ANR-Flash call for COVID-19 (grant ANR-20-COVI-0018)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), ANR-20-COVI-0018,TheraCoV,Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales(2020), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), European Project: 874735,H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD,VEO(2020), PAIREAU, Juliette, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales - - TheraCoV2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0018 - COVID-19 - VALID, Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research - RECOVER - - H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-20202020-02-14 - 2022-02-13 - 101003589 - VALID, and Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory - VEO - - H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD2020-01-01 - 2024-12-31 - 874735 - VALID

Subjects
variants, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, reproduction number, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, vaccination, non-pharmaceutical interventions, climate, multivariable regression model
Abstract

Background: Multiple factors shape the temporal dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. Quantifying their relative contributions is key to guide future control strategies. Our objective was to disentangle the individual effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), weather, vaccination, and variants of concern (VOC) on local SARS-CoV-2 transmission.Methods: We developed a log-linear model for the weekly reproduction number (R) of hospital admissions in 92 French metropolitan departments. We leveraged (i) the homogeneity in data collection and NPI definitions across departments, (ii) the spatial heterogeneity in the timing of NPIs, and (iii) an extensive observation period (14 months) covering different meteorological conditions, VOC proportions, and vaccine coverage levels.Results: Three lockdowns reduced R by 72.9% (95%CI: 71.4-74.2), 70.4% (69.2-71.6) and 60.4% (56.1-64.3), respectively. Curfews implemented at 6/7pm and 8/9pm reduced R by 34.5% (28.1-40.4) and 18.4% (11.4-24.8), respectively. School closures reduced R by only 4.6% (1.6-7.4). We estimated that vaccination of the entire population would have reduced R by 74.0% (59.4-83.3), whereas the emergence of VOC (mainly Alpha during the study period) increased transmission by 46.9% (38.2-56.0) compared with the historical variant. Winter weather conditions (lower temperature and absolute humidity) increased R by 41.7% (37.0-46.7) compared to summer weather conditions. Additionally, we explored counterfactual scenarios (absence of VOC or vaccination) to assess their impact on hospital admissions.Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the strong effectiveness of NPIs and vaccination and quantifies the role of meteorological factors while adjusting for other confounders. It highlights the importance of retrospective evaluation of interventions to inform future decision-making.

Published
2022

34. Avis de l'Anses portant sur « des recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France ». Deuxième partie

Author

Haddad, Nadia, Berthet, Nicolas, Bertagnoli, Stéphane, Gassilloud, Benoit, Lecu, Alexis, Luciani, Léa, Mailles, Alexandra, Manuguerra, Jean-Claude, Pastorino, Boris, Pignon, Charly, Wurtzer, Sébastien, Collignon, Catherine, Etore, Florence, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Laboratoire d'hydrologie de Nancy (LHN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (Centre National de Référence) - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (National Reference Center) (CIBU), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), and Anses

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], transmission, milieu naturel, natural environment, Monkeypox, Monkeypoxvirus (MPXV), Monkeypox (MPX), peridomestic animals, pet animal, Monkeypox virus, faune péridomestique, wastewater, eaux usées, animal de compagnie
Abstract

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Avis de l’Anses portant sur des recommandations relatives à la réduction durisque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France. Deuxième partie (saisine 2022-SA-0102). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 37 p.; Depuis le début du mois de mai 2022, de nombreux cas humains autochtones d’infection au virus Monkeypox (MPXV) ont été signalés dans plusieurs pays où le virus ne circulait pas auparavant, dont la France. Au 29 août 2022, dans l’Union européenne (UE) et l’espace économique européen (EEE) 18 072 cas humains ont été confirmés, dont deux décès enEspagne (source ECDC). En France, au 29 août 2022, 3 547 cas ont été confirmés. À ce jour, en Europe, ces cas sont survenus sans contact avec un animal importé et dans un contexte de transmission interhumaine, principalement chez des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes (HSH), sans lien direct avec des personnes de retour de zone endémique (source : Santé publique France - SPF).L’Anses a répondu, dans un avis du 10 juin 2022, à la première question de la saisine relative à « des recommandations destinées respectivement aux vétérinaires et aux propriétaires, relatives à la conduite à tenir pour les animaux de compagnie (chiens, chats, rongeurs notamment) au contact d’un cas confirmé de MPX » (Anses 2022a).Le présent avis porte sur les autres questions de la saisine, i.e. :• « documenter le risque de transmission du virus par un malade à ses animaux de compagnie, à la faune péridomestique et, par l’intermédiaire des effluents domestiques notamment, à l’environnement, émettre des recommandations relatives à la réduction de ce risque et préciser les éventuelles mesures de surveillance associées à mettre en place. » Le demandeur a précisé que les effluents domestiques comprenaient les eaux usées et les déchets solides que sont les déchets ménagers.• évaluer le risque d’importation du virus avec des animaux contaminés et émettre des recommandations relatives à la réduction de ce risque.Les recommandations de l’Anses sont attendues pour le 1er septembre 2022. Dans l’attente du rendu définitif de l’avis, il lui est demandé de transmettre les mesures conservatoires qui pourraient être mises en place pour limiter ces différents risques. »

Published
2022

35. First Description of a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Clonal Outbreak in France, Confirmed Using a New Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing Method

Author

Cyril Savin, Anne-Sophie Le Guern, Fanny Chereau, Julien Guglielmini, Guillaume Heuzé, Christian Demeure, Javier Pizarro-Cerdá, Yersinia, Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence de la Peste et autres Yersinioses - National Reference Center Plague and Yersinioses (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre collaborateur de l'OMS Yersinia - WHO Collaborating Center Yersinia (CC-OMS / WHO-CC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division [Saint-Maurice], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), This project received funding from Santé publique France (Saint-Maurice, France) and the LabEX Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (ANR LBX-62 IBEID)., and ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, outbreak, Physiology, enteric yersiniosis, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Infections, Cell Biology, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Disease Outbreaks, epidemiological investigation, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Genetics, Humans, cgMLST, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Child, Aged, Multilocus Sequence Typing, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

International audience; Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is an enteric pathogen causing mild enteritis that can lead to mesenteric adenitis in children and septicemia in elderly patients. Most cases are sporadic, but outbreaks have already been described in different countries. We report for the first time a Y. pseudotuberculosis clonal outbreak in France, that occurred in 2020. An epidemiological investigation based on food queries pointed toward the consumption of tomatoes as the suspected source of infection. The Yersinia National Reference Laboratory (YNRL) developed a new cgMLST scheme with 1,921 genes specific to Y. pseudotuberculosis that identified the clustering of isolates associated with the outbreak and allowed to perform molecular typing in real time. In addition, this method allowed to retrospectively identify isolates belonging to this cluster from earlier in 2020. This method, which does not require specific bioinformatic skills, is now used systematically at the YNRL and proves to display an excellent discriminatory power and is available to the scientific community.

Published
2022

36. Rapid investigation of BA.4/BA.5 cases in France

Author

Alain-Claude, Kouamen, Helena, Da Cruz, Mohamed, Hamidouche, Anais, Lamy, Anna, Lloyd, Javier, Castro Alvarez, Mathilde, Roussel, Laurence, Josset, Vincent, Enouf, Charlotte, Felici, Georges, Dos Santos, Justine, Schaeffer, Anna, Maisa, Anne, Lavergne, Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Santé publique France Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Laboratoire Modélisation, épidémiologie et surveillance des risques sanitaires (MESuRS), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé publique France Nouvelle-Aquitaine [Bordeaux], Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pasteur International Bioresources network (PIBNet), Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections (PCCEI), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier]-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, Time Factors, Omicron, SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Time Factors, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Hospitalization, Middle Aged, Hospitalization, Cough, MESH: Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Symptoms, MESH: Cough, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Variant, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, BA.4, BA.5
Abstract

AimWe aimed to describe the characteristics of individuals infected by BA.4 or BA.5 in France in comparison to BA.1, and analyze the factors associated with hospitalization among BA.4 and BA.5 cases.MethodsA standardized questionnaire was used to collect information on confirmed and probable Omicron cases. Hospitalization risk factors among BA.4/BA.5 cases were analyzed using Poisson regression. Variables with a p-value below 0.2 in the univariate analysis and a priori confounders were included in the multivariable regression model.ResultsThe median age of the 301 cases investigated was 47 years and 97% of cases were symptomatic. The most common clinical signs were asthenia/fatigue (75.7%), cough (58.3%), fever (58.3%), headache (52.1%) and rhinorrhea (50.7%). Twelve cases were hospitalized, and 27.1% reported risk factors. No admissions to intensive care and no deaths were reported. Vaccination status was available for 292 cases, 20.9% were unvaccinated, 1.4% had received one dose, 38.3% two doses and 39.4% three doses. Cases presenting at least one risk factor were almost seventeen times more likely to be hospitalized than those with no risk factors (aRR = 16.72 [95% CI2.59–326.86]).ConclusionDespite the longer duration of and the differences in symptoms and their possible immune escape, BA.4/BA.5 Omicron sub-lineages globally showed no severe clinical presentation. The presence of at least one risk factor for severe disease significantly increased the risk of hospitalization for those infected with BA.4 or BA.5.

Published
2022

37. Overview of dengue outbreaks in the southwestern Indian Ocean and analysis of factors involved in the shift toward endemicity in Reunion Island: A systematic review

Author

Sarah Hafsia, Marion Haramboure, David Arthur Wilkinson, Thierry Baldet, Luce Yemadje-Menudier, Muriel Vincent, Annelise Tran, Célestine Atyame, Patrick Mavingui, Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Santé publique France Guyane, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], his work was supported by the European Regional development Fund (RUNDENG 20201640-00222937 to PM, DIRED/2018-1182 to SH) and the Interreg (VECTOBIOMES RE0009962 to PM., Université de Montpellier (UM), Santé publique, and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
History, antibody dependant enhacement, Aegypti, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Epidemic, Mosquito Vectors, Infections, Comoros, Disease Outbreaks, Histoire, Aedes, Animals, Humans, Relevé (des données), Indian Ocean, Transmission des maladies, Aedes albopictus diptera, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Maladie transmise par vecteur, Infectious Diseases, Culicidae, C30 - Documentation et information, Enquête pathologique, S50 - Santé humaine, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Chikungunya, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Vector, Reunion, Virose
Abstract

Background Dengue is the world’s most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease. It is endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries and represents a significant global health burden. The first reports of dengue virus (DENV) circulation in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands date back to the early 1940s; however, an increase in DENV circulation has been reported in the SWIO in recent years. The aim of this review is to trace the history of DENV in the SWIO islands using available records from the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles, and Reunion. We focus in particular on the most extensive data from Reunion Island, highlighting factors that may explain the observed increasing incidence, and the potential shift from one-off outbreaks to endemic dengue transmission. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, the literature review focused queried different databases using the keywords “dengue” or “Aedes albopictus” combined with each of the following SWIO islands the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles, and Reunion. We also compiled case report data for dengue in Mayotte and Reunion in collaboration with the regional public health agencies in these French territories. References and data were discarded when original sources were not identified. We examined reports of climatic, anthropogenic, and mosquito-related factors that may influence the maintenance of dengue transmission independently of case importation linked to travel. Findings and conclusions The first report of dengue circulation in the SWIO was documented in 1943 in the Comoros. Then not until an outbreak in 1976 to 1977 that affected approximately 80% of the population of the Seychelles. DENV was also reported in 1977 to 1978 in Reunion with an estimate of nearly 30% of the population infected. In the following 40-year period, DENV circulation was qualified as interepidemic with sporadic cases. However, in recent years, the region has experienced uninterrupted DENV transmission at elevated incidence. Since 2017, Reunion witnessed the cocirculation of 3 serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3) and an increased number of cases with severe forms and deaths. Reinforced molecular and serological identification of DENV serotypes and genotypes circulating in the SWIO as well as vector control strategies is necessary to protect exposed human populations and limit the spread of dengue.

Published
2022

38. Active Surveillance Program to Increase Awareness on Invasive Fungal Diseases: the French RESSIF Network (2012 to 2018)

Author

Bretagne, Stéphane, Sitbon, Karine, Desnos-Ollivier, Marie, Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Letscher-Bru, Valérie, Cassaing, Sophie, Millon, Laurence, Morio, Florent, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Hasseine, Lilia, Favennec, Loïc, Cateau, Estelle, Bailly, Eric, Moniot, Maxime, Bonhomme, Julie, Desbois-Nogard, Nicole, Chouaki, Taieb, Paugam, André, Bouteille, Bernard, Pihet, Marc, Dalle, Frédéric, Eloy, Odile, Sasso, Milène, Demar, Magalie, Mariani-Kurkdjian, Patricia, Robert, Vincent, Lortholary, Olivier, Dromer, Françoise, French Mycoses Study Group, The, Damiani, Céline, Dupont, Hervé, Maizel, Julien, Totet, Anne, Bouchara, Jean-Philippe, Bellanger, Anne Pauline, Berceanu, Ana, Navellou, Jean Christophe, Scherer, Emeline, Abboud, Philippe, Aznar, Christine, Blanchet, Denis, Djossou, Félix, Cayot, Sophie, Garrouste, Cyril, Lesens, Olivier, Moluçon, Cécile, Nourrisson, Céline, Poirier, Philippe, Bailly, Éloïse, Basmaciyan, Louise, Belaid, Bouhemad, Blot, Mathieu, Caillot, Denis, Charles, Pierre-Emmanuel, Quenot, Jean Pierre, Amazan, Emmanuelle, Baubion, Emilie, Cabie, André, Chabartier, Cyrille, Deligny, Christophe, Emal, Violaine, Flechelle, Olivier, Hatchuel, Yves, Le Govic, Yohann, Merle, Harold, Miossec, Charline, Turmel, Jean-Marie, Valentino, Ruddy, Durieux, Marie-Fleur, Turlure, Pascal, Mercier, Victor, Gari-Toussaint, Martine, Risso, Karine, Simon, Loïc, Bretonnière, Cedric, Boutoille, David, Gastinne, Thomas, Lakhal, Karim, Launay, Elise, Lepoivre, Thierry, Peterlin, Pierre, Rialland, Fanny, Le Pape, Patrice, Canoui, Etienne, Dahane, Naima, Kerneis, Solène, Angebault, Cécile, Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabethh, Guennouni, Nadia, Lanternier, Fanny, Neven, Bennedicte, Oualha, Mehdi, Scemla, Anne, Sitterlé, Emilie, Suarez, Felipe, Toubiana, Julie, Bonacorci, Stéphane, Alanio, Alexandre, Bergeron, Anne, Denis, Blandine, Gits-Muselli, Maud, Hamane, Samia, Touratier, Sophie, Chaumeil, Christine, Merabet, Lilia, Claudéon, Joelle, Curlier, Elodie, Galantine, Valérie, Gallois, Jean Claude, Markowicz, Samuel, Nicolas, Muriel, Musson, Pascal, Schepers, Kinda, Minoza, Alida, Kauffmann-Lacroix, Catherine, Guégan, Hélène, Costa, Damien, Dehais, Marion, Gargala, Gilles, Bajolet, Odile, Banisadr, Firouze, Cousson, Joel, Himberlin, Chantal, Huguenin, Antoine, Toubas, Dominique, Flori, Pierre, Mahinc, Caroline, Raberin, Hélène, Denis, Julie, Herbrecht, Raoul, Mertes, Paul-Michel, Meziani, Fehrat, Sabou, Marcela, Schneider, Francis, Bertozzi, Anne-Isabelle, Chauvin, Pamela, Charpentier, Elena, Cointault, Olivier, Cottrel, Claire, Delavigne, Karen, Faguer, Stanislas, Fillaux, Judith, Guemas, Emilie, Iriart, Xavier, Lelièvre, Lucie, Ruiz, Jean, Bastides, Frédéric, Chesnay, Adélaïde, Desoubeaux, Guillaume, Therby, Audrey, Chachaty, Elisabeth, Gachot, Bertrand, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Software and Databasing, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène (DIHP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], CHU Limoges, SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Brest (UBO), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Hôpital Robert Debré Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute [Utrecht] (WI), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Simplification des soins chez les patients complexes - UR UPJV 7518 (SSPC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Mécanismes physiopathologiques et conséquences des calcifications vasculaires - UR UPJV 7517 (MP3CV), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Angers], Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by recurrent financial support from Santé Publique France and Institut Pasteur. The funders had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or the decision to submit the work for publication., We thank Didier Che (Direction des Maladies Infectieuses, Santé Publique France) for his continuous support and interest in invasive fungal infections and Etienne Sevin (EpiConcept, Paris, France) for his contribution in the development of the RESSIF website using the VOOZANOO platform. We are thankful for the technical help of Catherine Blanc, Anne Boullié, Cécile Gautier, Virginie Geolier, and Damien Hoinard (Institut Pasteur) for the characterization of the isolates received at the NRCMA., The French Mycoses Study Group includes collaborators who contributed to these data by their involvement in the management of patients, expertise in diagnostic tools, and/or characterization of fungal isolates. They are listed in alphabetical order of a city in France and for each center, in alphabetical order of the last names: in Amiens, Céline Damiani, Hervé Dupont, Julien Maizel, and Anne Totet, in Angers, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, in Besançon, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Ana Berceanu, Jean Christophe Navellou, and Emeline Scherer, in Cayenne, Philippe Abboud, Christine Aznar, Denis Blanchet, and Félix Djossou, in Clermont-Ferrand, Sophie Cayot, Cyril Garrouste, Olivier Lesens, Cécile Moluçon, Céline Nourrisson, and Philippe Poirier, in Dijon, Éloïse Bailly, Louise Basmaciyan, Bouhemad Belaid, Mathieu Blot, Denis Caillot, Pierre-Emmanuel Charles, and Jean Pierre Quenot, in Fort de France, Emmanuelle Amazan, Emilie Baubion, André Cabie, Cyrille Chabartier, Christophe Deligny, Violaine Emal, Olivier Flechelle, Yves Hatchuel, Yohann Le Govic, Harold Merle, Charline Miossec, Jean-Marie Turmel, and Ruddy Valentino, in Limoges, Marie-Fleur Durieux and Pascal Turlure, in Nîmes, Victor Mercier, in Nice, Martine Gari-Toussaint, Karine Risso, and Loïc Simon, in Nantes, Cedric Bretonnière, David Boutoille, Thomas Gastinne, Karim Lakhal, Elise Launay, Thierry Lepoivre, Pierre Peterlin, Fanny Rialland, and Patrice Le Pape, in Paris, in Hôpital Cochin, Etienne Canoui, Naima Dahane, and Solène Kerneis, in Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Cécile Angebault, Marie-Elisabethh Bougnoux, Nadia Guennouni, Fanny Lanternier, Bennedicte Neven, Mehdi Oualha, Anne Scemla, Emilie Sitterlé, Felipe Suarez, and Julie Toubiana, in Hôpital Robert-Debré, Stéphane Bonacorci, in Hôpital Saint-Louis, Alexandre Alanio, Anne Bergeron, Blandine Denis, Maud Gits-Muselli, Samia Hamane, and Sophie Touratier, in hôpital des XV-XX, Christine Chaumeil and Lilia Merabet, in Pointe-à-Pitre, Joelle Claudéon, Elodie Curlier, Valérie Galantine, Jean Claude Gallois, Samuel Markowicz, Muriel Nicolas, Pascal Musson, and Kinda Schepers, in Poitiers, Alida Minoza and Catherine Kauffmann-Lacroix, in Rennes, Hélène Guégan, in Rouen, Damien Costa, Marion Dehais, and Gilles Gargala, in Reims, Odile Bajolet, Firouze Banisadr, Joel Cousson, Chantal Himberlin, Antoine Huguenin, and Dominique Toubas, in Saint Etienne, Pierre Flori, Caroline Mahinc, and Hélène Raberin, in Strabourg, Julie Denis, Raoul Herbrecht, Paul-Michel Mertes, Fehrat Meziani, Marcela Sabou, and Francis Schneider, in Toulouse, Anne-Isabelle Bertozzi, Pamela Chauvin, Elena Charpentier, Olivier Cointault, Claire Cottrel, Karen Delavigne, Stanislas Faguer, Judith Fillaux, Emilie Guemas, Xavier Iriart, Lucie Lelièvre, and Jean Ruiz, in Tours, Frédéric Bastides, Adélaïde Chesnay, and Guillaume Desoubeaux, in Versailles, Audrey Therby, and in Villejuif, Elisabeth Chachaty and Bertrand Gachot., and CLEMENT, Nathalie

Subjects
Antifungal Agents, pneumocytosis, invasive fungal infections, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], candidemia, Microbiology, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, mucormycosis, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Virology, Humans, aspergillosis, epidemiology, Watchful Waiting, Fungemia, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged
Abstract

International audience; The French National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals leads an active and sustained nationwide surveillance program on probable and proven invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) to determine their epidemiology in France. Between 2012 and 2018, a total of 10,886 IFDs were recorded. The incidence increased slightly over time (2.16 to 2.36/10,000 hospitalization days, P = 0.0562) in relation with an increase of fungemia incidence (1.03 to 1.19/10,000, P = 0.0023), while that of other IFDs remained stable. The proportion of ≥65-year-old patients increased from 38.4% to 45.3% (P < 0.0001). Yeast fungemia (n = 5,444) was due mainly to Candida albicans (55.6%) with stable proportions of species over time. Echinocandins became the main drug prescribed (46.7% to 61.8%), but global mortality rate remained unchanged (36.3% at 1 month). Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (n = 2,106) was diagnosed mostly in HIV-negative patients (80.7%) with a significantly higher mortality than in HIV-positive patients (21.9% versus 5.4% at 1 month, P < 0.0001). Invasive aspergillosis (n = 1,661) and mucormycosis (n = 314) were diagnosed mostly in hematology (>60% of the cases) with a global mortality rate of 42.5% and 59.3%, respectively, at 3 months and significant changes in diagnosis procedure over time. More concurrent infections were also diagnosed over time (from 5.4% to 9.4% for mold IFDs, P = 0.0115). In conclusion, we observed an aging of patients with IFD with a significant increase in incidence only for yeast fungemia, a trend toward more concurrent infections, which raises diagnostic and therapeutic issues. Overall, global survival associated with IFDs has not improved despite updated guidelines and new diagnostic tools.IMPORTANCE The epidemiology of invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) is hard to delineate given the difficulties in ascertaining the diagnosis that is often based on the confrontation of clinical and microbiological criteria. The present report underlines the interest of active surveillance involving mycologists and clinicians to describe the global incidence and that of the main IFDs. Globally, although the incidence of Pneumocystis pneumonia, invasive aspergillosis, and mucormycosis remained stable over the study period (2012 to 2018), that of yeast fungemia increased slightly. We also show here that IFDs seem to affect older people more frequently. The most worrisome observation is the lack of improvement in the global survival rate associated with IFDs despite the increasing use of more sensitive diagnostic tools, the availability of new antifungal drugs very active in clinical trials, and a still low/marginal rate of acquired in vitro resistance in France. Therefore, other tracks of improvement should be investigated actively.

Published
2022

39. Avis de l’Anses portant sur des « recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de transmission du virus Monkeypox (MPXV) lié à la manipulation et laconsommation des denrées alimentaires

Author

Haddad, Nadia, Bertagnoli, Stéphane, Boni, Mickaël, Ferraris, Olivier, Mailles, Alexandra, Manuguerra, Jean-Claude, Martin-Latil, Sandra, Chaix, Estelle, Guillier, Laurent, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (Centre National de Référence) - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (National Reference Center) (CIBU), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Collaborateur de l'OIE de Détection et identification chez l’homme des pathogènes animaux émergents et développement d’outils pour leur diagnostic / Collaborating Center for the Detection and identification in humans of emerging animal pathogens and development of tools for their diagnoses (CCOIE-OIECC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale / World Organisation Animal Health [Paris] (OIE)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), and Anses

Subjects
Monkeypox (MPX), denrées alimentaires, aliments, food, virus Monkeypox (MPXV), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], recommendations, transmission, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Monkeypox, Monkeypox virus, recommandations
Abstract

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de transmission du virus Monkeypox (MPXV) lié à la manipulation et la consommation des denrées alimentaires. (Saisine 2022-SA-0110). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 33 p.; Le Monkeypox (MPX ou « variole du singe ») est une maladie infectieuse due à un virus (Monkeypox virus - MPXV) de la famille des Poxviridae et du genre Orthopoxvirus, virus enveloppé à ADN. En France, les infections par ce virus font l’objet d’une surveillance pérenne par le dispositif de la déclaration obligatoire.Depuis le début du mois de mai 2022, de nombreux cas autochtones d’infection à virus Monkeypox (MPXV) ont été signalés dans plusieurs pays non endémiques. Le premier cas d’infection par le virus Monkeypox a été confirmé le 19 mai 2022 en Île-de-France.Ainsi, au 21 juin 2022, 2746 cas humains ont été confirmés dans l’Union européenne/Espace économique européen (UE/EEE)3. A la date du 22 juin, 3308 cas confirmés dans le monde sont signalés dans 42 pays, dont 426 cas hors UE/EEE4. En France, au 23 juin 2022, 330 cas de Monkeypox ont été confirmés5. 52 des 287 cas investigués par Santé publique France sont des cas secondaires. À ce jour, en Europe, ces cas sont survenus sans historique de contact avec un animal importé de zone endémique et enzootique, chez des personnes ne rapportant pas de voyage dans une zone de circulation habituelle du virus, et dans le contexte d’une épidémie à transmission interhumaine exclusive à ce jour.L’Anses a été saisie une première fois le 3 juin 2022 concernant des recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France (saisine n°2022-SA-0102).Dans cette seconde saisine, il est demandé à l’Anses : « d’évaluer le risque de transmission du MPXV par les denrées alimentaires au cours de leur manipulation, et de leur consommation et d’émettre des recommandations relatives à la réduction de ce dernier ».

Published
2022

40. Avis de l'Anses portant sur « des recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France ». Première partie

Author

Haddad, Nadia, Bertagnoli, Stéphane, Luciani, Léa, Mailles, Alexandra, Manuguerra, Jean-Claude, Pastorino, Boris, Pignon, Charly, Collignon, Catherine, Etore, Florence, Khamisse, Elissa, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Cellule d'Intervention Biologique d'Urgence (Centre National de Référence) - Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats (National Reference Center) (CIBU), Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Environnement et Risques infectieux - Environment and Infectious Risks (ERI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Anses

Subjects
chat, rongeur, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], rodent, rabbit, transmission, cat, Monkeypox, Monkeypoxvirus (MPXV), Monkeypox (MPX), pet animal, dog, recommendations, chien, écureuil, lapin, Monkeypox virus, recommandations, squirrel, animal de compagnie
Abstract

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Avis de l’Anses portant sur des recommandations relatives à la réduction du risque de diffusion du virus Monkeypox aux animaux en France. Réponse à la première question (saisine 2022-SA-0102). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 12 p.; Depuis le début du mois de mai 2022, de nombreux cas autochtones d’infection à virus Monkeypox (MPXV) ont été signalés dans plusieurs pays non endémiques, dont la France. Ainsi, au 8 juin 2022, 703 cas humains ont été confirmés dans l’Union européenne/Espace économique européen (UE/EEE), et 473 cas hors UE/EEE (source : ECDC). En France, au 7 juin 2022, 66 cas confirmés de Monkeypox ont été rapportés : 48 cas en Ile-de-France, 8 en Occitanie, 5 en Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, 2 en Normandie, 1 dans les Haut-de- France, 1 en Centre-Val de Loire et 1 en PACA. À ce jour, en Europe, ces cas sont survenus sans contact avec un animal importé de zone endémique et dans un contexte de transmission interhumaine, principalement, mais pas uniquement, chez des hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec des hommes (HSH), sans lien direct avec des personnes de retour de zone endémique (source : Santé publique France SPF). Avec l’appui des agences d’expertise, les autorités sanitaires françaises ont mis en œuvre des mesures de santé publique cohérentes avec les recommandations internationales.Le MPX est une zoonose endémique en Afrique du Centre et de l’Ouest, où le MPXV ou des traces d’infection (moléculaires ou sérologiques) ont été mises en évidence chez différentes espèces animales sauvages sans que le réservoir en ait été formellement identifié. Un épisode de cas humains est survenu aux Etats-Unis en 2003, suite à la transmission du virus à deschiens de prairie (Cynomys ludovicianus) détenus comme NAC (Nouveaux animaux de compagnie) par des cricétomes des savanes (ou rats de Gambie, Cricetomys gambianus) importés d’Afrique pour être utilisés comme NAC. Le virus a été éliminé suite aux mesures mises en œuvre au niveau des cas humains, des personnes-contacts et des animaux atteints.Les autorités sanitaires au Royaume-Uni ont émis récemment des recommandations visant à l’éviction et à la mise en observation des animaux de compagnie des cas confirmés.Il est demandé à l’Anses, « afin d’être en capacité d’adapter les mesures de santé publique :- Dans un premier temps, d’émettre des recommandations destinées respectivement aux vétérinaires et aux propriétaires, relatives à la conduite à tenir pour les animaux de compagnie (chiens, chats, rongeurs notamment) au contact d’un cas confirmé de MPX ; une réponse est attendue pour le 10 juin 2022 ;- Dans un second temps, de documenter le risque de transmission du virus par un malade à ses animaux de compagnie, à la faune péridomestique et, par l’intermédiaire des effluents domestiques notamment, à l’environnement, et d’émettre desrecommandations relatives à la réduction de ce risque.Vous préciserez également les éventuelles mesures de surveillance associées à mettre en place. Il vous est également demandé d’évaluer le risque d’importation du virus avec des animaux contaminés et d’émettre des recommandations relatives à la réduction de ce risque.Les recommandations de l’Anses sont attendues pour le 1er septembre 2022. Dans l’attente du rendu définitif de l’avis, il lui est demandé de transmettre les mesures conservatoires qui pourraient être mises en place pour limiter ces différents risques. »Le présent avis porte sur la réponse à la première question.

Published
2022

41. An ensemble model based on early predictors to forecast COVID-19 health care demand in France

Author

Juliette Paireau, Alessio Andronico, Nathanaël Hozé, Maylis Layan, Pascal Crépey, Alix Roumagnac, Marc Lavielle, Pierre-Yves Boëlle, Simon Cauchemez, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division [Saint-Maurice], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Recherche sur les services et le management en santé (RSMS), Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Predict Services [Castelnau-le-Lez], Modélisation en pharmacologie de population (XPOP), Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), We acknowledge financial support from the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (grant ANR-10-LABX-62- IBEID), Santé publique France, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR16-CONV-0005), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 101003589(RECOVER) and 874735 (VEO), AXA, Groupama, and EMERGEN, ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), European Project: 874735,H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD,VEO(2020), Lassailly-Bondaz, Anne, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research - RECOVER - - H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-20202020-02-14 - 2022-02-13 - 101003589 - VALID, and Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory - VEO - - H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD2020-01-01 - 2024-12-31 - 874735 - VALID

Subjects
MESH: Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Services Needs and Demand, MESH: Pandemics, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, MESH: Delivery of Health Care, COVID-19, forecasting, MESH: Retrospective Studies, MESH: France, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, ensemble model, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Delivery of Health Care, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Short-term forecasting of the COVID-19 pandemic is required to facilitate the planning of COVID-19 health care demand in hospitals. Here, we evaluate the performance of 12 individual models and 19 predictors to anticipate French COVID-19-related health care needs from September 7, 2020, to March 6, 2021. We then build an ensemble model by combining the individual forecasts and retrospectively test this model from March 7, 2021, to July 6, 2021. We find that the inclusion of early predictors (epidemiological, mobility, and meteorological predictors) can halve the rms error for 14-d–ahead forecasts, with epidemiological and mobility predictors contributing the most to the improvement. On average, the ensemble model is the best or second-best model, depending on the evaluation metric. Our approach facilitates the comparison and benchmarking of competing models through their integration in a coherent analytical framework, ensuring that avenues for future improvements can be identified.

Published
2022

42. Evaluating the impact of curfews and other measures on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in French Guiana

Author

Andronico, Alessio, Tran Kiem, Cécile, Paireau, Juliette, Succo, Tiphanie, Bosetti, Paolo, Lefrancq, Noémie, Nacher, Mathieu, Djossou, Félix, Sanna, Alice, Flamand, Claude, Salje, Henrik, Rousseau, Cyril, Cauchemez, Simon, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université (SU), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Santé publique France Guyane, Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de Guyane (UG), Unité d'Epidémiologie [Cayenne, Guyane française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), We acknowledge financial support from the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d'Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (Grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), Sante Publique France, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005) and European Union V.E.O and RECOVER projects., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités], Andronico, Alessio [0000-0002-3542-7245], Tran Kiem, Cécile [0000-0003-0563-8428], Paireau, Juliette [0000-0002-5143-6256], Lefrancq, Noémie [0000-0001-5991-6169], Flamand, Claude [0000-0002-8064-445X], Salje, Henrik [0000-0003-3626-4254], Cauchemez, Simon [0000-0001-9186-4549], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Male, 141, Adolescent, Statistical methods, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Basic Reproduction Number, Young Adult, 631/114/2397, Humans, Computational models, 129, Child, Pandemics, 631/326/596/4130, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Models, Statistical, SARS-CoV-2, Infant, Newborn, article, COVID-19, Infant, Middle Aged, 631/114/2415, 692/700/478/174, French Guiana, Hospitalization, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Child, Preschool, Quarantine, Female
Abstract

While general lockdowns have proven effective to control SARS-CoV-2 epidemics, they come with enormous costs for society. It is therefore essential to identify control strategies with lower social and economic impact. Here, we report and evaluate the control strategy implemented during a large SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in June–July 2020 in French Guiana that relied on curfews, targeted lockdowns, and other measures. We find that the combination of these interventions coincided with a reduction in the basic reproduction number of SARS-CoV-2 from 1.7 to 1.1, which was sufficient to avoid hospital saturation. We estimate that thanks to the young demographics, the risk of hospitalisation following infection was 0.3 times that of metropolitan France and that about 20% of the population was infected by July. Our model projections are consistent with a recent seroprevalence study. The study showcases how mathematical modelling can be used to support healthcare planning in a context of high uncertainty., Identifying effective combinations of control measures in different populations is important for SARS-CoV-2 control. Here, the authors show that in French Guiana, which has a relatively young population, curfews and localised lockdowns appeared to contribute to reducing transmission.

Published
2021

43. Pertussis surveillance results from a French general practitioner network, France, 2017 to 2020

Author

Marion Debin, Titouan Launay, Louise Rossignol, Fatima Ait El Belghiti, Sylvain Brisse, Sophie Guillot, Nicole Guiso, Daniel Levy-Bruhl, Lore Merdrignac, Julie Toubiana, Thierry Blanchon, Thomas Hanslik, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Département de Médecine Générale, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division [Saint-Maurice], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des Bactéries pathogènes - Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre national de Référence de la Coqueluche et autres Bordetelloses - National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and other Bordetella infections (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), EpiConcept [Paris], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], This work is partly supported by Santé publique France, the national public health agency in France., and DEBIN, Marion

Subjects
Adult, Male, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Adolescent, Whooping Cough, Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Infant, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, General Practitioners, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Child, Preschool, Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Humans, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Child, Pandemics, Aged
Abstract

Introduction In France, three complementary surveillance networks involving hospitals and paediatrician practices currently allow pertussis surveillance among infants ( Aim The purpose of Sentinelles network is to assess pertussis incidence, monitor the cases’ age distribution and evaluate the impact of the country’s vaccination policy. We present the results from the first 4 years of this surveillance. Methods GPs of the French Sentinelles network reported weekly numbers of epidemiologically or laboratory-confirmed cases and their characteristics. Results A total of 132 cases were reported over 2017–2020. Estimated national incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants were 17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 12–22) in 2017, 10 (95% CI: 6–14) in 2018, 15 (95% CI: 10–20) in 2019 and three (95% CI: 1–5) in 2020. The incidence rate was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2017–2019. Women were significantly more affected than men (83/132; 63% of women, p = 0.004); 66% (87/132) of cases were aged 15 years or over (median age: 31.5 years; range: 2 months–87 years). Among 37 vaccinated cases with data, 33 had received the recommended number of doses for their age. Conclusions These results concur with incidences reported in other European countries, and with studies showing that the incidences of several respiratory diseases decreased in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also suggest a shift of morbidity towards older age groups, and a rapid waning of immunity after vaccination, justifying to continue this surveillance.

Published
2022

44. Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Réunion Island, France, 2021

Author

Alizé Mercier, David A. Wilkinson, Camille Lebarbenchon, Patrick Mavingui, Luce Yemadje-Menudier, Santé Publique France Réunion, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IRD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cyclotron Réunion Océan Indien (CYROI), and Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Humans, France, Reunion
Abstract

International audience; In January 2021, after detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, genomic surveillance was established on Réunion Island to track the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and variants of concern. This system identified 22 SARS-CoV-2 lineages, 71% of which were attributed to the Beta variant.

Published
2022

45. Health Literacy and Clinical Trial Participation in French Cancer Patients: A National Survey

Author

Ousseine, Youssoufa, Bouhnik, Anne-Déborah, Mancini, Julien, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Direction santé environnement travail - Santé Publique France, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (BiosTIC ), and Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)

Subjects
MESH: Aged, Adult, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Adult, Middle Aged, MESH: Health Literacy, Health Literacy, VICAN survey, clinical trial participation, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, cancer, Humans, MESH: Neoplasms, France, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, Aged
Abstract

Few studies have explored the relationship between health literacy (HL) and trial participation. In this context, we aimed to study this relationship in French cancer patients. We used data from the French national VIe après le CANcer (VICAN) survey. Two questionnaire items focused on previous invitations to participate in clinical trials and subsequent enrollment. The Single Item Literacy Screener was used to measure functional HL. In total, 1954 cancer patients responded to both VICAN surveys (two and five years after diagnosis). Mean age was 54.1 ± 12.7 years at diagnosis, and 37.6% were classified as having limited HL. One in ten (10.3%) respondents reported having been previously invited to participate in a clinical trial. Of these, 75.5% had enrolled. Limited HL was associated with fewer trial invitations but not with enrollment once invited. Multivariate analysis confirmed the negative effect of limited HL on clinical trial invitation (adjOR = 0.55 (0.39 to 0.77), p < 0.001) after adjustment for multiple characteristics. Patients with limited HL received fewer invitations to participate in trials but were likely to enroll when asked. Addressing HL is necessary to create a more inclusive health system and to reduce inequalities not only in access to innovative cancer care, but to health inequalities in general.

Published
2022

46. Pertinence de l'outil d'évaluation des postes de travail à risque de TMS-MS chroniques « Eval-Risk-TMS » dans les entreprises du BTP, en Île-de-France et Pays de la Loire, de novembre 2019 à mars 2020

Author

Anna Lloyd, Natacha Fouquet, Pascal Girardot, Mireille Loizeau, Yves Roquelaure, Épidémiologie en Santé au Travail et Ergonomie (IRSET-ESTER), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], and Santé publique France

Subjects
Prévention, Bâtiment et travaux publics, Score de prédiction, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Troubles musculo-squelettiques
Published
2022

47. Valeurs toxicologiques de référence (VTR) - Elaboration de VTR par voie respiratoire pour l’acroléine (CAS n°107-02-8)

Author

Michiels, Fabrice, Maitre, Anne, Belzunces, Luc, Bisson, Michèle, Botineau, Céline, Chevalier, Anne, Clinard, François, El Ghissassi, Fatiha, Emond, Claude, Garnier, Robert, Hoet, Perrine, Hogeveen, Kevin, Iwatsubo, Yuriko, Lirussi, Frederic, Multigner, Luc, Nikolova-Pavageau, Nadia, Oury, Benoît, Schroeder, Henri, Thireau, Jérôme, Wendremaire, Maeva, Pouzaud, François, Association des Centres Interentreprises pour la Santé au Travail, ACIST, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Grenoble (CHU de Grenoble), CHU Grenoble, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Retraité, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Centre international de Recherche sur le Cancer (CIRC), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Centre antipoison et de toxicovigilance (Paris) (CAPTV Paris), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Saint-Louis, Lariboisière, Fernand-Widal, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Laboratoire de Fougères - ANSES, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Santé publique France (SpF), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Paris) (INRS (Paris)), Faculté des Sciences et Technologies [Université de Lorraine] (FST ), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), and Anses

Subjects
inhalation, subchronic, long-term, Valeur toxicologique de référence, acrolein, acute, moyen terme, TRV, long terme, Toxicological reference value, mid-term, subchronique, VTR, chronique, chronic, short-term, court terme, cancer, acroléine, aiguë, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology
Abstract

Citation suggérée :Anses. (2022). Valeurs toxicologiques de référence (VTR). Elaboration de VTR par voie respiratoire pour l’acroléine (CAS n°107-02-8). (saisine 2021-MPEX-0149). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 90 p.; Une valeur toxicologique de référence (VTR) est un indice toxicologique qui permet de qualifier ou de quantifier un risque pour la santé humaine. Elle établit le lien entre une exposition à une substance toxique et l’occurrence d’un effet sanitaire indésirable. Les VTR sont spécifiques d’une durée d’exposition (aiguë, subchronique ou chronique) et d’une voie d’exposition (orale, respiratoire, etc.). La construction des VTR diffère en fonction des connaissances ou des hypothèses formulées sur les mécanismes d’action des substances. Actuellement, l’hypothèse par défaut est de considérer une relation entre l’exposition, ou la dose, et l’effet, ou la réponse. En l’état actuel des connaissances et par défaut, on considère généralement que, pour les effets non cancérogènes, la toxicité ne s’exprime qu’au-delà d’un seuil de dose (Anses, 2017).En pratique, la construction de VTR comprend les quatre étapes suivantes :- recenser et analyser les données de toxicité disponibles, sur la base d‘études épidémiologiques et/ou expérimentales,- identifier le ou les organes cibles et l’effet critique ;- identifier l’hypothèse de construction, à seuil ou sans seuil de dose, en fonction du mode d’action de la substance,- choisir une étude clé de bonne qualité scientifique permettant généralement d’établir une relation dose – réponse ;- définir un point de départ (PoD) chez l’Homme ou l’animal à partir de cette étude, éventuellement dans le cas d’un PoD obtenu chez l’animal, ajuster ce PoD à l’Homme ;- pour une VTR à seuil, appliquer des facteurs d’incertitude à ce PoD de manière à dériver une VTR applicable à l’ensemble de la population ;- pour une VTR sans seuil, réaliser une extrapolation linéaire à l’origine afin de déterminer un excès de risque unitaire2.L’élaboration des VTR suit une approche très structurée et exigeante qui implique des évaluations collectives par des groupes de spécialistes.[Saisines liées n°2020-MPEX-0184, 2008-SA-0205, 2011-SA-0354]

Published
2022

48. Early chains of transmission of COVID-19 in France, January to March 2020

Author

Juliette Paireau, Alexandra Mailles, Catherine Eisenhauer, Franck de Laval, François Delon, Paolo Bosetti, Henrik Salje, Valérie Pontiès, Simon Cauchemez, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées [Marseille] (CESPA), Service de Santé des Armées, Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Santé publique France, Haut-de-France [Lille, France], This work was supported by the LabEx Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IBEID) (Grant Number ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), Santé Publique France, project Theracov, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grants 101003589 (RECOVER) and 874735 (VEO), and the National Research Agency (ANR) through the ANR-Flash call for COVID-19 (Grant ANR-20-COVI-0018)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), ANR-20-COVI-0018,TheraCoV,Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales(2020), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), European Project: 874735,H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD,VEO(2020), PAIREAU, Juliette, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Dynamique virale au niveau individuel et populationnel : implications pour l'optimisation des stratégies antivirales - - TheraCoV2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0018 - COVID-19 - VALID, Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research - RECOVER - - H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-20202020-02-14 - 2022-02-13 - 101003589 - VALID, and Versatile Emerging infectious disease Observatory - VEO - - H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD2020-01-01 - 2024-12-31 - 874735 - VALID

Subjects
MESH: Pandemics, MESH: Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, transmission, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, MESH: Retrospective Studies, contact tracing, secondary clinical attack rate, MESH: Contact Tracing, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Virology, Humans, MESH: COVID-19, superspreading, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, cluster, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

Introduction SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has spread rapidly worldwide. In January 2020, a surveillance system was implemented in France for early detection of cases and their contacts to help limit secondary transmissions. Aim To use contact-tracing data collected during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to better characterise SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods We analysed data collected during contact tracing and retrospective epidemiological investigations in France from 24 January to 30 March 2020. We assessed the secondary clinical attack rate and characterised the risk of a contact becoming a case. We described chains of transmission and estimated key parameters of spread. Results During the study period, 6,082 contacts of 735 confirmed cases were traced. The overall secondary clinical attack rate was 4.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6–4.6), increasing with age of index case and contact. Compared with co-workers/friends, family contacts were at higher risk of becoming cases (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.0) and nosocomial contacts were at lower risk (AOR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Of 328 infector/infectee pairs, 49% were family members. The distribution of secondary cases was highly over-dispersed: 80% of secondary cases were caused by 10% of cases. The mean serial interval was 5.1 days (interquartile range (IQR): 2–8 days) in contact tracing pairs, where late transmission events may be censored, and 6.8 (3–8) days in pairs investigated retrospectively. Conclusion This study increases knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including the importance of superspreading events during the onset of the pandemic.

Published
2022

49. First cases of Omicron in France are exhibiting mild symptoms, November 2021-January 2022

Author

A. Maisa, G. Spaccaferri, L. Fournier, J. Schaeffer, J. Deniau, P. Rolland, B. Coignard, A. Andrieu, O. Broustal, S. Chene, S. Chent, E. Fougère, G. Gbaguidi, M. Hamidouche, A. Lamy, Q. Mano, B. Mastrovito, A. Mercier, G. Modenesi, G. Picard, J. Prudhomme, F. Rapilly, A. Riondel, M. Rivière, B. Villegas Ramirez, A. Zhu-Soubise, M. Zurbaran, A. Amzert, L. Andreoletti, A. Bal, R. Beaurepere, S. Behillil, L. Belec, C. Bernard, L. Bocket, L. Bouri, T. Bourlet, C. Bressollette-Bodin, S. Brichler, C. Brugerolles, S. Cado, V. Calvez, N. Capron, S. Castelain, J. Castro-Alvarez, M.-L. Chaix, C. Charpentier, D. Che, C. Chillou, P. Colson, P. Coudene, A. Crinquette, A. De Rougemont, H. Delagrèverie, C. Delamare, T. Denecker-Berardino, D. Descamps, M. Desroches, G. Destras, G. Dos Santos, A. Ducancelle, S. Ducreux, T. Duret, V. Enouf, S. Fafi-Kremer, C. Felici, S. Fourati, P.-E. Fournier, C. Gaudy, H. Germain, V. Giordanengo, O. Gorge, S. Haim-Boukobza, C. Henquell, A. Holstein, L. Houhamdi, J. Izopet, V. Jacomo, A. Jacques, M.-C. Jaffar-Bandjee, M. Jimenez, L. Josset, S. Kemeny, M.-E. Lafon, A. Le Bars, G. Le Corguille, Q. Lepiller, A. Levasseur, N. Leveque, B. Lina, C. Madelaine, C. Malabat, S. Marque-Juillet, T. Martin-Dunavit, P. Mavingui, A. Merens, I. Messak, L. Morand-Joubert, X. Naudot, P. Neybecker, J.-M. Pawlotsky, L. Pilorge, J.-C. Plantier, C. Poggi, M. Pretet, C. Ragot, H. Raoul, S. Rogez, A.-M. Roque-Afonso, B. Roquebert, D. Rousset, F. Rozenberg, C. Sagot, S. Sahnoune, D. Salgado, O. Sand, C. Saudemont, E. Schvoerer, E. Simon-Loriere, R. Stephan, J. Sudour, V. Thibault, E. Tuaillon, A. Vabret, E. Vallee, S. Van Der Werf, J. Van Helden, L. Verdurme, A. Vignola, D. Wilkinson, Y. Yazdanpanah, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], EMERGEN consortium, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Nutrition [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Département lmage et Traitement Information (IMT Atlantique - ITI), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Equipe DECIDE (Lab-STICC_DECIDE), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Santé publique France, the French national public health agency.Caisse nationale d’assurance maladie (Cnam), the national health insurance funds.'Enhancing Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) and/or Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) national infrastructures and capacities to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union and European Economic Area' Grant Agreement ECDC/HERA/2021/007 ECD. 12221., Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), and COMBE, Isabelle

Subjects
Adult, Epidemiology, MESH: Hospitalization, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: COVID-19, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Signs and symptoms, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, COVID-19, MESH: Adult, MESH: Vaccination, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, MESH: France, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, France, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Surveys and questionnaires, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract

International audience; ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the first Omicron cases detected in France in order to assess case characteristics and provide supporting information on the possible impact of this variant on the healthcare system.MethodsA standardized questionnaire was used to collect information from confirmed and probable Omicron cases.ResultsMedian age of 468 investigated cases was 35 years, 376 were symptomatic (89%); 64% were vaccinated with two doses and 7% had received three doses. Loss of smell and taste were reported by 8.3% and 9% of cases, respectively. Seven cases were hospitalized, three of those were unvaccinated (including two with reported precondition). No admissions to intensive care and no deaths were reported.ConclusionsOur results confirm a mild clinical presentation among the first Omicron cases detected in France and highlight the importance for the national COVID-19 surveillance system to quickly detect and adapt to the emergence of a new variant.

Published
2022

50. Impact of booster vaccination on the control of COVID-19 Delta wave in the context of waning immunity: application to France in the winter 2021/22

Author

Paolo Bosetti, Cécile Tran Kiem, Alessio Andronico, Juliette Paireau, Daniel Levy-Bruhl, Lise Alter, Arnaud Fontanet, Simon Cauchemez, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université (SU), Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Haute Autorité de Santé [Saint-Denis La Plaine] (HAS), Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), We acknowledge financial support from the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), HAS, Santé Publique France, the EMERGEN project (ANRS0151), the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005), the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant 101003589 (RECOVER) and 874735 (VEO), AXA and Groupama., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), European Project: 874735,H2020-SC1-2019-Single-Stage-RTD,VEO(2020), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), European Project: 874735,VEO, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), and HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, Vaccination, Immunization, Secondary, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, 3. Good health, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, Humans, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, Seasons, 030212 general & internal medicine, Rapid Communication, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Europe has experienced a large COVID-19 wave caused by the Delta variant in winter 2021/22. Using mathematical models applied to Metropolitan France, we find that boosters administered to ≥ 65, ≥ 50 or ≥ 18 year-olds may reduce the hospitalisation peak by 25%, 36% and 43% respectively, with a delay of 5 months between second and third dose. A 10% reduction in transmission rates might further reduce it by 41%, indicating that even small increases in protective behaviours may be critical to mitigate the wave.

Published
2022

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