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3. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, IV, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Published
2021
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5. The Experiment for Space Radiation Analysis: Probing the Earth's Radiation Belts Using a CubeSat Platform

Author

Maldonado, Carlos, Kroupa, Martin, Barney, Jonathan, Caffrey, Michael, Mendel, Susan, Boyd, Kerry, Miller, Zachary, McGlown, Justin, Deming, Jonathan, Katko, Kim, Hehlen, Markus, Mosley, Brooke, Tripp, Justin, Morgan, Keith, White, Peter, Michel, John, Nelson, Anthony, Merl, Robert, Holloway, Michael, Morning, Heidi, Arnold, Daniel, Skoug, Ruth, Fernandes, Phil, Schultz, Ted, Guider, Angus, Reisenfeld, Daniel, Larsen, Brian, Steinberg, John, Krause, Erik, Beckman, Darrel, Sandoval, Benigno, Graham, Paul, Tripp, Zephram, Hoose, Bradley, Kaufeld, Kevin, Scobie, Rory, Ortner, Joshua, Cox, Elaine, Cole, Quinten, Fairbanks, Thomas, George, Jeffrey, Clanton, Robert, Dutch, Richard, Kirby, Andrew, Martinez, J. P., Gambill, Tracy, Subsomboon, Kasidit, Harvey, Darren, Alano, Katherine, McKeown, Kristina, and Ortega, Donathan

Subjects
ESRA, energetic particle sensors, CubeSat, Radiation Belts, plasma
Abstract

The Experiment for Space Radiation Analysis (ESRA) is the latest of a series of Demonstration and Validation missions built by the Los Alamos National Laboratory, with the focus on testing a new generation of plasma and energetic particle sensors. The primary motivation for the ESRA payloads is to minimize size, weight, power, and cost while still providing necessary mission data. These new instruments will be demonstrated by ESRA through testing and on-orbit operations to increase their technology readiness level such that they can support the evolution of technology and mission objectives. This project will leverage a commercial off-the-shelf CubeSat avionics bus and commercial satellite ground networks to reduce the cost and timeline associated with traditional DemVal missions. The system will launch as a ride share with the DoD Space Test Program to be inserted in Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) and allow observations of the Earth’s radiation belts. The ESRA CubeSat consists of two science payloads and several subsystems: the Wide-field-of-view Plasma Spectrometer, the Energetic Charged Particle telescope, high voltage power supply, payload processor, flight software architecture, and distributed processor module. The ESRA CubeSat will provide measurements of the plasma and energetic charged particle populations in the GTO environment for ions ranging from ~100 eV to ~1000 MeV and electrons with energy ranging from 100 keV to 20 MeV. ESRA will utilize a commercial 12U bus and demonstrate a low-cost, rapidly deployable spaceflight platform with sufficient SWAP to enable efficient measurements of the energetic particle populations in the dynamic radiation belts.

Published
2022

6. The Experiment for Space Radiation Analysis: A 12U CubeSat to Explore the Earth's Radiation Belts

Author

Maldonado, Carlos A., primary, Deming, Jonathan, additional, Mosley, Brooke N., additional, Morgan, Keith S., additional, McGlown, Justin, additional, Nelson, Anthony, additional, Fernandes, Phil A., additional, Kroupa, Martin, additional, Katko, Kim, additional, Hehlen, Markus P., additional, Arnold, Daniel, additional, Barney, Jonathan, additional, Safi, Claira, additional, Pyle, Michelle, additional, Schultz, Ted, additional, Reisenfeld, Dan, additional, Skoug, Ruth, additional, Guider, Angus, additional, Holloway, Michael, additional, Morning, Heidi, additional, Krause, Erik, additional, Sandoval, Benigno, additional, Beckman, Darrel, additional, Miller, Zach, additional, Merl, Rob, additional, Graham, Paul S., additional, White, Thaddeus Peter, additional, Tripp, Zephram, additional, Hoose, Brad, additional, Roecker, Caleb, additional, Klimenko, Alexei, additional, Dutch, Richard, additional, Kaufeld, Kevin, additional, Cox, Elaine, additional, Cole, Quinn, additional, Clanton, Chuck, additional, Bloser, Peter, additional, Larsen, Brian A., additional, Fairbanks, Tom, additional, George, Jeff, additional, Michel, John, additional, Alpine, Eric L., additional, Kelby, Casey, additional, and Abbott, Brent F., additional

Published
2022
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7. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the Mars 2020 Rover: Science Objectives and Mast-Unit Description

Author

Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger C., Bernardi, Pernelle, Cais, Philippe, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, T., Gasnault, Olivier, Reess, Jean-Michel, Deleuze, Muriel, Rull, Fernando, Manrique, José Antonio, Abbaki, S., Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Angel, S. M., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Battault, T., Beck, Pierre, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonafous, M., Bousquet, Bruno, Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Chapron, F., Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Clavé, E., Clegg, Sam, Cloutis, Edward, Collin, C., Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dameury, J. C., D'Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, Lauren, Dehouck, E., Delapp, Dorothea, De Los Santos, G., Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, Gilles, Dubois, Bruno, Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Frydenvang, Jens, Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, Ivair, González, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, John, Hassen Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, Nina, Lapauw, L., Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, L., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Leyrat, C., López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, Soren, Madsen, Morten, Mangold, Nicolas, Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martínez Frías, Jesús, Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McLennan, Scott M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montaron, C., Montmessin, Franck, Moros, J., Mousset, Valerie, Morizet, Y., Murdoch, Naomi, Newell, Raymond T., Newsom, Horton, Tuong, N. N., Ollila, Ann M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, Laurent, Parisot, J., Parot, Yann, Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, C., Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, Benjamin, Rambaud, D., Rapin, William, Romano, Philip J., Roucayrol, L., Royer, Clement, Ruellan, M., Sandoval, Benigno, Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, Shiv K., Sobrón, Pablo, Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, Vishnu, Standarovsky, D., Storms, Steven, Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, Peter, Wong, K. W., Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger C., Bernardi, Pernelle, Cais, Philippe, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, T., Gasnault, Olivier, Reess, Jean-Michel, Deleuze, Muriel, Rull, Fernando, Manrique, José Antonio, Abbaki, S., Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Angel, S. M., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Battault, T., Beck, Pierre, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Berthias, J. P., Beyssac, Olivier, Bonafous, M., Bousquet, Bruno, Boutillier, M., Cadu, A., Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Chapron, F., Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Clavé, E., Clegg, Sam, Cloutis, Edward, Collin, C., Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dameury, J. C., D'Anna, W., Daydou, Y., Debus, A., Deflores, Lauren, Dehouck, E., Delapp, Dorothea, De Los Santos, G., Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, A., Dromart, Gilles, Dubois, Bruno, Dufour, A., Dupieux, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Frydenvang, Jens, Gauffre, S., Gauthier, M., Gharakanian, V., Gilard, O., Gontijo, Ivair, González, R., Granena, D., Grotzinger, John, Hassen Khodja, R., Heim, M., Hello, Y., Hervet, G., Humeau, O., Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Kouach, D., Lacombe, G., Lanza, Nina, Lapauw, L., Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, L., Le Comte, E., Lee, Q. M., Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Leyrat, C., López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, J. M., Madsen, Soren, Madsen, Morten, Mangold, Nicolas, Manni, F., Mariscal, J. F., Martínez Frías, Jesús, Mathieu, K., Mathon, R., McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McLennan, Scott M., Mekki, J., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Micheau, Y., Michel, Y., Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montaron, C., Montmessin, Franck, Moros, J., Mousset, Valerie, Morizet, Y., Murdoch, Naomi, Newell, Raymond T., Newsom, Horton, Tuong, N. N., Ollila, Ann M., Orttner, G., Oudda, L., Pares, Laurent, Parisot, J., Parot, Yann, Pérez, R., Pheav, D., Picot, L., Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, C., Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Quantin-Nataf, C., Quertier, Benjamin, Rambaud, D., Rapin, William, Romano, Philip J., Roucayrol, L., Royer, Clement, Ruellan, M., Sandoval, Benigno, Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroder, S., Seran, H. C., Sharma, Shiv K., Sobrón, Pablo, Sodki, M., Sournac, A., Sridhar, Vishnu, Standarovsky, D., Storms, Steven, Striebig, N., Tatat, M., Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Toulemont, N., Velasco, C., Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Virmontois, C., Viso, M., Willis, Peter, and Wong, K. W.

Abstract

On the NASA 2020 rover mission to Jezero crater, the remote determination of the texture, mineralogy and chemistry of rocks is essential to quickly and thoroughly characterize an area and to optimize the selection of samples for return to Earth. As part of the Perseverance payload, SuperCam is a suite of five techniques that provide critical and complementary observations via Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Time-Resolved Raman and Luminescence (TRR/L), visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (VISIR), high-resolution color imaging (RMI), and acoustic recording (MIC). SuperCam operates at remote distances, primarily 2-7 m, while providing data at sub-mm to mm scales. We report on SuperCam's science objectives in the context of the Mars 2020 mission goals and ways the different techniques can address these questions. The instrument is made up of three separate subsystems: the Mast Unit is designed and built in France; the Body Unit is provided by the United States; the calibration target holder is contributed by Spain, and the targets themselves by the entire science team. This publication focuses on the design, development, and tests of the Mast Unit; companion papers describe the other units. The goal of this work is to provide an understanding of the technical choices made, the constraints that were imposed, and ultimately the validated performance of the flight model as it leaves Earth, and it will serve as the foundation for Mars operations and future processing of the data.

Published
2021

8. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, Duran, George M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, José Antonio, Martínez, J. P., Martínez Frías, Jesús, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Peterson, C. Glen, Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroeder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobrón, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andrés, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, Willis, Peter, Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, Duran, George M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, José Antonio, Martínez, J. P., Martínez Frías, Jesús, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Peterson, C. Glen, Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroeder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobrón, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andrés, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Abstract

The SuperCam instrument suite provides theMars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam's body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m optical fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245-340 and 385-465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer containing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535-853 nm (105-7070 cm-1 Raman shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12 cm-1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool the

Published
2021

9. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover:Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, Willis, Peter, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., André, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, George Duran, M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, Jose Antonio, Martinez, J. P., Martinez-Frias, Jesus, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Glen Peterson, C., Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schröder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobron, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre-Fdez, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andres, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Abstract

The SuperCam instrument suite provides the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam’s body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m optical fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245–340 and 385–465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer containing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535–853 nm (105–7070cm−1 Raman shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12cm−1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool t

Published
2021

10. OrganiCam: a lightweight time-resolved laser-induced luminescence imager and Raman spectrometer for planetary organic material characterization

Author

Gasda, Patrick J., primary, Wiens, Roger C., additional, Reyes-Newell, Adriana, additional, Ganguly, Kumkum, additional, Newell, Raymond T., additional, Peterson, Charles, additional, Sandoval, Benigno, additional, Ott, Logan, additional, Adikari, Samantha, additional, Voit, Seychelles, additional, Clegg, Samuel M., additional, Misra, Anupam K., additional, Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E., additional, Quinn, Heather, additional, Sharma, Shiv K., additional, Dale, Magdalena, additional, Love, Steven P., additional, and Maurice, Sylvestre, additional

Published
2021
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11. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Wiens, Roger C., primary, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Robinson, Scott H., additional, Nelson, Anthony E., additional, Cais, Philippe, additional, Bernardi, Pernelle, additional, Newell, Raymond T., additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Sharma, Shiv K., additional, Storms, Steven, additional, Deming, Jonathan, additional, Beckman, Darrel, additional, Ollila, Ann M., additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Anderson, Ryan B., additional, André, Yves, additional, Michael Angel, S., additional, Arana, Gorka, additional, Auden, Elizabeth, additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Becker, Joseph, additional, Benzerara, Karim, additional, Bernard, Sylvain, additional, Beyssac, Olivier, additional, Borges, Louis, additional, Bousquet, Bruno, additional, Boyd, Kerry, additional, Caffrey, Michael, additional, Carlson, Jeffrey, additional, Castro, Kepa, additional, Celis, Jorden, additional, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Clark, Kevin, additional, Cloutis, Edward, additional, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Dale, Magdalena, additional, Deflores, Lauren, additional, Delapp, Dorothea, additional, Deleuze, Muriel, additional, Dirmyer, Matthew, additional, Donny, Christophe, additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, George Duran, M., additional, Egan, Miles, additional, Ervin, Joan, additional, Fabre, Cecile, additional, Fau, Amaury, additional, Fischer, Woodward, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Fouchet, Thierry, additional, Fresquez, Reuben, additional, Frydenvang, Jens, additional, Gasway, Denine, additional, Gontijo, Ivair, additional, Grotzinger, John, additional, Jacob, Xavier, additional, Jacquinod, Sophie, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey R., additional, Klisiewicz, Roberta A., additional, Lake, James, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Laserna, Javier, additional, Lasue, Jeremie, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Legett, Carey, additional, Leveille, Richard, additional, Lewin, Eric, additional, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Lorigny, Eric, additional, Love, Steven P., additional, Lucero, Briana, additional, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, additional, Madsen, Morten, additional, Madsen, Soren, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Manrique, Jose Antonio, additional, Martinez, J. P., additional, Martinez-Frias, Jesus, additional, McCabe, Kevin P., additional, McConnochie, Timothy H., additional, McGlown, Justin M., additional, McLennan, Scott M., additional, Melikechi, Noureddine, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Michel, John M., additional, Mimoun, David, additional, Misra, Anupam, additional, Montagnac, Gilles, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Mousset, Valerie, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Newsom, Horton, additional, Ott, Logan A., additional, Ousnamer, Zachary R., additional, Pares, Laurent, additional, Parot, Yann, additional, Pawluczyk, Rafal, additional, Glen Peterson, C., additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Pinet, Patrick, additional, Pont, Gabriel, additional, Poulet, Francois, additional, Provost, Cheryl, additional, Quertier, Benjamin, additional, Quinn, Heather, additional, Rapin, William, additional, Reess, Jean-Michel, additional, Regan, Amy H., additional, Reyes-Newell, Adriana L., additional, Romano, Philip J., additional, Royer, Clement, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, Sandoval, Benigno, additional, Sarrao, Joseph H., additional, Sautter, Violaine, additional, Schoppers, Marcel J., additional, Schröder, Susanne, additional, Seitz, Daniel, additional, Shepherd, Terra, additional, Sobron, Pablo, additional, Dubois, Bruno, additional, Sridhar, Vishnu, additional, Toplis, Michael J., additional, Torre-Fdez, Imanol, additional, Trettel, Ian A., additional, Underwood, Mark, additional, Valdez, Andres, additional, Valdez, Jacob, additional, Venhaus, Dawn, additional, and Willis, Peter, additional

Published
2020
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12. The SuperCam Instrument for the Mars 2020 Rover

Author

Nelson, Tony, primary, Wiens, Roger, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Newell, Ray, additional, Robinson, Scott, additional, Storms, Steve, additional, Michel, John, additional, Caffrey, Michael, additional, Deming, Jonathan, additional, Sandoval, Benigno, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, Bernardi, Pernelle, additional, Cais, Philippe, additional, and Rull, Fernando, additional

Published
2020
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13. AN EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF NANOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HARD/SOFT MULTILAYERED COATINGS

Author

Mehran Tehrani, Yu-Lin Shen, William Mook, Sandoval, Benigno, Mehran Tehrani, Yu-Lin Shen, William Mook, and Sandoval, Benigno

Subjects
multilayer thin film nanolaminate nanoindentation aluminum
Abstract

Multilayer thin film composites, sometimes referred to as nanolaminates, have emerged as an important subset of materials with novel, and often tunable, properties such as high strength, high toughness, and resistance to wear or corrosion. Often fabricated using alternating layers of two or more materials, these multilayer thin film coatings are typically expensive and time intensive to fabricate and characterize and exhibit novel responses to nanomechanical testing such as plasticity during unloading. This thesis explores the nanoindentation response of hard/soft multilayer coatings through examination of the optical coating Al/SiC and similar coating Al/SiO2. Instrumented indentation was used to study single layer films of aluminum, silicon carbide, and silicon dioxide with thicknesses 40nm to 4μm. Results from individual and cyclic indentation load cycles provided insight into film mechanical properties. Additionally alternating 51 layers hard/soft multilayers on silicon and quartz substrates were studied with spherical and Berkovich indenters. These multilayer films were fabricated with bilayer thickness of 160nm but variable thickness ratio to achieve 25, 50, and 75% aluminum by volume. Further microstructural characterization is necessary to fully explain the indentation behavior, however an accurate prediction of indentation derived modulus for the nanolaminate based upon monolayer properties was found. Furthermore, cyclic indentation of the nanolaminates along with post-indentation TEM led to the conclusion that unloading plasticity was not occurring within the multilayer structure or the effect was not significantly altering the indentation response. Finite element simulations were created to model individual load cycles for each combination of indenter, thickness ratio, film material, and substrate using ABAQUS. Single layer and multilayer simulations exhibited plastic deformation increasing within the aluminum layers during the unloading phase of inden

Published
2017

14. AN EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF NANOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF HARD/SOFT MULTILAYERED COATINGS

Author

Sandoval, Benigno

Subjects
multilayer thin film nanolaminate nanoindentation aluminum, Mechanical Engineering, Other Materials Science and Engineering
Abstract

Multilayer thin film composites, sometimes referred to as nanolaminates, have emerged as an important subset of materials with novel, and often tunable, properties such as high strength, high toughness, and resistance to wear or corrosion. Often fabricated using alternating layers of two or more materials, these multilayer thin film coatings are typically expensive and time intensive to fabricate and characterize and exhibit novel responses to nanomechanical testing such as plasticity during unloading. This thesis explores the nanoindentation response of hard/soft multilayer coatings through examination of the optical coating Al/SiC and similar coating Al/SiO2. Instrumented indentation was used to study single layer films of aluminum, silicon carbide, and silicon dioxide with thicknesses 40nm to 4μm. Results from individual and cyclic indentation load cycles provided insight into film mechanical properties. Additionally alternating 51 layers hard/soft multilayers on silicon and quartz substrates were studied with spherical and Berkovich indenters. These multilayer films were fabricated with bilayer thickness of 160nm but variable thickness ratio to achieve 25, 50, and 75% aluminum by volume. Further microstructural characterization is necessary to fully explain the indentation behavior, however an accurate prediction of indentation derived modulus for the nanolaminate based upon monolayer properties was found. Furthermore, cyclic indentation of the nanolaminates along with post-indentation TEM led to the conclusion that unloading plasticity was not occurring within the multilayer structure or the effect was not significantly altering the indentation response. Finite element simulations were created to model individual load cycles for each combination of indenter, thickness ratio, film material, and substrate using ABAQUS. Single layer and multilayer simulations exhibited plastic deformation increasing within the aluminum layers during the unloading phase of indentation for all cases. Further simulation was conducted focusing on the cyclic indentation of aluminum thin films and Al/SiC nanolaminates. It was concluded that the simulation adequately represented the single material film responses but were unable to predict the indentation-derived properties for the Al/SiC multilayer. Further investigation would benefit from knowledge of the ceramic microstructure and viscous properties.

Published
2017

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