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International audience; Background: Immunocompromised children are likely to develop a refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The usefulness of providing extracorporeal life support (ECLS) to these patients is a subject of debate. The aim of our study was to report the outcomes and to compare factors associated with mortality between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised children supported with veno-venous ECMO. Methods: We performed a retrospective monocentric study in the French pediatric ECMO center of Armand Trousseau Hospital, including all pediatric patients aged from 1 month to 18 years requiring ECLS for ARDS. Results: Between 2007 and 2018, one hundred and eleven (111) patients underwent ECMO for respiratory failure; among them twenty-five (25) were immunocompromised. Survival rate at 6 months after intensive care discharge was significantly lower for immunocompromised patients compared to non-immunocompromised ones (41.7% vs. 62.8%; p = 0.04). ARDS severity was similar between the 2 groups. Fungal pneumonias were reported only in immunocompromised patients (12.5% versus 0% in the control group; p = 0.001). Bleeding complications were significantly more frequent in the immunocompromised group and blood product transfusions were also more frequently required in this group. Conclusion: Six months after intensive care discharge, survival rate of immunocompromised children supported with ECMO for pediatric ARDS is lower than for nonimmunocompromised patients. But, the expectation for a favorable outcome is real and it is worth it if their condition is likely to be compatible with a good long-term quality of life.

Fly-in fly-out (FIFO) work camps are built and organized to ensure that long-distance rotational workers are fed, housed, and mobilized in sync with the pressing yet unpredictable rhythms of resource extraction. Positioned thus ‘betwixt and between’ the complex relations of work and life (Johnsen and Sørensen, 2015), the work camp is a generative yet hitherto neglected example of the temporal operations of permanent liminality (Bamber et al., 2017). But what does this mean for workers? If camp does the liminal work of managing the temporal challenges of the resource-based mobility regime, how do FIFO workers experience and respond to its inevitable lived consequences? Drawing on rare qualitative fieldwork in Canada’s Athabasca Oil Sands, we explain the effects of camp time—disorientation, monotony, and entrapment—and examine the temporal tactics workers deploy to manage those effects, from embracing and disrupting internal camp routines to aligning and syncing with outside and future-oriented temporalities. We argue that workers’ tactics make them ‘competent liminars’ (Borg and Söderlund, 2015) of camp time, which is, in turn, crucial to the latter’s disciplining function within the FIFO mobility regime. Our findings invite renewed attention to the temporal mediation accomplished by liminal people and places, especially in organizational contexts aimed at institutionally harnessing social time to productive imperatives.

Defining the best ventilatory settings under ECMO remains a challenging question. Despite a well-defined ARDS treatment before ECMO initiation, there is no recommendation on how to ventilate a patient under ECMO for P-ARDS. Only a few descriptive studies are available on ventilatory settings during respiratory ECMO. We aim at evaluating the usefulness of a protective ventilation bundle under ECMO and its capacity to reduce the ventilatory pressure in our ECMO center.We performed a monocentric retrospective study from January 2007 to December 2018. All children aged from 1 month to 18 years old and requiring an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for a refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome were included. A protective mechanical ventilation under ECMO bundle has been developed in 2014. We compare the period 1 (before 2014) to the period 2 (after 2014).Eighty-three patient had been included during the study. We reported a significant increase of PEEP and mean pressure respectively at day 3, day 7 and day 14 of ECMO during the period 2. Conversely, the driving pressure were significantly lower in the period 2 at day 3 (p: 0.009), day 7 (p:0.001) and day 14 (p: 0.001). We also shown a strong increase in the use of prone positioning during ECMO in the period 2 (p: 0.01). There was no significant effect of our bundle on the length of mechanical ventilation, of hospitalization and on the survival rate.The implementation of a protective mechanical ventilation bundle during ECMO is usefulness to apply for lower ventilatory pressure and higher use of prone positioning. Nonetheless, the lack of power of our study prevents us from showing its efficacy on outcome criteria.

Les tensions sociales et politiques concernant la question de l’immigration qui secouent le Québec sont plus que jamais d’actualité. Alors que plusieurs travaux ont porté sur les attitudes face à l’immigration, nous proposons un regard ethnographique sur l’expérience de la diversité dans deux quartiers dits de « classe moyenne » de la grande région de Montréal. L’observation concrète des interactions interethniques dans les espaces publics ainsi que des entrevues qualitatives approfondies auprès de familles « natives » et d’origine immigrante avec de jeunes enfants nous permettent d’avancer que les espaces publics, plus particulièrement les parcs de quartier, apparaissent comme des lieux particulièrement privilégiés des familles dans l’expérience de la diversité et l’apprivoisement de la différence. Bien que la convivialité l’emporte sur l’aversion dans ces espaces publics, certains inconforts demeurent, surtout lorsqu’ils engagent des marqueurs religieux ou touchent à l’éducation des enfants. La sociabilité publique et la participation dans les réseaux communautaires, tant des « natifs » que des immigrants, permettent de dépasser certaines tensions et favorisent des rapprochements vers une cohabitation interethnique urbaine inclusive., The social and political tensions related to immigration in Quebec are more relevant than ever. While several studies have focused on attitudes towards immigration, this article provides an ethnographic study of the experience of diversity in two « middle class » neighborhoods of the Greater Montreal. The empirical observation of interethnic interactions in public spaces and in-depth qualitative interviews with « native » and immigrant families with young children support that public spaces, especially neighborhood parks, stand as privileged places in families’ experience of diversity. Although conviviality outweighs aversion in these public spaces, some tensions remains, especially with regard to religious markers and the education of children. Public sociability and participation by both « natives » and immigrants in community networks help in overcoming some of these discomforts and promote an inclusive interethnic urban cohabitation., Las tensiones sociales y políticas sobre la cuestión de la inmigración que sacuden a Quebec son más que nunca de actualidad. Si bien varios trabajos se han centrado en las actitudes frente a la inmigración, nosotros proponemos un enfoque etnográfico sobre la experiencia de la diversidad en dos barrios llamados de « clase media » en la gran región de Montreal. La observación concreta de las interacciones interétnicas en los espacios públicos, así como entrevistas de fondo entre familias « nativas » y de origen inmigrante con hijos jóvenes nos han permitido postular que los espacios públicos, y en particular los parques del barrio, se presentan como lugares particularmente privilegiados por las familias en la experiencia de la diversidad y familiarización con la diferencia. Aunque la convivialidad prevalezca sobre la animadversión en dichos espacios públicos, siguen sintiéndose ciertas incomodidades, sobre todo cuando se trata de indicadores religiosos o que conciernen a la educación de los hijos. La sociabilidad pública y la participación en las redes comunitarias, tanto de « nativos » como de inmigrantes, permiten rebasar ciertas tensiones y favorecer vinculaciones hacia una cohabitación urbana interétnica incluyente.

The risk of cardiac or lung failure after liver transplantation (LT) is significant. In rare cases, the usual intensive care techniques fail to maintain organ oxygenation with a risk of multiorgan dysfunction. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a difficult and risky procedure, it can be proposed as life-saving. Four children with either acute pulmonary (three) or cardiac (one) failure after LT, and the criteria that decided the use of ECMO (level of ventilation and results, dosage of inotropic drugs, cardiac ultrasound, blood lactate) were retrospectively reported. These patients, 1-11 years old, were treated with either veno-arterial (three) or veno-venous (one) ECMO. Two experienced a full recovery, with 3 and 6 years of follow-up. Two died of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to ECMO, and relapse of heart failure due to the underlying disease. Although our patients' survival was only 50%, we showed that ECMO can be useful in children after LT. It should be considered before the development of irreversible multiorgan failure.

Resume L’assistance respiratoire et circulatoire extracorporelle (ECMO), hors situation postoperatoire d’une cardiotomie, correspond a l’ensemble des techniques de reanimation utilisees chez le nouveau-ne comme chez l’enfant, ayant pour objectif la suppleance cardiaque et pulmonaire. L’ECMO comprend differentes modalites techniques selon le type de defaillance d’organe pris en charge. Les principales indications des ECMO sont a la fois respiratoires (syndrome de detresse respiratoire aigu, asthme aigu grave, pleuropneumopathie hypoxemiante, inhalation meconiale et hypertension arterielle pulmonaire) et hemodynamiques (choc cardiogenique, choc septique refractaire, arret cardiorespiratoire refractaire). Les principales contre-indications sont la prematurite

Pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), whose accessibility to parents raises controversy, often operate under their own rules. Patients are under critical and unstable conditions, often in a life-threatening situation. In this context, the communication with the parents and their participation in the unit may be difficult. Information is a legal, deontological, and moral duty for caregivers, confirmed by the parents' needs. But the ability to enforce them is a challenge, and there is a gap between the theory and the reality. The communication between the parents and the physicians starts at the admission of the child with a family conference. According to the Societe de reanimation de langue francaise (SRLF), the effectiveness of the communication is based on three criteria: the patients' comprehension, their satisfaction and their anxiety and depression. It has been shown that comprehension depends on multiple factors, related on the parents, the physicians, and the medical condition of the child. Regarding the parents' participation in the organization of the service, the parents' presence is becoming an important factor. In the PICU, the parents' status has evolved. They become a member of the care team, as a partner. The best interest of the child is always discussed with the parents, as the person knowing the best their child. This partnership gives them a responsibility, which is complementary to the physician's one, but does not substitute it.

How to cite this article: Rambaud J, Allioux C, Jean S, Guilbert J, Guellec I, Demoulin M, et al. Nosocomial Infections in Neonates Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: First French Retrospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(9):392–395.

A 4-month-old infant was declared brain-dead 2 days after being initiated on venoarterial ECMO for a refractory septic shock. All brain death diagnostic criteria were fulfilled according to French law, and parental consent was given for organ donation. The hospital where ECMO was initiated had no authorization for organ procurement, and the donor was then transferred to the local referral center for child organ recovery with our mobile ECMO team to maintain organ perfusion. The kidneys were recovered and successfully transplanted to a child who is now well and alive. Although the transport elements of this case report are of limited relevance to an international audience as no other country, to our knowledge, has this particular organization, it does show excellent collaboration between teams to realize the goal of organ donation for this family. This is the first case describing a successful inter-hospital transport for organ procurement of a brain-dead infant on ECMO. Brain-dead pediatric patients undergoing ECMO can be considered as potential organ donors to expand the donor pool.

Migration, mobility, globalisation and individualisation have transformed the way people relate to space by affecting their physical, social and emotional bonds to place. Yet, does it mean that place attachment is due to wane and that the neighbourhood does not matter nowadays? The article is tackling this question by addressing the underexplored neighbourhood attachment and the residential choices of young middle-class families in Montreal Census Metropolitan Area. Empirical results are drawn from in-depth interviews with immigrant and non-immigrant households in a comparative perspective between a peri-urban and near-suburban neighbourhood in recent ethnic transition. We explore three types of neighbourhood attachment: physical and social as underlined in the literature, but we also suggest the importance of accounting for the symbolic dimension of neighbourhood attachment. Findings reveal how families display neighbourhood attachment through an extensive use of neighbourhood amenities (physical), embedded social ties (social) and distinctive lifestyles convergent with the representations of middle-class family life (symbolic). Unlike narratives of middle-classes’ place detachment and withdrawal from neighbourhood life, our case study of ‘middle’ middle-class neighbourhoods suggest that the neighbourhood preserves its importance, but that neighbourhood attachment takes different forms and that these forms differ among urban and suburban families. It is argued that what residents believe urban and suburban life should be and their values and identities associated with it needs further investigation, given their considerable role in neighbourhood attachment and residential choices of middle-classes families.

Background The French Emergency Medicine Society, the French Intensive Care Society and the Pediatric Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine French-Speaking Group edited guidelines on severe asthma exacerbation (SAE) in adult and pediatric patients. Results The guidelines were related to 5 areas: diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, oxygen therapy and ventilation, patients triage, specific considerations regarding pregnant women. The literature analysis and formulation of the guidelines were conducted according to the Grade of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. An extensive literature research was conducted based on publications indexed in PubMed™ and Cochrane™ databases. Of the 21 formalized guidelines, 4 had a high level of evidence (GRADE 1+/−) and 7 a low level of evidence (GRADE 2+/−). The GRADE method was inapplicable to 10 guidelines, which resulted in expert opinions. A strong agreement was reached for all guidelines. Conclusion The conjunct work of 36 experts from 3 scientific societies resulted in 21 formalized recommendations to help improving the emergency and intensive care management of adult and pediatric patients with SAE.

BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a severe intensive complication and remains under estimated in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Center for Disease Control defined criteria for adults and pediatrics without neonatal criteria. The objective of this article was to evaluate the rate, the risks factors and the outcome of neonates suffering from ventilator-associated pneumonia in a French NICU. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study within a one-year period in our NICU. Three hundred and eighty-one neonates under 28 days of age were included. Data analyses were performed using Fischer exact-test, Kolgomorov analysis, Mann-Whitney test and logistic regression. RESULTS Seventeen patients were diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Incidence rate of VAP was 8.8 per 1000 invasive mechanical ventilator days. The median age at diagnosis was 20 days (range: 4-45). Extremely low birth weight (under than 1000 grams) were significantly associated with VAP (OR=4.31 [95% CI: 1.38-13.39]). Newborns suffering from VAP had a significantly longer duration of invasive ventilation (median: 16 days [range 4-75] versus 3 days [range 1-28], P

This study evaluated the first interaction (FI) between parents and health care providers at the time of admission of a child in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), and explored the extent to which parents understood the medical information. This prospective study took place in three French university-affiliated PICUs. Forty-two parents of 30 children were interviewed. The physician and nurse who took care of the child completed a questionnaire. We evaluated parents' comprehension (excellent, fair, or poor) by comparing parents' and physicians' responses to six items: diagnosis, affected organ, reason for hospitalization, prognosis, treatments, and further investigations. Parent-physician FI occurred within 24 h of child's admission. Two thirds of the parents were dissatisfied to wait before receiving information. Most of the parents had an excellent comprehension of the affected organ (n = 25/28, 89.3%) and prognosis (n = 26/30, 86.7%). Two thirds of the parents understood the reason for hospitalization (n = 18/28, 64.3%) and diagnosis (n = 19/30, 63.3%). Less than half the parents understood child's treatments (n = 10/30, 33.3%) and further investigations (n = 8/21, 38.1%). When a nurse delivered information on treatment, parental comprehension improved (p = 0.053).Parents complained of their wait time before receiving information. Most of them had an excellent comprehension. An improved communication between nurses and physicians is mandatory, and the active participation of nurses to give information to the parents should be encouraged. What is known: • In pediatric intensive care unit, health care providers deliver information to parents on their child's condition, which fosters the trust between them to build a partnership. • Various guidelines exist to help health care providers communicate with parents in PICU, but never mention the specific time of admission. What is new: • Even though parents could wait before entering the unit, they all received information on their child's condition within 24 hours after admission. • Parents understood the information well, and nurses improved the parental comprehension of the treatments by reformulating.

Bon an, mal an, environ 20 000 personnes quittent la Ville de Montréal pour s’établir en banlieue. Dans ce contexte de concurrence pour attirer les jeunes ménages, nous nous sommes penchés sur les choix résidentiels de familles de la classe moyenne en faveur de la ville centrale ou de la banlieue. Cinquante et une entrevues approfondies ont été menées en 2011-2012 dans deux quartiers de la région métropolitaine de Montréal, l’un représentant la banlieue, Vimont-Auteuil, l’autre la ville centrale, Ahuntsic. Au-delà du prix des logements, les choix résidentiels des familles sont liés aux représentations de la ville et de la banlieue, aux usages du quartier et du chez-soi, à leur mobilité quotidienne, leur identité, et en somme leurs modes de vie. Les images négatives de la vie de famille en ville véhiculées par les banlieusards de même que la vision stéréotypée de la banlieue dépeinte par les urbains donnent à penser que l’opposition ville/banlieue est loin d’être caduque, du moins dans les représentations que s’en font encore aujourd’hui les jeunes familles de la classe moyenne., Year after year, about 20,000 people leave the City of Montreal to settle in the suburbs. In light of the competition facing communities to attract young families, we examine the residential choices of middle class families for either the city or the suburbs. Some 51 interviews were conducted between 2011 and 2012 in two districts of the Montreal metropolitan area, one representing the suburbs – Vimont-Auteuil – and the other representing the city – Ahuntsic. Beyond housing prices, residential choices of families are determined by their notions of the city and suburbs, to uses made of a neighbourhood and home, to their daily mobility patterns, their identity, and their overall lifestyle. Negative images of family life in the city held by those living in the suburbs as well as a stereotyped view of the suburbs on the part of urban dwellers suggest that the city/suburb dichotomy is far from obsolete, at least in the representations held by today’s young middle class families.

L’impact de la diversite ethnoculturelle croissante sur les metropoles canadiennes a suscite de nombreux travaux. On a toutefois moins etudie le cas des quartiers de classe moyenne ou cette transition ethnoculturelle est recente. Nous nous sommes penchees sur la lecture que font de ces changements les jeunes familles, immigrantes ou non, soit des menages particulierement sensibles au choix d’un milieu de vie adequat pour elever leurs enfants. Une cinquantaine d’entrevues ont ete menees aupres de familles frequentant des lieux publics (parcs et bibliotheques) dans deux quartiers de la region metropolitaine de Montreal, l’un en banlieue, l’autre dans la ville centrale. Si la diversite ethnique croissante de leur quartier ne semble pas avoir pese d’emblee sur leurs choix residentiels, les propos recueillis temoignent neanmoins de leur perplexite quant aux transformations de leur milieu de vie, et ce, au-dela d’experiences urbaines differenciees entre banlieues et ville centre. Les ecoles, les bibliotheques, de meme que les activites culturelles et de loisirs organisees dans les parcs, s’averent egalement nevralgiques pour ces jeunes familles comme lieux de construction du rapport a l’autre.

Objectives Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support is indicated in severe and refractory respiratory or circulatory failures. Neurological complications are typically represented by acute ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions, which induce higher morbidity and mortality. The primary goal of this study was to assess the prognostic value of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (StcO2) on mortality in neonates and young infants treated with ECMO. A secondary objective was to evaluate the association between StcO2 and the occurrence of cerebral lesions. Study design This was a prospective study in infants < 3 months of age admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit and requiring ECMO support. Measurements The assessment of cerebral perfusion was made by continuous StcO2 monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sensors placed on the two temporo-parietal regions. Neurological lesions were identified by MRI or transfontanellar echography. Results Thirty-four infants

The risk of cardiac or lung failure after liver transplantation (LT) is significant. In rare cases, the usual intensive care techniques fail to maintain organ oxygenation with a risk of multiorgan dysfunction. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a difficult and risky procedure, it can be proposed as life-saving. Four children with either acute pulmonary (three) or cardiac (one) failure after LT, and the criteria that decided the use of ECMO (level of ventilation and results, dosage of inotropic drugs, cardiac ultrasound, blood lactate) were retrospectively reported. These patients, 1-11 years old, were treated with either veno-arterial (three) or veno-venous (one) ECMO. Two experienced a full recovery, with 3 and 6 years of follow-up. Two died of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) due to ECMO, and relapse of heart failure due to the underlying disease. Although our patients' survival was only 50%, we showed that ECMO can be useful in children after LT. It should be considered before the development of irreversible multiorgan failure.

Au Québec, les reconfigurations sociospatiales des territoires remettent en question la permanence de la distinction ville-campagne et nous invitent à réétudier les réalités rurales et urbaines. Pour saisir les nouvelles frontières qui se profilent entre les régions rurales et urbaines, cet article vise à faire ressortir les grandes représentations de la ruralité et de l’urbanité contemporaine qui circulent dans l’espace social québécois grâce à la méthode de la cartographie conceptuelle. Ces représentations ont émergé de quatre groupes de discussion avec des jeunes urbains de Montréal et des jeunes ruraux du Bas-Saint-Laurent. Notre étude permet d’identifier le caractère asymétrique des rapports entretenus entre la campagne et la ville. La cartographie conceptuelle montre, de façon générale, une certaine incompréhension des caractéristiques spécifiques de la ruralité de la part des urbains, alors que les réalités urbaines semblent généralement mieux comprises, tant par les urbains que par les ruraux., In Quebec, the socio-spatial reconfigurations of territories call the conventional city-country distinction into question and invite us to reexamine the actual reality of rural and urban areas. To capture the new characteristics that are taking shape in rural-urban relations, this article highlights the representations of rurality and urbanity that currently predominate in the Quebec social space, mainly by means of the method of concept mapping. The representations emerged from four discussion groups held with urban youth from Montreal and rural youth from Bas-Saint-Laurent. Our study identified an asymmetry in the relations between the country and the city, in the sense that the attributes of rurality are generally rather poorly understood by urban youth, while urban realities appear to be better understood by both urban and rural youth.

OBJECTIVES: To document risk behaviours and prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections among adolescents aged 14 to17 years entering care in Quebec Youth Protection Centres (YPC). METHODS: From July 2008 to May 2009, adolescents residing in six YPCs completed a questionnaire during a face-to-face interview. Questions covered sexual and substance use behaviours prior to admission, as well as other health issues affecting respondents’ mental and physical health. Urine samples were tested for Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection (CTGI) and Neisseria gonorrhoea genital infection (NGGI). RESULTS: Among 578 participants aged 14 to 17 years, 89% had had consensual sexual relations. Sexual risk behaviours included early sexual initiation (66% at

Soit k la cloture algebrique de F p et K le corps local des series formelles a coefficients dans k. Le but de cet article est de decrire l'ensemble y n des classes de conjugaison des series d'ordre p n pour la loi de composition. Ce travail concerne les series formelles reversibles a coefficients dans un corps de caracteristique p qui sont d'ordre p n pour la loi de composition. Dans le but d'explorer la conjecture de Oort, je donne une description des classes de conjugaison des series au moyens de vecteurs de Witt de longueur finie. Nous developpons certains outils permettant de constuire une bijection entre un ensemble A n de vecteurs de Witt et un ensemble X n de couples constitues d'une extension L/K cyclique totalement ramifiee de degre p n et d'un generateur du groupe de Galois. Nous pouvons definir pour chaque element de A n une suite de sauts de ramification. Nous pouvons egalement decrire une seconde bijection entre y n et les orbites A n sous une certaine action de groupe. Les sauts de ramification d'une serie appartenant a Y n peuvent etre retrouves grâce aux composantes du vecteur de Witt correspondant dans A n .

Background Adolescents in Youth Protection facilities are a vulnerable population, with difficult life trajectories; many of their behaviours are health compromising. Method Youth aged 14–17, living in semi-urban and urban youth centers in Quebec were recruited on a volunteer basis to participate in the study. Socio-demographic, drug use, sexual behaviours and health service utilisation data were obtained using a structured, face-to-face interview. A urine sample was collected to test for chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Results Between July 2008 and May 2009, 578 youth were interviewed—(♂—58 %); median age—♂—16; ♀—15. The majority of youth were sexually active (89%); two thirds experienced voluntary coitarche before 14 years of age. Median number of lifetime partners was 6 (♂—8, ♀—5). Over a third (41%) reported group sexual activities. A large proportion of youth experienced 50% or more of their sexual activities under the influence of alcohol—18%, cannabis—37%, other drugs—18%. Lifetime history of “never or rarely” using condoms was 24.7% for vaginal relations and 42.1% for anal relations (♂—33%, ♀—55%). Protection used during last vaginal activity was—double protection (condom and another contraceptive method)—25%; condom only—32%; contraceptive method without condom—20%; no protection—24%. A quarter of girls (28%) and boys (27%) reported an unplanned pregnancy (lifetime). Prevalence of chlamydia was—girls 9%, boys 1.9%. No cases of gonorrhoea were documented. Conclusions Youth in Quebec care centers report many risky sexual behaviours, often associated with drug and alcohol use. Only a quarter of youth used protection to prevention both STIs and pregnancy during their last sexual activity. Their sejour in residential care is an opportune moment to screen these youth for risk behaviours that may compromise their future health and to provide them with personalised prevention education and health services adapted to their reality.

Les reconfigurations sociospatiales des territoires québécois nous forcent à réétudier l’urbain et la façon dont il est représenté aujourd’hui. Cet article vise à faire ressortir les grandes représentations de l’urbanité contemporaine qui circulent dans l’espace social québécois grâce à la méthode de la cartographie conceptuelle. Par l’entremise de deux groupes de discussion, une gamme de représentations sociales véhiculées par de jeunes Montréalais et de jeunes Bas-Laurentiens a été répertoriée et mise sous forme de cartes conceptuelles. Des divergences et des similitudes quant aux représentations de la vie en ville sont apparues en confrontant les régimes discursifs des urbains et des ruraux. Les retombées de cette recherche pourraient se traduire par la mise en oeuvre de politiques gouvernementales davantage adaptées aux réalités actuelles de l’urbanité., The socio-territorial reconfiguration of Quebec province forces us to re-examine the very nature of urban space and the way it is represented today. The aim of this article is to shed light on current social representation of urbanity by applying the method of concept mapping. Via two “focus groups”, it was possible to index a range of social representations, provided by youths originating from Montreal and from Bas-Saint-Laurent. These were then put into conceptual maps. An analysis of discursive frameworks allowed us to identify divergences and similarities in the perception of urban space by these two groups. The results of this research could be used to set up government policies that are better adapted to present-day urban reality.