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Seoi-nage is a representative technique frequently used in judo. Therefore, it is essential to identify how seoi-nage force characteristics change under various conditions. This study aimed to determine the differences in the force characteristics at different performance heights of elite male judo athletes. Twenty elite male judo athletes participated in the study. They were asked to perform seoi-nage at different heights (80 cm and 60 cm) using a rubber band as a practice situation. Data were collected by a force-measurement device with a rubber band connected to the device. The time variables, force value magnitude, force value rate, and force value angle in the vertical/horizontal planes were calculated and compared at 80 cm and 60 cm. There were significant differences in the force magnitude and the force vector vertical angle at 80 cm and 60 cm (p

Additives have been known to play an important role for improving the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells. However, the reasons why additives improve the performance have not been clearly known yet. We employed an electrical modulated optical spectroscopy to investigate the relationship between the photovoltaic performance and additive concentration in organic photovoltaic devices. Our measured modulation spectra of a sample without additive showed both first- (-α’) and second-derivative (α”) components of the absorption spectrum. The second-derivative (α”) component in the modulation spectrum increased with the additive concentration. These results indicate that the sample without additive contains both localized (or Frenkel type) and relatively delocalized excitons and the added additive results in a significant increase of the relatively delocalized excitons. We conclude that the increased delocalized excitons lead to a significant additive-induced improvement of the photovoltaic-device performance.

Advancement in wearable healthcare technology allows a digital revolution in healthcare that is intended to extend life length and improve life quality. Until now, numerous efforts for wearable device-mediated healthcare systems have been focused on achieving accurate monitoring and robust operation by developing cutting-edge biosensors rather than by optimizing the placement position of well-established biosensors. Much therefore still remains unclear about the optimal position involved in biosensor placement. This leads to the need for systematic optimization of biosensor placement position. Here, the placement positions of 2 biosensor arrays (i.e., ECG-TC array and PPG-TC array) are optimized to achieve high-accuracy measurement and high-robustness operation in monitoring both body temperature and heart rate, which are commonly measured as core vital signs in wearable healthcare systems. The ECG-TC array is composed of an electrocardiography (ECG) sensor (for heart rate measurement) and a thermocouple (TC) sensor (for body temperature measurement) while the PPG-TC array consists of a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor and a TC sensor. 34 major parts in the human body are scored in terms of monitoring accuracy (MA) and operational robustness (OR), which results in the MA index and OR index. Next, the body part having the maximum value, calculated as the product of two indices, is determined as the optimal placement position. The MA index is calculated from the signal magnitude of each biosensor and the OR index is assessed by quantifying the user accessibility, skin extensibility, and perspiration weight of each body part. Our study shows that the ECG-TC array needs to be placed on armpit, chest, and back thigh and the PPG-TC array on thumb, finger, and ear. This means the optimal placement position of biosensor-based wearable healthcare systems is affected by a combination of different biosensors. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to better understanding of biosensors and lead to further improvement in wearable healthcare devices.

For polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a formation of interconnected pores and an addition of Silwet L-77 are, respectively, made as physical treatment and chemical one to change the material properties involved in the water permeable flow through PDMS. Here, we investigate a change in the water permeable flow through PDMS induced by physicochemical treatment. 28 kinds of physicochemically treated PDMS (pc-PDMS) blocks having different pore sizes of 50–500 µm and different Silwet L-77 concentrations of 0.0–8.0 wt% are prepared using a pressure-assisted compaction and NaCl particle-leaching technique. The values of mass flow rate and flow delay are obtained from pressure-driven water flow through pc-PDMS blocks as indexes for characterizing their water permeable flow. Our physicochemical treatment successfully controls the water permeable flow through PDMS, which means that pc-PDMS can be used for the development of powerless microfluidic regulators for aqueous chemicals in micro-total analysis systems (µ-TAS).

Foreign bodies in the nasal cavity are rarely seen in adults, and most cases are traumatic in origin. Multiple foreign bodies in adults are particularly rare. Foreign bodies induce pain, bleeding, and infection but are easily removed in most cases. A patient presented with multiple toothpick foreign bodies in the nasal cavity, which were introduced intentionally through an oroantral fistula. We report an adult case with 37 toothpicks in the nasal cavity, which were removed successfully with a nasal endoscope. Oroantral fistula closure was achieved through oral surgery. Voluntary insertion of foreign bodies into the body by patients with mental illnesses is relatively difficult to identify. Evaluating and managing the psychiatric problems of such patients during treatment planning are necessary.

Recently, as there has been increasing interest in augmented reality, relevant technologies are being developed in many fields. With the advance of camera-based technologies for augmented reality, new services are emerging. In this paper, we propose a new framework of augmented reality service application that multiple users can experience various contents respectively in the single space. To implement the proposed framework, we consider the structure which can share the view and data; such as device location, interaction and so on. This structure performs the following functions. In order to detect camera locations, we use the rear-facing camera of the device to estimate the position and pose. Estimated location information of all clients is sent to the server. The server synchronizes the location and interaction information of client based on point cloud map and broadcasts it to all clients. Using this information, users experience multiple contents interacting with other users in a single space while looking at the screen of the device. To demonstrate our framework, we build the AR service called “Winter Village” and show the performance of our framework.

Recently, a number of techniques to ensure the free walking for the visually impaired and transportation vulnerable have been studied. As a device for free walking, there are such as a smart cane and smart glasses to use the computer vision, ultrasonic sensor, acceleration sensor technology. In a typical technique, such as techniques for finds object and detect obstacles and walking area and recognizes the symbol information for notice environment information. In this paper, we studied recognization algorithm of the selected symbols that are required to visually impaired, with the deep learning algorithm. As a results, Use CNN(Convolutional Nueral Network) technique used in the field of deep-learning image processing, and analyzed by comparing through experimentation with various deep learning architectures.

A series of small compound materials based on benzodithiophene (BDT) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) with three different alkyl side chains were synthesized and used for organic photovoltaics. These small compounds had different alkyl branches (i.e., 2-ethylhexyl (EH), 2-butyloctyl (BO), and 2-hexyldecyl (HD)) attached to DPP units. Thin films made of these compounds were characterized and their solar cell parameters were measured in order to systematically analyze influences of the different side chains of compounds on the film microstructure, molecular packing, and hence, charge-transport and recombination properties. The relatively shorter side chains in the small molecules enabled more ordered packing structures with higher crystallinities, which resulted in higher carrier mobilities and less recombination factors; the small molecule with the EH branches exhibited the best semiconducting properties with a power conversion efficiency of up to 5.54% in solar cell devices. Our study suggested that tuning the alkyl chain length of semiconducting molecules is a powerful strategy for achieving high performance of organic photovoltaics.

Two conjugated polymers based on dithienophosphole oxide, PBDT-O-DTPO and PBDT-T-DTPO, were synthesized. Two polymers were fairly soluble in chlorinated solvents, which is enough for device fabrication. According to the UV–vis spectra of films, PBDT-O-DTPO and PBDT-T-DTPO showed absorption onsets of 656 and 675 nm, correspond to optical band gaps of 1.89 and 1.84 eV, respectively. As the results, two polymers exhibited promising photovoltaic properties with power conversion efficiency (PCE) values of 2.23 and 2.53%, respectively, upon blending with PC71BM under AM 1.5 G illumination.

Many television shows have been produced that synthesize virtual objects or make use of interactions between cast members and virtual objects. Recently, many attempts have been made to apply augmented reality (AR) technology to the production of interactive broadcast content using virtual objects and special effects, even during a live broadcast. In this study, we present ARStudio, an AR-based broadcasting system that can transmit virtual objects by synthesizing them in real time to the 3D structure of the broadcast set space recognized by multiple cameras. Also, we introduce a new calibration method that can easily and quickly merge multiple broadcast cameras and RGB-D cameras into one coordinate system. Additionally, we built a spatial editing and control tool for traditional broadcast producers to help them easily implement AR broadcasting. We applied the proposed system to a real broadcasting production environment by working with a Korean national broadcasting company, EBS, and demonstrated its functionality through a public TV network.

Two novel polymers containing triple bonds in the backbone with different conjugation types (acceptor–acceptor and acceptor–donor structures) were synthesized and investigated for their crosslinking characteristics under UV irradiation. The crosslink formation was proven via UV-vis and IR spectroscopy, and it was found that the crosslinked polymers have solvent resistance properties during subsequent solvent washing with a similar solvent for the active layer. The two triple bond polymers were used as buffer layer materials to modify the interface properties of electron-selective ZnO in inverted PSCs via a spin-coating process. The effects of the buffer layer on the surface of the ZnO were studied via atomic force microscopy and contact angle measurements. The increased hydrophobic nature of the ZnO surface resulted in better contact with the active layer, and led to an improvement in the performance of the photovoltaic devices with increased fill factor (FF).

We investigated temperature-dependent optical properties of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbIalt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;: CHalt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;NHalt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;PbIalt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;) and bromide (MAPbBralt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;: CHalt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;NHalt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;PbBralt;subagt;3alt;/subagt;) single crystals using optical spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. We obtained the optical conductivity from measured reflectance spectra of the single crystals at various temperatures using a Kramers-Kronig (KK) relation and measured their PL spectra at selected temperatures. We observed structural phase transitions and a mixed-structure phase from the infrared-active phonon modes in the measured optical data. In the mixed phase we observed unsystematic temperature-dependent bandgap behavior in both optical and PL spectra. The unsystematic bandgap behavior can be understood by taking into account both the contributions of thermal effect and structural phase to the size of bandgap in the temperature region of the mixed structural phase or the structural phase transition. Interestingly we also observed quantitative differences in those optical and PL properties between thin film and single crystal samples. We expect that our results will supply helpful information for further development of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells.

The muscular tinnitus due to an extrinsic auricular myoclonus is an extremely rare disorder which demonstrates a semirhythmic involuntary movement of the ear. We report a 33-year-old man with clicking tinnitus caused by focal myoclonic jerks of bilateral posterior auricularis muscle and bilateral temporalis muscle. This muscular tinnitus persisted except for when he was sleeping or breath holding. His symptom responded poorly to medical therapy but was controlled by botulinum toxin type A injection under electromyography monitoring with favorable outcome. Previous reports of this condition and possible therapeutic approaches are discussed.

The extent of inferior displacement of the mastoid tegmen is related to the severity of congenital aural atresia (CAA).To analyze anatomic variations observed on high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography (TBCT) in patients with CAA, the extent of inferior displacement of the mastoid tegmen and the size of the incudo-stapedial (IS) joint angle were compared with surgical parameters for atresiaplasty, such as Jahrsdoerfer score and hearing acuity.Sixty-one patients with unilateral CAA underwent high-resolution TBCT and hearing tests. We evaluated TBCTs in terms of Jahrsdoerfer criteria and analyzed the relationships among the inferior displacement of the mastoid tegmen, size of the IS joint angle, hearing acuity, and the Jahrsdoerfer score on the atretic side.IS joint angle on the atretic side was found to be 120.6 ± 11°, which was significantly greater than the corresponding value of 103.4 ± 5.4° on the normal side. Cholesteatoma occurred significantly more often in CAA patients with narrow external auditory canals (EACs) (9/27; 33.3%), compared with CAA patients with no EAC opening (2/34; 5.9%). There was a significant relation between the extent of inferior displacement of the mastoid tegmen (28.9% in the atretic side and 17.3% in the normal side) and the Jahrsdoerfer score (p0.0001).

Post-treatment processes improve the performance of organic photovoltaic devices by changing the microscopic morphology and configuration of the vertical phase separation in the active layer. Thermal annealing and solvent vapor (or chemical) treatment processes have been extensively used to improve the performance of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. In this work we introduce a new post-treatment process which we apply only electrical voltage to the BHJ-OPV devices. We used the commercially available P3HT [Poly(3-hexylthiophene)] and PC61BM (Phenyl-C61-Butyric acid Methyl ester) photovoltaic materials as donor and acceptor, respectively. We monitored the voltage and current applied to the device to check for when the post-treatment process had been completed. This electrical treatment process is simpler and faster than other post-treatment methods, and the performance of the electrically treated solar cell is comparable to that of a reference (thermally annealed) device. Our results indicate that the proposed treatment process can be used efficiently to fabricate high-performance BHJ-OPV devices.

Stroke is the leading cause of long term adult disability in United States and impaired walking function is a common neurological deficit following stroke. Even after extensive inpatient and outpatient therapy only 60% of stroke survivors are able to walk independently. Furthermore, many continue to

Solution-processed organic solar cells are promising owing to their light weight, ease of processability, low cost, flexibility, and large-area fabrication. Particularly, small-molecule active materials have been recently developed using straightforward synthesizing methods, exhibiting the least batch-to-batch variation in physical and optoelectronic properties and highly reproducible efficiency. A series of 2D-BDT-based active materials with various numbers of benzodithiophene (BDT) units and how the number of 2D-BDT units influences the construction of a well-defined interconnected structure are reported. The systematically controlled morphology of the 2D-BDT material helps achieve a high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.56% and a high fill factor of 0.73 without the use of additives. The reduced charge recombination and well-constructed morphology of this material facilitate a PCE of 7.45% in a 77.8 cm2 rigid module, which is the outstanding performance in large-area modules.

Estimation of human head position and orientation has become an increasingly important issue in human-computer interaction field. Over the last decade, many approaches have been introduced to achieve head pose estimation in both academical and industrial fields, but the low-cost and real-time application still proves to be a difficult task. Motivated by the past researches, we propose an automatic and monocular head pose estimation system. We applied a number of improvements to a direct linear transformation algorithm called Pose from Orthography and Scaling with ITerations (POSIT) and applied it for the head pose estimation. User's virtual head model is also recovered by analyzing laser scan database and corrected by the head pose. The entire process is completely automatic with no need for users to pre-register for identification or initialize their head position. Experiments on a public dataset show realtime performance with lower errors than previous head pose estimation methods.

Since 3D data has additional depth information than 2D image, it can be used various researches and applications such as robot vision, car navigation and human computer interaction. Especially, 3D face recognition is robust against facial pose and light variation since it can use 3D face shape information such as facial profile, curvature and depth map. However, it is difficult to acquire 3D face data in real-time since conventional 3D data acquisition systems like laser scanner or structured light system are very slow for the data capturing. Recently, Time-of-Flight (ToF) camera provides full range distance data at high framerates and thus comes into the spotlight as an alternative to conventional 3D acquisition systems. ToF camera provides both distance images and gray-scale images simultaneously in realtime. However, it has drawbacks which are low resolution and gray-scale image, not color image. In this paper, a registration method of color and ToF cameras is presented to find precise corresponding color pixel information with range distance data from ToF camera.