Search

The importance of Physical Education (PE) is acknowledged worldwide. However, various countries have found many problems with regards to PE teaching and learning such as the existence of unknowledgeable and incompetent teachers. The purpose of this study is to determine the significant differences between trained and untrained PE teachers in relation to classroom management strategies (CMS) and teaching motivation (TM) by using independent t-test. Additionally, this study sought to examine the relationship between CMS and TM among trained and untrained PE teachers through correlation analysis. The samples of this study were 72 PE teachers in Southern Thailand (40 trained and 32 untrained PE teachers respectively). Questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection which comprises Classroom Management Strategies Questionnaire (CMSQ) and Autonomous Motivation for Teaching Questionnaire (AMTQ). The results evinced that trained PE teachers are better at CMS and TM compared to untrained PE teachers. It was also found that there is a positive relationship between CMS and TM for trained PE teachers. Meanwhile, there is no significant relationship between CMS and TM for untrained PE teachers. This study provides empirical evidence to confirm that teachers who teach physical education must be expert in the area. Moreover, proper CMS and teacher motivation should be enhanced concomitantly.

This study examined HIV vaccine acceptability among immigrant Thai residents in Los Angeles, California. We combined a qualitative research method (focus groups) with an innovative market research method (conjoint analysis). Focus groups explored social issues, concerns, barriers and motivators associated with HIV vaccine acceptability. Conjoint analysis was used to assess preferences among eight hypothetical HIV vaccines with varying attribute profiles and the impact of various attributes on acceptability. Five main themes were identified in the focus groups regarding acceptance and utilization of preventive HIV vaccines: (1) vaccine characteristics, such as efficacy, physical side-effects and cost, (2) fear of a vaccine, (3) vaccine acceptability and optimism, (4) social and family responses and (5) behavioral disinhibition. Conjoint analysis revealed HIV vaccine acceptability ranging from 7.4 (SD = 19.4) to 85.2 (SD = 24.3) across eight hypothetical vaccines. The vaccine with the highest acceptability had the following attributes: 99% efficacy, no side-effects, 10 years of protection, protects against one sub-type, free, one dose and given by injection. Vaccine efficacy had the greatest impact on acceptability (51.4, p=.005), followed by side-effects (11.1, p=.005) and duration of protection (8.3, p=.005). Despite some apprehensions and concerns, Thai residents perceived an HIV vaccine as making an important contribution to society and to protecting oneself and one's family from HIV infection. Nevertheless, acceptability of a partially efficacious vaccine may be low, suggesting the need for tailored social marketing interventions that might emphasize a collectivistic rather than an individualistic focus. Assessing HIV vaccine acceptability using a mixed-method approach is feasible with Thai residents and should lend itself to HIV vaccine research with other Asian Pacific Islander populations in the US.

Cases of fraudulent meat and dairy products have increased worldwide, especially in developing countries. To determine the misrepresented animal species, appropriate tools in routine monitoring should be available for food inspections. In the present work, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for species identification of products from ruminants including buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep was developed. The primer set KUMUT_cFarmSp1 was composed of five species-specific primers and a pair of positive-control primers. The primer set amplified 106-, 163-, 232-, and 308-bp specific fragments from the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of buffalo, cattle, goat, and sheep, respectively, and 370-bp positive-control fragment from 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA). The detection limit of this PCR assay is 0.1 ng of DNA template. The developed primer set exhibited strong specificity, sensitivity, robustness, and simplicity for food verification, thus indicating its usefulness for species verification in food quality control and law enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic overuse is one of the major prescription problems in rural China and a major risk factor for antibiotic resistance. Low antibiotic prescription rates can effectively reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. We hypothesized that under a paperless, computer-based feedback system the rates of antibiotic prescriptions among primary care physicians can be reduced. A cluster randomized crossover open controlled trial was conducted in 31 hospitals. These hospitals were randomly allocated to two groups to receive the intervention for three months followed by no intervention for three months in a random sequence. The feedback intervention information, which displayed the physicians' antibiotic prescription rates and ranking, was updated every 10 days. The primary outcome was the 10-day antibiotic prescription rate of the physicians. There were 82 physicians in group 1 (intervention first followed by control) and 81 in group 2 (control first followed by intervention). Baseline comparison showed no significant difference in antibiotic prescription rate between the two groups (30.8% vs 35.2%, P -value = 0.07). At the crossover point, the relative reduction in antibiotic prescription rate was significantly higher among physicians in the intervention group than in the control group (33.1% vs 20.3%, P -value < 0.001). After a further 3 months, the rate of decline in antibiotic prescriptions was also significantly greater in the intervention group compared to the control group (14.2% vs 4.6%, P -value < 0.001). The characteristics of physicians did not significantly determine the change in rate of antibiotic prescriptions. A computer network-based feedback intervention can significantly reduce the antibiotic prescription rates of primary care outpatient physicians and continuously affected their prescription behavior for up to six months. ChiCTR1900021823 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Aims: To determine the antiviral activities of Spirogyra spp. algal extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) and type 2 (HSV‐2). Methods and Results: Spirogyra spp. was extracted using water, ethanol and methanol. Aqueous extract of Spirogyra spp. had the lowest toxicity on Vero cells with the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) of 4363·30 μg ml−1. As for potent inhibitory effect, the ethanolic extract presented the highest inhibition of viral infection on HSV‐1 in the treatment during viral attachment on Vero cells with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and selective index (SI) values of 164·20 and 2·17 μg ml−1. However, the methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition of HSV‐2 when treated during viral attachment with IC50 and SI values of 75·03 and 3·34 μg ml−1. The methanolic extract of Spirogyra spp. also demonstrated significant virucidal effects on viral particles. Therefore, anti‐HSV activity at various stages of the viral multiplication cycle was shown. The main active compounds in the active fractions of Spirogyra spp. ethanolic extract against HSV were found to be alkaloids, essential oils and terpenoids. Conclusions: The highest anti‐HSV activity was obtained from the ethanolic extract of Spirogyra spp. The extract inhibited the HSV viral particles and the inhibition was during the viral attachment and the viral multiplication. Significance and Impact of the Study: Anti‐HSV activity of extract of freshwater green macroalga Spirogyra spp. in Thailand was demonstrated. Therefore, anti‐HSV product containing the Spirogyra spp. extract should be developed for treatment of HSV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Exsanguination is the most common leading cause of death in trauma patients. The massive transfusion (MT) protocol may influence therapeutic strategies and help provide blood components in timely manner. The assessment of blood consumption (ABC) score is a popular MT protocol but has low predictability. The lactate level is a good parameter to reflect poor tissue perfusion or shock states that can guide the management. This study aimed to modify the ABC scoring system by adding the lactate level for better prediction of MT.Methods: The data were retrospectively collected from 165 trauma patients following the trauma activated criteria at Songklanagarind Hospital from January 2014 to December 2014. The ABC scoring system was applied in all patients. The patients who had an ABC score ≥2 as the cut point for MT were defined as the ABC group. All patients who had a score ≥2 with a lactate level >4 mmol/dL were defined as the ABC plus lactate level (ABC + L) group. The prediction for the requirement of massive blood transfusion was compared between the ABC and ABC + L groups. The ability of ABC and ABC + L groups to predict MT was estimated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).Results: Among 165 patients, 15 patients (9%) required massive blood transfusion. There were no significant differences in age, gender, mechanism of injury or initial vital signs between the MT group and the non-MT group. The group that required MT had a higher Injury Severity Score and mortality. The sensitivity and specificity of the ABC scoring system in our institution were low (81%, 34%, AUC 0.573). The sensitivity and specificity were significantly better in the ABC + L group (92%, 42%, AUC = 0.745).Conclusion: The ABC scoring system plus lactate increased the sensitivity and specificity compared with the ABC scoring system alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioactive compounds of Raphanus sativus var. caudatus Alef and their respective cytotoxicity were identified from (a) 2 crude water and dichloromethane extracts and (b) 5 serially partitioned extracts using dichloromethane. Then, using a bioassay-guided cytotoxicity assay, the extracts were tested against the colon cancer cell line HCT116. Among 2 crude extracts and 5 fractions, the dichloromethane crude extract possessed the greatest in vitro cytotoxicity against HCT116. The dichloromethane crude extract was subjected to flash column liquid chromatography. Only 4 fractions and unfractionated extract were chosen for further analysis by high accuracy mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QToF-MS/MS). Six glucosinolates, 13 isothiocyanates, 5 indoles, 4 flavonoids, 2 alkaloids, 2 thiocyanates, 1 oxazolidine, and 1 dialkyl disulphide were identified. Two compounds were detected for the first time—isoalliin and butyl 1-(methylthio)propyl disulphide. Several constituents with anti-cancer activity were identified. This information could inform guidelines for quality control of standard plant extracts for further product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the nucleotide sequences of the hypervariable region III (HVRIII) of mitochondrial DNA in Thai individuals. Buccal swab samples were randomly obtained from 100 healthy, unrelated, adult (18-60 years old), volunteer donors living in Thailand. Eighteen different haplotypes were found, of which 11 haplotypes were unique. The most frequent haplotypes observed were 522D-523D. Nucleotide transition from Thymine (T) to Cytosine (C) at position 489 (43%) was the most frequent substitution. Nucleotide transversions were also observed at position 433 (Adenine (A) to C, 1%) and position 499 (Guanine (G) to C, 1%). Fifty-three samples presented nucleotide insertion and deletion of C and A (CA) at position 514-523. Insertion of 1AC (3%) and 2AC (2%) were observed. Deletion of 1CA (53%) and 2CA (2%) at position 514-523 were revealed. The deletion of T at position 459 was observed. The haplotype diversity, random match probability, and discrimination power were calculated to be 0.7770, 0.2308, and 0.7692, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of xylene removal from contaminated air by thirteen perennial plants was studied. The results showed that Bougainvillea buttiana had the highest xylene removal efficiency. Different parts of B. buttiana such as stems, epicuticular waxes, and plant stomata (including microorganism-associated plant leaves) can uptake xylene 53.1±1.9%, 32.3±0.9, and 14.6±0.0%, respectively. Metabolite products found in treated plants may result from stress or defense compounds triggered by exposure to xylene. Moreover, possible degradation products in B. buttiana stems were analyzed after treatment with xylene at 100 ppm. Various metabolites in B. buttiana stems such as 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid, 1-isopropyl-4-methylbenzene, p-tolualdehyde, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 3-methyl-2-butenal, dihydroxy acetone, propanedial, and many organic acids are related to the xylene degradation pathway. In addition, microorganism-associated B. buttiana leaves especially Enterobacter cloacae LSRC11, Staphylococcus sp. A1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa enhanced the plant resulting in quicker xylene removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Giant ventral hernia occurs after failure to achieve formal fascial closure after laparotomy. This condition needs further treatment for closure while the techniques very among institutes. Objective: This study aims to review the treatment and the results of giant ventral hernia closure after trauma laparotomy at Songklanagarind hospital where is a level 1 trauma center in Thailand. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all trauma patients who had giant ventral hernia closure between January 2007 and December 2014. The repair techniques, type of mesh and results were collected. Results: Forty-six patients underwent giant ventral hernia repair. The median age was 33 years. Ninety-one percent was mesh repair and 7% was tissue repair. Composite mesh was most commonly used (93%). The median follow-up time was 598 days (IQR 228 to 1356 days; longest, 2031 days). Surgical site infection occurred in 4 cases (9%) but only one needed surgical intervention for mesh infection. There was one recurrence (2%). Conclusions: Mesh repair is safe for giant ventral hernia closure. Serious mesh-related infection and recurrence were rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To examine the correlation between rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) and coagulopathy after major pediatric surgical operations. Methods From November 2013 until April 2015, pediatric cases who underwent major noncardiac surgeries and met the coagulopathy-risk criteria were reviewed for postoperative clinically significant coagulopathy (CSC). Two ROTEM studies, EXTEM and INTEM, were performed at the immediately postoperatively without the results being taken into any clinical decision making. Results Seventy-seven operations on 73 patients were included in this analysis. CSC occurred following 24 operations (32%) with a significantly higher incidence when a patient had a higher coagulopathy risk. On univariate analysis, evidence of diffuse bleeding in the operative field and massive bleeding were the 2 parameters with the strongest association with CSC. INTEM and EXTEM had specificities in diagnosing CSC of 75.5% and 94.3%, respectively. When each individual EXTEM and INTEM item was analyzed against CSC using ROC analysis, clot forming time (CFT) gave the largest under the curve area. The cut-off CFTs that gave the highest sensitivity and specificity in this study were 120 seconds for EXTEM and 100 seconds for INTEM. Conclusion Postoperative coagulopathy is a risk that should always be considered in pediatric surgical operations. Thromboelastometry can be a hemostatic test providing high predictive value for this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slow breathing training reduces resting blood pressure, probably by modifying central autonomic control, but evidence for this is lacking. The pressor response to static handgrip exercise is a measure of autonomic control and the aim of this study was to determine whether slow breathing training modulates the pressor responses to exercise of untrained muscles. Twenty hypertensive patients trained for 8 weeks, 10 with unloaded slow breathing (Unloaded) and 10 breathing against an inspiratory load of 20 cm H2O (Loaded). Ten subjects were untrained controls. Subjects performed a 2 min handgrip pressor test (30% MVC) pre- and post-training, and blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were measured before the contraction, at the end and following 2 min recovery. Resting systolic (sBP) and HR were reduced as a result of training, as reported previously. After training there was both a smaller pressor response to hand grip exercise and a more rapid recovery of sBP and HR compared to pre-training. There were no changes in the Controls and no differences between the Unloaded and Loaded groups. Combining the two training groups, the sBP response to handgrip exercise after training was reduced by 10 mm Hg (95% CI: -7, -13) and HR by 5 bpm (95% CI: -4, -6), all p<0.05. These results are consistent with slow breathing training modifying central mechanisms regulating cardiovascular function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The three southern border provinces of Thailand are prone to frequent terrorist attacks. A large number of ensuing deaths and disabilities are reported each year. There is a standard training program (Advanced Trauma Life Support, or ATLS) to prepare emergency room (ER) doctors to take care of patients with acute injuries. The objective of this study was to improve the standard of care provided by ER physicians using the ATLS training course. Methods: An ATLS training course was set in the southern part of Thailand to train ER physicians from the three southern border provinces. Results: Of the 32 participants (2 courses), 17 failed their pre-training examination but only 11 failed in the post-training examination. All participants passed the practical skills examination. Conclusion: This result suggested that ER doctors who are working in the three southern border provinces needed extra training to improve their management of trauma patients. The ATLS course can improve their abilities and confidence in the management of severe injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The treatment outcome of severe trauma victims can be improved by the early presence of the trauma team under leadership of an expert trauma surgeon in the emergency room. The criteria for trauma team activation was the presence of patients at risk or need critical care. This study aimed to evaluate a trauma team activation criteria after implementation at the Songklanagarind Hospital, a level I trauma center. Materials and Methods: Adult trauma patients (age ≥ 15 years) who directly came to Songklanagarind Hospital from January to December 2009 and met at least one of the trauma team activation criteria were enrolled. The criteria consisted of (I) penetrating injury to the chest or the abdomen, (II) systolic blood pressure ≤ 90 mmHg, (III) pulse rate > 120 beat per minute, (IV) respiratory rate <10 or > 30/min, (V) severe head injury (GCS score ≥ 8) and (VI) trauma arrest. Data were retrieved from the trauma registry and descriptive reports. Results: One hundred and fifty-three patients met inclusion criteria. The mean age was 33 ± 13 years. The majority of patients were male (85%) and the average ISS was 18. The most common criteria for activation was pulse rate > 120 bpm (37%). The activation occurred in 52 percent of patients who met the criteria and the surgeon presented at resuscitation room in 75 percent. The procedures which commonly performed in the ER were endotracheal intubation and central venous catheterization (43%). Fifty-seven patients (37%) received emergency operation and the most common operation was exploratory laparotomy (23%). Rate of emergency operation was high in patients presented with hypotension (61%) followed by penetrating torso injury (48%). The mortality rate was high in severe head injury patients (43%). All patients who present with cardiac arrest died. The average length of hospital stay was 14 days. One hundred and two patients (67%) survived until discharge. Conclusions: The majority of severely trauma patients who met the trauma team activation criteria survived until discharge. The activation occurred in about half of them and the surgeon can present in the emergency department in the majority of cases at our hospital In 2004 the authers organized a regional health care system to develop pre-hospital health care system. Rate of emergency operation was high in patients presented with hypotension or penetrating torso injury. Trauma arrest and severe head injury patients had high mortality rate. Good compliance with the criteria may translate to improved outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We propose a new system for image recorder server from IP camera. The system consists of 2 parts, Server and viewer. Server is software running on PC with ability to capture image from IP camera and save to disk like an image server. The second part is the viewer. A user be able to monitor and view the saved image on the server via a web-based application from everywhere with password protection. Live and history image can be show to user to check the status of area or investigate the history event. Further more. The server can connect to IP camera to collect image or connect a web cam directly to the server for cost reduction. Finally, the user can view the image by using browser on the PC or Windows mobile phone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Question: Can adding an inspiratory load enhance the antihypertensive effects of slow breathing training performed at home? Design: Randomised trial with concealed allocation. Participants: Thirty patients with essential hypertension Stage I or II. Intervention: Experimental groups performed slow deep breathing at home, either unloaded or breathing against a load of 20 cmH2O using a threshold-loaded breathing device. Participants trained for 30 min, twice daily for 8 weeks. A control group continued with normal activities. Outcome measures: Resting blood pressure and heart rate were measured at home and in the laboratory before and after the training period. Results: Compared to the control group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly with unloaded breathing by means of 7.0 mmHg (95% CI 5.5 to 8.5) and 13.5 mmHg (95% CI 11.3 to 15.7), respectively (laboratory measures). With loaded breathing, the reductions were greater at 18.8 mmHg (95% CI 16.1 to 21.5) and 8.6 mmHg (95% CI 6.8 to 10.4), respectively. The improvement in systolic blood pressure was 5.3 mmHg (95% CI 1.0 to 9.6) greater than with unloaded breathing. Heart rate declined by 8 beats/min (95% CI 6.5 to 10.3) with unloaded breathing, and 9 beats/min (95% CI 5.6 to 12.2) with loaded breathing. Very similar measures of blood pressure and heart rate were obtained by the patients at home. Conclusion: Home-based training with a simple device is well tolerated by patients and produces clinically valuable reductions in blood pressure. Adding an inspiratory load of 20 cmH2O enhanced the decrease in systolic blood pressure. Trial registration: NCT007919689. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lower extremities arterial injury lead to high morbidity. The number of patients with lower vascular injury is still high especially in southern of Thailand. We have fewer reports about these and limbsalvage surgery is not suitable for all patients. Objective: This study aims to clarify the success rate of limb salvage surgery in patients with lower extremities arterial injury, associated factors and outcomes. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study of lower extremities arterial injury patients that received treatment in Prince of Songkla University from 2013-2017. Patients were classified into limb salvageable group and amputation group. Demographics, comorbidities, injury, operative data and complications were collected. Comparisons of limb salvageable and associated factors were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors that may be associated with amputation. Results: 93 patients, 59 (63%) patients were successful in limb salvage surgery. The common site of injury was popliteal artery (49%) and Superficial femoral artery (16%) respectively. We found significant associated factors to limb salvageable such as blunt mechanism (limb salvageable group, 50.8%; amputation group, 76.47% P = 0.01), multiple injuries (limb salvageable group, 15.25%; amputation group, 35.29% P = 0.04), complex fractures (limb salvageable group, 39.13%; amputation group, 15.63% P = 0.02) and smoking (limb salvageable group, 39.13%; amputation group, 15.3% P = 0.04). After multivariate analysis, blunt mechanism injury is only the predictive factor for amputation (OR, 5.2; 95% CI 1.40-19.06; P = 0.01). The common complications were surgical site infection (limb salvageable group, 20.34%; amputation group, 35.29% P = 0.142) and fail to perform skin closure of fasciotomy wound (limb salvageable group, 39.13%; amputation group, 15.63% P = 0.02). Conclusion: Most patients with lower extremities vascular injury were successful in limb salvage surgery. However, our study found a higher amputation rate compared with previous studies. Limb salvageable was associated with blunt mechanism, multiple injuries, smoking and complex fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]