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Introduction: Acute urinary retention (AUR) is an important public health issue in older male population with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Various risk factors are associated with increased incidence of AUR among patients with BPH being managed conservatively. Method: A retrospective analysis was performed AUR with BPH among patients in Shree Birendra Hospital (SBH), Chhauni, Kathmandu, Nepal for a period of one year. Study variables included patient age, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume, history of AUR, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and other comorbid diseases. The SPSS was used for data analysis, X2 test to find out the association and a p4.5 ng/mL (p0.05). Conclusion: Our study showed that increasing age, high prostate volume, high serum PSA, diabetes and smoking had increased incidence of AUR among patients with BPH.

Background: Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) is the cornerstone of diagnosis and TURBT followed by selective adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy is the gold standard of treatment for the patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Even after complete resection of the tumor there is high risk of residual tumor and subsequent recurrence and progression of the disease. The recurrence of T1 tumor is found to be around 71 % within 5 years and High grade T1 lesions recur in more than 80% of the cases and progress in 50% of the patients within 3 years. Disease status at 3 months after initial resection is an important predictor of subsequent recurrence and progression. To assess the tumor recurrence rat Objective: e among patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder cancer between repeat transurethral resection group and single TURBT group. Ra Type of study: ndomized controlled trial. Place of study: Department of urology, BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This Randomi Materials And Methods: zed Controlled Trial was conducted in urology department of BSMMU, Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2017 till September 2018. A total of 50 patients, diagnosed as a case of T1 bladder cancer and who fulll the selection criteria were randomly divided in two groups consisting of 25 patients in each group. After informed consent, repeat TUR was done after 4 weeks of the initial TURBT for only 22 patients in group I since 3 of the patients did not show up on the scheduled date of surgery. Whereas, repeat TUR was not done for other 25 patients in group II. All the patients in both the groups were further treated with intravesical therapy according to the histopathological report. The patients in both the groups were followed up at 3 months and 6 months of the initial intervention where detailed history was taken, relevant investigations were done and check cystoscopy was done. TURBT was done for recurrent tumors. Out of 22 patients in group I, 2 patients were excluded for follow up on the basis of repeat TUR ndings. Whereas in group II, 2 patients missed the follow up and one of them missed the normal scheduled dose of intravesical therapy. Hence, 22 patients completed the study in group II. The baseline variables like age and Results: sex were similar in both the groups with higher male predominance. There was no statistical signicant difference in tumor characteristics such as size, number and grade of the tumor between the two groups. Out of 22 patients in group I who underwent repeat TUR at 4 weeks of initial TUR, residual disease was found in 8 (36.36%) patients. One of the patient was found to have T2 disease and 1 patient had CIS during repeat TUR. These 2 patients were not followed up since the treatment strategy changed after the results of repeat TUR. After 6 months of follow up of all the patients, 2 (10%) out of 20 patients in group I were found to have tumor recurrence however, in group II, 9 (40.9%) patients had tumor recurrence. The tumor recurrence rate between the two groups was found to be statistically signicant (p=0.023). In the light of ndings of this Conclusion: study, it can be concluded that performing repeat transurethral resection in patients with newly diagnosed T1 bladder cancer at 4 weeks of initial TURBT, helps to detect signicant number of residual tumor and reduce early recurrence rate of the tumor.

A 20 year old female was diagnosed, clinically, radiologically and by FNAC as a case of benign renal mass. She was observed for 5 months and on reevaluation by contract enhanced CT scan of abdomen revealed, contrast enhancing well demarcated mass with stable size. She was then planned for enucleation and frozen section biopsy. Per operatively, mass were easily enucleated but frozen section shows malignancy hence nephrectomy was done. Histopathological report showed; renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type and TNM staging; T1b Nx M0. Hence in this paper, we have reviewed the article regarding RCC in young age and a diagnostic dilemma of RCC in young age. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2018 p.43-47