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BACKGROUND : Doppler indices form an integral component of noninvasive evaluation of fetal wellbeing. There is paucity of information about normal obstetric Doppler indices, particularly from the Indian subcontinent. The aim of the study was to nd the values of pulsatility index (PI), resistive index (RI) of umbilical artery (UA), and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and calculate cerebro-placental ratio (CP ratio) for 31–41 weeks of normal gestation. METHODS : 250 patients were enrolled in the study for color Doppler study of UA and MCA and were serially followed up at 4–6 weeks interval for Doppler indices. Angle-independent Doppler indices like PI and RI for MCA and UA were obtained during each examination. CP ratio was calculated in each case. All the cases were followed up till delivery and the perinatal outcome was recorded. RESULTS & CONCLUSION : Abnormal cerebroplacental ratio is strongly correlated with IUGR and worse fetal prognosis. Fetuses with abnormal doppler velocimetry have a signicantly higher incidence of preterm birth, low birth weight and admission to NICU.Associated risk factors were anemia, PIH, DM, previous history of IUGR, TORCH infection, thyroid disorder. Anemia was found to be common risk factor followed by PIH. In conclusion with the help of non-invasive color Doppler parameters we can identify those pregnancies which are at risk and intervene before the fetus actually become growth restricted and act accordingly for better perinatal outcome.

Background: According to Census 2011 the population of India on 1 March 2011 was 1, 210, 193, 422. In spite of availability of wide range of contraceptives, the unmet need for family planning in India is estimated to be 21.3% by DLHS III survey. IUDs are the most commonly used method of reversible contraception worldwide. Methods: It was a prospective, comparative, interventional study conducted over a period of one year at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, MLB medical college Jhansi, comprised of 306 women divided into two groups. Females in group A (129) were primiparous and in group B (207) were multiparous. All antenatal women between 36-42 weeks of gestation who anticipate delivery and counseled were included. Medical eligibility criteria were used for client assessment. Results: Majority of the females (around 50%) in both groups counseled prior to caesarean section. Around 43.7% females in both groups were counseled during early labour. Rest 5% females were counseled during their antenatal visits. There were 57.85% multiparous women who accepted PPIUCD. In primiparous women acceptance of PPIUCD was 42.15%. Acceptance of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) was significantly higher in multipara (57.85%). Most common reason behind acceptance was postpartum family planning (PPFP) counseling (~60%). Most common reason in multiparous women (57.84%) was completed family. Others common reasons were motivated by ASHA (11.11%), 6.54% wanted birth spacing. Conclusions: Acceptance of PPIUCD was significantly higher in multiparous women than primiparous. Most common reason behind this increased acceptance was PPFP counseling.

Infertility has become nowadays not only a medical, but a social problem as well. The study was conducted on 40 patients of primary infertility over a period of one year from January 2001 to December 2002. The aim was to evaluate causes of infertility by diagnostic laparoscopy. The average age of women was 26.8 years. About half of the patients were brought to hospital within 6 years of infertility. Tubal block was one of the major causes of primary infertility. The diagnostic laparoscopy with hysterosalpingography (HSG) can be helpful to diagnose the tubal pathology. Keywords : Primary infertility, Diagnostic laparoscopy, hysterosalpingography, Tubal block. Internet Journal of Medical Update Vol. 1 (2) 2006: pp. 6-8