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Wearable wireless gas sensors have attracted enormous interest due to precise, real‐time healthcare and environmental monitoring without temporal and spatial limitations. Among various toxic gases, detecting ammonia is crucial because of its highly hazardous nature and applicability as a noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing health conditions. In this study, silver nanowires‐decorated silicon nanomembrane (AgNW‐SiNM) chemiresistive gas sensor with high selectivity to ammonia is fully integrated with an ultrathin flexible Joule heater and wireless communication system to fabricate wearable wireless real‐time toxic gas monitoring system. The sensor exhibits improved performance to ammonia gas, attributed to heating‐induced changes in adsorption/desorption rates, along with electronic and chemical sensitization facilitated by AgNW decoration. The gas sensing system exhibits stable and high responses of ≈1.83, 1.47, and 1.19 on the ammonia exposure at concentrations of 10, 5, and 1 ppm even under mechanical deformations. The real‐time dynamic response of the sensor is wirelessly transmitted to portable electronics and displayed on the screen. Moreover, the system alerts the users in advance through the integrated haptic interface when exposed to dangerous gas environments for early evacuation. The system paves the way for timely warnings from hazardous gas and more accurate noninvasive medical diagnosis related to respiratory disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heilongjiang is the largest province with the small, cultivated fruit plant, blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.), in China (Sun et al. 2024). Between September 2022 and September 2023, a leaf spot disease was observed on about 10 percent of blue honeysuckles of the 'Lanjingling' cultivar grown in a 6.66-ha field in Mudanjiang (129.38°E, 44.59°N), Heilongjiang Province, China. The typical symptoms include a few small brown sunken leaf spots (approximately 2 mm) in the fruiting stage that gradually expand into larger brown sunken lesions (approximately 10 mm) in the senescence stage (Fig. S1). Small 3-4-mm segments of infected tissue from 100 randomly selected leaf samples with typical symptoms were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol and 5% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed in sterile distilled water, and transferred to 9-cm Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) after drying. Finally, 10 isolated fungi were obtained through single-spore culture on PDA, and their conidia displayed a morphology consistent with Fusarium spp. (Zheng et al. 2023), and no other fungi were isolated. The fungal colonies on PDA were pink to dark red with fluffy aerial mycelium and pigmentation (Fig. S2). Microconidia were not observed, and the macroconidia of fungi had 2 to 6 septa, which were slender, sickle-shaped to nearly curved, with an average size of 38.83 (21.30 to 55.20) × 3.87 (2.70 to 6.60) μm (n = 50) on carnation leaf agar (Fig. S3). Genomic DNA was extracted from the representative isolate LD-245 for molecular verification, and PCR amplification was performed with ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7CR (Liu et al. 1999), and EFl/EF2 (O'Donnell et al. 1998) primers. Sequences of LD-245 ITS (OR565903), RPB2 (OR584061), and TEF (PP965657) revealed 99 to 100% (494/494, 722/726, and 654/654) of identity with Fusarium asiaticum (MT322117, MH582121, and MT330257). Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the concatenated sequences of ITS, RPB2, and TEF genes, and LD-245 was clustered with F. asiaticum (Fig. S4, Table S1). Therefore, based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny, LD-245 was identified as F. asiaticum. Six two-year-old healthy plants of the 'Lanjingling' cultivar were selected for a pathogenicity test. Three plants were inoculated with LD-245 conidial suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) or with sterile water as an experimental control. All plants were cultured in a greenhouse (28℃, 75% relative humidity, 12 h light and dark cycle), and each experiment was replicated three times. Typical leaf spot symptoms were observed on inoculated leaves after 10 days (Fig. S5), whereas no symptoms were detected on water-treated leaves. The pathogens re-isolated from infected leaves displayed the same morphological and molecular traits as the initial isolate, and were again identified as F. asiaticum, confirming Koch's postulate. F. asiaticum was previously reported on giant elephant's ear (Alocasia macrorrhizos) (Zheng et al. 2023), causing leaf spot disease in China. This study is the first report of blue honeysuckle leaf spot disease caused by F. asiaticum in China. China has the largest blue honeysuckle cultivation area globally, and the production of blue honeysuckle with horticultural value is important for growers (Sun et al. 2024). Therefore, we hope researchers can develop efficient measures to manage emerging plant diseases in the future.

In the rapidly evolving field of human-machine interfaces (HMIs), high-resolution wearable electronic skin (e-skin) is essential for user interaction. However, traditional array-structured tactile interfaces require increased number of interconnects, while soft material-based computational methods have limited functionalities. Here, we introduce a thin and soft e-skin for tactile interfaces, offering high mapping capabilities through electrical impedance tomography (EIT). We employed an organic/inorganic hybrid structure with simple, cost-effective fabrication processes, ensuring flexibility and stability. The conductive and stretchable sensing domain includes a micropatterned multiwall carbon nanotube and elastomer composite. The skin-like tactile interface effectively detects pressure-induced conductivity changes, offering superior spatiotemporal resolution with fewer interconnects (pixel/interconnects >57). This EIT-based tactile interface discerns external pressures to a submillimeter degree and vertical deformations of a few hundred micrometers. It sustains stable functions under external damage or environmental changes, confirming its suitability for persistent wearable use. We demonstrate practical applications in real-time HMIs: handwriting recognition and drone control.

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) has contributed to maintaining the forest's ecological balance and remarkable frost-resistant abilities, helping it withstand extremely cold conditions (-46 °C) and a wide pH range (5 to 8) (Sharma and Lee 2021). Between September 2022 and September 2023, leaf spots were observed on approximately 30% of blue honeysuckle plants of the 'Lanjingling' cultivar grown in a 1.13 ha field in Da Hinggan Ling Prefecture (50.32° N, 124.13° E) in Heilongjiang Province, China. The leaves of the affected plants displayed black-colored spots. To identify the causal agents, 10 healthy and symptomatic leaves were randomly collected from ten healthy and infected individual plants, respectively. Small (3 to 4 mm) segments of the symptomatic tissues were immersed in 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 3 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, dried in a paper towel, and plated on 9-cm Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA). Ten fungal colonies developed on the PDA plates with an isolation frequency of 100% from 10 symptomatic leaves, and all colonies displayed a morphology consistent with Cladosporium spp. (Bensch et al. 2018). Cladosporium-like fungi were not isolated from healthy leaves. Dark olive-colored mycelia were observed, with straight unbranched conidiophores bearing terminal light brown-colored limoniform conidia (1.80 to 4.50 × 2.10 to 12.60 μm) and surrounded by a thin line of white mycelium (Delisle-Houde et al. 2024). To confirm this identification, PCR amplification of two representative strains LD-299 and LD-300 genomic DNA was performed with ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and ACT512F/ACT783R (Carbone and Kohn 1999) primers. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses of the National Center for Biotechnology Information database showed that sequences of the ITS (PP600316, PP600317) and ACT (PP624334, PP624335) all revealed 100% (493/493 nt, 493/493 nt; 181/181 nt, 181/181 nt) shared identity with Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides strain ex-type MF473195 and HM148674 (Bensch et al. 2010), respectively. Using a neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS and ACT sequences, isolates LD-299 and LD-300 clustered in the same clade of C. pseudocladosporioides. Therefore, based on its morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny, the two isolates were identified as C. pseudocladosporioides (Cosseboom and Hu 2023). A pathogenicity test was performed using nine healthy two-year-old blue honeysuckle Lanjingling plants. Three plants were inoculated with either the LD-299 or the LD-300 conidial suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) or with clean water as an experimental control (Aydoğdu et al. 2023). All plants were cultured in a greenhouse (28℃, 75% relative humidity, 12 h light and dark cycle), and each experiment was replicated three times. Typical leaf spot symptoms were first observed on the inoculated leaves after 10 days. Morphological and molecular characterization of re-isolated pathogens from the artificially infected leaves indicated that the two isolates were identical, thereby confirming Koch's postulates. Cladosporium pseudocladosporioides previously caused leaf spot disease on artichoke (Cynara scolymus) in Türkiye (Aydoğdu et al. 2023). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of C. pseudocladosporioides causing leaf spots on blue honeysuckle in China. Blue honeysuckle production losses due to the leaf spots are critical for growers. Therefore, further focus should be given to investigate the host range and geographic distribution of C. pseudocladosporioides.

Recently, interest in cultivating blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) for horticulture and medicinal uses has grown (Sharma and Lee 2021). Between September 2022 and September 2023, a leaf spot disease (Fig. S1) was observed on approximately 20% of 'Lanjingling' blue honeysuckles grown in a 0.18 ha field in Qiqihar city (123.43°E, 47.92°N), Heilongjiang Province, China. Infected plants displayed black leaf spots that expanded to cover the entire leaf. Small, 3 to 4 mm segments of infected tissue were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 3 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, dried on paper towels, and plated in 9 cm Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) (Ma et al. 2023). To induce sporulation, nine purified cultures (Fig. S2) with similar culture characteristics were finally obtained from ten infected plants and they displayed a conidia morphology consistent with Neopestalotiopsis spp., no other fungi were isolated, and the isolation frequency was 90%. Conidiomata (Fig. S3) were brown to black and distributed in concentric rings with an average size of 261.98 (60.30-451.80) μm (n = 50). The conidia (Fig. S3) were fusoid and had four septa, straight to slightly curved, with an average size of 23.48 (13.50-30.30) × 5.42 (4.50-9.30) μm(n = 50), while basal and apical cells were hyaline and the three middle cells were brown with darker septa. PCR amplification was performed with ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), EFl-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), and Btub2Fd/Btub4Rd (Glass and Donaldson 1995) primers from the genomic DNA of the LD-330. Sequences of ITS (PP033584), TEF (PP048757), and TUB (PP048758) revealed 99 to 100% (499/500, 255/255, and 481/486) shared identity with Neopestalotiopsis rosae sequences (NR145243, KM199524, and KM199430) (Rebollar-Alviter et al. 2020). Therefore, based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny, LD-330 was identified as N. rosae. Six two-year-old healthy plants of the 'Lanjingling' cultivar were selected for a pathogenicity test (Yan et al. 2023). The leaves were surface disinfected with 75% alcohol and then wiped with sterilized water three times. Three plants were inoculated with 10 ml of LD-330 conidial suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) or with sterile water as an experimental control, respectively. All plants were in closed plastic bag, incubated in a greenhouse at 28 ℃ and 75% relative humidity (RH) under a 12-h light/dark cycle, and each experiment was performed three times (Rebollar-Alviter et al. 2020). Typical leaf spot symptoms were observed on inoculated leaves after 14 days (Fig. S4), whereas no symptoms were detected on water-treated leaves. The same pathogen was reisolated from infected leaves, displayed the same morphological and molecular traits, and was again identified as N. rosae, confirming Koch's postulate. Neopestalotiopsis rosae was previously reported on pecan (Gao et al. 2022), causing black leaf spot disease in China. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a blue honeysuckle leaf spot caused by N. rosae in China and specifically in the Heilongjiang province which has the largest blue honeysuckle cultivation area in the country. Future research should be directed toward developing comprehensive management measures.

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) cultivation has gradually expanded in China but continues to be limited by challenges such as leaf spot disease. Between September 2022 and September 2023, a leaf spot disease was observed on approximately 30% of 'Lanjingling' blue honeysuckles grown in a 2.66 ha field (a total of about 11,000 plants) in Jiamusi city (130.47°E, 46.16°N), Heilongjiang Province, China. Affected plants displayed brown necrotic lesions on their leaves that gradually expanded in area until the leaves fell off the plant entirely. Small, 3 to 4 mm segments of infected tissue from 50 randomly selected leaves were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s and 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 3 min, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water, dried on paper towels, and plated in 9 cm Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) (Yan et al. 2022). Five pathogens (LD-232, LD-233, LD-234, LD-235, and LD-236) were isolated on PDA and displayed a conidia morphology consistent with Pseudopithomyces spp. (Perelló et al. 2017). The fungal colonies on PDA were villiform, white, and whorled and had sparse aerial mycelium on the surface with black conidiomata. The conidia were obpyriform and dark brown, had 0 to 3 transverse and 0 to 1 longitudinal septa, and measured 9.00 to 15.30 μm × 5.70 to 9.30 μm in size (n = 50). Genomic DNA was extracted from a representative isolate, LD-232, for molecular verification and PCR amplification was performed with ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), LROR/LR7 (Carbone and Kohn 1999), and RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7CR (Liu et al. 1999) primers. Sequences of LD-232 ITS (OR835654), LSU (OR835652), and RPB2 (OR859769) revealed 99.8% (530/531 nt), 98.8% (639/647 nt), and 99.8% (1015/1017 nt) shared identity with Pseudopithomyces chartarum sequences (OP269600, OP237014, and MK434892), respectively (Wu et al. 2023). Bayesian inference (BI) was used to construct the phylogenies using Mr. Bayes v. 3.2.7 to confirm the identity of the isolates (Ariyawansa et al. 2015). Phylogenetic trees cannot be constructed based on the genes' concatenated sequences because selective strains do not have complete rDNA-ITS, LSU, and RPB2 sequences. Therefore, based on the morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny, LD-232 was identified as P. chartarum (Perelló et al. 2017; Wu et al. 2023). A pathogenicity test was performed with six healthy, two-year-old 'Lanjingling' blue honeysuckle plants. Three plants were inoculated by spraying the LD-232 conidial suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) or clean water as an experimental control condition (Wu et al. 2023; Yan et al. 2023). All plants were cultured in a greenhouse at 28℃ under a 12-h light/dark cycle, and each experiment was replicated three times. Typical leaf spot symptoms were observed on inoculated leaves after 10 days. The same pathogens were reisolated from infected leaves, displayed the same morphological and molecular traits, and were again identified as P. chartarum, confirming Koch's postulate. P. chartarum previously caused leaf spot disease on Tetrapanax papyrifer in China (Wu et al. 2023). To our knowledge, this is the first report of blue honeysuckle leaf spot caused by P. chartarum in China. Identification of P. chartarum as a disease agent on blue honeysuckle will help guide future management of leaf diseases for this economically important small fruit tree.

Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), has overcome the acquired resistance of first- and second-generation EGFR-TKIs due to the EGFR T790M mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance to osimertinib remains a significant clinical challenge. Luteolin, a natural flavonoid from traditional Chinese medicine, has exerted antitumor effects in various tumors. In this study, we investigated whether the natural flavonoid luteolin can enhance the antitumor effects of osimertinib in NSCLC cells. We established an acquired osimertinib-resistant cell line, H1975/OR, and evaluated the effects of luteolin and osimertinib alone and in combination on proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of H1975/OR cells. The potential mechanisms by which the combination of luteolin and osimertinib exert their effects were investigated by PCR, western blot, gene silencing, molecular docking, SPR and kinase activity analysis. The combination of luteolin and osimertinib inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of H1975/OR cells and promoted apoptosis. We identified mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification and overactivation as important resistance mechanisms of H1975/OR cells. The combination downregulated the gene and protein expression of MET and inhibited its protein phosphorylation, thereby blocking the activation of the downstream Akt pathway. Additionally, the mediated effects of MET on the synergistic effect of luteolin and osimertinib were confirmed by silencing of MET. Luteolin strongly bound with nonphosphorylated MET by occupying the active pocket of MET and inhibiting its activation. Notably, the combination also downregulated the expression of autocrine hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), the sole ligand of MET. In conclusion, luteolin can synergize with osimertinib to overcome MET amplification and overactivation-induced acquired resistance to osimertinib by suppressing the HGF-MET-Akt pathway, suggesting the clinical potential of combining luteolin with osimertinib in NSCLC patients with acquired resistance., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2023.)

Blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) is a perennial plant of the Caprifoliaceae family and Lonicera genus, the largest genus in the plant kingdom. Between September 2021 and September 2022, a leaf spot disease was observed on ~20% of blue honeysuckles of the 'Lanjingling' cultivar grown in a 3.33 ha field at the Xiangyang base (126.96°E, 45.77°N) of the Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin (Heilongjiang Province, China). Leaf spots first presented black mildew centers, gradually covering large areas of the leaf until it eventually fell off. Small 3-4 mm segments of infected tissue from 50 randomly selected leaves were surface sterilized with 75% ethanol and 5% sodium hypochlorite, rinsed in sterile distilled water, and transferred to 9 cm Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar (PDA) after drying. Finally, two isolated pathogens were obtained through single spore culture on PDA; they appeared as gray-black colonies and were named LD-12 and LD-121. The observed LD-12 and LD-121 conidia displayed a morphology consistent with Alternaria spp. They were obpyriform and dark brown, with 0-6 transverse and 0-3 longitudinal septa, measuring 6.00-17.70 μm × 9.30-42.30 μm and 5.70-20.70 μm × 8.40-47.70 μm for LD-12 and LD-121, respectively (n = 50). Genomic DNA was extracted from the two isolates for molecular verification, and PCR amplification was performed with ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), GPD1/GPD2 (Woudenberg et al. 2015), EFl-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7CR (Liu et al. 1999), and Alt-for/Alt-rev (Hong et al. 2005) primers. Sequences of LD-12 ITS (OQ607743), GPD (OQ623200), TEF (OQ623201), RPB2 (OQ658509), and ALT (OQ623199) revealed 99-100% of identity with Alternaria tenuissima sequences (KC584567, MK451973, LT707524, MK391051, and ON357632). Sequences of LD-121 ITS (OQ629881), GPD (OQ850078), TEF (OQ850075), RPB2 (OQ850076), and ALT (OQ850077) revealed 99-100% identity with A. alternata sequences (MN826219, ON055384, KY094927, MK637444, and OM849255). Nine two-year-old healthy plants from the 'Lanjingling' cultivar were selected for a pathogenicity test. Three plants were inoculated with either the LD-12 or LD-121 conidial suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) or with clean water as an experimental control condition (Mirzwa-Mróz et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2021). All plants were cultured in a greenhouse at 28℃ under a 12-h light/dark cycle, and each experiment was performed three times. Typical leaf spot symptoms were observed on inoculated leaves after 10 d. The same pathogens reisolated from infected leaves displayed the same morphological and molecular traits. They were again identified as A. tenuissima and A. alternata, confirming Koch's postulate. A. tenuissima and A. alternata were previously reported on Orychophragmus violaceus (Liu et al., 2021) and L. caerulea (Yan et al., 2022) in China. This study is the first report of a blue honeysuckle leaf spot caused by A. tenuissima in China. In the future, effective biological and chemical control should be used to prevent blue honeysuckle leaf spots in China.

Relatively few studies investigating plant diseases in blue honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.) have been conducted in China. In September 2021, a leaf spot disease was observed on approximately 10% of blue honeysuckle 'Lanjingling' leaves in a 0.02 ha field plantation in Tiekuang Street (124.36°E, 40.12°N) in Dandong City, Liaoning Province, China. The main symptom consisted of leaf spots with black mildew centers typically surrounded by yellow halos. Small pieces (3-4 mm) of the infected leaves were plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium as described by Wang et al. (2020) and six purified cultures were obtained through single spore culture on PDA. The observed conidia, consistent with the morphology of Alternaria alternata, were obpyriform and dark brown, measuring 5.8 to 15.3 μm × 7.9 to 42.5 μm, with 1-6 transverse septa and 0-3 longitudinal septa (n = 50) (Simmons 2007). For molecular verification, genomic DNA was extracted from a representative isolate LD-8. The ITS (GenBank OL454815), GPD (GenBank OL601993), TEF (GenBank OL538256), RPB2 (GenBank OL601966), and Alt (GenBank OL538257) genes were partially amplified with the respective primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), GPD1/GPD2 (Woudenberg et al. 2015), EFl-728F/EFI-986R (Carbone and Kohn 1999), RPB2-5F2/RPB2-7CR (Liu et al. 1999), and Alt-for/Alt-rev (Hong et al. 2005). BLAST analysis revealed that these genes shared 99%-100% identity with OK345332, MK451977, MN756011, KU933459, and MN655781, respectively. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using six, healthy two-year-old blue honeysuckle 'Lanjingling' plants to observe disease development (Mirzwa-Mróz et al. 2018). After 10 d, we noted typical leaf spot symptoms on inoculated leaves sprayed with a conidial suspension (106 spores/mL) while no symptoms were detected on uninoculated leaves. The same isolate, reisolated from infected leaves with the same morphological and molecular traits, was also identified as A. alternata, confirming Koch's postulates. The fungus was previously reported in cockscomb plants in Heilongjiang Province, China (Wang et al. 2020). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease caused by A. alternata in blue honeysuckle grown in China. This study will provide a basis for future development of effective protection strategies against blue honeysuckle leaf spot in China.