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2. Inter- and intra-speaker variation in Liverpool English : a sociophonetic study

Author

Sangster, Catherine M. and Coleman, John

Subjects
417, English language, Dialects, Spoken English, England, Liverpool, Case studies
Abstract

This thesis presents experiments and interviews which investigate pronunciation variation in the Liverpool accents of young speakers. Experiment One investigates inter-speaker variation, Experiment Two investigates intra-speaker variation, and Experiment Three investigates both inter- and intra-speaker variation. These three experiments are conducted from a sociophonetic perspective, with controlled elicitation of natural speech and acoustic analysis of speech data. The experimental investigations are complemented by interviews, which incorporate the perceptions and opinions of speakers of Liverpool English into the study. The study makes several contributions to the field of sociolinguistic research. It provides a new examination of Liverpool English. Experiment One is specifically designed to explore one of its most complex and ill-defined phonetic features, the realisation of plosives as affricates or fricatives. In addition to this phonetic investigation, Experiment One also examines sociolinguistic variation in this feature, and shows that speakers' individual attributes (such as their social networks and their plans for the future) are as relevant to variation as their socio-economic status. The study also makes important methodological contributions. Instrumental phonetic techniques and standards are successfully applied to sociolinguistic investigation conducted in the field. An interdisciplinary approach, bringing together qualitative interviews and sociophonetic experiments, is adopted. A new quiz-questionnaire technique for data collection, which should prove useful for many kinds of future sociolinguistic research, is developed for Experiment Three. Finally, Experiment Three tests many accounts and models of intra-speaker variation. Speakers are shown to vary their pronunciation as the speech situation varies, but not all the seven phonetic variables investigated show the same patterns of variation. Speakers vary their pronunciation according to audience, and also according to topic. Speakers with a high level of ambition vary their pronunciation of certain phonetic variables more than those with a lower level of ambition, and female speakers vary their pronunciation more than male speakers.

Published
2002

7. Inter- and intra-speaker variation in Liverpool English

Author

Sangster, C, Sangster., Catherine M., and Coleman, J

Subjects
English language, Dialects, England, Spoken English, Case studies, Liverpool
Abstract

This thesis presents experiments and interviews which investigate pronunciation variation in the Liverpool accents of young speakers. Experiment One investigates inter-speaker variation, Experiment Two investigates intra-speaker variation, and Experiment Three investigates both inter- and intra-speaker variation. These three experiments are conducted from a sociophonetic perspective, with controlled elicitation of natural speech and acoustic analysis of speech data. The experimental investigations are complemented by interviews, which incorporate the perceptions and opinions of speakers of Liverpool English into the study. The study makes several contributions to the field of sociolinguistic research. It provides a new examination of Liverpool English. Experiment One is specifically designed to explore one of its most complex and ill-defined phonetic features, the realisation of plosives as affricates or fricatives. In addition to this phonetic investigation, Experiment One also examines sociolinguistic variation in this feature, and shows that speakers' individual attributes (such as their social networks and their plans for the future) are as relevant to variation as their socio-economic status. The study also makes important methodological contributions. Instrumental phonetic techniques and standards are successfully applied to sociolinguistic investigation conducted in the field. An interdisciplinary approach, bringing together qualitative interviews and sociophonetic experiments, is adopted. A new quiz-questionnaire technique for data collection, which should prove useful for many kinds of future sociolinguistic research, is developed for Experiment Three. Finally, Experiment Three tests many accounts and models of intra-speaker variation. Speakers are shown to vary their pronunciation as the speech situation varies, but not all the seven phonetic variables investigated show the same patterns of variation. Speakers vary their pronunciation according to audience, and also according to topic. Speakers with a high level of ambition vary their pronunciation of certain phonetic variables more than those with a lower level of ambition, and female speakers vary their pronunciation more than male speakers.

Published
2016

8. The effect of expertise on phase transitions and critical fluctuations during interpersonal coordination in rowing.

Author

Eaves, Daniel, Sangster, Catherine, Spears, Iain, Eaves, Daniel, Sangster, Catherine, and Spears, Iain

Abstract

The visual-spatial aspects of movement have been proposed to dominate inter-limb stability over constraints inherent in the motor system (see Mechsner, et al., 2001). The underlying principles of within-person bimanual movements are also evident during interpersonal coordination (Schmidt et al., 1990). In both studies coordination was an emergent, rather than an enduring property of the visual display. The impact of perceptual familiarity on the stability of interpersonal coordination is little understood within this context. The present study’s aim was to explore the effects of expertise on coordination stability in a dual-person rowing task. Expert (n = 5) and inexperienced (n = 5) participants used a rowing ergometer positioned behind an expert lead rower on a second ergometer. Phasing between the two seat positions was examined continuously across incremental speeds to exhaustion under two phase modes: a typically synchronous rowing pattern and an asynchronous pattern that required the seat movements of the standard rowing pattern to be out of phase by 180 degrees. Correlation analyses between positional data sets for the two rowers revealed experts spontaneously switched from the asynchronous mode to the well-practiced and therefore dominant synchronous mode. This occured at a critical frequency associated with routine training intensity. These transitions did not occur when experts rowed under the more stable synchronous mode. In contrast, inexperienced rowers did not exhibit switching under either condition, wherein coordination remained relatively stable across incremental frequencies. The visual-spatial characteristics of movement and moreover, the level of familiarity with these perceptual attributes influences the stability of interpersonal coordination in rowing.

Published
2009

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