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Decades of ambidexterity research have gained huge scholarly attention from diverse research areas like marketing, organizational learning, innovation management, supply chain management, strategy, and entrepreneurship. However, it has been observed that past studies do not provide a quantitative assessment of ambidexterity determinants applicable to small and medium firms. In response, this study attempts to address this gap by providing an extensive list of eight determinants that are significantly related to Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) ambidexterity. We employed Random effects meta-analytical procedure to examine the combined effect sizes of each determinant. The analysis was based on 37 empirical publications from 2004 to 2021, involving 8422 SME observations and 48 correlations. The findings of the meta-analysis revealed that all the considered determinants such as Knowledge management, Entrepreneurial orientation, Formalization, Market orientation, Networking, Technological capability, Organization context, and Environmental dynamism are heterogeneous, and they all exert a significant positive impact on ambidexterity.

This article seeks to systematically identify and model antecedents of entrepreneurial bootstrapping and bricolage to determine and interpret the relationships and hierarchy between them. Entrepreneurial bootstrapping and bricolage are key dynamic capabilities that help entrepreneurs access, accumulate and enhance resources to adapt to scarce business environments. The article employs a modified total interpretive structural modelling analysis to determine hierarchical inter-relationships between the antecedents and a Matrice d’ Impacts Croises Multiplication Applique An Classment analysis to understand their driving and dependence powers. The results highlight that founder characteristics and human capital are placed at the lower levels, making them critical driving elements of the model along with environmental hostility and resource constraints. Entrepreneurial orientation, slack, external financial capital and entrepreneurial frugality are dependent variables, with social capital as a linkage variable. This study will guide entrepreneurs trying to implement resourcefulness behaviours to respond to the coronavirus disease-2019 crisis by prioritising driving antecedents to impact the dependent factors further.

Purpose This paper aims to explore the interaction between knowledge management (KM) and dynamic capabilities (DCs) to identify the factors that attribute to their integration. The amalgamation of the DC and KM will result in a firm’s superior performance. This study will, therefore, use meta-analysis to identify the factors and use the “total interpretive structural modelling (TISM)” to establish the hierarchy and inter-relationships concerning the identified factors. Design/methodology/approach The research in this paper uses an exploratory design. This entails reviewing the literature on KM and DCs by adopting a scientific methodology, i.e. meta-analysis. A structural interpretive framework has been developed based upon the identified factors. Further, TISM modelling has been used to develop a classified arrangement of these factors to validate the framework. Findings Overall, 15 factors related to KM and DCs, based upon 220 empirical studies have been identified. The validated framework, based upon heterogeneous factors, describes how the interactions between KM and DCs can facilitate a competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications This study contributes towards the discussion of how efficient management of knowledge is defining the DCs of firms for improved innovation and performance. It provides practitioners with an insight into the directional linkages towards the competitive performance based on the interactions of KM and DCs. For researchers, the study could serve as an initial outline for interpretation of the linkages and theory building concerning KM and DCs, as the proposed framework draws upon scientific review and expert interpretations. Originality/value The framework is the result of the qualitative modelling technique based upon the heterogeneous factors derived out of the meta-analysis. It will provide meaningful insight into the field of KM and DCs. The derived framework shall help corroborate the opinion of experts with the literature in the field of strategy and management.

COVID-19 vaccination campaigns have been launched across the globe to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 disease. However, COVID-19 vaccination campaigns (Vaccination campaigns are the complete process of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns beyond just administrating vaccines.) are a complex multi-stakeholder process, and therefore, it is important to understand the key components and drivers of vaccination campaigns to help devise strategies to increase vaccination coverage for existing and future vaccination efforts. A system dynamics modeling approach was used to trace the vaccination campaign for the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The results identified the key stakeholders of the vaccination campaign and their inter-linkages, and the diverse perspectives of stakeholders of vaccination campaigns in Madhya Pradesh were collated in a structured format. Further, system dynamics models were developed to capture all aspects of the vaccination campaign in Madhya Pradesh, including the challenges and innovations. The outcomes of the study can assist academicians, practitioners, and policymakers develop vaccination programs at sub-national, national, and global levels. They will guide decision-makers to take preemptive measures to mitigate possible risks and challenges and provide improved services as part of vaccination campaigns.

The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, continues to be a global threat. The major global concern among scientists and researchers is to develop innovative digital solutions for prediction and control of infection and to discover drugs for its cure. In this paper we developed a strategic technical solution for surveillance and control of COVID-19 in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR). This work aims to elucidate the Delhi COVID-19 Data Management Framework, the backend mechanism of integrated Command and Control Center (iCCC) with plugged-in modules for various administrative, medical and field operations. Based on the time-series data extracted from iCCC repository, the forecasting of COVID-19 spread has been carried out for Delhi using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model as it can effectively predict the logistics requirements, active cases, positive patients, and death rate. The intelligence generated through this research has paved the way for the Government of National Capital Territory Delhi to strategize COVID-19 related policies formulation and implementation on real time basis. The outcome of this innovative work has led to the drastic reduction in COVID-19 positive cases and deaths in Delhi-NCR.

Purpose - Purpose of this paper is to understand the interrelationship among the factors that are critical in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. An attempt to comprehend the essential requirement of the medical facilities to deal with the pandemic load on healthcare sector. Design/Methodology/Approach - Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) technique has been used to develop the hierarchical interrelationship among various factors of healthcare related to COVID-19 medical facilities. Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) examines dependent and driving power of the factors. Findings - Total ten factors have been identified through literature review, which are essential for the medical facilities to prepare to deal with the pandemic load. ‘COVID-19 positive cases per day’ and ‘efficiency of covid-19 testing facility’ are factors that drives two dependent factors, ‘COVID-19 bed availability’ and ‘oxygen demand’ while remaining factors as intermediate linkage factors. Research Limitations/Implications - Examination of the interrelationships among factors can support in decision making about capacity building for COVID-19 medical facilities in hospitals. The impact of these resources on the recovery rate of COVID-19 patients can be studied further. The factors identification has been done from the perspective of India and region specific factors can be added or deleted from the TISM model. Originally/Value - An analytic study of the literature review demonstrates the relationship among the factors for healthcare accessibility to every COVID-19 positive patient and TISM examines “why” and “what” factors need more consideration for the development of the healthcare infrastructure for COVID-19 patients.

PurposePerformance has been a significant concern of the international joint ventures (IJVs) literature. This paper aims to empirically capture the impact of firm-level factors on IJVs performance in India. The authors investigate the mediating effects of ambidexterity between the factors and IJVs performance. Additionally, environmental dynamism as a moderator between ambidexterity and IJVs performance is examined.Design/methodology/approachThis study performs structural equation modeling using the data of 501 IJVs between India and G7 nations from 2010 to 2020.FindingsThe result reveals the ambidexterity's mediation effects in the relationships between factors (technology transfer and flexibility) and IJVs performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that a highly dynamic environment moderates the relationship between ambidexterity and the performance of IJVs.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has investigated the nexus between technology transfer, flexibility, ambidexterity and IJVs performance in the context of Indian IJVs. It has highlighted the importance of firm-level factors in cross-cultural joint ventures in achieving performance.Originality/valueThe study establishes the impact of firm-level antecedents on IJVs performance in India. The study highlights the importance of ambidexterity and environmental dynamism in order to achieve IJVs performance.

PurposeBusiness research has highlighted the importance of knowledge transfer and innovation in multinational firms for better performance outcomes. However, the existing body of literature is characterized by differentiated theories, antecedents and outcomes. This study aims to address this gap by adopting a systematic approach to analyze knowledge transfer and innovation literature from the perspective of multinational organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis study follows “preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses” (PRISMA) guidelines for conducting a systematic literature review. The study adopts a systematic approach for analyzing the literature using School of thought (S), Contexts (C), Methodologies (M), Triggers (T), Barriers (B), Facilitators (F) and Outcomes (O) framework (SCM-TBFO framework) devised for holistic literature review. The study analyzes 75 articles from reputed journals from 2000 to 2022.FindingsIn general, knowledge transfer and innovation in multinationals is a relatively new area and is evolving rapidly. There are many opportunities to study the various perspectives that are included in the SCM-TBFO framework. The key schools of thought included the evolutionary theory of innovation, institutional theory and internationalization theory. The studies had differing settings or contexts, including China, Europe, the USA and Taiwan. Further, key methodologies that were used included regression, case studies, structural equation modeling (SEM) and theoretical studies. Knowledge transfer and innovation triggers included competitive advantage, competitive pressure, constant requirements for better products and services, foreign direct investment (FDI) and globalization. Knowledge transfer and innovation facilitators were categorized into strategy-related facilitators, organization culture and orientation-related facilitators, and resource-related facilitators. Knowledge transfer and innovation barriers included autonomy, international knowledge dispersion, risk of knowledge leakage, search breadth, ambiguity and institutional voids. Key outcomes of knowledge transfer and innovation in multinationals included financial performance, innovation performance, knowledge flow, transfer effectiveness, patents and new product development.Originality/valueBy synthesizing the literature, the study aims to provide an overview of the current state of research on knowledge transfer and innovation in multinationals. The study develops a holistic model for fostering knowledge transfer and innovation in multinationals. The proposed novel framework can also be applied to perform a holistic assessment of the current literature in various research domains. Further, the study suggests future theory development and research agendas. The study also provides implications for practitioners using the framework to achieve more desirable outcomes.

Delhivery started in 2011 and was a key player in the Indian e-commerce logistics industry. It was ranked number one in terms of the number of shipments handled. The brainchild of Sahil Barua and Suraj Saharan, Delhivery began as a last-mile delivery partner of restaurants in Gurugram and, over the years, grew along with the e-commerce boom in India. The case provides a detailed note of Delhivery’s evolution from 2011 to 2019, especially focusing on the multifaceted development of Delhivery not limited to e-commerce delivery but also its initiative in building an ecosystem for e-commerce firms to operate in India. The competition was intensifying in the e-commerce logistics industry, and Delhivery was contemplating how it should sustain its competitive advantage, contain its losses and break-even at the earliest.

Purpose This research aims to conduct a systematic review of the literature on coopetition to assess its impact on firm performance in various contexts. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric analysis of 144 papers from 1999 to 2021 and analysis of literature under the premise of theory, context, characteristics and methodology using the Theory–Context–Characteristics–Methodology (TCCM) approach was conducted using Institute for Scientific Information Web of Sciences data on coopetition literature. Findings The study enlists the influential journals, evolutions and citations of the articles and particularly identifies six research streams under the domain of coopetition and additionally charts out the future research agenda. Practical implications The results highlighted in this study may be helpful for managers and practitioners to understand the dynamics of a strategic alliance with their competitor organizations. Moreover, managers may utilize the coopetition strategy to enhance customer value and leverage this relationship for more excellent firm performance. Furthermore, the results obtained through cluster analysis can be considered as a start point to develop frameworks for a business relationship with competitors. This study utilizes content analysis and bibliometric analysis to assess the diverse view and understand the development of the field that may help the researchers increase the rigor and transparency of reviewing the literature and answer various questions that may arise to assess competitors’ interorganizational relationships. Originality/value No systematic literature review has analyzed the literature on coopetition using the TCCM approach and identified various research streams under the perspective of different contextual settings.

We review the literature on organizational ambidexterity using the hybrid review approach, which integrates bibliometric analysis with a framework-based review. We provide directions for future studies by identifying key gaps in the existing literature. The bibliometric analysis provides the trends and progress of the research field through citation analysis, analysis of keyword co-occurrence, and other bibliometric indicators such as most influential journals, countries, and authors. The TCCM (Theories, Contexts, Characteristics, and Methodology) framework helps us to identify the widely used theories, constructs, and methods in ambidexterity research and provides new avenues for future research by analyzing the most used theories, methods, constructs, and research contexts. We suggest that future researchers should explore the behavioral components of firms’ environment as an antecedent factor and there should be more emphasis on summarization of the divergent views pertaining to ambidexterity enablers. In addition to identifying the key research themes and knowledge structure of organizational ambidexterity, this review would help to create a value to the ambidexterity literature in terms of quantification and consolidation of research evolution. This is the first comprehensive literature review using hybrid approach (bibliometric review with TCCM framework) in the field of organizational ambidexterity research.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the rational cogent correlation among the factors that are responsible for the implementation of entrepreneurship to reinstate the severely affected ecosystem during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis paper attempts to identify the various units of entrepreneurship and public policies of entrepreneurship from the coherent literature review and examine the units' objectives. Examination of these units will help understand how the economy can recover from the COVID-19 impact. Total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) and matrix impacts cross multiplication applique and classement (MICMAC) have been used to recognize the factors, which are responsible for detangling the slowdown of the economy.FindingsOn the basis of the literature review, a total of 13 factors have been identified. The TISM methodology represents the hierarchical structure of the recognized factors and examines the pros and cons.Research limitations/implicationsThe TISM lags to explain the strength and bond among the factors. The MICMAC addresses this problem and advises what factor plays an essential role and which factor impact is the least. An advocate administration of the factors could help to achieve a successful entrepreneurial plan.Originality/valueAn analytic study of the literature review demonstrates the relationship among the units to frame an entrepreneurial plan during the COVID-19 pandemic by using the TISM methodology. Hence, TISM provides reasonable facts to examine why and what factors need more attention for the generation of new business starters in the economic crisis.

PurposeThis study theoretically investigates the extant literature published about circular economy and sustainable development to identify significant research themes, the most relevant authors, countries and journals.Design/methodology/approachBibliometric analysis is used, followed by cluster formation using co-citation analysis. The clusters are discussed in-depth to identify emerging themes and future research areas.FindingsBy systematically reviewing 596 research articles, significant themes of research in this field were found. These include frameworks and indicators to define and assess the circular economy, circular business models and use cases, global and industrial contexts of application of circular economy and different dimensions of the circular economy.Research limitations/implicationsPublications from only one database have been used. Only articles published in relevant academic journals have been used for the bibliometric analysis. For co-citation analysis and cluster formation, only articles with a high number of citations were selected.Originality/valueThe analysis of the various clusters revealed research areas that can be explored in future research to understand the circular economy better and implement its practices to attain sustainability.

PurposeThis study explores the variables that drive the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the competitiveness of a tourism firm. The relationship between the variables is established using the modified total interpretive structural modelling (m-TISM) methodology. The factors are identified through literature review and expert opinion. This study investigates the hierarchical relationship between these variables.Design/methodology/approachThe modified total interpretive structural modelling (m-TISM) method is used to develop a hierarchical interrelationship among variables that display direct and indirect impact. The competitiveness of a tourism firm is measured by investigating the effect of variables on the firm's financial performance.FindingsThe study identifies ten key factors essential for analysing the impact of AI on a firm's competitiveness. The m-TISM methodology gave us the hierarchical relationship between the factors and their interpretation. A theoretical TISM model has been constructed based on the hierarchy and relationship of the elements. The elements that fall in Level V are “AI Skilled Workforce”, “Infrastructure” and “Policies and Regulations”. Level IV includes the elements “AI Readiness”, “AI-Enabled Technologies” and “Digital Platforms”. Elements that fall under Level III are “Productivity” and “AI Innovation”. Level II and Level I comprise “Tourist Satisfaction” and “Financial Performance”, respectively. The levels indicate the elements' hierarchical level, with Level I the highest and Level V the lowest.Research limitations/implicationsTourism and AI scholars can analyse the given variables by including the transitive links and incorporate new variables depending upon future research. The m-TISM model constructed from literature review and expert opinion can act as a theoretical base for future studies to be conducted by researchers.Practical implicationsManagement/Practitioners can focus on the available characteristics and capitalise on them while working on the factors lacking in their organisation to enhance their competitiveness. Entrepreneurs starting their own business can utilise the elements in understanding the ecosystem of strengthening a firm's competitiveness. They can work to improve on the aspects which are crucial and trigger the impact on competitiveness. The government and management can devise policies and strategies that encompass the essential factors that positively impact the competitiveness of the firms. The approach can then be looked at with a holistic approach to cater to the other related components of the tourism industry.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind to use the modified TISM methodology to understand the impact of AI on the competitiveness of tourism firms.

The study illustrates an application of evidence data for performing Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM). TISM is widely used to analyze the critical success factors or inhibitors and their interlinkages. This study uses learning from evidence data, specifically social media analytics, to identify the relationship between the elements. Thus, it leads to the advancement of the TISM-P methodology with evidence-based TISM (TISM-E). This study uses Twitter as a source of evidence data. Further, 2,60,297 tweets were used to illustrate the process of TISM-E. The paper demonstrates the application of TISM-E for the success of the COVID-19 vaccination drive. The pandemic effects are long-term; therefore, the hierarchical model developed shows a sustainable approach for vaccinating maximum population. Further, the framework developed will ensure the distribution efficacy of vaccines. In addition, it will aid practitioners in developing future vaccination policies. The enhanced model provides evidence for polarity (positive/negative) of relationships and can help to build propositions for theory development. The study contributes to healthcare, modeling research, and graph-theoretic literature.

PurposeThe ease and convenience of online shopping are shifting the customers to e-tailers. This has prompted offline retailers to re-examine behavioural patterns along with a reconfiguration for a responsive retail model. The paper investigates the influence of responsiveness on customer satisfaction, cross-buying behaviour, revisit intention and referral behaviour.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via a survey answered by 793 fashion customers from India, and for data analysis, partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed. Path analysis was used to determine the interrelationships amongst the constructs used in the study.FindingsThe standardized path coefficients depict competitive responsiveness as the highest contributor of retailers' responsiveness followed by service responsiveness, employee responsiveness and customer responsiveness. The findings suggest that customer satisfaction acts as the biggest contributor to referral behaviour followed by cross-buying behaviour and revisit intentions.Originality/valueThis study has made a substantial contribution to fashion apparel retailing. The findings revealed that responsive retailing influences the customers' post-purchase behaviour as they engage in more cross-buying, revisiting and referral behaviour. The retailers are encouraged to carefully monitor their preparedness to deliver a combination of sensory, emotional, cognitive and social experience to their customers.

The aim of the study is to conduct a structured review of literature on the antecedents of organizational ambidexterity by reconciling the mixed outcomes produced by the extant literature. This study offers some theoretical insights into the divergent views of authors on these factors by analysing the empirical studies done in the literature. This paper systematically analyses the extant literature on the factors affecting organizations' ambidexterity, using meta-analysis and the theory, context, characteristics, and methodology (TCCM) framework. Forty-three research papers across various journals that discussed the correlation of the variables with organizational ambidexterity were selected. The sample size was 17,383, and 20 variables were selected for the analysis. The results revealed that two variables showed high levels of heterogeneity. The implications of this study are relevant to the present business scenario and of substantial interest to scholars, as they provide a more detailed understanding of the very foundation of organizational ambidexterity.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to model the strategic thinking process, considering the different psychological traits of TMTs (top management teams) and how the technological dynamism affects the strategies framed together impacting the performance of the firm.Design/methodology/approachModeling and simulation are done in this study using the system dynamics (SD) tool. The data are extracted using social media analytics, and the same is given as an input for the SDmodel, which is used for modeling and simulation of the interdependencies between the psychological factors, technological dynamism and firm performance. The analysis decodes how a change in the thinking process of a TMT has an impact on the performance of the company in an automobile market.FindingsThe study has explained how different psychological traits affect the thinking process of a TMT and how the strategies framed with this thinking behavior have an impact on firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited only to the automobile industry in India, and only partial psychological constructs were considered to examine their impact on firm performance. This study can be further extended by analyzing the same to various other industries along with many other psychological constructs.Practical implicationsThe findings identify the change in behavior of the performance due to the thinking process and technological dynamism. This helps the top management to take into consideration different factors that affect the strategies framed for the company and what are the threshold points in the system that are to be focused on during the framing of a strategy.Originality/valueThe study fills the unattended gaps in the literature regarding how the psychological traits are interdependent and how their relationship is affecting the thinking process, which is going to have an impact on the behavior of the firm performance. It also adds to the literature of systems thinking.

In the year 2020, the Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management (GJFSM) has celebrated its two decades of publication. This study is an attempt to commemorate the two decades of publication by presenting the overview of the GJFSM along with the trajectory of flexibility research in various journals. By using multiple bibliometric tools and indicators, the study finds that the GJFSM has grown over the years in terms of total publications and citations. The contributors are from across the globe, i.e., South America, North America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Pacific. The Journal publishes several flexibility areas, including information systems flexibility, financial flexibility, supply chain flexibility, technology management flexibility, marketing flexibility, organizational flexibility, strategic flexibility, and manufacturing flexibility. The GJFSM is cited by authors from various countries across the globe. It has been cited across different Scopus categorizations, including “Strategy and Management,” “Business and International Management,” “General Business, Management and Accounting,” “Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,” and “Management Science and Operations Research.” Keyword co-occurrences analysis helps to analyze the various groups of keywords cited together in the GJFSM. Co-citation analysis of references helps to identify crucial clusters of GJFSM, i.e., strategic flexibility, manufacturing flexibility, the conceptual framework of flexibility, supply chain flexibility, modeling flexibility, and application of TISM. Overall, GJFSM has seen an increase in both publications and citations, reflecting its increasing presence among the journals publishing flexibility research. The diversity of flexibility research and its contributions to research under-one-roof make this Journal unique. The paper concludes with the gap areas of flexibility research and the way forward.

PurposeMost of the services being delivered to persons with disabilities (PwDs) in India are through non-government organizations (NGOs). The quality and effectiveness for the delivery of services to PwDs largely depends on the capacity of the NGOs involved. This study attempts to understand the linkage between various capabilities of non-profits organizations working in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities and their value creation.Design/methodology/approachUsing a mixed methodology, the study has conducted various interviews with the involved stakeholders and interviews to obtain a complete understanding and overcome the limitations of quantitative or qualitative approach alone.FindingsThe findings of this study exhibit that there is a significant and positive influence of financial capability, human resource capability, stakeholder capability, dynamic capability and collaboration capability on non-profit performance. However, knowledge capability has no effect on non-profit performance.Originality/valueThis study will help in making policies for policymakers in capacity building of NGOs. This research study is the first attempt in exploring the critical factors in capacity building of NGOs in the intellectual disability sector, particularly in India.

PurposeThe study aims to identify, analyse and develop a model for measuring the inter-relationship and interaction among the inter-partner factors. International joint ventures (IJVs) literature has scantly studied the interactions and inter-relationships among the inter-partner factors of IJVs performance. To address this gap, this research creates a hierarchical relationship framework among the inter-partner factors of IJVs performance.Design/methodology/approachThe comprehensive literature review is used to identify the factors and possible relationships between the factors and IJVs performance. M-TISM (modified total interpretive structural modelling) methodology is used to examine the relationship among the factors of IJVs performance.FindingsThis study highlights 12 inter-partner factors that affect IJVs performance. The results suggest that size asymmetry, commitment, goal incongruency, competitive overlap, trust, control, the interdependency of resources, cooperation, economic distance, cultural distance, geographical distance and administrative distance significantly impact IJVs performance. Commitment is found to be a linkage variable as it has high dependence and driving power. Goal incongruency and competitive overlap have high driving power.Research limitations/implicationsThis study gives a proposed list of critical inter-partner factors for policymakers and practitioners to consider when developing rules or recommendations to improve IJVs performance. The focus of policymakers should be on economic and geographical distance, followed by cultural distance, competitive overlap, goal incongruency, size asymmetry and administrative distance to improve inter-relationship among the partners in IJVs. The work contributes to the academician by presenting a modified TISM model that highlights the significance of ambidexterity in driving the performance of IJVs.Originality/valueThis study fills a gap in the literature by analysing the interactions among the inter-partner parameters that influence the performance of IJVs. It offers insights into the variables, such as driver dependence and the relationships between the variables.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explain the interrelationships between the elements of strategic thinking, technological change and strategic risks. The main objective of this research is to identify the hierarchy for the elements of thinking, technological change and strategic risk and also to identify the driving powers of these elements.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used in this study is modified total interpretive structural modelling and MICMAC analysis which gives the interrelationships and also the driving powers of the elements by analysing the relationships between the elements from the existing literature. This method helps us in answering/understanding the “what”, “how” and “why” of the research. Modified total Interpretive structural modeling is considered in this study, which helps in doing both the paired comparisons and transitivity checks simultaneously. A digraph is constructed at the end of the analysis, which shows the links between the elements, and a driver dependence matrix is constructed, which shows the driving powers.FindingsThis study gives an understanding of the role of the elements, the relationships between them and the hierarchy of addressing these elements, and also the driving and dependence power. Findings of this research give us an understanding of how strategic thinking/technological change/strategic drives the performance of the firm.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is conducted with the help of existing literature; this can be further extended by considering the expert opinion.Practical implicationsThe model explains the direct and transitive links of the elements and the strength of the relation between them, which helps the researchers and the practitioners to understand the driving power and importance of these constructs. It also helps us to understand the role of these elements and, if implemented in an organisation, which elements need to be prioritised for enhancing the performance of the firm.Originality/valueResearch done in the past has individually analysed the elements effecting strategic thinking; this study identifies the relationships between the elements of all three constructs and helps in understanding the levels of hierarchy.

PurposeThis study aims to identify critical factors and examine their impact on alliance performance from an organizational learning point of view.Design/methodology/approachA modified total interpretive structural modeling (M-TISM) methodology was used in this study. The different paths/links in the developed M-TISM model were further validated by using the Mahindra-Ford alliance case study.FindingsIn this study, a total of seven critical factors were identified using an extensive literature review, and a hierarchical model was developed. Results show that prior alliance experience, inter-partner learning, knowledge transfer, absorptive capacity and knowledge internalization have a positive on the alliance productivity and performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that prior alliance experience remains essential for alliance productivity and performance, while knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity can contribute to inter-partner learning and knowledge internalization in strategic alliances.Research limitations/implicationsThis study can help managers and policymakers to understand the identified critical factors from an organizational learning perspective and understand their impact on the alliance performance in a competitive environment. The managers should know that previous alliance experience, learning from partner firms, building an absorptive capacity, etc., are necessary to achieve superior alliance productivity and performance. For academicians, the M-TISM methodology used in this study can provide a mechanism to perform exploratory research and build a hierarchical model in different management research fields.Originality/valueThe study fills research gaps by identifying key factors, developing a hierarchical model, and examining their impact on the performance of strategic alliances in the Indian automotive industry.

Purpose This study aims to identify the antecedents of strategic thinking and its relationship with competitive advantage. Further, this study analyses the mediating effect of strategic thinking between its antecedents and competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach A self-reported questionnaire with 51 questions was floated among 220 professionals from various industries in India. The response was analysed using the partial least squares-structural equation modelling methodology using SmartPLS software. Findings The direct effect of creativity, corporate culture and knowledge management are established with strategic thinking, as well as a competitive advantage. Also, the study finds a significant relationship between strategic thinking and competitive advantage. The study finds no mediation (direct effect) in the case of creativity, corporate culture and knowledge management. Further, no mediation (no relationship) is found in the case of vision. Practical implications Business must start adopting strategic thinking practices in their decision-making process to create a competitive advantage. Further, the influence of corporate culture, creativity and knowledge management on strategic thinking highlights their importance. Originality/value The study establishes the impact of antecedents of strategic thinking on competitive advantage. The study highlights the importance of other factors along with strategic thinking for achieving competitive advantage.

PurposeThe last two decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the body of research on the theoretical perspective of the performance of international joint ventures (IJVs). However, the evidence on the antecedents of IJVs performance is inconsistent. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the quantitative studies on the antecedents of the performance of IJVs to identify the research gaps in this area and to prepare a future research agenda using the theory, context, characteristics and methodology (TCCM) framework.Design/methodology/approachMeta-Analysis review is conducted on 97 papers from A*, A and B category journals from the Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List.FindingsThe results reveal the homogeneity in antecedents such as administrative distance, BOD (board of directors) involvement, resource interdependency, flexibility, learning, competitive overlap, cultural distance, R&D (research and development) intensity, contract, relatedness, the existence of a local IJVs partner, trust, operational experience, partners capability, size asymmetry, goal congruency, capital adequacy, economic distance and heterogeneity in the antecedents such as equity ownership, commitment, control, cooperation and conflict are heterogeneous.Originality/valueThis review seeks to provide deeper insights, which help us to contribute toward the development of the research field of antecedents of the performance of IJVs. The authors have synthesized 97 independent samples with a total sample size of 52,268.

The growing influence of digital media has motivated many organizations, including political parties, to adopt it to promote their agendas, share political and professional viewpoints, and indulge in social interactions. Twitter is one of the microblogging platforms that stands out nowadays due to its important and influential role in the interactions related to politics and world crises, especially in spreading short transitory news across the world. This study examines the composition of the tweets of political organizations and their respective leaders, as well as the effect of these tweets on the people involved in the Indian 17th Parliament elections 2019. In addition, this work highlights the advantageous and disadvantageous strategies of the political parties, including the allegation of corruption against their opponents, are highlighted. The analysis demonstrates how political parties utilize Twitter to drive the public sentiment and use digital media to function.

PurposeThe paper aims to identify, analyse and develop a model for measuring the inter-relationship and interaction among the antecedents influencing innovation implementation. The extant literature has not widely studied the interactions and inter-relationships among the antecedents of innovation implementation. To fill this gap, the paper develops a hierarchical relationship framework between the identified antecedents of innovation implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe study follows mixed method-based approach using two methodologies: modified total interpretive structural modelling (m-TISM) and MICMAC (Matriced’ Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement) analysis. m-TISM is used for the purpose of establishing the hierarchical relationship among the antecedents. MICMAC analysis is used to study the driver-dependent relationship. To identify the antecedents of innovation implementation, the paper follows a systematic search method found in the review articles. The article search was performed across different databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO and Scopus.FindingsIn this study, eight innovation implementation antecedents are identified. The analysis indicates that competency antecedents such as leader competency and employee competency, having high driving and weak dependence power, are at the lowest level in the hierarchical model, whereas, innovation implementation, having high dependence and low driving power, is at the highest level in the hierarchical model. Strategic resources act as a linkage variable.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study summarizes the extant literature to generalize the findings, the future studies can focus upon statistical validation of model by employing structural equation modelling to generalize the results.Practical implicationsThe practitioners must emphasize on antecedents having strong driving power for successful implementation of innovation. The hierarchical model is proposed for implementing innovation successfully that will help organizations to be more competitive, productive and profitable.Originality/valueIn this study, m-TISM and MICMAC-based hierarchical models are proposed for implementing innovation successfully in organizations. It also provides the variables insights such as driver-dependent interrelationship between the identified antecedents.

PurposeThere has been an increasing interest amongst the researchers to work and explore, “Black Swan” events which are not well studied. However, the “Black Swan” events hold an eminent relevance amongst academicians and practitioners. The present study offers nuanced understanding of “Black Swan” events.Design/methodology/approachWe undertook an extensive bibliometric analysis of the extant literature using “Black Swan” as guiding keyword with the help of SCOPUS database.FindingsThe search for articles only yielded 59 articles. Our analyses highlight the prominent works, authors and journals. Further, this study reveal the research gaps that may help guide future scholars interested in “Black Swan” events to examine in different context.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study develops a research agenda and offers numerous research directions. Research on “Black Swan” events can be apprehended at three different stages – pre-black swan event, about black swan event and post-black swan event with identified sub-themes.Originality/valueThis paper is the pioneer research work to dedicatedly analyse the existing set of literature with “Black Swan”.

The implementation of an innovation landscape has transformed the emerging Asia-Pacific economies in the past few decades with increased investment opportunities and multinational organizations. Th...

PurposeIntervention of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought up the issue of future job prospects in terms of the employability of the professionals and their readiness to harness the benefits of the AI. The purpose of this study is to recognize the implications of AI on employability by analyzing the issues in the health-care sector that if not addressed, can dampen the possibilities offered by AI intervention and its pervasiveness (Cornell University, INSEAD, and WIPO, 2019).Design/methodology/approachTo get an insight on these concerns, an approach of total interpretive structural modelling, cross impact matrix multiplication applied to classification and path analysis have been used to understand the role of the critical factors influencing employability in the health-care sector.FindingsThis study primarily explores the driving-dependence power of the critical factors of the employability and displays hierarchical relationships. It also discusses measures which, if adopted, can enhance employability in the health-care sector with the intervention of AI.Research limitations/implicationsEmployability also has an impact on the productivity of the health-care service delivery which may provide a holistic opportunity to the management in health-care organizations to forecast the allocation and training of human resources and technological resources.Originality/valueThe paper attempts to analyze AI intervention and other driving factors (operational changes, customized training intervention, openness to learning, attitude toward technology, job-related skills and AI knowledge) to analyze their impact on employability with the changing needs. It establishes the hierarchical relationship among the critical factors influencing employability in the health-care sector because of the intervention of AI.

PurposeIn the rapidly changing business world, innovation plays a vital role for organizations to gain a competitive advantage. Various factors associated with technology management and innovations in organizations are diverse in the existing literature. Therefore, there is a need to bridge these gaps in the fitting proportions toward innovations within organizations. The primary objective of this study is to identify, explain and interpret the relationships between the identified technology-related factors that are important for innovations in organizations.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, a modified total interpretive structural modeling (M-TISM) methodology was used to examine and analyze the various interactions between identified factors for innovations in organizations. However, the argumentation of the links is relatively weak in M-TISM. In order to compensate for this, M-TISM is additionally altered by an “Argumentation-based Modified TISM”. Hence, this research strengthens the modified TISM methodology by incorporating argumentation and total interpretation of the relationships between the identified factors.FindingsA total of six major factors were identified using a literature review. Results suggest that workforce technical skills, technological infrastructure, technological alliances, technology transfer and top management support have an impact on innovation in organizations. Results also suggest that top management support and the technological infrastructure of an organization have a greater impact on innovation.Research limitations/implicationsFor policymakers and practitioners, this study provides a suggestive list of critical factors, which may help to develop policies or guidelines for improving innovation in organizations. Policymakers should focus on technological infrastructure and collaborations to enhance innovations and productions within the organizations. For academicians, this study provides a modified TISM model that shows the impact of technology-related factors on innovations. Future researchers could expand this study by adding a greater number of technological factors and validate this model in other industries.Originality/valueThis study fills a gap in the literature by interpreting the various relationships among the identified factors and innovations. The model has been validated through a panel of seven experts from the Indian automotive industry of multiple organizations. This study is useful in the automobile industry as it determines what and how technology-related factors affect innovations, process improvement and R&D production for organizations.

PurposeAssessing the antecedents of innovation implementation holds importance for companies, as previous studies have shown that without proper implementation the innovation is doomed to fail. Over the past few years, research on innovation implementation is growing. However, the evidence on the antecedents of innovation implementation is inconsistent. The purpose of the study is to conduct a review of the literature using meta-analysis to summarize the divergent views present in the literature.Design/methodology/approachA meta-analysis technique is adopted for reviewing the literature. The literature search was conducted with selected keywords in different databases and top journals from the ABDC list (A* and A).FindingsThe results of the meta-analysis that summarize evidence from 42 papers, 100 effect sizes and 32,223 organizations show the significance and homogeneous/heterogeneous opinions of the past studies. Results reveal the homogeneity in antecedents such as transformational leadership, business collaboration, employee competency, leader competency, absorptive capacity and business size and heterogeneity in the antecedents such as communication, customer collaboration, internal entrainment, external entrainment, implementation climate and strategic resources.Research limitations/implicationsThe results imply that managers attempting to implement innovation in the organizations need to first focus on homogenous antecedents followed by heterogeneous antecedents for successful implementation.Originality/valueThis study advocates research on innovation implementation. It tests the significance, nature of the relationship and summarizes the divergent views on antecedents of innovation implementation in an organization. The results of this study can also be used in the theoretical advancement of management innovation literature.

Merger and acquisition is a popular governance structure that strategically combines the resources of one firm with those of another. This paper examines the diverse factors influencing the acquisition process and the associated benefits of good governance. The study evaluates the post-acquisition performance from the perspective of Zain's acquisition by Bharti Airtel in South Africa. The acquisition operation is described in terms of how the acquiring firm exploits their capabilities to enhance the overall performance in an emerging market. Efforts have also been made to consult the literature in order to identify the key factors affecting post-acquisition performance. This study is useful for providing academic researchers, managers, and practitioners with a body of knowledge in the telecom field and in the planning of cross-border acquisition operations. The strategic acquisition strengths and opportunities in the field of mobile network development and in the telecom industry, in general, are also covered. Based on the case study of Zain's acquisition, a research model for assessing post-acquisition performance was developed. We highlight four dynamic aspects that enhance a firm's post-acquisition performance: organizational learning, knowledge integration, technological capability, and technology relatedness.

PurposeThis study aims to identify and prioritize various growth-accelerating factors in the Indian automotive industry. It further develops a hierarchical model to examine the mutual interactions between the factors, their dependence and their driving power.Design/methodology/approachThis study first identifies the growth-accelerating factors and then uses the modified total interpretive structural modeling (m-TISM) framework, which is an extended version of TISM. It further uses MICMAC analysis to analyze the mutual interrelation between the identified factors.FindingsThis study highlights the interrelation amongst the factors using m-TISM model. A hierarchical model shows the level of autonomous, dependence, linkage and independent factors considering the Indian automotive industry. This study also provides the understanding related to the interdependence of growth-accelerating factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe government and practitioners could evaluate the growth-accelerating factors which have higher driving power for implementing efficient policies and strategy formulation. By implementing m-TISM model in the Indian automotive industry, auto manufacturers can become more productive and profitable. Future studies could use other methods such as expert opinion to derive the factors, and further model could be verified using structural equation modeling technique.Originality/valueThis study uses a novel m-TISM framework for the analysis of growth-accelerating factors in the context of the Indian automotive industry. It further provides a detailed theoretical and conceptual understanding relating to the philosophy and establishes an interrelation amongst these under-researched growth-accelerating factors.