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7. Women's visibility in academic seminars: women ask fewer questions than men

Author

Carter, Alecia, Croft, Alyssa, Lukas, Dieter, and Sandstrom, Gillian

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

The attrition of women in academic careers is a major concern, particularly in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics subjects. One factor that can contribute to the attrition is the lack of visible role models for women in academia. At early career stages, the behaviour of the local community may play a formative role in identifying ingroup role models, shaping women's impressions of whether or not they can be successful in academia. One common and formative setting to observe role models is the local departmental academic seminar, talk, or presentation. We thus quantified women's visibility through the question-asking behaviour of academics at seminars using observations and an online survey. From the survey responses of over 600 academics in 20 countries, we found that women reported asking fewer questions after seminars compared to men. This impression was supported by observational data from almost 250 seminars in 10 countries: women audience members asked absolutely and proportionally fewer questions than male audience members. When asked why they did not ask questions when they wanted to, women, more than men, endorsed internal factors (e.g., not working up the nerve). However, our observations suggest that structural factors might also play a role; when a man was the first to ask a question, or there were fewer questions, women asked proportionally fewer questions. Attempts to counteract the latter effect by manipulating the time for questions (in an effort to provoke more questions) in two departments were unsuccessful. We propose alternative recommendations for creating an environment that makes everyone feel more comfortable to ask questions, thus promoting equal visibility for women and members of other less visible groups., Comment: Full Manuscript (including text, three figures, three tables, and four supplementary files); changes to previous version include different statistics and additional detail on approaches and interpretation

Published
2017
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10. Reconnecting with Old Friends.

Author

AKNIN, LARA B. and SANDSTROM, GILLIAN M.

Subjects
*VETERINARIANS, *INFANTS, *RETAIL stores, *NEIGHBORS
Abstract

The article from Scientific American discusses the importance of maintaining social connections for mental and physical health. Despite the benefits of reconnecting with old friends, many people are hesitant to reach out due to fears of rejection or awkwardness. The research suggests that practicing social interactions with current friends can help ease anxieties and make reconnecting with old friends more enjoyable. Ultimately, reaching out to old friends can lead to greater happiness and well-being. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

17. Embrace Chattering Students: They May Be Building Community and Interest in Your Class

Author

Sandstrom, Gillian M. and Rawn, Catherine D.

Abstract

When students chatter in class it can be disruptive, but could that chatter also have some redeeming qualities? We asked students to keep track of their social interactions in a particular class. On days when students had more social interactions than usual, they reported a greater sense of belonging, which was, in turn, related to greater class enjoyment (i.e., a within-person effect). Further, students who tended to have more social interactions than others reported a greater sense of belonging, which was, in turn, related to greater class enjoyment (i.e., a between-person effect). These results held when examining daily ratings of social interactions, belonging, and class enjoyment, and when examining overall end-of-semester ratings. Critically, higher average daily feelings of belonging mediated the effect of the number of average daily classroom interactions on students' end-of-semester class enjoyment and marginally on grades. For educators, promoting peer-to-peer conversation may create a positive effect by which students judge the overall class experience positively.

Published
2015
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19. Kindness vs. Compassion: Request & Distress

Author

Sandstrom, Gillian, Laughton, James, and Cohen-Chen, Smadar

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, Personality and Social Contexts, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Participants will be asked to remember and describe their own personal experiences of doing things for others. They will be asked to think about and rate these experiences across a range of factors, such as their emotional response to those experiences. They will also be asked to give us some information about themselves in order to gauge trait empathy (affective and cognitive empathy).

Published
2023
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20. Reaching out: control, message, message+encouragement

Author

Sandstrom, Gillian and Aknin, Lara

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Does an intervention addressing (previously established) barriers encourage people to reach out to someone they've lost touch with?

Published
2022
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24. Absorption in Music: Development of a Scale to Identify Individuals with Strong Emotional Responses to Music

Author

Sandstrom, Gillian M. and Russo, Frank A.

Abstract

Despite the rise in research investigating music and emotion over the last decade, there are no validated measures of individual differences in emotional responses to music. We created the Absorption in Music Scale (AIMS), a 34-item measure of individuals' ability and willingness to allow music to draw them into an emotional experience. It was evaluated with a sample of 166 participants, and exhibits good psychometric properties. The scale converges well with measures of similar constructs, and shows reliability over time. Importantly, in a test of criterion validity, emotional responses to music were correlated with the AIMS scale but not correlated with measures of empathy or music training. (Contains 4 tables and 1 figure.)

Published
2013
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30. Difficult Conversations

Author

Kelly, Caitlin and Sandstrom, Gillian

Abstract

Examining support and barriers in discussing difficult topics - grief, miscarriage, cancer

Published
2022
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34. Reaching out to vs. hearing from a lost friend

Author

Sandstrom, Gillian, Aknin, Lara, and Amarasekera, Anurada

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

We are comparing people's feelings about reaching out to someone they've lost touch with vs. feelings about hearing from someone they've lost touch with

Published
2022
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35. Unidimensional Fast Friends

Author

Lotun, Shaaba, Sandstrom, Gillian, Lamarche, Veronica, and Matran-Fernandez, Ana

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, behavior and behavior mechanisms, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Assessing whether unidimensional and dyadic produce higher levels of perceived closeness and responsiveness than unidirectional non-disclosure.

Published
2022
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36. Tips Study

Author

Charidza, Chengetai and Sandstrom, Gillian

Abstract

Does providing tips change expectations before talking to strangers, or evaluations after talking to strangers?

Published
2022
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37. Hammer study

Author

Sandstrom, Gillian

Subjects
ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Can we harness the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to encourage people to take the opportunity to talk to a stranger?

Published
2022
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47. Creator Disclosure Study

Author

Lotun, Shaaba, Matran-Fernandez, Ana, Sandstrom, Gillian, and Lamarche, Veronica

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Social Psychology, Computer Sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Assessing whether newly formed parasocial relationships produce lower levels of implict and explicit prejudice.

Published
2022
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49. Reproducibility Project: Psychology

Author

Anderson, Christopher, Anderson, Joanna, van Assen, Marcel, Attridge, Peter, Attwood, Angela, Axt, Jordan, Babel, Molly, Bahník, Štěpán, Baranski, Erica, Barnett-Cowan, Michael, Bartmess, Elizabeth, Beer, Jennifer, Bell, Raoul, Bentley, Heather, van den Bergh, Don, Beyan, Leah, den Bezemer, Bobby, Borsboom, Denny, Bosch, Annick, Bosco, Frank, Bowman, Sara, Brandt, Mark, Braswell, Erin, Brohmer, Hilmar, Brown, Benjamin, Brown, Kristina, Brüning, Jovita, Calhoun-Sauls, Ann, Callahan, Shannon, Chagnon, Elizabeth, Chandler, Jesse, Chartier, Christopher, Cheung, Felix, Chu, Phuonguyen, Cillessen, Linda, Clay, Russ, Cleary, Hayley, Cloud, Mark, Cohn, Michael, Cohoon, Johanna, Columbus, Simon, Costantini, Giulio, Cramblet Alvarez, Leslie, Cremata, Edward, Crusius, Jan, DeCoster, Jamie, DeGaetano, Michelle, Della Penna, Nicolás, Deserno, Marie, Devitt, Olivia, Dewitte, Laura, DiGiacomo, Philip, Dobolyi, David, Dodson, Geneva, Donnellan, Brent, Donohue, Ryan, van Dooren, Roel, van Doorn, Johnny, Dore, Rebecca, Dorrough, Angela, Dorsthorst, Anniek, Dreber, Anna, Dugas, Michelle, Dunn, Elizabeth, Easey, Kayleigh, Eboigbe, Sylvia, Eggleston, Casey, Embley, Jo, Epskamp, Sacha, Errington, Timothy, Estel, Vivien, Farach, Frank, Feather, Jenelle, Fedor, Anna, Fernández, Belén, Fiedler, Susann, Field, James, Fitneva, Stanka, Flagan, Taru, Forest, Amanda, Forsell, Eskil, Foster, Joshua, Frank, Michael, Frazier, Rebecca, Fuchs, Heather, Gable, Philip, Galak, Jeff, Galliani, Elisa, Gampa, Anup, Garcia, Sara, Gazarian, Douglas, Gilbert, Elizabeth, Giner-Sorolla, Roger, Glöckner, Andreas, Goellner, Lars, Goh, Jin, Goldberg, Rebecca, Goldinger, Stephen, Goodbourn, Patrick, Gordon-McKeon, Shauna, Gorges, Bryan, Gorges, Jessie, Goss, Justin, Graham, Jesse, Gray, Jeremy, Hartgerink, Chris, Hasselman, Fred, Hayes, Timothy, Heikensten, Emma, Henninger, Felix, Hicks, Grace, Hodsoll, John, Holubar, Taylor, Hoogendoorn, Geertje, van der Hulst, Marije, Humphries, Denise, Hung, Cathy, Immelman, Nathali, Irsik, Vanessa, Jahn, Georg, Jäkel, Frank, Jekel, Marc, Johannesson, Magnus, Johnson, David, Johnson-Grey, Kate, Johnson, Larissa, Johnston, William, Jonas, Kai, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer, Kappes, Heather, Kelso, Kim, Kidwell, Mallory, Kim, Seung, Kirkhart, Matthew, Kleinberg, Bennett, Knezevic, Goran, Kolorz, Franziska, Krause, Robert, Krijnen, Job, Kuhlmann, Tim, Kunkels, Yoram, Kyc, Megan, Lai, Calvin, Laique, Aamir, Lakens, Daniel, Lane, Kristin, Lassetter, Bethany, Lazarevic, Ljiljana, LeBel, Etienne, Lee, Key Jung, Lee, Minha, Lemm, Kristi, Levitan, Carmel, Lewis, Melissa, Lin, Lin, Lin, Stephanie, Lippold, Matthias, Loureiro, Darren, Lumian, Daniel, Luteijn, Ilse, Mackinnon, Sean, Mainard, Heather, Marigold, Denise, Martin, Daniel, Martinez, Tylar, Masicampo, E.J., Matacotta, Joshua, Mathur, Maya, May, Michael, McRae, Kateri, McElroy, Todd, Mechin, Nicole, Mehta, Pranjal, Meixner, Johannes, Melinger, Alissa, Miller, Jeremy, Smith, Mallorie, Moore, Katherine, Möschl, Marcus, Motyl, Matt, Müller, Stephanie, Munafo, Marcus, Muñoz, Alisa, Neijenhuijs, Koen, Nervi, Taylor, Nicolas, Gandalf, Nilsonne, Gustav, Nosek, Brian, Olsson, Catherine, Osborne, Colleen, Ostkamp, Lutz, Pavel, Misha, Perna, Olivia, Pernet, Cyril, Perugini, Marco, Pipitone, R. Nathan, Pitts, Michael, Plessow, Franziska, Prenoveau, Jason, Ratliff, Kate, Reinhard, David, Renkewitz, Frank, van Renswoude, Daan, Ricker, Ashley, Rigney, Anastasia, van Rijn, Hedderik, Rivers, Andrew, Roebke, Mark, Rutchick, Abraham, Ryan, Robert, Sahin, Onur, Saide, Anondah, Sandstrom, Gillian, Santos, David, Saxe, Rebecca, Schlegelmilch, René, Schmidt, Kathleen, Scholz, Sabine, Seibel, Larissa, Selterman, Dylan, Shaki, Samuel, Simpson, William, Sinclair, H., Skorinko, Jeanine, Slowik, Agnieszka, Snyder, Joel, Soderberg, Courtney, Sonnleitner, Carina, Spencer, Nicholas, Spies, Jeffrey, Staples, Angela, steegen, sara, Steinberg, Mia, Stieger, Stefan, Strohminger, Nina, Sullivan, Gavin, Talhelm, Thomas, Tapia, Megan, Thomae, Manuela, Toton, Sarah, Tibboel, Helen, Tio, Pia, Traets, Frits, Tsang, Steve, tuerlinckx, francis, Tullett, Alexa, Turchan, Paul, vanpaemel, wolf, Vásquez-Echeverría, Alejandro, van 't Veer, Anna, Vélez, Natalia, van de Ven, Mathijs, Vermue, Marieke, Verschoor, Mark, Vianello, Michelangelo, Voracek, Martin, Vuu, Gina, Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan, Weerdmeester, Johanna, Welsh, Ashlee, Westgate, Erin, Wissink, Joeri, Wood, Michael, Andy, Wright, Emily, Wu, Sining, Zeelenberg, Marcel, Zuni, Kellylynn, Hartshorne, Joshua, and Grange, James

Subjects
reproduction, metascience, replication, psychological science, open science, psychology, crowdsource, reproducibility
Abstract

Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available.

Published
2022
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50. Belonging in class

Author

Sandstrom, Gillian

Abstract

What’s in a Name? The Benefits of Recognizing and Greeting Your Students, Even If You Can’t Remember Their Names

Published
2022
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