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Eukaryotic microalgae and Cyanobacteria have immense biodiversity, and are an almost unexploited resource. They have been identified as a hopeful and commercially valuable resource of high-value products such as proteins, fatty acids, pigments, vitamins, alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids etc., in the food and aquaculture industries. Microalgae are a promising candidate for the production of useful products due to their low cost biomass production, ease of cultivation, and glycosylation patterns similar to that of higher plants. Though quite a few species of microalgae have been identified as a potential candidate to fulfill our needs, remain unexplored. The aim of the present study is to enumerate the microalgal diversity in the vicinity of Bharathidasan university (Tiruchirapalli, TamilNadu, India). Physicochemical parameters of the water samples were also determined.the pH of the sites varied from 6.5 to 7.4, lkalinity was between 24 mg L-1 and 42 mg L-1, total alkalinity was between 312 mg L-1 and 681 mg L-1, calcium, magnesium, chloride and nitrate levels varied between 329 mg L-1and 1318 mg L-1, 220 mg L-1 and 826 mg L-1, 12.99 mg L-1 and 193.33 mg L-1, 4.0 mg L-1 and 9.8 mg L-1, respectively. Nitrite, total phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus levels were found to be between 2.1 mg L-1 and 4.3 mg L-1, 2.4 mg L-1 and 6.7 mg L-1, and 1.2 mg L-1 and 4.3 mg L-1. Biodiversity of both eukaryotic microalgae and cyanobacteria recorded the members of the belonging to Oscillatoria sp. are predominant in diversity and distribution followed by other taxa such as Spirulina laxissima, Staurastrum manfeldtii, Merismopedia elegans, Cosmarium blyttii and Cosmarium subcucumis.

Fuel is the most significant need of the modern world but now the availability of fuel source has decreased alarmingly. Therefore, scientists are investigating the other alternative source as substitutes for fuel. Microalgae are considered as one of the best source for the fuel production because they are easily available, cheaper, easy to handle and eco-friendly. In this study, the Oedogonium tyrolicum was isolated from Sulur Lake. The isolated species were identified by morphological examination. It was cultivated for extraction of fatty acids by slight modification on Blight & Dryer method. Fatty acid content from the isoted microalgae was found to be 16%. Trans-esterification was carried out to the extracted fatty acids. Characterization of the biodiesel was done by UV Spectroscopy, FTIR and GCMS. In UV Spectroscopy analysis, the peak was observed at 275nm which refers the presence of FAME in extracted biodiesel. Three functional groups corresponding to Carboxylic acid, Alkane (Methyl group) and Ester are identified using FT-IR analysis and there were 21 type of mono esters present in biodiesel. 69.54% of FAME compounds were identified by GCMS analysis. These results conclude that Oedogonium tyrolicum can serve as a potential source for the biodiesel production. Thus Oedogonium tyrolicum can be used for large scale production of biofuels.

Acne by definition is a multifactorial continual inflammatory ailment of pilosebaceous units. Although antibiotics play an essential role in acne control, the development of drug resistance among acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acne and Streptococcus sp)had created a need for the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the present study focuses on the development of anti-acne cream using extracts of Oscillatoria sp. Oscillatoria extracts were used as a major constituent for acne cream with paraffin wax as the cream base. The Oscillatoria extracts and developed cream were investigated for antibacterial activity against acne-causing bacteria. The biocompatibility of the acne cream was evaluated by a patch test and Brine shrimp lethality assay was performed to determine the toxicity of the developed cream. The extract and acne-cream showed 14mm and 15mm; and 13mm and 11mm against Propioni bacterium acnes and Streptococcus sp. The cream showed no irritation endpoints and it was found to be non-toxic. Thus the developed anti-acne cream can be developed as a product for the treatment of acne.

The rapid emergence of drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria, especially multidrug-Resistant bacteria, underlines the need to search for new antibiotics. In the present study, actinomycetes were isolated from lichens collected from coconut trees. The actinomycetes were investigated for antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Klebsiella pneumonia in order to identify the potential antibiotic producers.MIC was determined and the organism was identified using 16s rRNA sequencing. Crude action extracts showed 11mm and 9mm against MRSA and Klebsiella pneumonia. The isolated actinomycetes were found to be Streptomyces hygro scopicus subspecies. GC-MS analysis identified several novel compounds. Thus, the isolated actinomycetes can be used for the development of new antibiotics for the treatment of MDR infection.

Indole acetic acid (IAA) production is a major property of rhizosphere bacteria that stimulates and facilitates plant growth. The present work deals with the isolation, characterization, and identification of indole acetic acid-producing bacteria from the rhizospheric soil. Out of four organisms isolated from serial dilution, Sample-2 confirmed thick bands of IAA production by TLC analysis. 16s rRNA analysis showed the isolated organism was found to be Pseudomonas fluorescence with a similarity of 88%. The isolated organism treat plants showed increased shoot and root length in plant growth analysis. In conclusion, the isolated IAA-producing bacteria can be used as efficient biofertilizer inoculants to promote plant growth.

In this present study, biosynthesis of AgNp’s from methanolic extracts of H. Colorata and its wound healing activity was documented. The synthesis of AgNp’s was done by treating AgNO3 solution with an aqueous extract of H. colorata. The production of AgNp’s was confirmed by a color change of the solution from clear to brown color. The reduced AgNp’s were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), UV–vis spectroscopy. From UV analysis peak was observed at 415nm and spherical shaped AgNp’s were observed. The antibacterial activity and Minimum inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the silver nanoparticles were determined. The results suggest that biosynthesized AgNp’s from aqueous extracts ofH.coloratashowed a significant antibacterial activity against wound pathogens.

Wound infection is a major complication in healing of chronic wounds. Diabetic wounds are highly prone to wound infection and development of drug resistance among pathogens has created a necessity for development of new antimicrobials for treatment of such wound infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are found to be potent source showing promising antimicrobial action. Therefore the present study focuses on extraction of AMP from Catla catla skin using two different solvents and determining antibacterial activity against wound pathogens. Specimens from wound were collected using sterile swabs and streaked on nutrient agar. Then the colonies were subjected to gram staining and series of biochemical tests for identification. Live fish of Catla catla weighing 470gm was collected, homogenized in two different solvents (Ethanol and water). Antibacterial activity of the crude extracts of AMP was evaluated by using well diffusion method. Based on the colony morphology and biochemical tests the pathogens were found to be Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wound pathogens isolated were also found to be a biofilm producer. Antibacterial analysis showed ethanolic extract had higher inhibition than aqueous extracts. Therefore the extracted AMP can be used for development of novel antibacterial drugs for treatment of drug resistant bacterial infections.