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Functionally graded piezoelectric material has very enormous application in the field of engineering and science. It is very useful for smart device like micro electric mechanical system, nano electro mechanical system. In the present work the effect of diametric ratio has been observed for functionally graded piezoelectric circular plate. d15 effect has been utilized for exited shear induced flexural vibration. Plate has been readily polarized and electric effect is applied along the thickness direction.

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease and chronic renal failure. HTN affects about 1 billion people globally; by 2025, up to 1.58 billion adults worldwide are likely to suffer from complications of HTN. This study was done to know the diet and physical activity patterns and HTN among the population of three districts of Western Rajasthan. Objectives: To study the dietary and physical activity patterns among the population of Western Rajasthan. and to compare key findings among three districts Pali, Jodhpur and Barmer so that lifestyle changes can be recommended. Methods: A case-control study was done among attendees of NCD clinics of tertiary-level centers in Pali, Barmer and Jodhpur. Hospital Controls were matched to age (± 5 years) and gender Considering the prevalence of HTN to be 20%*, the proportion of exposure in the general population as 0.2, odds ratio to be 2.2, power =80%, alpha=5% sample size is estimated to be 102 cases & 102 controls (from each district). Results: Overall being married (OR= 3.3), having diabetes Cardiac disease (OR= 2.6), excessive salt consumption (OR= 2.7), moderate physical exercise less than 30 minutes (OR=1.9), using oil other than vegetable oil(OR=1.8) , Age >?60 years (OR =1.4) were the key risk factors. It was found that high BMI (BMI>27), consumption of non-vegetable oils (12.7%) was highest in Jodhpur, lack of moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes (81%), lack of sports activity (92%) was highest in Pali, least number of days/week of fruits and vegetables consumption (~1.64 days) was seen in Barmer. Conclusions: Change in quantity of salt consumption and incorporation of moderate physical exercise for >30 minutes was most followed in control of HTN among the attendees of NCD Clinics from the multiple advise given.

This study assessed the effect of heat stress mitigations on the physiological, behavioural, and hormonal responses of buffalo during the hot summer season. Twenty Murrah buffalo male calves were distributed randomly into controlled (C, n = 10) and treatment groups (T, n = 10). The buffalo calves in the C group were housed in the existing shed (10-12-ft height and 10-ft width). Buffalo calves of the T group were allocated in the modified shed: 15-ft height and 20-ft width along with time-controlled pressure mist with fans and rubber mats on the floor. Fans were running all days. The cool water was misted on calves at the rate of 1 min in 5 min, from 11:00 to 18:00 h. The water misting system was installed below the roof, but at 3.5 m above the floor. The calves' body weight, rectal temperature, infrared temperature of the eye, blood samples, respiration rate, and pulse rate were recorded fortnightly for two consecutive months. In one-way ANOVA, rectal temperature, eye temperature, cortisol level, and afternoon's respiration and pulse rate were higher in the calves of C group than that of T group (P 0.05). Conversely, eating and resting time (min/day) and triiodothyronine were lower in the calves of C group than that of T group (P 0.05). Therefore, an increase in shed's height and width, using rubber mats on the floor, and cool water misting to buffaloes during the hot summer seasons positively influence their physiological, hormonal, and behavioural responses.

Water is used almost in every sector, growth in population and increase in the standard of living of people so demand is increased. Water is used by all the living creatures found in the world but a very small portion of water is available for drinking and other purposes. This available usable water is mismanaged by human beings, for this mismanagement of water introducing a tool by IWA/AWWA is water-audit. Water-audit is used for reducing water-losses, leakages and gives the information of water used by consumers. Environment audit carried out in stages, water audit also consists of many stages. In this review paper, case studies are highlighted, which gives the general methodology adopted for auditing. Water balance sheet is very useful for understanding the types of losses and type of water used in particular DMA (District Metered Area). Due to the loss of water Non-revenue water is increased, for reducing losses requires huge investments.

Cloud computing is one of the bleeding edge advances used by far most of the people. Cloud clients are mentioned to present the individual private data to the cloud by the internet. Big data or we can say huge information is an information examination system that contributes to the fast development of different applications utilizing in everyday life like interpersonal organization investigation, semantic web examination and bio-informatics arrange investigation. The model of cloud computing is spreading wherever so as to convey huge information administrations. In this paper give an overview and brief details about the recent innovation used technologies big data and cloud computing.

We investigated the effect of different types of mother-young contacts (fenceline, restricted and no contact) on the health, growth performance, behaviour and physiological state of Murrah buffalo calves. A total of 24 calves were allocated to three groups of 8: NCM (no calf–mother contact), RCM (restricted calf–mother contact) and FCM (fenceline calf–mother contact). At three months of age, the FCM calves had a higher average body weight (58.6 ± 1.5 kg) than the RCM (52.8 ± 1.3 kg) and NCM (53.6 ± 1.3 kg) calves (P < 0.05). The average daily gain (ADG) at three months of age was greater in FCM (0.6 ± 0.1 kg/d) than RCM (0.5 ± 0.1 kg/d) and NCM (0.5 ± 0.1 kg/d) calves (P < 0.05). The mean immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations were significantly greater on d 7, 28, 42 and d 56 of sampling (P < 0.05 for all comparisons) in FCM than RCM and NCM calves. The mean cortisol levels were highest in the NCM calves followed by RCM and the lowest values were observed in FCM calves on d 0, d 7, d 28, d 42 and d 56, respectively (P < 0.05, for all recorded days). The diarrhoea score and eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) were significantly greater in the NCM group compared to the RCM and FCM groups. The time spent in cross sucking, licking inanimate objects and self-licking was greatest (P < 0.05) in NCM calves, followed by RCM calves, and was almost non-existent in the FCM group on all the recorded weeks. Time spent in backward ear position was greater (P < 0.05) in FCM than RCM and NCM calves. The average time spent in forward ear position was greatest (P < 0.05) in the RCM calves followed by NCM with the lowest time observed in FCM calves. The mean duration of time spent by calves in the asymmetrical and axial ear position differed significantly (P < 0.05) among NCM, RCM and FCM calves, P < 0.05. The full and fenceline buffalo calf–mother contact system showed higher growth rates, lower levels of stress responses, oral stereotypies and eggs per gram of faeces. In addition, ear postures may be used as a dependable, and reliable measure of positive, low arousal emotional states.

The decline of traditional water bodies in India needs to be addressed for a sustainable water management system in both urban and rural context. Traditional water conservation practices have been overpowered by the growing urbanisation can still reduce environmental stress. Deeg, known as the "city of water palaces," still maintains a number of water storage facilities that several kings over the course of centuries erected to address summertime water shortages in semi-arid zones of India. This research study was undertaken to give empirical evidence to revive and utilise one such traditional waterbody of Gopal Sagar and Roop Sagar in Deeg palace. By assessing the water quality of the water bodies, the paper tries to gauge the immediate impact of such water bodies on the surroundings. Through conversations with technical staff, field observations, and resident interviews, numerous analysis methodologies have been practiced to comprehend the long-term viability of these certain measures. The paper also examines the hydrological system of the associated water body and discusses the conservation practices that can be implemented for the research setting. The comprehensive study has enhanced understanding of the spatio-temporal behaviour of the water bodies which can also be useful in the future for policymakers and authorities in designing or improving similar traditional water bodies anywhere in the India. In order to keep these vital water sources from going extinct in the cities where water is already scarce, it is crucial to monitor, control, prevent, and most importantly educate the public and grassroots institutions.

The construction materials industry has been acclaimed as an enormous economy and is expected to continue to rise in future. Over the past few years, India's urban built environment has been expanding rapidly to accommodate the increasing urban population and to meet the rising aspirations of upscaling standards of living. In addition to new projects, redevelopment works are also prominent amongst the construction activities being undertaken all across our urban areas. The large-scale construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) is generated inadvertently from on-going construction activities with no major sustainable interventions or practices in place ever since. The state of art overview of C&D waste management practices and related legislation in India and select countries abroad provides sufficient opportunity for introducing and promoting circular economy (CE) in C&D waste management. This can be done through direct reuse or by recycling/ repair /refurbishment in different stages of construction projects. Reports on key infrastructure projects suggest project delays and cost over-run due to shortage of fresh stocks of primary construction materials. Promoting design of products or components remanufactured using dismantled or recycled C&D waste would no longer let the C&D waste remain as a threat to sustainable environment. Instead, the industry would get geared up to produce high-quality secondary raw materials that can be fed back into production processes. This will not just reduce the reliance on primary resources for construction materials like stone, sand, etc. but also promote the new business models which will focus on waste prevention and ‘turning waste into resources’ by effectively and efficiently utilizing C&D waste in a sustainable manner. This will embed circular economy in the system and also make the process more sustainable. Present models for sustainability assessment are primarily based on statistical records of C&D waste quantities and they rarely include all three aspects of sustainability (economic, environmental and social). This paper proposes a conceptual model of efficient C&D waste management strategies considering all the three aspects of sustainability. A conceptual model has been developed using the barriers and motivating factors obtained from literature review for implementation of effective C&D waste management for circular economy. Using existing knowledge of the components of C&D waste management system and the positive or negative relationships between them the proposed conceptual model focuses on strategies, institutional arrangement and economic circularity for managing the C&D waste. The paper highlights the need for an institutional framework and suitable strategies for efficient handling of C&D Waste. The paper concludes with possible future directions and potential policy recommendations for optimizing C&D waste management in India.

Planning for land resources is an essential decision-making process as it has multiplier effects on the economy of developing countries. Suitable strategies for planning and development of industrial areas, hold the potential to promote economic and environmental efficiency in India. Manufacturing industries as Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a major share of the total count of industries and also contribute approximately a third of country’s GDP. The siting of these enterprises becomes vital as they significantly affect the employment and economic issues and also their concentration impacts the ecology of a specific area. The historians and planners have put their findings on siting the manufacturing sector in the form of locational theories as discussed in this research study with case specific relevance to Jaipur city in Rajasthan. Considering such select locational theories and literature review along with the government policy framework, certain factors are identified having an analogous impact in deciding the location of MSME industries. These factors after surveys and expert opinion have been analyzed using GIS as a platform to propose a site suitability map in line with the character of MSME industries of Jaipur.

Increasing Air Pollution levels globally has been one of the major environmental risks on the ecosystem having multiplier effects on the human health. As a result, the need for regulating bodies to keep an eye on and evaluate pollution levels has grown, particularly in urban areas where human activity and population density are concentrated. Air quality monitoring thus becomes essential in creating and developing strategies to achieve the objectives of sustainable environmental policies. In India, there has been certain measures to set up air quality monitoring stations (AQMS) which are referred to form various action plans to improve the overall air quality in the country. The paper examines various approaches toward locating AQMS throughout the world and in India. It also discusses the approach of single or multi-pollutant monitoring worldwide with the use of various spatial tools and techniques. The guidelines and initiatives for locating optimal AQMS are examined in the study resulting in the formulation of various evaluation criteria which can be practiced for a holistic air quality management. The research aims to bridge the research gap and provide recommendations for an optimum approach to locating air quality monitoring stations in the urban areas of India and the world for better air quality management.

In Indian Automobile Industry for heavy & commercial vehicle segment, manufacturers always face the major problem of supply chain management. As manufacturer follows any kind of solution scheme, they do not find very improved results, so for Indian condition an innovative solution of supply chain is required. The study is based on using In Bound & Out Bound Strategy together providing an edge to come over the Supply chain management problem.

The objective of current investigation is to minimum the labor cost of staffs by using PI-LP and MI-LP. The price of tour is Rs.2000 for origin city and Rs.3000 for flight is in another city, rather than its origin city of tour. The price of tour is Rs.10,000 which is obtained in both the models. The method can also be used in mechanical engineering for transporting Problems and maximization problems.

Timing of elective caesarean deliveries at term has become an important issue nowadays due to the progressive increase in caesarean delivery rates in recent years all over the world. Advanced maternal age at conception, legal considerations, assisted reproductive techniques and maternal request play an important role in the increased rates of elective repeated caesarean delivery. However the most important cause is the increased number of cases with repeated caesarean sections. Hence, study was undertaken with the aim to find correlation between gestational age of elective caesarean section performed at 38 weeks, 39 weeks, 40 weeks and neonatal outcome. A prospective comparative study consisting of 750 patients was done over a period of one and half year in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Hospital in Delhi. Neonatal outcomes were based on: Birth weight, apgar score (at 1 and 5 minutes), Respiratory complications, Hypothermia (axillary temperature

The aim of the first study was to determine the influence of the calf handling (restricted or full contact) and fenceline bull stimulation on performance of mothers and their calves. The aim of the second study was to determine the relative impact of calf-bull contact, comparing the result of restricted calf and no bull with that of fenceline calf contact and direct bull contact on the performance of mother buffaloes and their calves. In Experiment 1, 24 mother-calf dyads were allocated to three treatments: NCB (no calf-mother-bull contact), RC-FBC (restricted calf and fenceline bull contact) and FC-FBC (fenceline calf and fenceline bull contact). In Experiment 2, another 24 mother-calf dyads were allocated to two treatments: RC-NB (restricted calf and no bull contact) and FC-DBC (fenceline calf and direct bull contact). In Experiment 1, average daily gain (ADG) was greater in FC-FBC than RC-FBC and NCB calves (p .05). Average dry matter intake (DMI) was greater in FC-FBC than RC-FBC and NCB calves. DMI of buffaloes was greater in FC-FBC than RC-FBC and NCB. Daily milk yield of buffaloes was more (p .05) in FC-FBC (10.2 ± 0.2 kg) than RC-FBC (8.4 ± 0.2 kg) and RC-FBC (7.8 ± 0.2 kg). There were no statistical differences observed in the interval from calving to first oestrus, first service, service period among three groups. In Experiment 2, ADG's and DMI were greater in FC-FBC calves than RC-FBC (p .05). DMI of buffaloes was greater in FC-DBC than RC-NBC (p .05). Daily milk yield of buffaloes was greater (p .05) in FC-DBC (11.6 ± 0.2 kg) than RC-NBC (8.3 ± 0.2 kg). The first oestrus (51.5 ± 3.1 vs. 103.2 ± 7.2), days to first service (74.8 ± 3.5 vs.112.0 ± 7.6) and service period (78.8 ± 4.8 vs.118.9 ± 8.3 days) were lower (p .05) in FC-DBC than RC-NBC buffaloes. The fenceline calf-mother contact increased the growth rate, FCR, and feeding efficiency of buffalo calves; reduced some stress responses and improved the productive performance of buffalo mothers. Further, mother-bull contact stimulated the post-partum reproductive performance of buffaloes in fenceline calf contact.

In the present research paper, two types of models are discussed for linear programming problems. Models are determining the work of the employee in day-to-day life. The first is Staff Scheduling for Bhopal-Dewas Corridor Toll Plaza and second is worker scheduling for Aqua sure Aquagurad Water Purifiers drinking water Company(Rukmani Beverages Pvt. Ltd.)

The study was conducted to determine the health status of hariana cattle in different seasons in breeding tract of haryana cattle. Health status of hariana 240 cattle has been studied in field cond...

Present study was conducted to study the influence of presence of bull on the behavioural signs of estrus expressed by Sahiwal heifers. For this experiment, a total of 24 Sahiwal heifers were allotted to 3 groups (T0, T1 and T2) of 8 animals each, based on the age and body weight. In T0, the heifers were isolated from the bull; in T1 group, the heifers were in contact with the bull through a fenceline exposure and in T2 group, the heifers were exposed through a fenceline contact (24 hours) with bull along with direct contact (for 6 hours) through another bull in the heifer shed. Estrus detection was done by bulls in T1 and T2 heifers group whereas in T0 group, heifers heat expectancy chart and visual observation of behavioural signs of estrus were used for estrus detection. Overall mean intensity of sniffing/licking, tail raising, micturition, chin resting and allowing mounting attempts during silent estrus in T0 was largely weak (88.64%) and in T1 heifers group, intensity was weak to moderate (60.05 and 34.58 %) whereas in T2 group, percentage of weak, moderate and intense was 38.5 %, 27.0 % and 34.4 % respectively. The per cent mean intensity of estrus behaviour in second estrus was weak to moderate (71.875 and 28.12) in T0, whereas in T1 group, intensity was largely weak to moderate (42.9 % and 41.3%) and intensity of cardinal signs of estrus in T2 was mostly moderate to intense in nature (31.9 % and 57.7%). It can be concluded that bull biostimulation of Sahiwal heifers through direct contact plus fenceline contact was more effective in increasing estrus behaviour intensity as compared to the only fenceline contact. Most prominent cardinal symptoms of estrus in biostimulated as well as non-biostimulated Sahiwal heifers were sniffing and licking, micturition, tail raising, allowing mounting attempts and chin resting.

The present study aimed to compare the growth rate, feeding behavior, reproductive development, and concentrations of GH and leptin in Sahiwal heifers exposed to direct bull contact, bull contact through a fenceline, or isolated from bulls. Overall, 24 heifers were allotted to three treatment groups (n = eight/group) based on birth weight, body weight, and age. Heifers from the non-exposed group (NBE) remained isolated from bulls; heifers stimulated by fenceline bull contact (FBE) remained continuously exposed to bulls through a fenceline, and heifers with direct bull contact (DBE+FBE) had direct contact with a bull during 6 h/day plus continuous fenceline bull exposure for the entire 24 h period. It was considered that heifers attained puberty when progesterone concentration was1 ng/mL. Biostimulated heifers achieved puberty at both a lower age and body weight (P0.05) than NBE heifers. Overall, average daily gain (g/day) was greater in DBE+FBE (516.3 ± 4.5) and FBE (501.6 ± 4.3) than in NBE (441.8 ± 2.9, respectively; P0.01). Leptin and growth hormone concentrations were significantly greater in FBE and DBE+FBE than NBE heifers. Both groups of biostimulated heifers devoted more time eating than NBE heifers, P0.05). In conclusion, biostimulation of Sahiwal heifers, either by exposing them to bulls through a fenceline or by both fenceline exposure and direct contact, reduced the age of puberty and increased growth performance. Overall, fenceline bull exposure can be recommended as an easy handling management to stimulate reproductive precocity and growth rate in heifers.

Background: In this modern era, chronic non communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major global health challenge with numerous grave complications on the human body. Old age population tends to carry risk of almost all kind of diseases including non communicable diseases. Hypertension is one of biggest well known risk factor for many of non-communicable diseases usually found in the outdoor patients. Method: This cross sectional study was undertaken to provide the data on the Prevalence & Pattern of hypertension amongst patients who were aged 60 years & above and who attended the Out Patients Department of the Rural Health & Training Centre of tertiary care hospital of Chandigarh city of India. Results: Majority of patients belonging to age group 60-69 years were found to be diastolic hypertensive (24.46%). Majority of male patients were found to be diastolic hypertensive (28.43%) (P< 0.05). More of less same trend was found among female patients. Conclusion: Hypertension was found to be highly prevalent among the outdoor elderly patients of Rural Health & Training Centre of Chandigarh, India. This study warrants the need of an early detection of hypertension, which can be accomplished by a periodic screening of the people. Keywords: Hypertension; Elderly; India.

A public key cryptosystem consists of a public key, which is used for encryption, and a private key, used for decryption. Therefore, anybody can encrypt plain-text since the encryption key is available to everyone, but only the holders of the private key corresponding to the public key used for encryption can decrypt the cipher -text. RSA is the most popular Asymmetric cryptosystem as it uses pair of keys, one of which is used to encrypt the data in such a way that it can only be decrypted with the other key. The keys are generated by a common process, but they cannot be feasibly generated from each other. The security of the RSA system is based on the assumption that factoring of large number is difficult. But if one could factor a large number into its prime factors then he could break the security. So a new algorithm is developed to increase the security of RSA called Dual Modulus RSA based on Jordan-Totient function (DMRJT). DMRJT algorithm is more secure as compared to RSA algorithm as it uses dual modulus based double encryption and decryption with the use of Jordan function. It is shown here that dual modules play an important role in increasing the complexity of decomposing them into its factors and Jordan function increase the size of the private key hence increases the security. DMRJT algorithm uses double encryption and decryption using double private and public keys to provide security against Brute-force attacks.

Background: Cancer related anemia (CRA) is a major healthcare issue among patients suffering with cancer. In the Indian context, these figures are likely to be higher due to the prevailing malnutrition and low socio-economic status in the general population. This observational hospital-based study has been conducted among cancer patients with following objectives to assess the socio demographic profile of different cancer patients admitted at hospital. To measure hemoglobin level among different cancer patients admitted at hospital on the basis of socio demographic profile and type of cancer.Methods: The registers maintained in the department of Radiotherapy were checked and those belonging to the year 2011-12 were used to process and analyse the cancer patient’s data in respect to age, type of cancer, hemoglobin level admitted in health care facility.Results: By far distribution of Hb level is concerned among all cancer patients, 87.56% patients were having Hb level more than 9 gm% and around 12.43 % patients were having Hb level less than 9 gm%. Majority of patients whose Hb level was less than 9gm% were belonging to age group more than 45 years.Conclusions: It is very much evident that anemia among cancer patients is a major healthcare problem and surely adds into morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. It may further aggravate the health condition of cancer patients if not corrected timely. Therefore, anemia among cancer patients should be taken and treated very seriously.

The study was conducted to determine effects of biostimulation of Sahiwal heifers through fenceline bull contact and fenceline combined with direct bull contact on oestrous behaviour when there was ovulation occurring in the absence of behavioural oestrus (“silent oestrus - SE) and overt behavioural oestrus (OBE). Prepubertal Sahiwal heifers were allotted to three treatments (T0, T1, T2, n = 8 heifers/treatment). In the T0 group, there was no bull exposure; in T1, exposure to a bull through fenceline contact for 24 h and in T2, exposure to a bull as in T1 along with direct bull contact with another bull for a 6 -h period daily. The oestrous behaviours were recorded on day (d) −3, −2 and −1 (prior to oestrus), d 0 (day of oestrus) and d +3, +2 and +1 (post-estrus). With both SE and OBE, the mean frequency of sniffing, micturition, chin resting and standing to be mounted differed (P

India being a tropical country faces high fly attack problem during summer season that adversely affects dairy animal health and performance. Fly attack may compromise animal welfare and cause monetary losses due to distress suffered by the animals, feeding disruptions and decreased milk production. Conventional insecticides are used for flies control, but safety alarms and buildup of insecticide resistance indicate the need for alternative control strategies. Thus, to deal with the issue of insecticide resistance many plant extracts and oils are being exploited which composed of bioactive compound that can exert different modes of action, averting resistance and these are Allium, Azadirachta, Cymbopogon, Eucalyptus, Pogostemon, Mentha, Ricinus. Use of non-host semiochemicals and kairomones baited on the traps are the other control methods that are also effective against the various fly species. Therefore, with the appropriate use of botanical extracts, oils, non-host semiochemicals and kairomones problem of various fly species can be controlled significantly without affecting overall welfare of dairy animals.

Malnutrition in hospitalized patient is increasingly being recognized as an important factor determining outcome of the disease. There is growing evidence that early and appropriate goal oriented nutritional support in the ill child aids recovery. Current nutritional management is based on a rapidly emerging knowledge of the special nutritional requirements related to the vastly different physiologic and metabolic characteristics of these patients. These children often present with significant metabolic derangements in protein and energy metabolism characterized by increased protein breakdown unsuppressed by protein or energy intake reprioritization of protein synthesis with increased synthesis of acute phase proteins decreased synthesis of structural proteins and increased turn over. In addition there is also glucose and lipid intolerance. Adequate nutritional and metabolic support of the critically ill child under these conditions is a daunting task. It involves an accurate calculation of caloric delivery with a precise mixture of carbohydrates proteins lipids and micronutrients which needs periodic review. The route of nutrient delivery also needs contemplation with increasing popularity of enteral feeding in this group. Emerging knowledge of the non-nutritional functions of nutrients has added another dimension to critical care nutritional support. (excerpt)

In the milk producing industry, most of the behavioural aspects of mother-offspring bond, relationships with the stockperson, impact of shifting of cows during lactation stage are discouraged although milk production is sustained with the demand but the behaviour of animals has been shown to play a central role indicating the low production rate and welfare issues from the point of feeding to formation of bond with its calf as well as stockperson. Dairy animals are highly socialized animals to engage in many complex interactions to communicate for dominance, subordination and bonding within the group to form linear social hierarchical structure in a herd. Feeding behavior is influenced by feed bunk, position of body; age/stage of animals, feeding interval and displacement of feed by high and low rank animals which has significant effect on DMI and milk production. Temperament is one of the important factors of milking behaviour in dairy animals which affects the milk yield of a herd. Sudden or excessive shifting of animals between groups or herds significantly lowers the production rate in a herd by increasing the physiological biomarkers. Good maternal behaviour is the key feature of production system which enhances the suckling instinct, fastened let down time of milk; maintain the lactation yield through lowering the stress and strong maternal-offspring bond. The stockpersonÂ’s attitudes always have an effect on the welfare of the animals by improving the handling and positive attitudes. Comfort around resting for welfare of animals can be achieved by monitoring the animalÂ’s behaviour in all aspects of rearing system and management to get the profitable and sustainable livestock production.

We present our single-center experience of rotational atherectomy (RA) in the first 1,000 consecutive patients divided arbitrarily into three different time periods corresponding to significant changes in technique or equipment for RA. Period I (August 1994 to April 1995; 172 cases) is characterized by early experience, longer ablation, and frequent use of intra-aortic balloon pump; period II (May 1995 to January 1996; 254 cases) is characterized by short ablation runs (20-30 sec) and use of rotaflush; period III (February 1996 to February 1997; 574 cases) is characterized by ReoPro use, neosynephrine boluses to avoid hypotension, and rota floppy wire and flexible shaft burrs. The procedural success rate has improved and complication rates have progressively declined over these three time periods. The incidence of lesion complexity (long and type C lesions) and patients with unstable rest angina have increased over these time periods of RA. Therefore, modification in procedural techniques and equipment over time have made RA a safe technique despite its use in very complex lesion subsets.

The present study was conducted to appraise the possibility of utilisation of lemon juice as a starter culture for the development of lemon juice fermented curd and optimize its level to be incorporated as starter culture for the preparation of curd. To select a lemon juice starter culture at its optimum desirable level, three different levels viz., 2.5, 5 and 7.5% along with control of commercial starter culture were used to prepare curd. Among different treatments, 5% level of lemon juice was adjudged optimum for the preparation of lemon juice fermented curd and imparted beneficial effects on sensory, physicochemical and microbiological properties of curd.

In this note we shall prove common fixed point theorems for four mappings under weak compatible condition in the setting of fuzzy metric space, fuzzy 2-metric space, and fuzzy 3-metric spaces. Our results generalize the results of Singh, Jain and Jain.

In this paper we prove common fixed point theorem under the condition of R-weak commutativity without taking any function continuous. We extend results of Sharma and Deshpande [33].

In this paper, we have explained the implementation of the channel guard algorithm which validates the newly added channels in the colorless reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer (ROADM) system before ramping up their power in the ROADM network to avoid the interference with the existing traffic-carrying channels.

Automatic channel power control loop is a dynamic scheme that continuously adjusts the variable gain elements and variable attenuation elements in an optical network to the changing network conditions. The firmware embedded in various modules continuously monitors the strength of the optical signals, adjusting the optical attenuator and amplifier gain in response to changing power and signal conditions within the network. This ability to monitor power levels ensures power equalization across all wavelengths and minimizes data bit errors.

Stent implantation has become the mainstay of percutaneous revascularization for most coronary lesions; in-stent restenosis (ISR) can occur in 6%-40% of stent procedures and the subsequent response to repeat intervention can possibly be predicted by the angiographic patterns of ISR. This study evaluated the incidence and predictors of angiographic patterns of ISR and its impact on subsequent target lesion revascularization (TLR) in 100 consecutive patients having Palmaz-Schatz ISR undergoing intervention. Diffuse ISR (>/=10 mm) was observed in 78% and focal ISR (>10 mm) in 22%. Diffuse vs. focal ISR occurred earlier after stent implantation and was more common in diabetics. Angiographic predictors of diffuse ISR were stent implantation for a restenotic lesion, long lesions, smaller vessel, stenting without debulking, and high-pressure balloon inflation (>16 atm). TLR after repeat intervention was 46% for diffuse and 14% for focal ISR (P < 0.02). Rotational atherectomy resulted in lower TLR (31%) vs. PTCA or restent (64%) in diffuse ISR (P < 0.004). Therefore, diffuse ISR is more common than focal ISR, usually occurs in the setting of aggressive intimal hyperplasia, and can be predicted by clinical and angiographic variables. Also, diffuse intimal hyperplasia within a stent responds poorly to PTCA and may benefit from a more aggressive debulking strategy such as rotational atherectomy. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 49:23-29, 2000.