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A half-duplex relay channel consisting of two relays in a diamond topology is studied. In contrast to full-duplex systems, it is shown that time should be optimally allocated among different states. In contrast to the classical three-node relay channel, it is shown that spatial reuse can he utilized to allow communication without interference. Both achievable rate and upper bound on capacity arc studied. Several communication schemes such as moltihop with spatial reuse, scale-forward, broadeast-multiaccess with common message, compress-forward, as well as hybrid ones are characterized, some of which are novel. It is also shown that simple multihop with spatial reuse achieves the capacity of certain symmetric diamond channels. Index Terms--Cooperation, half-duplex, relay channel, relay network, Shannon capacity.

Background: An unsafe sleep environment remains the leading contributor to unexpected infant death.Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of a quality improvement initiative developed to create a hospital-based safe sleep environment for all newborns and infants.Methods: A multidisciplinary team from the well-baby nursery (WBN) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a 149-bed academic, quaternary care, regional referral center developed and implemented safe sleep environments within the hospital for all prior to discharge. To monitor compliance, the following were tracked monthly: documentation of parent education, caregiver surveys, and hospital crib check audits. On the inpatient general pediatric units, only hospital crib check audits were tracked. Investigators used Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to evaluate the impact of the initiative from October 2015 through February 2018.Results: Safe sleep education was documented for all randomly checked records (n = 440). A survey (n = 348) revealed that almost all caregivers (95.4%) reported receiving information on safe infant sleep. Initial compliance with all criteria in WBN (n = 281), NICU (n = 285), and general pediatric inpatient units (n = 121) was 0%, 0%, and 8.3%, respectively. At 29 months, WBN and NICU compliance with all criteria was 90% and 100%, respectively. At 7 months, general pediatric inpatient units' compliance with all criteria was 20%.Implications For Practice: WBN, NICU and general pediatric inpatient unit collaboration with content experts led to unit-specific strategies that improved safe sleep practices.Implications For Research: Future studies on the impact of such an initiative at other hospitals are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive aspergillosis in healthy hosts is a very rare occurrence, but it may become pathogenic under certain circumstances. In the head and neck region, aspergillosis usually involves the maxillary sinus. This case report describes secondary Aspergillus infection of the mandible in a 35-year-old female patient in whom the maxillary sinus was primarily involved 5 years previously. (Quintessence Int 2003;34: 139-142) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pre-adjusted edgewise technique, retraction is achieved either with friction (sliding) or frictionless mechanics The simplicity of friction mechanics is offset by the binding between bracket and arch wire The disadvantages of the sliding technique can be overcome theoretically with a frictionless system incorporating a loop as the source of force. The superiority of the "T" loop to the vertical loop is well established in delivering high moment to force ratio and low load deflection rate, thus achieving more controlled movement with higher activation. The Mushroom loop advocated by Nanda is an adaptation of T loop, which he professes to be better than the predecessor as it produces increased moment to force ratio and lower force levels, thus providing faster and more controlled space closure. Thus a clinical study was designed to evaluate and compare the response of the dentition to these two different force system used to bring about en-masse retraction in a maximum anchorage situation by applying differential moments to the anterior and posterior segments. A single activation of the T loop and Mushroom loop was evaluated over a period of two months using lateral cephalograms. Fourteen subjects were selected and divided into two groups of seven each to evaluate and compare the anterior en masse retraction with two different loops i.e., T loop and Mushroom loop for single activation over a period of two months. Differential moment force systems for group A anchorage were used as the stimulus by placing asymmetric activation bends of 200 and 400 as alpha and beta moments respectively in a continous arch. The changes were evaluated cephalometrically with the help of tooth position locating devices for antero posterior, vertical and angular movement of teeth. The findings of this study suggest that 1. The anterior retraction was faster with Mushroom loop as compared to T loop which was statistically significant. 2. Mushroom loop showed a controlled movement of canine as compared to T loop but it was not statistically significant. 3. The mean anchorage control with mushroom loop was better as compared to T loop. The angular change in molar had a statistically significant correlation with its antero posterior change, in Mushroom loop group which shows that Mushroom loop produced high moment to force ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to assess the clinical and radiographic success of endosseous implants placed in fresh extraction sockets and healed extraction sockets. Material and Method: The study was conducted in 6 patients divided into two groups. In group I, the endosseous implants were placed in healed extraction sockets and in group II, implants were placed in fresh extraction sockets. A standard two stage surgical protocol of implant placement was used in both the groups. All implants were assessed for esthetics, occlusion, stability and complications. Results and conclusion: Esthetic appearance of the replaced teeth was scored as excellent at two sites in group I as compared to three sites in group II. Occlusion was found to be satisfactory in both the groups throughout the follow up period. Also, there was no implant failure in both the groups except for minor complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful management of facial fractures depends upon precise anatomic reduction and suitable fixation. Reduction can be achieved by several methods i.e manual or assisted by various reduction devices. In this present study elastic internal traction (E.I.T) was used as a method of reduction and temporary fixation. 15 patients of mandibular fractures were treated using this method of reduction. Aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of EIT as a method of reduction and cost effectiveness of this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) is a bleeding disorder that is inherited in a recessive fashion and is caused by a mutation on the X chromosome. Patients visiting the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery either for minor surgical procedures or treatment for facial trauma are not routinely subjected for quantitative assays of coagulation factors. We present a case of patient with facial trauma and uncontrolled bleeding in which hemophilia A was a pure incidental finding and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the same . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methylprednisolone, as a single 40 mg dose, injected into the masseter muscle upon completion of surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars (M3).Material and methods: 20 patients aged 18 - 36 years requiring removal of bilateral impacted M3 with no contraindication for the use of corticosteroid were included in the study. The difficulty of extraction was similar in all cases.In the study group 40 mg of methylprednisolone was injected into the masseter muscle via the intrabuccal approach immediately after suturing of the surgical wound. The control group received 1 ml of saline via the same route. Evaluations were made of postoperative pain, trismus and swelling. Statistical analysis: The students unpaired t test was used for analysis of the data. Results: The patients administered methylprednisolone showed superior results after surgery in terms of oral aperture , pain, and facial swelling, with statistically significant differences versus the controls. Conclusions:The results obtained showed that, 40 mg of methylprednisolone injected into the masseter muscle in the immediate postoperative period, significantly reduced swelling, pain and trismus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A half-duplex relay channel consisting of two relays in a diamond topology is studied, in contrast to full-duplex systems, it is shown that time should be optimally allocated among different states. In contrast to the classical three-node relay channel, it is shown that spatial reuse can be utilized to allow communication without interference. Both achievable rate and upper hound on capacity are studied. Several communication schemes such as multihop with spatial reuse, scale-forward, broadcast-multiaccess with common message, compress-forward, as well as hybrid ones are characterized, some of which are novel. It is also shown that simple multihop with spatial reuse achieves the capacity of certain symmetric diamond channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic Bone cyst (TBC) is an uncommon non epithelial lined cavity of the jaw. The lesion is mainly diagnosed in young patients more frequently in the 2nd decade of life. The majority of TBC's are located in the mandibular body between the canine and the third molar. Clinically the lesion is asymptomatic in the majority of cases and is often discovered on routine radiological examination usually as a unilocular radiolucent area with a "scalloping effect". We present a well documented case of 19 year old male with TBC in the anterior mandible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) bind to complementary sequences of target mRNAs, resulting in translational repression or target degradation and thus gene silencing. miRNAs are abundant in circulating blood, yet it is not known whether, as a class of regulatory molecules, they interact with human natural killer (NK) cells. Here we found that the treatment of human NK cells with several mature miRNAs in the presence of a low concentration of interleukin-12 induced CD69 expression, interferon-γ production, and degranulation marker CD107a expression. In vivo, infusion of several miRNAs alone in murine peripheral blood also resulted in comparable NK-cell activation, but not T-cell activation. Furthermore, miRNA administration significantly protected mice from tumor development in an NK cell-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that miRNA stimulation led to downstream activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), an effect that was blunted by a block in Toll-like receptor 1(TLR1) signaling and attenuated in lymphoma patients. Knockdown of TLR1 resulted in less activation by miRNAs. Collectively, we show that miRNAs have a capacity to selectively activate innate immune effector cells that is, at least in part, via the TLR1-NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]