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Introduction:Acaesarean section is a surgical procedure in which incisions are made through a woman's abdomen and uterus to deliver her baby. Caesarean section (C-section) may be necessary when vaginal delivery might pose a risk to the mother or baby when there is prolonged labor, fetal distress, or when the baby is presenting in an abnormal position.Aims: To nd out the incidence of wound infection after caesarean section and its correlation with its associated risk factors. Material and Methods:This study was conducted on the women who underwent caesarean section and follow up in Medical College Hospital during the study period. This study was carried for 3 months October 2018 - Dec 2018 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical college, West Bengal. Result: We found that 19(4.9%) patients had wound infection. Conclusion: Caesarean section has become one of the commonest surgical procedures in obstetric practice. The incidence of wound infections after caesarean section in this study was 4.9%.

Introduction: Rabies is such a disease, which is nearly 100% preventable, but once rabies develops, it would denitely lead to highly painful death, even in this era of medical marvel. India is the second largest contributor to Rabies mortality in the world. According to a recent report of World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 55,000 human deaths are reported every year worldwide due to rabies, with an overwhelming majority of 32,000 cases reported in Asia of which 20,000 occur in India. Aims: To know the general awareness about the rabies in general population and to identify the level of general awareness and knowledge of wound management among the cases of dog or animal bite. Material and Method: The study was observational, questionnaire-based study between 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2019. For the purpose of this thesis, a descriptive correlational analytical survey was used, in which a qualitative approach was undertaken to determine the answers of mentioned research questions. After collection of the available data, it was analysed in Medical College, Kolkata. 150 patients were included in this study Result: We found that 77(51.3%) patients answered that bite from an infected animal people and animals can get rabies, 46(30.7%) patients answered that several sorts of contact with an infected animal (e.g. bite, lick, scratch) people and animals can get rabies and 27(18.0%) patients had don't know how can people and animals get rabies. It was found that 113(75.3%) patients had answered that the person who is infected with rabies gets crazy/mad/dangerous, 10(6.7%) patients had answered that the person who is infected with rabies of some can get better/get treatment/do not die and 27(18.0%) patients do not know. Proportion of upper class patients was signicantly higher than others. It was found that 60(40.0%) patients had answered rabies treatable, 63(42.0%) patients had answered no and 27(18.0%) patients had answered do not know. Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and practices with respect to prevention and treatment of rabies were found adequate amongst the urban population. Thus, community-based health education may be increased in these areas to create awareness regarding rabies.

Background & Objectives: As a part of Revised Filaria control strategy, MDA programme was implemented in Murshidabad district from 29th - 31st December 2008. A cross sectional study was carried out to assess drug compliance after Mass Drug Administration of DEC and the factors responsible for poor compliance among the population of Murshidabad district of West Bengal during Jan 2009. Materials & methods: Total study unit were 120 families covering 3 villages and one municipality ward area (30 families from each area). Results: Out of 601 family members, 571 were eligible for Mass drug administration (6 pregnant women and < 2 years age groups (24) were excluded). Drug distribution rate was 91.8%.Overall drug compliance was 42.3%.Total number of defaulters was 330 (57.7%). Non compliance was highest (75.5%) in urban area. Defaulters were more among male than female. Factors responsible for defaulters were no motivation (24.7%), drugs not supplied (22.5%) ,absence at home (13.5%),no faith (10.1%), fear of side effects (10.1%) and others (Forgotten, lack of prior IEC etc), illness, wrong information were 7.8%, 7.3%, 3.9% respectively. Majority has no side effects, only dizziness (3.3%), headache (1.7%), vomiting and others (4.1%) were experienced by the people after consumption of drugs. On an average 40% families were aware about ELF & transmission of disease. Only 43.7% of community members were informed about MDA by Health Workers prior to the implementation of MDA programme.

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem in India and considered as a silent killer disease. The national program for prevention and control of cancer, diabetes, CVD and stroke (NPCDCS) recommended opportunistic screening for hypertension at all levels health facility. The present study was conducted with the objectives to estimate the magnitude of hypertension among the General OPD attendees aged 18 years and above in tertiary care hospital in a district of West Bengal and to find out the factors influencing hypertension among them.Methods: The study was a hospital based observational, descriptive study with cross sectional design and conducted among 244 study participants in 2018. Study variables included socio demographic factors and both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension.Results: In this study 40.2% subjects had normal blood pressure, 18.4% were known hypertensive and 101 (41.3%) people were newly diagnosed as having high blood pressure. Among known hypertensive, 75% had poor control of hypertension. Age, religion, family history of hypertension, body mass index (BMI) and central obesity had significant association with hypertension.Conclusions: The study recommended strengthening of opportunistic screening of all patients for hypertension at all levels of health care, especially through the village health nutrition day platform and providing treatment free of cost. Awareness generation and counselling for lifestyle modification should also be strengthened.

A cross sectional study was carried out to assess drug compliance after Mass Drug Administration of DEC and the factors responsible for poor compliance among the population of Murshidabad district of West Bengal during Jan 2009. Total study unit were 120 families covering 3 villages and one municipality ward area (30 families from each area). As a part of Revised Filaria control strategy, MDA programme was implemented in Murshidabad district from 29th-31st December 2008. Result revealed that total covered population were 601, out of which 571 were eligible population for Mass drug administration (6 Pregnant women and2 years age groups (24) were excluded). Drug distribution rate was 91.8%. Overall drug compliance was 42.3%. Total number of defaulters was 330 (57.7%). Non compliance was highest (75.5%) in urban area. Defaulters was more among male than female. Factors responsible for defaulters were no motivation (24.7%), drugs not supplied (22.5%), absence at home (13.5%), no faith (10.1%), fear of side effects (10.1%) and others (Forgotten, lack of prior IEC etc), illness, wrong information were 7.8%, 7.3%, 3.9% respectively. Majority has no side effects, only dizziness (3.3%), headache (1.7%), vomiting and others (4.1%) were experienced by the people after consumption of drugs. On an average 40% families were aware about ELFtransmission of disease. Only 43.7% of community members were informed about MDA by Health Workers prior to the implementation of MDA programme.

Background: India accounts for approximately one-third of all human rabies cases in the world, with an estimate of more than 20,000 human rabies fatalities reported annually. Administration of appropriate prophylactic method prevents deaths due to rabies. In prevention and control of rabies, knowledge and awareness in the community are very essential and crucial. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the awareness regarding animal bite and to determine the practices regarding animal bite in patients attending a rabies clinic in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study conducted in the rabies clinic of Murshidabad Medical College and Hospital. The duration of the study was from April to May 2016. As the study was undertaken in an outpatient clinic, consecutive sampling method was followed. During the above-said study period, a total of 200 sample size was achieved. Data were analyzed with SPSS IBM software version 21.0. Means and proportions were calculated. Results: Though 80.5% of the respondents heard the term rabies and 73% knows about the fatal nature of rabies, less than half (48%) were aware about the signs and symptoms of rabies. Majority (73%) washed the area with soap and water. Nearly 91% of the population were given antirabies vaccination but only 4.5% were administered rabies immunoglobulin. Almost half (45.5%) of the population started specific treatment after 24 h after bite. Conclusion: As majority of the victims were schoolgoing children, sensitization of the students with correct knowledge and practices has to be entertained. In addition, stringent guidelines have to be followed for treatment of all categories of animal bites.

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Paschim Midnapur district of West Bengal during March 2009 to August 2009 to find out the prevalence of reproductive tract infection and the health seeking behaviour. The respondents were 2000 currently married women (15-49 years age group) selected by stratified multistage random sampling. House to house visit and data collection by interview technique was done by faculty members of community medicine of Calcutta National Medical College and other medical colleges through predesigned and pretested schedule. The prevalence of reproductive tract infection was 11.7%, which was higher in 30-35 years age group (19.4%). Reproductive tract infection was indirectly proportional to literacy status. Prevalence of reproductive tract infection was significantly higher among those who did not use sanitary napkin / clean sun-dried domestic clothes. The occurrence of reproductive tract infection was lower who used to practise barrier method of contraception. Majority of symptomatic females complained about vaginal discharge (29.2%). Information, education, communication regarding small family norms, reproductive hygiene and contraceptive practice to be enhanced in the community through intervention (interpersonal communication and mass media) in future to reduce the reproductive tract infection morbidities.

Background: Fertility pattern has some influence on health of mother and child as well as it can resist population growth. Methods: A cross sectional study on fertility perception among married women of reproductive age group, was carried out in 3 blocks and 2 municipality areas of Howrah District of West Bengal, India, covering 12 villages and 4 wards, selected by stratified multistage random sampling, for a period of 6 months from April to September 2009. Two thousand married women were the respondents. Results: Respondents were mainly belonged to poor and below poverty line groups (86.7%), one third (33.4%) were illiterate and just literate group, 66.8% of the respondents belonged to Hindu by religion and 63.4% had history of teen age pregnancy and more than 50% of the respondents were married early (below 18 years). The study revealed that perception about age of marriage, interval between marriage and 1 st pregnancy and spacing were incorrect in case of 45.8%, 37.6% and 23% of the respondents, respectively. 22.3% and 13.1% of the respondents had no proper idea regarding desired no of children and Family Planning methods, respectively and their knowledge varied with literacy status, age and religion. Majority (67.5%) of the study population received information about family planning methods from health personnel. Conclusions: Correct Knowledge regarding different components of fertility among Eligible Couples to be enhanced by intervention through Information, Education and Communication (Interpersonal Communication and Mass Media).

This cross-sectional study of 35 multipurpose workers (MPWs) of Goalpokhar--II (Chakulia) block selected by random sampling in the district of Uttar Dinajpur showed that 30 respondents were female mostly in the age group less than 30 years and rest were male in the age group of above 30 years. Majority of respondents (65.7%) were educated up to the level of higher secondary. On an average each MPW used to spend only 5.8 hours per week for home visit. During referral of the patients, the problems faced by the health workers were due to non-availability of vehicles (71.4%), difficulties in the means of communication ie, long distance, road problems, etc (85.7%), and lack of awareness about referral centre (2.8%). Only 5.5% of the MPWs stated absence of difficulty during referral to the higher facility. Regarding difficulties faced during transmission of health related information, 25.7% of MPWs were unaware of the location of the reporting centre; 17.4% of MPWs were unaware of authority to be informed and 14.3% of MPWs complained about social barrier and 22.8% experienced non-availability of manpower. However 42.9% of MPWs did not face any problem while transmitting health related events/information to the higher authority. Most of the respondents (23.5%) opined that their performance may be enhanced by increasing community awareness.