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The utilization of computer vision techniques has significantly enhanced the automation processes across various industries, including textile manufacturing, agriculture, and information technology. Specifically, in the domain of textile manufacturing, these techniques have revolutionized the detection of fiber defects and the quantification of cotton content in fabrics. Traditionally, the assessment of cotton percentages was a labor-intensive and time-consuming process that relied heavily on manual testing methods. However, the adoption of computer vision approaches requires a comprehensive dataset of fabric samples, each with a known cotton percentage, to serve as training data for machine learning models. This paper introduces a novel dataset comprising 1300 original images, covering a wide range of cotton percentages across thirteen distinct categories, from 30% to 99%. By employing image augmentation techniques, such as- rotation, horizontal flip, vertical flip, width shift, height shift, shear range, and zooming, this dataset has been expanded to include a total of 27,300 images, thereby enhancing its utility for training and validating computer vision models aimed at accurately determining cotton content in fabrics. Through the extraction of pertinent features from the images of fabrics, this dataset holds the potential to significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of computer vision-based cotton percentage detection.