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16. Comparative evaluation of various diagnostic techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium infection from the faecal samples of diarrhoeic bovine calves.

Author

Jaiswal, V., Brar, A. P. S., Sandhu, B. S., Singla, L. D., Narang, D., Leishangthem, G. D., and Kaur, P.

Subjects
CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS, CALVES, BOS, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM, MEDICAL screening, MOLECULAR pathology
Abstract

Background: Cryptosporidium, an opportunistic, zoonotic, apicomplexan parasite, is one of the most common causes of diarrhea in neonatal bovine calves around the globe. Bovine calves act as a major source of infection by excreting huge numbers of highly resistant oocysts in faeces, which can survive for a long time in extreme environmental conditions. As low as ten oocysts can cause disease and mortality, leading to the requirement of an early and accurate diagnosis for proper and favorable prognosis, management, and control. Aims: The current study was conducted with the objective to evaluate various diagnostic techniques (acid fast staining, negative staining, fluorescent, ELISA, PCR, nested PCR, and qPCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium in the faecal samples of diarrheic bovine calves. Methods: Two hundred diarrheic faecal samples from bovine calves were collected and subjected to these techniques for Cryptosporidium diagnosis. Results of these were evaluated for diagnostic comparison. Results: Out of 200 faecal samples evaluated, 24% (48/200) were detected positive for Cryptosporidium using a combination of two techniques as gold standard criteria. Cohen's kappa value indicated moderate to almost perfect agreement (0.616 to 0.986) among all the techniques used in the present study. Leishman staining showed the lowest sensitivity (54.17%), while nested PCR and qPCR showed the highest sensitivity (97.92%). Diagnostic specificity of all these tests ranged from 98.68 to 100%. Conclusion: Auramine stain was used for the first time in the bovine calves in India for the detection and diagnostic comparison of Cryptosporidium. It showed strong agreement with the molecular as well as classical diagnostic techniques, and can be used for primary screening for better diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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22. Increased awareness enhances physician recognition of the role of smoking in chronic pancreatitis

Author

Muniraj, T., primary, Yadav, D., primary, Abberbock, J. N., primary, Alkaade, S., primary, Amann, S. T., primary, Anderson, M. A., primary, Banks, P. A., primary, Brand, R. E., primary, Conwell, D., primary, Cote, G. A., primary, Forsmark, C. E., primary, Gardner, T. B., primary, Gelrud, A., primary, Guda, N., primary, Lewis, M. D., primary, Romagnuolo, J., primary, Sandhu, B. S., primary, Sherman, S., primary, Singh, V. K., primary, Slivka, A., primary, Tang, G., primary, Whitcomb, D. C., primary, and Wilcox, C. M., primary

Published
2020
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32. A proposition for the diagnosis and treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children: A report from a working group on gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Author

Vandenplas, Y., Ashkenazi, A., Belli, D., Boige, N., Bouquet, J., Cadranel, S., Cezard, J. P., Cucchiara, S., Dupont, C., Geboes, K., Gottrand, F., Heymans, H. S. A., Jasinski, C., Kneepkens, C. M. F., Koletzko, S., Milla, P., Mougenot, J. F., Nusslé, D., Navarro, J., Newell, S. J., Olafsdottir, E., Peeters, S., Ravelli, A., Polanco, I., Sandhu, B. K., and Tolboom, J.

Published
1993
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40. Albedo factor for tissue equivalent material using multiple backscattering of gamma photons.

Author

Singh, Inderjeet, Sandhu, B. S., Singh, B., Rohit, and Sabharwal, A. D.

Subjects
*PHOTONS, *ALBEDO, *SODIUM iodide, *SCINTILLATION counters, *TISSUES
Abstract

In the present work, albedo factor is calculated for various tissue substitutes by using multiple backscattering of gamma photons. Reflected gamma photons emitting from a 137Cs source having energy of 662 keV from the target have been recorded by sodium iodide scintillation detector with crystal size 3 inch. by 3 inch. placed at an angle of 180° to the target. From experiments, it observed that, the albedo factor is varies with the depth target depth (thickness) of the tissue equivalent materials and their Zeff. The experimentally determine values of total multiply back-scattered flux are in good agreement with theoretically generated flux by using a M.C. simulation code. Also for accurate and précised experimental results, application of response function is implemented on the recorded spectrums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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41. Thickness measurements by using back-scattering of gamma photons.

Author

Rohit, Singh, Inderjeet, Singh, B., Sandhu, B. S., and Sabharwal, A. D.

Subjects
GAMMA ray sources, THICKNESS measurement, PHOTONS, ELECTRON density, PHOTON counting
Abstract

Determination of thickness of metallic and wooden wardrobes plays an important role in many furniture, chemical & automobiles industries. Wardrobes are standing closets which, are usually made with metals, plywood etc. and are generally used for storage purposes of clothes, accessories and other items. Although, wooden wardrobes are more attractive than metal ones yet, due to the more durability, compatibility and safety metal wardrobes are preferred. Present investigations discuss to measure the gauge (thickness) of metallic and of wooden wardrobes. This is based on the fact, that Compton back-scattering has high dependence on electron density of the target material. The number density of electrons of the wardrobe changes as the thickness of the wardrobe material changes, resulting into the change in number of back-scattered photons. Based on this, by conducting back-scattering experiment by using a 137Cs gamma ray source, thickness of metallic wardrobe from gauge 14-28 and thickness of wooden wardrobe from 6-36 mm is calculated. The back-scattered angle is chosen to be 180 and after the back-scattering these photons are detected by a 3″ x 3″ NaI(Tl) scintillator detector. The observed values of both gauging of metallic wardrobe and thickness of wooden wardrobe are in good agreement with an experimental error less than 3 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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49. Hypoxia induces tissue factor upregulation in isolated human islets

Author

Sandhu, B, Prendecki, M, Rutter, G, Martinez-Sanchez, A, Kanda, N, Galloway-Phillips, N, Smith, R, Pusey, C, and Papalois, V

Subjects
Transplantation, Science & Technology, Surgery, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Published
2017

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