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Nanosized SiC was synthesized by solid state method using silicon and carbon powders followed by non-transferred arc thermal plasma processing. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that activated carbon has highest reactivity while graphite has lowest activity in the crystallization of SiC through solid state method. The reactivity was dependent on surface area of carbon source and activated carbon with highest surface area (590.18 m 2 g −1 ) showed highest reactivity, whereas graphite with least surface area (15.69 m 2 g −1 ) showed lowest reactivity. The free silicon content was decreased with increasing reaction time as well as carbon mole ratio. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study showed that the shape and size of synthesized SiC depends on the shape and size of carbon source. SiC nanoparticles within 500 nm were formed for carbon black while bigger particles (∼5 μm) were formed for activated carbon and graphite. Plasma processing of these solid–solid synthesized SiC resulted into the formation of well dispersed, ultrafine SiC nanoparticles (30–40 nm) without any structural modification. Thermal plasma processing resulted into the increase in crystallite size of SiC.

A thermal plasma system was used for the preparation of nanosized SiC powder. First SiC was synthesized by solid-state reaction using waste silicon and activated carbon powders and then plasma processing was carried out to form nanosized SiC. Phase and structural analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction which confirmed the formation of SiC in both cases. Plasma treatment did not show any kind of change in structure and phase of SiC; except little free silicon. Morphological investigation showed the formation of 20–30 nm spherical SiC particles after plasma treatment which was initially 1–5 μm. It was found that DC current played an important role in the reduction of particle size. It was proposed that nanosized SiC was formed due to the dissociation of grains from their grain boundary due to strong plasma gas stream.

In this paper, we proposed the architecture of the Hybrid Quadrature Polar transmitter which has the wideband characteristics available for the SRD(Short Range Device). First, we developed the simulation environment and carried out performance degradation analysis. Second, we considered the slewrate of the VVA(Voltage Variable Attenuator), time delay between magnitude signal and phase signal and the number of bits for DAC(Digital-to-Analog Converter) as the main performance factors. Then we obtained the minimum required values to meet the transmitting performance requirements of 3GPP standards through simulation results. Based on these results, we implemented the Wideband Hybrid Quadrature Polar transmitter platform and varified the performance requirements through practical measurement.

Background: Metabolic profile was initially designed as a presymptomatic diagnostic aid based on statistical analyses of blood metabolites to provide an early warning of certain types of metabolic disorder. However, there is little metabolic profile data available about Korean Hanwoo cows. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the reference intervals of metabolic profile for Korean Hanwoo cows. Methods: Healthy animals (2,205) were selected and divided into early (day 1 to 95), middle (day 96 to 190) and late (day 191 to 285) period according to their gestating period. Metabolic profile including total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), urea (UREA), glucose (Glu), total cholesterol (T-Cho), long-chain fatty acid (LCFA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatinine (Crea), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorous (iP) and magnesium (Mg) were analyzed using a TBA-40FR automatic biochemical analyzer. The data of Korean Hanwoo cows were then compared to those of the Japanese Wagyu cows. Results: Most of the data of the Korean Hanwoo cows were relatively higher than those of Japanese Wagyu cows, with the exception of Glu and GGT. This may indicate that the nutritional level of feed for the Korean Hanwoo cows was higher than that of the Japanese Wagyu cows because of the different feeding system. In particular, relatively higher levels of UREA and LCFA were observed in the Korean Hanwoo cows, and this may also contribute to the low reproduction efficiency. Conclusions: These findings may provide some theoretical basis for understanding the reproductive and feeding situation of Korean Hanwoo cows.