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Background: Comatose is a perilous state that is contemplated as a medical emergency. Coma impacts the primary caregiver’s daily living that has debilitating effects. Informal caregivers of comatose patients experience emotional symptoms or grief due to the prolonged illness of an individual. As there is a lack or deficient awareness and knowledge regarding the condition, the attitude toward the condition or grief could be a contributory factor. Considering these factors, the knowledge, attitude, awareness-comatose caregiver questionnaire (KAA-CCQ) was developed for evaluation. Methodology: The KAA-CCQ was developed in two stages. Stage 1 - Development of the questionnaire included conceptualization and item generation. Stage 2: - Expert review, content validity, and item modification. Content validity index (CVI) was analyzed using Microsoft Excel sheet 2013. Results: The computed CVI final score for the questionnaire was 0.91. Conclusion: The KAA-CCQ developed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding coma in informal caregivers of comatose patients achieved a statistically satisfactory content validity.

Polymers have swiftly replaced conventional metallic materials in aviation due to their lightweight and easy processability. Usages of polymers are presently mostly limited to non-critical components. Flight safety is paramount in aviation and overrides all other factors. The aviation industry is averse to the usage of polymeric materials in critical component applications owing to the nature of failure being catastrophic. The review has covered various polymeric component failures and their root cause reasons. To overcome the inherent weakness in polymers currently used, a strategy to mimic nature is being explored by researchers. Self-healing polymers can overtake metals if coupled with safe fail technology. Such materials have additional advantages in terms of enhanced longevity and ultimate life cycle. This review critically analyzed various factors driving research and development of self-healing material for aviation applications. Various extrinsic and intrinsic self-healing materials have been reviewed in the present work. Composites with an extrinsic self-healing mechanism possess good healability and strength and can potentially replace current materials. Further, candidate polymeric materials with intrinsic self-healing capability for the aviation field are extensively reviewed. Various aviation-grade polymers like epoxy, Poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and elastomeric materials with possible chemistries of intrinsic healing like Diel-Alder reaction, Shape memory assisted self-healing and covalently adaptable networks have been critically examined. Authors believe that extrinsic self-healing technology is mature enough for use in the secondary structure of aircraft. At the same time, present technologies of intrinsic materials are not mature enough for flight safety reasons in aircraft; however, they are candidate materials for UAVs. Fast-growing aviation field, coupled with the entry of UAVs, calls for environmentally sustainable material support. Therefore, this review explores materials within the sphere of high mechanical properties coupled with a low environmental impact. KEYWORDS aviation applications, environmental impact, extrinsic self-healing, flight safety, intrinsic self-healing, self-healing, 1 | INTRODUCTION The automobile and aviation sectors are one of the major consumers of polymeric materials. Polymeric materials are used in various forms in these prime sectors. Polymers and [...]

Background: Sleep deprivation and cognitive impairment represent significant issues among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, significantly impacting their daily activities and treatment journeys. The side effects of chemotherapy frequently contribute to disturbances in sleep and cognitive functions in these individuals. Recognizing the scope of these difficulties is essential for developing tailored interventions that cater to the specific requirements of cancer patients, ultimately improving their quality of life and treatment results. Materials and Methods: The research took place at a tertiary cancer care hospital, where 83 eligible chemotherapy patients were enlisted and assessed for sleep quality using the PSQI questionnaire and cognition using MoCA. Each questionnaire was administered only once. A PSQI total score of ≤5 indicated good sleep quality, while a score exceeding 5 indicated poor sleep quality. Similarly, a MoCA score below 26 suggested impaired cognition. Results: Among the entire sample, sleep deprivation was observed in 80.7% of chemotherapy patients, while cognitive impairment was identified in 44.6% of chemotherapy patients. Conclusion: The study deduces that sleep deprivation and cognitive impairment are exceedingly prevalent among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Disorders of consciousness (DOC) incorporate stages of awareness and arousal. Through coma arousal therapy sensory deprivation experienced by patients with DOC can be mitigated. Nevertheless, consensus concerning its effectiveness on these patients is still fractional. PURPOSE: This review aims to investigate the effectiveness of coma arousal therapies on patients with DOC. METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed by searching electronic databases using search terms, the studies investigating the effect of coma arousal therapy in patients with DOC using the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised and Glasgow Coma Scale as outcome measures were included. The risk of bias was assessed, using Cochrane and Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Further, analysis was conducted for the included studies. RESULTS: Out of 260 studies, 45 trials were reviewed and assessed for bias, with 31 studies included for analysis. The analysis demonstrates a significant difference in pre- and post - sensory stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation. Sensory stimulation showed the greatest mean difference of −4.96; 95% CI = -5.76 to - 4.15. The patients who underwent intervention after 3 months of illness showed significant improvement. CONCLUSION: The result shows that sensory stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and transcranial direct stimulation can improve behavioral outcomes of patients with DOC, wherein sensory stimulation is found to be more effective.

Abstract Subseasonal prediction fills the gap between weather forecasts and seasonal outlooks. There is evidence that predictability on subseasonal timescales comes from a combination of atmosphere, land, and ocean initial conditions. Predictability from the land is often attributed to slowly varying changes in soil moisture and snowpack, while predictability from the ocean is attributed to sources such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation. Here we use a set of subseasonal reforecast experiments with CESM2 to quantify the respective roles of atmosphere, land, and ocean initial conditions on subseasonal prediction skill over land. These reveal that the majority of prediction skill for global surface temperature in weeks 3–4 comes from the atmosphere, while ocean initial conditions become important after week 4, especially in the Tropics. In the CESM2 subseasonal prediction system, the land initial state does not contribute to surface temperature prediction skill in weeks 3–6 and climatological land conditions lead to higher skill, disagreeing with our current understanding. However, land-atmosphere coupling is important in week 1. Subseasonal precipitation prediction skill also comes primarily from the atmospheric initial condition, except for the Tropics, where after week 4 the ocean state is more important.

Introduction Menopause is a challenging stage of a woman’s life, with increased occurrences of musculoskeletal issues and obesity that need to be tackled early and effectively. Less is known about the effect of HIIT & hatha yoga on musculoskeletal parameters in post-menopausal females. Both exercise approaches differ and are comparable in many ways. Thus, the objective of the study is to determine and compare the effects of 12 weeks of HIIT and yoga training protocols in postmenopausal females with central adiposity, sarcopenia, dynapenia, and knee alignment. The present research article presents a study protocol comparing yoga and HIIT protocols prescribed for postmenopausal females. Methods This is an open-label, randomised, parallel-armed, assessor-blinded clinical trial that will be conducted on 160 postmenopausal females between 46 and 70 years randomly assigned to either the HIIT or yoga group. The intervention will be in the form of group therapy for 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The outcomes include sarcopenia by lean muscle mass using a bioelectric impedance analyser, a radiological measure of the Hip-Knee-Ankle angle, and the perceived stress scale and 36-item short form questionnaires assessed twice (pre & post). The outcomes, including gait speed, hand grip strength, waist circumference, and body mass index, will be assessed at pre, post-4th week, post-8th week, and post-12th week. Discussion The study outcomes will provide confirmatory evidence on the effects of Hatha yoga and HIIT exercise training protocols in managing menopausal weight gain, musculoskeletal issues (sarcopenia and knee malalignment), physical and functional capacity, as well as mental health in postmenopausal females. Conclusions

Introduction: The Total Hip Replacement (THR) procedure is indicated to the treatment of choice in chronic refractory joint pain and some types of proximal femoral fractures. Component malalignment is a major cause of THR failure, making it crucial to position the components anatomically for long-term joint survival. Aim: To assess the radiological parameters of uncemented THR surgery. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, King’s George Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, from June 2017 to May 2021. It included 72 patients who underwent unilateral uncemented THR for isolated hip diseases. Data was collected over the first two years and analysed. Demographic information and radiographic characteristics such as acetabular cup inclination and anteversion, femoral stem placement, vertical and horizontal centers of rotation, and limb length discrepancy were determined. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel 2018-19, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 28.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The average age of the patients was 50.75±9.1 years. Comparison of acetabular cup inclination (preoperative 41.4±3.9° and postoperative 42.2±5.1°) and anteversion (preoperative 13.1±2.96° and postoperative 14.5±3.75°) showed non significant differences following treatment with a normal hip. However, there was a significant difference in the horizontal and vertical Centers Of Rotation (COR) following treatment with a normal hip. Conclusion: Preoperative radiological characteristics of the damaged hip were significantly restored to normal anatomy and alignment following surgery.