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In the face of escalating climate change impacts, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations present a comprehensive blueprint for achieving a better and more sustainable future for all. The wine industry, with its extensive global reach and significant economic impact, holds a unique position to contribute toward these goals. This review examines how the wine industry can, directly and indirectly, support all 17 SDGs through a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating extensive literature analysis. The study explores the alignment of wine industry practices with the SDGs across three key pillars: social, environmental, and governance goals. Social initiatives focus on enhancing livelihoods, food security, fair and safe working conditions, inclusive and ethical development among the workers and communities, education, and economic growth. Environmental efforts emphasize reducing the industry’s carbon footprint, conserving water, improving water and energy use efficiency, improving grapevine resilience against adverse environmental conditions, minimizing pollution, protecting biodiversity, creating more sustainable cities, and promoting moderate wine consumption. Governance goals highlight the importance of regulatory frameworks, wine industry standards, and stakeholder engagement in promoting sustainable, responsible and ethical practices, contributing to effective partnerships and institutional capacity. Conclusions highlight the wine industry’s commitment to sustainability as a catalyst for positive change, demonstrating that profitability and environmental stewardship can coexist. Future perspectives call for enhanced collaboration, research, education, supportive policies, robust monitoring, and equality initiatives. By embracing sustainable practices, the wine industry can play a vital role in advancing the global agenda for a more equitable, resilient, and sustainable future.

Summary: In rats, cannulation of the jugular vein and the carotid artery precedes the use of the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp to determine insulin sensitivity in vivo. Here, we present a vascular surgery protocol to allow the infusion of substances via the vein and the collection of blood samples from the artery on the day of the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. We describe steps for preparing for and performing catheterization surgery. We then detail procedures for clamp preparation and its use.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Pereira et al.1,2,3 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

Olive cultivation, an icon of Mediterranean agriculture, economy, and cultural heritage, faces significant challenges due to climate change and soil degradation. Climate projections indicate that altered precipitation patterns, rising temperatures, and increased frequency of extreme weather events will adversely affect olive tree growth, fruit quality, and yield. This review provides a novel perspective on addressing these challenges through both long-term and short-term adaptation strategies, emphasizing innovative products, advanced technologies, and practical solutions that must work synergistically and be tailored to regional conditions. Long-term practices refer to proactive strategies for enduring climate resilience, including cover cropping, mulching, soil amendments, and breeding programs which enhance soil health, improve water retention, and increase the trees’ resilience. Short-term strategies focus on immediate impacts, offering immediate stress relief and enhanced plant physiological responses, including optimized irrigation systems, pruning management, particle coating films, biostimulants, and plant growth regulators. The review underscores the importance of aligning agricultural practices with sustainability goals and evolving environmental policies and the education of farmers and policymakers. By integrating adaptive practices and technological advancements, the olive sector can better address climate challenges, contribute to global food security, and advance environmental sustainability.

Solar radiation and temperature play crucial roles in grapevine metabolic processes and are known to have a positive impact on grape berry composition; however, excessive exposure to these factors can be detrimental. Kaolin-based particle film technology has emerged as a valuable solution for mitigating the effects of heat and water stresses in vineyards. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of kaolin application on the phenolic composition, chromatic characteristics, oenological parameters, volatile compounds and sensory profile of red wine. The study was carried out in one growing season in the commercial vineyard "Quinta dos Aciprestes" in the Douro Superior sub-region. Twelve rows in triplicate of the Touriga-Nacional variety underwent foliar kaolin treatment (applied at the pre-veraison stage, at the manufacturer-recommended and -tested dosage of 5 % (w/v)), and another twelve rows comprised the non-treated control group. Kaolin increased the phenolic compound and tartaric acid concentrations (2.4 % and 20.8 % respectively), total acidity (2.4 %), the deep reddish colour of the berries, total and coloured anthocyanin (2.8 %), and total and polymeric pigments (3.6 %); meanwhile, a decrease was observed in pH (-1.4 %) and alcoholic degree (-4.8 %). No significant differences were observed in any sensory parameters between the wine from the kaolin-treated and control vines, but the tasters found the aroma of the former to be fruitier and more complex, with an agreeable acidic taste and persistence. It was possible to group the volatile compounds into two distinct groups based on the results of the Pearson’s correlation matrix. This grouping corresponds to the sensory descriptors common to each of the respective volatiles. Overall, the results further support the potential efficacy of utilising kaolin to alleviate summer-related stress in grapevines.

Plant nutrition through fertilizer application plays a crucial role in enhancing crop quality and yield, necessitating a balanced fertilization approach. Sweet cherry, esteemed as one of the most prized crops worldwide, was the focus of this three-year study spanning from 2019 to 2021, involving the sweet cherry cultivar Burlat. This study investigated the foliar application of magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) to enhance fruit quality parameters. Different doses of Mg (250 g hL−1 and 125 g hL−1) and K (100 g hL−1 and 50 g hL−1) and a control treatment were administered to sweet cherry trees to assess their impact on fruit quality. At the commercial ripening stage, fruits from each treatment were harvested for comprehensive evaluation, including biometric and chromatic parameters, fruit firmness, routine parameters, sensory profile, and nutrient content analysis. Results from the study revealed notable enhancements in fruit weight and dimensions, particularly in the control treatment in 2020. Furthermore, Mg125 and Mg250 treatments exhibited improved color development and accelerated maturity by increasing the total soluble solids content while decreasing titratable acidity. Sensorial profiling indicated that Mg125 and Mg250 treatments intensified color intensity and sweet taste while mitigating sour taste perceptions. Conversely, potassium fertilization, especially the K50 treatment, led to increased fruit firmness and nutrient content. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing sweet cherry production practices globally.

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder of lipid metabolism caused by pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes. Variants in FH-phenocopy genes (LDLRAP1, APOE, LIPA, ABCG5, and ABCG8), polygenic hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] can also mimic a clinical FH phenotype. We aim to present a new diagnostic tool to unravel the genetic background of clinical FH phenotype. Biochemical and genetic study was performed in 1,005 individuals with clinical diagnosis of FH, referred to the Portuguese FH Study. A next-generation sequencing panel, covering eight genes and eight SNPs to determine LDL-C polygenic risk score and LPA genetic score, was validated, and used in this study. FH was genetically confirmed in 417 index cases: 408 heterozygotes and 9 homozygotes. Cascade screening increased the identification to 1,000 FH individuals, including 11 homozygotes. FH-negative individuals (phenotype positive and genotype negative) have Lp(a) >50 mg/dl (30%), high polygenic risk score (16%), other monogenic lipid metabolism disorders (1%), and heterozygous pathogenic variants in FH-phenocopy genes (2%). Heterozygous variants of uncertain significance were identified in primary genes (12%) and phenocopy genes (7%). Overall, 42% of our cohort was genetically confirmed with FH. In the remaining individuals, other causes for high LDL-C were identified in 68%. Hyper-Lp(a) or polygenic hypercholesterolemia may be the cause of the clinical FH phenotype in almost half of FH-negative individuals. A small part has pathogenic variants in ABCG5/ABCG8 in heterozygosity that can cause hypercholesterolemia and should be further investigated. This extended next-generation sequencing panel identifies individuals with FH and FH-phenocopies, allowing to personalize each person’s treatment according to the affected pathway.

Sweet cherry trees are one of the most important crops worldwide, producing fruits with high economic importance due to the nutritional value and bioactive properties of cherries, providing benefits to human health. Due to the currently unstable climatic conditions, cherry cracking has become a significant problem, strongly affecting the quality and yield of cherry orchards. A cracking rate of 20–25% at harvest can render cherry production unprofitable, decreasing the commercial value of the fruit, as only the cracked ones can be sold to processing industries. This study aims to assess the impact of calcium- and seaweed-based biostimulant applications on sweet cherry quality and profitability in cv. Sweetheart. Applying 300 g hL−1 of calcium led to a significant 52% reduction in the cracking index and a substantial 136% increase in orchard yield. Similarly, applying 150 mL hL−1 of seaweed resulted in a 2% increase in fruit weight and a 3% decrease in the cracking index. Therefore, our findings suggest that calcium- and seaweed-based biostimulants could serve as novel and sustainable alternatives for orchard producers, enhancing cherry profitability and marketability.

This study investigates the internal architecture of Asian hornet nests (AHNs) using advanced imaging techniques, such as CT scanning and X-ray radiography, to understand their construction and function. The primary objective and significance of this study centre on drawing inspiration from the creative way Asian hornets construct their nests, with a particular focus on the architecture, design, functionality, and building materials of these nests. The architectural principles governing the construction of these nests, such as the arrangement of hexagonal cells, pedicels for load bearing, and adhesive materials, serve as a source of inspiration for innovative and sustainable design practices. The pedicels in Asian hornet nests play a crucial role in transferring load and ensuring stability. Additionally, AHNs’ adhesion to tree branches is essential for preventing collapse, and the pedicels provide necessary structural support. The knowledge gained from studying AHNs’ internal architecture could be applied directly to the architecture and civil engineering fields to improve structure stability and durability. The microstructure analysis of the paper-like material that hornets produce to build their nests indicates a complex and heterogeneous structure, composed of various plant fragments and fibres. This unique composition creates intricate grooves and pores, which are essential for regulating temperature and humidity levels within the outer envelope of the nest. The study of Asian hornet nests’ internal structure demonstrated that nature’s engineering principles inspire the design of durable and resilient structures in the construction industry. Civil engineers can incorporate similar principles into their designs to enhance the structural integrity and performance of buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure.

The Douro Demarcated Region (DDR) has peculiar edaphoclimatic characteristics that provide a suitable terroir for premium wine production. As climate change effects continue to emerge, ensuring productivity and quality becomes increasingly important for viticulturists, as those directly determine their profits. Cultural approaches, such as the use of biostimulants, are actively being developed to mitigate abiotic stress. The main objective of this work was to assess the effect of foliar sprays of a seaweed (Ascophyllum nodosum)-based extract (ANE) and glycine betaine (GB) on grape berry quality, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity. A trial was installed in a commercial vineyard (cv. ‘Touriga Franca’) in the Douro Superior (Upper Douro) sub-region of the Douro Demarcated Region. In 2020 and 2021, three foliar sprayings were performed during the growing season, namely at pea size, bunch closure, and veraison. There was a positive effect of both biostimulants (ANE and GB) on the physiological and biochemical performance of cv. ‘Touriga Franca’ exposed to summer stress. In general, the GB 0.2% spraying was the most promising treatment for this grape cultivar, as it increased berry quality, the concentration of bioactive compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, and ortho-diphenols), and the antioxidant activity. These results revealed the efficacy of biostimulant sprayings as a sustainable viticultural practice, improving berry quality under summer stress conditions.

Abstract Although innate immunity is linked to metabolic health, the effect of leptin signaling in cells from the innate immune system on glucose homeostasis has not been thoroughly investigated. We generated two mouse models using Cre-lox methodology to determine the effect of myeloid cell-specific leptin receptor (Lepr) reconstitution and Lepr knockdown on in vivo glucose metabolism. Male mice with myeloid cell-specific Lepr reconstitution (Lyz2Cre + Lepr loxTB/loxTB ) had better glycemic control as they aged compared to male mice with whole-body transcriptional blockade of Lepr (Lyz2Cre − Lepr loxTB/loxTB ). In contrast, Lyz2Cre + Lepr loxTB/loxTB females only had a trend for diminished hyperglycemia after a prolonged fast. During glucose tolerance tests, Lyz2Cre + Lepr loxTB/loxTB males had a mildly improved plasma glucose profile compared to Cre − controls while Lyz2Cre + Lepr loxTB/loxTB females had a similar glucose excursion to their Cre − controls. Myeloid cell-specific Lepr knockdown (Lyz2Cre + Lepr flox/flox ) did not significantly alter body weight, blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, or glucose tolerance in males or females. Expression of the cytokine interleukin 10 (anti-inflammatory) tended to be higher in adipose tissue of male Lyz2Cre + Lepr loxTB/loxTB mice (p = 0.0774) while interleukin 6 (pro-inflammatory) was lower in male Lyz2Cre + Lepr flox/flox mice (p

Case report: A 20-year-old woman was referred to our tertiary center due to hydrops fetalis (HF) diagnosed at 24 weeks of gestation. She had severe acne and underwent treatment with isotretinoin up to a month before pregnancy. The parents were consanguineous. The third trimester ultrasound revealed median volume ascites and generalized subcutaneous edema. Maternal parvovirus B19 serologies showed positive IgG and IgM antibodies. Elective caesarean section was performed at 30 weeks, demanding immediate postnatal resuscitation, including mechanical ventilation and evacuation paracentesis. The newborn had coarse facies, subcutaneous edema, marked abdominal distention, abdominal telangiectasias, mild hypertrophy of the labia minora, short long bones and fourth right toe clinodactyly. The HF next generation sequencing (NGS) gene panel identified a homozygous variant in exon 3 of the CTSA gene [NM_000308.4:c.254G>T p.(G85V)]. Biochemical lysosomal study of cultivated amniocytes confirmed the diagnosis of galactosialidosis (GS). Follow-up and palliative care by a multidisciplinary team ensued. Parental genetic testing confirmed carrier status for the aforementioned variant and further genetic counseling was provided. Discussion: Elucidation of the etiology of non-immune HF is essential for determining treatment and prognosis. Despite being extremely rare, GS is one of the most common lysosomal storage diseases. An early diagnosis allows for better care as well as genetic counseling for future pregnancies. An experienced multidisciplinary team is essential for optimal management.

Plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) are elevated in obesity and can induce insulin resistance via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, it is unknown whether hepatic insulin resistance caused by the elevation of plasma FFAs is alleviated by chemical chaperones. Rats received one of the following i.v. treatments for 48 h: saline, intralipid plus heparin (IH), IH plus the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA), or PBA alone and a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was performed during the last 2 h. PBA co-infusion normalized IH-induced peripheral insulin resistance, similar to our previous findings with an antioxidant and an IκBα kinase β (IKKβ) inhibitor. Different from our previous results with the antioxidant and IKKβ inhibitor, PBA also improved IH-induced hepatic insulin resistance in parallel with activation of Akt. Unexpectedly, IH did not induce markers of ER stress in the liver, but PBA prevented IH-induced elevation of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-2α protein in adipose tissue. PBA tended to decrease circulating fetuin-A and significantly increased circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) without affecting markers of activation of hepatic protein kinase C-δ or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase that we have previously involved in hepatic insulin resistance in this model. In conclusion: (i) PBA prevented hepatic insulin resistance caused by prolonged plasma FFA elevation without affecting hepatic ER stress markers; (ii) the PBA effect is likely due to increased FGF21 and/or decreased fetuin-A, which directly signal to upregulate Akt activation.

Introdução: Os sistemas de informação têm cada vez mais destaque nas organizações, uma vez que se tornaram um recurso primordial na gestão dos serviços de saúde e nas estratégias de ação. Um dos principais objetivos dos sistemas de informação na saúde é promover a continuidade dos cuidados, sendo para isso necessário cumprir requisitos estruturais e de conteúdos que possibilitem a sua interoperabilidade entre os vários intervenientes. Objetivo: Conhecer a evidência existente sobre as vantagens de um sistema de informação partilhado em enfermagem. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, com utilização da plataforma EBSCOhost e com a pesquisa das palavras-chave “shar* information” presente no título AND “nursing” presente no resumo. Resultados: A existência de um sistema de informação partilhado traz vantagens para o cliente, para o cuidador e para o profissional de saúde, que passam pela melhoria da comunicação entre todos os intervenientes e pela possibilidade de mantê-lo informado sobre o seu estado de saúde, promovendo a sua literacia e capacidade de adesão ao plano de tratamento, bem como a adoção de comportamentos saudáveis. Conclusão: A existência de um sistema de informação de qualidade, disponibilizado de forma simples, uniforme e segura, possibilita o acesso aos dados de saúde, de forma controlada, tanto por parte dos profissionais de saúde, como do cidadão, facilitando o acompanhamento do estado de saúde.

Orchard net cover improves plant physiology, yield and fruit quality, pest and disease control, and anticipates fruit ripening. Moreover, this crop technology has been used to reduce natural cherry cracking (NCC). This is a serious physiological disorder that cracks the epidermis, the hypodermis, and the storage parenchyma layers of the fruit due to rainfall events near the harvest and it is related to low fruit osmotic potential and/or high fruit water permeability. This work aims to study the effect of orchard net cover on sweet cherry trees, cv. Early Bigi, in two harvesting years (2019 and 2021). The NCC, the induced cracking index (CI), and the cracking type incidence were determined. In addition, epicuticular and intra-cuticular wax content, biometric and physicochemical parameters were also evaluated. Net cover reduced the natural cracking index by 40%. High fruit weight values were observed in covered trees comparing to the control ones, with increases of 45% and 13%, in 2019 and 2021, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between CI and total soluble solids and a negative correlation between CI and wax content. Therefore, with forecasts of worsening heavy precipitation events near harvest, protecting cherry trees with nets will increase resistance to fruit cracking.

Enquadramento: a COVID-19 condicionou o normal funcionamento dos serviços de saúde, obrigando a uma restruturação na capacidade assistencial dos mesmos, especificamente das unidades de reabilitação cardíaca. Objetivos: avaliar o impacte da pandemia na qualidade de vida e nível de atividade física de doentes em programa de reabilitação cardíaca. Metodologia: estudo descritivo transversal. Foram contactados telefonicamente todos os doentes que tiveram de interromper o programa de reabilitação cardíaca hospitalar num hospital da zona norte do pais, avaliando o seu nível de qualidade de vida, com recurso ao questionário EURO-QoL 5D. O rastreio da prática de atividade física foi igualmente efetuado através de um questionário elaborado pelos autores para o efeito. Resultados: foram contactados 37 doentes, maioritariamente do género masculino (81%,1). A qualidade de vida percecionada é significativamente reduzida, sendo o cuidado pessoal o mais afetado. O índice médio de qualidade de vida obtido é de 0,850. Os doentes realizam um nível insuficiente de atividade física, com base nas recomendações europeias. Conclusão: os doentes que interromperam o programa de reabilitação cardíaca, apresentam um nível reduzido de qualidade de vida associado a uma gestão ineficaz do seu regime terapêutico, como consequência da pandemia.

The accumulation of marine biofouling on ship hulls causes material damage, the spread of invasive species, and, indirectly, an increase in full consumption and subsequent pollutant gas emissions. Most efficient antifouling (AF) strategies rely on the conventional release of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic biocides incorporated in marine coatings. A simple oxygenated xanthone, 3,4-dihydroxyxanthone (1), was previously reported as a promising AF agent toward the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae, with a therapeutic ratio higher than the commercial biocide Econea®. In this work, a structure-AF activity relationship study, an evaluation of environmental fate, and an AF efficiency in marine coatings were performed with compound 1. Hydroxy or methoxy groups at 3 and 4 positions in compound 1 favored AF activity, and groups with higher steric hindrances were detrimental. Compound 1 demonstrated low water-solubility and a short half-life in natural seawater, contrary to Econea®. In silico environmental fate predictions showed that compound 1 does not bioaccumulate in organism tissues, in contrast to other current emerging biocides, has a moderate affinity for sediments and slow migrates to ground water. No toxicity was observed against Vibrio fischeri and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Polyurethane-based marine coatings containing compound 1 prepared through an innovative non-release-strategy were as efficient as those containing Econea® with low releases to water after 45 days. This proof-of-concept helped to establish compound 1 as a promising eco-friendly AF agent.

A significação do risco não gera consenso, quer junto da comunidade científica, quer entre decisores/reguladores e os media, sem esquecer o público leigo - no limite, a população que se pretende (in)formada e ativamente envolvida no processo de mitigação dos riscos. Urge comungar a noção de risco, aproximando perceções de peritos e leigos. A essa relação de concordância dos níveis de conhecimento, chama-se comunicação do risco. A prática de uma comunicação integrada do risco, estrategicamente direcionada para diferentes níveis de consciência e informação, constitui-se um meio eficaz na compreensão, avaliação e ação sobre os riscos. Tal comunicação aproxima-se do ideal de governança do risco, na qualidade de canal de troca de (in)formações e opiniões entre stakeholders para que convirjam decisões face aos comportamentos a implementar. Neste artigo, a partir do estudo da comunicação de uma autarquia local, traz-se a debate o papel que as Relações Públicas poderão desempenhar na antecipação do risco, bem como na capacitação das partes interessadas numa resposta concertada e atempada às diferentes interpretações dos perigos e incertezas da sociedade atual.

Summary: miRNAs have crucial functions in many biological processes and are candidate biomarkers of disease. Here, we show that miR-216a is a conserved, pancreas-specific miRNA with important roles in pancreatic islet and acinar cells. Deletion of miR-216a in mice leads to a reduction in islet size, β-cell mass, and insulin levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a subpopulation of β-cells with upregulated acinar cell markers under a high-fat diet. miR-216a is induced by TGF-β signaling, and inhibition of miR-216a increases apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation in pancreatic cells. Deletion of miR-216a in the pancreatic cancer-prone mouse line KrasG12D;Ptf1aCreER reduces the propensity of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions. Notably, circulating miR-216a levels are elevated in both mice and humans with pancreatic cancer. Collectively, our study gives insights into how β-cell mass and acinar cell growth are modulated by a pancreas-specific miRNA and also suggests miR-216a as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.

Analisa-se, neste trabalho, o papel de metonímias e metáforas na organização conceptual de uma das interações do Banco de dados interacionais (RONCARATI, 1996), com vistas a descrever (i) as funções das metonímias com base em Littlemore (2015) e (ii) a relação entre as metonímias e as metáforas propostas. Além da função basilar da metonímia, no âmbito da Linguística Cognitiva, como processo cognitivo em que uma entidade dirige a atenção, ou dá acesso mental, à outra entidade, postulou-se as seguintes funções mais recorrentes na interação: (i) base para destaques e conceptualização (construal); (ii) referência anafórica, coesão e coerência; (iii) referência exofórica; (iv) construção e estabelecimento de relações entre comunidades discursivas; (v) avaliação; e (vi) humor. A partir dessas funções metonímicas, buscou-se aventar um papel basilar das metonímias em relação às metáforas, por meio dos elementos dos MCIs ativados para construção de sentidos e dos elementos do cenário destacados nas expressões metafonímicas.

The effects of climate change are increasingly noticed worldwide, and crops are likely to be impacted in direct and indirect ways. Thus, it is urgent to adopt pliable strategies to reduce and/or mitigate possible adverse effects to meet the growing demand for sustainable and resilient food production. Monoculture cropping is globally the most common production system. However, adaptation to ongoing climate change, namely, to more extreme environmental conditions, has renewed the interest in other practices such as agroforestry, agroecology, and permaculture. This article provides an overview of ecological and physiological interactions between trees and crops in Mediterranean agroforestry systems and compares them with those from monocultures. The advantages and disadvantages of both systems are explored. The added value of modeling in understanding the complexity of interactions within agroforestry systems, supporting decision-making under current and future weather conditions, is also pinpointed. Several interactions between trees and crops might occur in agroforestry systems, leading to mutual positive and/or negative effects on growth, physiology, and yield. In this sense, selecting the most suitable combination of tree/crop species in mixtures may be best be indicated by complementary traits, which are crucial to maximizing trade-offs, improving productivity, ecosystem services, and environmental sustainability.

Although combining case study teaching with group learning is a popular approach for teaching business courses, pedagogical challenges arise, particularly in undergraduate classes. To address these challenges, we developed an instructional innovation called the Team-Based Learning and Evaluation (TaBLE) Case Method, which increased student engagement and deepened learning in an undergraduate introductory management course. The TaBLE Case Method is built upon specific principles of team-based learning, and comprises phases that meld together individual preparation and group participation before, during and after class. Our evaluation of the TaBLE Case Method highlights how it enhances group learning by: increasing student motivation to prepare, attend and engage; creating individual accountability for group goals; fostering critical thinking and creative debate; and making theory-practice links more visible. We also discuss the method's "shadowsides" and limitations, and provide guidance on how the method can be adapted for a variety of class sizes and delivery modes.

Relações culturais estão presentes na língua e podem ser compreendidas por processos metafóricos e metonímicos, que descrevem como o mundo é conceptualizado. Diante dessa relação entre língua e cultura, analisamos 14 sinais da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras), relacionados à religião. Com base em um estudo qualitativo, os sinais foram coletados do programa “A Vida em Libras”, do Instituto Nacional de Educação – INES. À luz de pressupostos teóricos da Linguística Cognitiva, são tomadas como base as Teorias da Metáfora Conceptual, da Metonímia Conceptual (LAKOFF, JONHSON, 1980) e da Iconicidade Cognitiva (WILCOX, 2004; NUNES, 2014) para análise de sinais da Libras (BRITO, 2010 [1995]). Dentre os sinais religiosos selecionados para estudo, foram observados processos metafóricos e metonímicos na conceptualização proposta. Dessa forma, a análise desses processos linguístico-cognitivos é um caminho nos estudos linguísticos para compreender a produção de sinais em Libras.

Analyzes a religious imprint meme, created from the image traditionally conveyed in advertising Skol beer, based on theories of metaphor and conceptual blending (Lakoff & Johnson, 2002 [1980], FAUCONNIER; Turner, 2002). On a yellow background instead of the arrow with rounded red line pointing down around the name of the drink, is an arrow Red also forming angles of the base of a semi-open square, pointing up, around the word "heaven ". Below this image is the phrase "I prefer to go up square than to descend round". Among other possible assignments of meaning, an immediate relationship between the slogan and Skol evangelical dogmas about the straight posture and without vices to reach the sky was established. These two types of stored knowledge led to the opening of two mental spaces of input: the first compound of elements linked to the religious message and the second with elements related to the beer slogan. A generic space is open, bringing together elements common to both inputs and the conventional metaphorical conceptualization that BOM IS UP and BAD IS DOWN. The sense that the sky will only be achieved through a hard, square way, results from complex compressions between mental and intraespaços selectively projected onto the mixture space: ANALOGY, DISANALOGY, CAUSE-EFFECT, CHANGE, IDENTITY, SINGULARITY, INTENTIONALITY, MEMORY , LIFE'S HISTORY. It is a single-scope integration network in which the input on the advertisement serves as the source for the input of the meme message.

Neste trabalho, descreve-se o estatuto morfossemântico das formações lexicais terminadas em -lândia em português: suas características formais e as extensões de significado operadas ao longo do tempo. Para representar os aspectos fonológicos e morfológicos relevantes dessas formações, utilizamos o modelo de Booij (2005, 2010), denominado Morfologia Construcional. Por sua vez, as características semântico-cognitivas de X-(o)lândia são abordadas à luz da Teoria da Mesclagem Conceptual, de Fauconnier e Turner (2002), observando que domínios estão envolvidos e como se dá o processamento na mescla. Contamos com um corpus constituído de 114 palavras, extraídas principalmente de dicionários eletrônicos, como o Aurélio e o Houaiss. Procuramos mostrar que as novas formações diferem das mais antigas não apenas por apresentar a vogal fronteiriça -o- (cf. ‘Ceilândia’ vc. ‘cracolândia’), mas, sobretudo, porque ativam um frame que leva o produto a nomear locais de aglomeração, como ‘macacolândia’ (“local repleto de pessoas de cor negra”) e ‘macholândia’ (“lugar de reunião de heterossexuais masculinos para diversão e lazer”). No caso dos oniônimos, como ‘sushilândia’ (“restaurante de comida oriental”), a mescla é feita por completamento, enquanto, nas formações X-olândia, dá-se com elaboração. A principal diferença entre esses dois últimos usos recentes é a expressão de ponto de vista, pois X-olândia remete a formas quase sempre avaliadas negativamente pelo conceptualizador: não são lugares circunscritos, sendo, antes, percebidos como áreas com grande contingente de elementos depreciados pelo nomeador.

In this paper, the morfo-semantics statute of the lexical formations ending in -land in Portuguese is described: their formal characteristics and their extensions of meaning operated over time. To represent the relevant phonological and morphological aspects of these formations, we apply the Booij model (2005, 2010), called Construction Morphology. In turn, the semantic-cognitive aspects of X-(o)lândia are addressed by means of Fauconnier & Turner’s (2002) Conceptual Blending Theory. We intend to show which cognitive domains are involved and how blending occurs. To this, we have a corpus consisting of 114 words, extracted mainly from electronic dictionaries, such as Aurélio and Houaiss. We try to show that the new formations differ from the older ones not only by the frontier vowel -o- (see ‘Ceilândia’ vc. ‘Cracolândia’), but above all because they activate a frame that allows naming places of agglomeration, such as ‘macacolândia’ (‘place full of black people’) and ‘macholândia’ (‘meeting place of heterosexual males for fun and leisure’). In the case of the onyonyms, such as ‘sushilândia’ (‘oriental food restaurant’), the blending is made by completion, while in the X-olandia formations it is made by elaboration. The main difference between these last two recent uses is the expression of point of view, since X-olândia refers to forms almost always evaluated negatively by the conceptualizer: they are not circumscribed places, being perceived as areas with a large contingent of elements depreciated by the speaker.

Biofouling, which occurs when certain marine species attach and accumulate in artificial submerged structures, represents a serious economic and environmental issue worldwide. The discovery of new non-toxic and eco-friendly antifouling systems to control or prevent biofouling is, therefore, a practical and urgent need. In this work, the antifouling activity of a series of 24 xanthones, with chemical similarities to natural products, was exploited. Nine (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 19, 21, and 23) of the tested xanthones presented highly significant anti-settlement responses at 50 μM against the settlement of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis larvae and low toxicity to this macrofouling species. Xanthones 21 and 23 emerged as the most effective larval settlement inhibitors (EC50 = 7.28 and 3.57 µM, respectively). Additionally, xanthone 23 exhibited a therapeutic ratio (LC50/EC50) > 15, as required by the US Navy program attesting its suitability as natural antifouling agents. From the nine tested xanthones, none of the compounds were found to significantly inhibit the growth of the marine biofilm-forming bacterial strains tested. Xanthones 4, 6, 8, 16, 19, 21, and 23 were found to be non-toxic to the marine non-target species Artemia salina (21 and 23 suggest that these two compounds affected similar molecular targets and cellular processes in mussel larvae, including that related to mussel adhesion capacity. This work exposes for the first time the relevance of C-1 aminated xanthones with a 3,4-dioxygenated pattern of substitution as new non-toxic products to prevent marine biofouling.

The cherry rootstock influences the performance of the scion cultivar. It has an effect on cherry fruit quality, tree growth, yield and yield efficiency and floral and foliar nutrition. In this work, the influence of Saint Lucie 64 and Maxma 60 rootstocks on the fruit quality traits of cv. Early Bigi was evaluated. For this, several parameters, namely fruit weight (FW) and size (FS), soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), flesh firmness (FF), epidermis rupture force (ERF), color and sensory profile, were assessed. Results showed that the fruits from trees on Saint Lucie 64 presented higher FF and ERF values and, consequently, better texture. On the other hand, fruits from trees on Maxma 60 showed sweeter cherries (higher SSC). Moreover, these trees presented the darkest cherries (lower values of L*, a*, b*, C* and hue°) and the highest SSC. Therefore, although the trees on Saint Lucie 64 produced firmer cherries, it was those with the Maxma 60 rootstock that produced sweeter and darker fruits. In conclusion, both scion–rootstock combinations proved to be good options for the region of Resende.

Em pesquisa de mestrado (FREITAS, 2017), observaram-se os processos cognitivos que subjazem à construção de sentidos de piadas com emprego de nomes populares dados à vulva e ao pênis. Os dados, analisados fundamentalmente sob a ótica da Teoria da Metáfora Conceptual (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980) e da Teoria da Integração Conceptual (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002), demonstram depreciação nos nomes dados à vulva em oposição aos nomes dados a pênis. Verificou-se, com base nesses dados, que o acionamento do conhecimento convencionalizado dos falantes relativo a determinadas partes do corpo perpassa pelo âmbito do tabu linguístico (ULLMANN, 1966; GUÉRIOS, 1979). Nesse sentido, existem formas de contornar a restrição vocabular, utilizando-se de comparações que se pautam, predominantemente, em relações vitais de REPRESENTAÇÃO e ANALOGIA (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002). Além disso, constatou-se que, para contornar a restrição vocabular moralmente estabelecida, são ativadas metáforas conceptuais gerais dos tipos PESSOA É OBJETO, (PARTE DO) CORPO HUMANO É OBJETO, PESSOA É ANIMAL, (PARTE DO) CORPO HUMANO É ANIMAL e (PARTE DO CORPO DA) PESSOA É PLANTA, que estruturam metáforas conceptuais mais específicas, tais como PÊNIS É OBJETO ERETO E RIJO, PÊNIS É OBJETO CILÍNDRICO E RETO, PÊNIS É AVE, VULVA É OBJETO CURVO, VULVA É MATAGAL e VULVA É RECEPTÁCULO DO PÊNIS. Pretende-se, com este trabalho, ilustrar a conceptualização dos nomes dados à vulva sob a perspectiva da construção da identidade de gênero, levando-se em consideração os valores culturais e experienciais subjacentes a essas metáforas do pensamento e, consequentemente, a tais designações de valor depreciativo.

O artigo discute interfaces do pensar comunicativo em torno do duplo eixo Comunicação-Comunicação Digital. O arcabouço teórico a respaldar a trajetória reflexiva enseja análise de implicações relacionadas à ideia do estar juntos no mundo contemporâneo, tais como o uso intensivo das tecnologias digitais, a problemática do receptor, a questão da alteridade no ecossistema comunicativo e o papel da universidade nesse contexto. Os aspectos conclusivos apontam para a atenção necessária aos fatores limitantes do processo comunicacional “moderno”, ao qual se agrega a pressão ininterrupta de interfaces digitais cada vez mais rápidas que, entretanto, não se mostram inteiramente capazes de impedir a incomunicação do indivíduo multiconectado.

O artigo visa problematizar o campo da comunicação na obra de Célestin Freinet, analisando a inter-relação entre educação e comunicação no pensamento educacional do autor. Destaca-se nas obras do educador francês o entendimento da comunicação não somente como mídia - ainda que tenha sido um dos maiores divulgadores de técnicas pedagógicas como o jornal escolar – mas como uma perspectiva teórica e metodológica que edifica seu projeto educativo. O “comunicar-se” alinha-se ao “expressar-se”, “criar, agir e compreender”, “organizar-se” e “avaliar-se”, de modo que a comunicação constitui-se em um eixo e uma finalidade da obra freinetiana. Trata-se de um recorte de tese, com previsão de defesa em março de 2017, que estuda em perspectiva comparada o campo comunicacional como parte da matriz de pensamento na filosofia educacional de John Dewey, Célestin Freinet e Paulo Freire.

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

Based on conceptual metaphor theory (LAKOFF, (2002 [1980]; KÖVECSES, 2010b), metaphorical or potentially metaphorical expressions found in the Banco de Dados Interacionais (RONCARATI, 1996) a volume that contains transcripts of conversations recorded between November 1989 and January 1991 totaling about 270 minutes, are analyzed. Lasting between 5 and 30 minutes, the 13 conversations that make up this volume were segmented in 9927 intonational units (CHAFE, 1988; Du Bois et alii, 1992). Of these units, 82 metaphorical expressions were found that reveal source and target domains widely reported in the literature: PERSON, EMOTION, OBJECT, HUMAN BODY, ECONOMY and ANIMAL. This study confirms assumptions about the theory of conceptual metaphor, in their original linguistic manifestations (or not), with respect to the specifics of their conceptualization contexts in real talk.

We present two cases of misplaced central venous catheters having in common theabsence of free blood return from one lumen immediately after placement. The former is acase of right hydrothorax associated with central venous catheterization with the catheter tipin intra-pleural location. In this case the distal port was never patent. In the latter case therewas an increased aspiration pressure through the middle port due to a catheter looping.The absence of free flow on aspiration from one lumen of a central catheter should not beundervalued. In these circumstances the catheter should not be used and needs to be removed.

Fruit cracking is one of the main concerns in sweet cherry production and is caused by a heavy rainfall before and during the harvest. This physiological disorder leads to severe economic losses, which can be more or less effective depending on the cracked region of the fruit: in the cheeks (side cracks), in the stylar scar region, or in the stem cavity region. Sweet cherry cracking can be affected by several factors such as cultivar, growing conditions, rootstock, fruit size, flesh osmotic potential, cuticular characteristics of the skin, and stage of fruit development. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the cracking incidence in two sweet cherry cultivars (Early Bigi and Lapins grafted on “Saint Lucie 64” rootstock) and correlate the cracking index with other quality parameters. Fruits were harvested on 2 May (cv. Early Bigi) and on 27 May (cv. Lapins) 2019 at their commercial ripening stage. In the field, the total yield and the trunk cross-sectional area were determined for each tree in order to calculate the yield efficiency. In the laboratory, the cracking index was determined in 150 fruits without visual defects. In addition, fruit size and weight, wax content, flesh firmness, epidermis rupture force, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, and maturity index of 30 fruits were also evaluated. In general, all the analyzed quality parameters were influenced by the cultivar, being that cv. Lapins presented larger, heavier, firmer, and sweeter fruits, with more acidity and higher maturation index. However, cv. Lapins also presented higher cracking index, which was positively correlated with all the parameters above-mentioned and negatively correlated with the wax content. In fact, cv. Early Bigi presented a high wax content and simultaneously a low cracking index. The stylar scar region cracks were the most prevalent in both cultivars. These results allowed us to conclude that, in the North Portugal region, the Lapins cherries presented better quality attributes than the Early Bigi cherries. However, the latter are still very valuable to the region due to its early ripening. Additionally, it was also possible to conclude that bigger, firmer, more mature, and with lower wax content cherries were more sensitive to cracking than the smaller fruits, soft-fleshed, less mature, and with higher wax content.

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar el estudio del principal riesgo ambiental de Misiones: las inundaciones, desde la perspectiva teórica de la construcción social del riesgo. En este marco teórico se acuerda con la premisa de que la suma de acciones, decisiones e inacciones que se toman cotidianamente en el territorio constituyen un proceso que conduce a la generación de un riesgo en tanto anticipación del desastre. Siendo también en este marco que se manifiestan las dificultades de la Gestión de Riesgo –GR-. Las inundaciones constituyen la principal causa de desastres en Argentina y Misiones es una de las provincias más afectada del país por los excesos hídricos. Debido a la escasa disponibilidad de publicaciones actualizadas sobre el tema, se utiliza información periodística obtenida on line, desde 2012 hasta fines de 2019, con el registro y análisis de la ocurrencia de inundaciones, sus causas y consecuencia, y el accionar de los agentes involucrados, para observar en forma crítica la coyuntura de la GR, que se evidencia con la asistencia en la emergencia.

Marine organisms, including seagrasses, are important sources of biologically active molecules for the treatment of human diseases. In this study, organic extracts of the marine seagrass Halophila stipulacea obtained by different polarities from leaves (L) and stems (S) (hexane [HL, HS], ethyl acetate [EL, ES], and methanol [ML, MS]) were tested for different bioactivities. The screening comprehended the cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines grown as a monolayer culture or as multicellular spheroids (cancer), glucose uptake in cells (diabetes), reduction of lipid content in fatty acid-overloaded liver cells (steatosis), and lipid-reducing activity in zebrafish larvae (obesity), as well as the antifouling activity against marine bacteria (microfouling) and mussel larval settlement (macrofouling). HL, EL, HS, and ES extracts showed statistically significant cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines. The extracts did not have any significant effect on glucose uptake and on the reduction of lipids in liver cells. The EL and ML extracts reduced neutral lipid contents on the larvae of zebrafish with EC50 values of 2.2 µg/mL for EL and 1.2 µg/mL for ML. For the antifouling activity, the HS and ML extracts showed a significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05) against the settlement of Mytilus galloprovincialis plantigrade larvae. The metabolite profiling using HR-LC-MS/MS and GNPS (The Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking) analyses identified a variety of known primary and secondary metabolites in the extracts, along with some unreported molecules. Various compounds were detected with known activities on cancer (polyphenols: Luteolin, apeginin, matairesinol), on metabolic diseases (polyphenols: cirsimarin, spiraeoside, 2,4-dihydroxyheptadec-16-ynyl acetate; amino acids: N-acetyl-L-tyrosine), or on antifouling (fatty acids: 13-decosenamide; cinnamic acids: 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid, alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic), which could be, in part, responsible for the observed bioactivities. In summary, this study revealed that Halophila stipulacea is a rich source of metabolites with promising activities against obesity and biofouling and suggests that this seagrass could be useful for drug discovery in the future.

Pope Francis’ Encyclical Laudato Si’, albeit not explicitly, has drawn attention worldwide to the access to medicines as a fundamental human right, as it raises awareness about the current situation of the world and the poor. The reflections set forward by the Encyclical Laudato Si’ bring us to the intersections between trade and health care, and how to correctly frame the need for innovation, affordable and accessible health technologies to those in need and how to reach the poorest of the poor. The issues of how to provide access, promote innovation, stimulate reasonable competitive market forces and ensure viable supply are central to the question of how to address Universal Human Rights. Also in this context, intellectual property has gained particular significance with increased attention to new essential medicines for the treatment of diseases of global incidence, including communicable and non-communicable diseases. This article intends to bring elements for a reflection on the debate on universal access to medicines.

Objetivos Comparar a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos entre dois grupos homogêneos de pacientes em diálise, um em hemodiálise (HD) e outro em diálise peritoneal (DP), verificando o possível papel preditor do método, assim como avaliar a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas no diagnóstico deste transtorno. Métodos Amostra envolveu dois grupos homogêneos de pacientes em TRS, 30 em HD e 30 em DP. Aplicou-se o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), escala que avalia a presença e intensidade de sintomas depressivos. Resultados Os grupos apresentavam características sociodemográficas e clínicas semelhantes, exceto quanto à escolaridade. A média de pontos do BDI no grupo HD foi maior que no grupo DP: 12,53 versus 11,13 (p = 0,352). A presença de sintomas depressivos no grupo em HD ocorreu em 36,7% dos pacientes contra apenas 23,3% do grupo DP (OR 1,9 [IC 0,61 – 5,86]). Não houve diferenças quanto às variáveis, exceto escolaridade. Dos pacientes com ensino fundamental I, 52,9% apresentaram sintomas. Nos pacientes com ensino médio ou superior, a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos foi 20% (p = 0,051). Conclusão Houve tendência à ocorrência de sintomas depressivos em pacientes em HD quando comparados aos pacientes em DP. O risco dessa ocorrência foi quase duas vezes maior nos em HD. Menor escolaridade associou-se à ocorrência de sintomas. As médias da pontuação do BDI nos dois grupos não foram significantes.

The cyclic peptides portoamides produced by the cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. LEGE 05292 were previously isolated and their ability to condition microcommunities by allelopathic effect was described. These interesting bioactive properties are, however, still underexplored as their biotechnological applications may be vast. This study aims to investigate the antifouling potential of portoamides, given that a challenge in the search for new environmentally friendly antifouling products is to find non-toxic natural alternatives with the ability to prevent colonization of different biofouling species, from bacteria to macroinvertebrates. A multi-bioassay approach was applied to assess portoamides antifouling properties, marine ecotoxicity and molecular mode of action. Results showed high effectiveness in the prevention of mussel larvae settlement (EC50 = 3.16 µM), and also bioactivity towards growth and biofilm disruption of marine biofouling bacterial strains, while not showing toxicity towards both target and non-target species. Antifouling molecular targets in mussel larvae include energy metabolism modifications (failure in proton-transporting ATPases activity), structural alterations of the gills and protein and gene regulatory mechanisms. Overall, portoamides reveal a broad-spectrum bioactivity towards diverse biofouling species, including a non-toxic and reversible effect towards mussel larvae, showing potential to be incorporated as an active ingredient in antifouling coatings.

The characterization of water and energy consumptions is essential in order to define strategies for their rational use. The way these resources are used in households is the path for efficient and rational management, interdependent from each other. It is believed that there are significant differences between the patterns of water and energy consumption in rural and urban areas, where influencing factors should also be identified. This article aims to provide some preliminary results of a research project named ENERWAT, with the main goal to characterize the relation between water and energy consumption at the end use level for urban and rural environments. One of the goals of the aforementioned project was the design, application, and results analysis of a survey, in order to find the main differences in the water and energy consumptions at the end use level and the factors that influence it in urban and rural households. A total of 245 households participated in the research during 2016 (110 urban dwellings and 135 rural), responding to questions on their family composition, dwellings characterization, water and energy consumption habits, and conservation behaviors of these resources. The project also includes the instrumentation and monitoring of dwellings in rural and urban environments to quantify the water consumption and related energy consumption. This stage is still in progress and includes in situ measurements of nine different households (four in rural and five in urban environments) during at least one year. In this article, some of the results obtained by the survey application and the in situ measurements are presented. Despite the large number of data and the associated complexity, it can be concluded that the joint analysis of the results allows identification of a connection between water and energy consumption, as well as a household’s consumption patterns.

A relação entre a Antropologia e a Educação tem sido marcada por aproximações e distanciamentos que mostram não ser esta uma história pronta e acabada; ao contrário, é ampla, difusa e complexa e, nos últimos anos, temos assistido a um processo de aproximação da Antropologia com a Educação como nunca se viu no Brasil. Mas, se, para a Antropologia brasileira esta parece ser uma nova realidade, outras experiências desenvolvidas na América Latina podem revelar um quadro fecundo ao exercício da reflexão epistemológica em perspectiva comparada. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a relação entre a Antropologia e a Educação, com base na apropriação, por parte de pesquisadores do campo educacional brasileiro e argentino, da etnografia educacional proposta por Elsie Rockwell e Justa Ezpeleta, representantes do Departamento de Investigaciones Educativas (DIE) do Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) do Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) do México.

In this article, we consider about the identity construction of young high school students, community residents remaining Quilombo and the contribution of the school for the construction of such identities. We understand that identities are forged, built or denied within different times and places and always in opposition or contrast to other identities, in a game relational or non-recognition of otherness. Among the results, we emphasize that the school is silent on crop Maroons. In contrast to this reality, students listened value school and education as a necessary means to achieve economic rise and somehow contribute to the progress of the community where they live. Finally, we note that such subjects, despite studying outside their community and a school that does not value their culture, yet they recognize and are proud of the condition of being maroon.

Neste artigo, tecemos considerações a respeito da constituição identitária de jovens alunos do ensino médio, moradores de uma comunidade remanescente de quilombo e a contribuição da instituição escolar para a construção de tais identidades. Entendemos que as identidades são forjadas, construídas ou negadas no interior de diversos tempos e espaços e sempre em oposição ou contraste a outras identidades, num jogo relacional de reconhecimento ou não das alteridades. Dentre os resultados obtidos, destacamos que a escola se silencia diante das culturas quilombolas. Em contrapartida a esta realidade, os alunos ouvidos valorizam a escola e a educação como meio necessário para alcançarem ascensão econômica e de alguma forma contribuir para o progresso da comunidade onde vivem. Por fim, verificamos que tais sujeitos, apesar de estudarem fora de sua comunidade e em uma escola que não valoriza suas culturas, ainda se reconhecem e se orgulham da condição de serem quilombolas.Abstract In this article, we consider about the identity construction of young high school students, community residents remaining Quilombo and the contribution of the school for the construction of such identities. We understand that identities are forged, built or denied within different times and places and always in opposition or contrast to other identities, in a game relational or non-recognition of otherness. Among the results, we emphasize that the school is silent on crop Maroons. In contrast to this reality, students listened value school and education as a necessary means to achieve economic rise and somehow contribute to the progress of the community where they live. Finally, we note that such subjects, despite studying outside their community and a school that does not value their culture, yet they recognize and are proud of the condition of being maroon.

O presente artigo buscou conhecer as trajetórias escolares e as perspectivas dos alunos do Centro de Educação de Jovens e Adultos Benedito Sant’Ana da Silva Freire, em Sinop-MT. A metodologia usada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, dando ênfase a uma abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa revelou que para o aluno adulto estudar é um grande desafio, mas é também forma de qualificação para ter sucesso profissional. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos alunos busca uma chance de terminar os estudos para conseguir um emprego melhor, mas para alguns, as perspectivas vão além da inserção no mercado de trabalho, pois pretendem ingressar numa faculdade.Palavras-chave: educação; Educação de Jovens e Adultos; trajetórias escolares; abordagem qualitativa.

Resumo: Análise de expressões metafóricas ou potencialmente metafóricas encontradas no Banco de Dados Interacionais (RONCARATI, 1996), volume que reúne transcrições de conversas gravadas entre novembro de 1989 e janeiro de 1991, totalizando cerca de 270 horas. Com duração entre 5 e 30 minutos, as 13 conversas que compõem volume foram segmentadas em 9927 unidades entonacionais com base no sistema de Chafe (1988), com adaptações de Du Bois et alii (1992). Entre essas unidades, foram encontradas 82 expressões metafóricas que revelam a subjacência de domínios fonte e alvo amplamente apontados na literatura: recipiente; espaço; substância; trajetória; superfície/textura; discussão; ideia/pensamento; quantidade/escala.

Este artículo aborda la interdisciplinaridad entre los campos de la antropología y de la educación, considerándola necesaria para la comprensión de una de las cuestiones fundamentales en la escuela, las culturas y las construcciones de identidades presentes en los procesos de aprendizaje y socialización. En esa perspectiva, se hace una discusión sobre las categorías de cultura y de identidad y cómo ellas están presentes y se expresan en la escuela, tomando como base situaciones frecuentes del cotidiano de esa institución, en donde están profesores y alumnos, y que nos desafían a pensar sobre las dimensiones de la formación y del trabajo docente en la contemporaneidad.

Marine sponges and cyanobacteria have a long history of co-evolution, with documented genome adaptations in cyanobionts. Both organisms are known to produce a wide variety of natural compounds, with only scarce information about novel natural compounds produced by cyanobionts. In the present study, we aimed to address their toxicological potential, isolating cyanobacteria (n = 12) from different sponge species from the coast of Portugal (mainland, Azores, and Madeira Islands). After large-scale growth, we obtained both organic and aqueous extracts to perform a series of ecologically-relevant bioassays. In the acute toxicity assay, using nauplii of Artemia salina, only organic extracts showed lethality, especially in picocyanobacterial strains. In the bioassay with Paracentrotus lividus, both organic and aqueous extracts produced embryogenic toxicity (respectively 58% and 36%), pointing to the presence of compounds that interfere with growth factors on cells. No development of pluteus larvae was observed for the organic extract of the strain Chroococcales 6MA13ti, indicating the presence of compounds that affect skeleton formation. In the hemolytic assay, none of the extracts induced red blood cells lysis. Organic extracts, especially from picoplanktonic strains, proved to be the most promising for future bioassay-guided fractionation and compounds isolation. This approach allows us to classify the compounds extracted from the cyanobacteria into effect categories and bioactivity profiles.

O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, em Vitória da Conquista – BA, no período de novembro de 2005 a fevereiro de 2007, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da poda e épocas de colheita sobre características agronômicas da mandioca.Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados segundo esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com seis épocas de colheita (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 dias após a poda, realizada aos 300 dias posteriores ao plantio) e dois sistemas de condução da cultura (com poda da haste principal, à altura de 0,20 m da superfície do solo, e sem poda). Menor peso de parte aérea e menor produtividade de raízes tuberosas foram observados em plantas podadas. Embora não tenha sido verificada redução na porcentagem de matéria seca e amido em raízes, houve decréscimo na produção de amido e farinha, avaliados em kg ha-¹. Aprodutividade de raízes tuberosas, produtividade de amido e farinha aumentaram linearmente com as épocas de colheita. Maior tempo de cocção foi verificado para raízes tuberosas provenientes de plantas podadas, quando comparadas com aquelas não-podadas. The experiment was performed at the Campus of Universidade Estadualdo Sudoeste da Bahia – UESB, in Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia-Brazil, from November 2005 to February 2007, aiming to evaluate the effect of pruning and harvest time on cassava agronomic characteristics. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with three replications. The treatments were arranged according to a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with six harvest times (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 days after pruning) and two cultivation systems (with and without pruning). The results showed that pruned plants presented low aerialpart weight and low productivity of tuberous roots, though a reduction of dry matter, starch and flour production was not observed, which were evaluated in kg ha-1. Tuberous roots, starch and flour production increase linearly with the harvest times. Cooking time was influenced by pruning. Pruned plant roots showed higher cooking time when compared to the roots of non pruned plants.