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Background: Surgical treatment is considered the best approach by many researchers for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ). While postoperative outcomes are mainly favorable, wound healing still fails in some cases. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the postoperative healing of MRONJ. Methods: This study involved 400 osteoporosis patients who received surgical treatment from January 2009 to January 2018 in Kyungpook National University Hospital. The patient, drug, and clinical factors were collected as investigation variables. The obtained data were statistically analyzed to identify relationships between the factors and healing aspect. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the route of drug administration, bone exposure, types of surgical management, and wound management had a significant influence (p &lt, 0.05) on the healing outcome. Sequestrectomy with primary closure had a more positive effect on favorable healing. In the multivariate logistic regression test, the effect of wound management alone was not statistically significant (p &gt, 0.05). Conclusion: In patients with osteoporosis, the factors such as intravenously administered drugs, fistulas that were probed to the bone, and surgical management with curettage were associated with a lower rate of postoperative complete healing of MRONJ, whereas primary closure of wounds led, possibly, to good healing outcomes. The strengths of the study include its relatively large sample size and that its results can hopefully aid in the clinical decisions for practitioners and future research studies for researchers.

Recently, many micro-mobility-supporting protocols have been suggested, such as the regional registration protocol and Cellular IP. In these protocols, mobility is mainly managed by the mobile node itself when it moves within an access node. However, these protocols often have a long registration delay based on variations in the advertisement message broadcasting period and registration message transmission period. Furthermore, various problems, including radio resource wastage and an increased network load, can also occur with these protocols. Accordingly, the current paper proposes the ANMM (Access Network Mobility Management) protocol as an improved and efficient protocol for supporting micro-mobility in an access network. To realize the ANMM protocol, an effective adaptation method is proposed for link-layer handoff information along with a tunneling scheme between an access node and the gateway in an access network. As such, the ANMM protocol is able to reduce the registration delay, signaling overhead, and radio resource wastage.

Malignant carcinoma involving the sinonasal cavity is a rare tumor that is usually diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is relative common, originating from the salivary glands of the oral cavity, pharynx and lacrimal glands. But mucoepidermoid carcinoma of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and respiratory tract is very rare. In particular, 38 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma occurring in the primary sinonasal tract were reported in the English literature, but only one case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma arising from the nasal cavity has been previous reported to date in the Korean literature. Recently, we experienced a 51-year-old man presenting with progressive nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis. He was diagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma extending into the inferior turbinate in the nasal cavity and it was excised with nasal endoscope. We present the clinical characteristics and therapeutic methods of this case with a review of the literature.