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11. Establishing an Operational Definition of Sarcopenia in Australia and New Zealand: Delphi Method Based Consensus Statement

Author

Zanker, J., Scott, D., Reijnierse, E. M., Brennan-Olsen, S. L., Daly, R. M., Girgis, C. M., Grossmann, M., Hayes, A., Henwood, T., Hirani, V., Inderjeeth, C. A., Iuliano, S., Keogh, J. W. L., Lewis, J. R., Maier, A. B., Pasco, J. A., Phu, S., Sanders, K. M., Sim, M., Visvanathan, R., Waters, D. L., Yu, S. C. Y., Duque, Gustavo, and Australian and New Zealand Society for Sarcopenia and Frailty Research Task Force on Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenia

Published
2019
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15. The use of clinical risk factors enhances the performance of BMD in the prediction of hip and osteoporotic fractures in men and women

Author

Kanis, JA, Oden, A, Johnell, O, Johansson, H, De Laet, C, Brown, J, Burckhardt, P, Cooper, C, Christiansen, C, Cummings, S, Eisman, JA, Fujiwara, S, Glüer, C, Goltzman, D, Hans, D, Krieg, M-A, La Croix, A, McCloskey, E, Mellstrom, D, Melton, LJ, Pols, H, Reeve, J, Sanders, K, Schott, A-M, Silman, A, Torgerson, D, van Staa, T, Watts, NB, and Yoshimura, N

Subjects
Osteoporosis, Clinical Research, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Aging, Injuries and accidents, Musculoskeletal, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Area Under Curve, Bone Density, Female, Fractures, Spontaneous, Hip Fractures, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Risk Assessment, Risk Factors, Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Endocrinology & Metabolism
Abstract

UnlabelledBMD and clinical risk factors predict hip and other osteoporotic fractures. The combination of clinical risk factors and BMD provide higher specificity and sensitivity than either alone. INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESES: To develop a risk assessment tool based on clinical risk factors (CRFs) with and without BMD.MethodsNine population-based studies were studied in which BMD and CRFs were documented at baseline. Poisson regression models were developed for hip fracture and other osteoporotic fractures, with and without hip BMD. Fracture risk was expressed as gradient of risk (GR, risk ratio/SD change in risk score).ResultsCRFs alone predicted hip fracture with a GR of 2.1/SD at the age of 50 years and decreased with age. The use of BMD alone provided a higher GR (3.7/SD), and was improved further with the combined use of CRFs and BMD (4.2/SD). For other osteoporotic fractures, the GRs were lower than for hip fracture. The GR with CRFs alone was 1.4/SD at the age of 50 years, similar to that provided by BMD (GR = 1.4/SD) and was not markedly increased by the combination (GR = 1.4/SD). The performance characteristics of clinical risk factors with and without BMD were validated in eleven independent population-based cohorts.ConclusionsThe models developed provide the basis for the integrated use of validated clinical risk factors in men and women to aid in fracture risk prediction.

Published
2007

16. Imprinting in HR process research: a systematic review and integrative conceptual model

Author

Kitt, A and Sanders, K

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Management of Technology and Innovation, Strategy and Management, Industrial relations, Business and International Management
Abstract

Human resource (HR) process research refers to the way HR practices are communicated in organisations, including the way these HR practices are understood (i.e. perceived HR strength) and attributed (i.e. HR attributions) by employees. Previous research has mainly focused on the outcomes of the HR process, while research that examines both antecedents and employee outcomes is relatively rare. This is especially the case for imprinting factors, defined as the hereditary and family-related influences, non-work contextual factors, and cultural values that may affect the way employees understand and attribute HR in their organisation. To further explore this relatively new area of research, this paper provides a systematic review of 19 empirical studies that investigate the role of imprinting factors in HR process research. Through the application of an imprinting framework with HR content and HR process theories, this review is orientated around the development of an integrative conceptual framework that elaborates on how, when, and to what degree imprinting factors influence the effect of bundles of HR practices on perceived HR strength and HR attributions and, as a consequence, employee outcomes. We conclude our review with several research directions that act as a platform for future scholarship.

Published
2022

19. Quality of life for up to 18 months after low-energy hip, vertebral, and distal forearm fractures—results from the ICUROS

Author

Svedbom, A., Borgstöm, F., Hernlund, E., Ström, O., Alekna, V., Bianchi, M. L., Clark, P., Curiel, M. D., Dimai, H. P., Jürisson, M., Kallikorm, R., Lember, M., Lesnyak, O., McCloskey, E., Sanders, K. M., Silverman, S., Solodovnikov, A., Tamulaitiene, M., Thomas, T., Toroptsova, N., Uusküla, A., Tosteson, A. N. A., Jönsson, B., and Kanis, J. A.

Published
2018
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22. The weekend effect on the provision of Emergency Surgery before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: case-control analysis of a retrospective multicentre database

Author

Tebala G. D., Milani M. S., Cirocchi R., Bignell M., Bond-Smith G., Lewis C., Agnoletti V., Catarci M., Di Saverio S., Luridiana G., Catena F., Scatizzi M., Marini P., Lo Dico R., Stracqualursi A., Russo G., D'Errico S., Cianci P., Restini E., Scialandrone G., Guercioni G., Martinez G., Pezzolla A., Altomare D. F., Picciariello A., Trigiante G., Dibra R., Papagni V., Righetti C., Polastri R., Andreuccetti J., Pignata G., D'Alessio R., Arici E., Canfora I., Cillara N., Deserra A., Sechi R., Bianco F., Gili S., Cappiello A., Incollingo P., Biloslavo A., Bellio G., Germani P., De Manzini N., Buiatti M., Paladino F. P., Sasia D., Borghi F., Testa V., Giraudo G., Allisiardi F., Giuffrida M. C., Gerosa M., Fogliati A., Maggioni D., Fabbri N., Feo C. V., Bianchini E., Panzini I., Lizzi V., Tricarico F. G., Di Gioia G., Melino R., Tartaglia N., Ambrosi A., Pavone G., Pacilli M., Vovola F., Belli F., Barberis A., Azzinnaro A., Coratti A., Benigni R., Berti S., Saracco M., Gennai A., Dova L., Farfaglia R., Pata G., Arizzi V., Pandolfo G., Frontali A., Danelli P., Ferrario L., Guerci C., Mariani N. M., Pisani Ceretti A., Nicastro V., Opocher E., Gozzo D., Casoni Pattacini G., Castriconi M., Amendola A., Gaudiello M., Palomba G., Petracca G. L., Perrone G., Giuffrida M., Moretto G., Impellizzeri H., Casaril A., Filosa M., Caizzone A., Agrusti S., Cattaneo G. M., Capelli P., Muratore A., Calabro M., Pipitore Federico N., Cuzzola B., Danna R., Murgese A., Coccolini F., Pieroni E., Chiarugi M., Tartaglia D., Giannessi S., Somigli R., Trafeli M., Fedi M., De Vincenti R., Guariniello A., Grande M., Bagaglini G., Pirozzi B., Guida A. M., Ingallinella S., Don C. P., Siragusa L., Capone O., Cerbo D., Santoro E., Pende V., Fassari A., Mingoli A., Brachini G., Cirillo B., Zambon M., Cicerchia P., Meneghini S., Sapienza P., Puzzovio A., La Torre F., Fransvea P., Di Grezia M., Sganga G., Armellino M. F., Ioia G., Rampone B., Della Corte M., Fleres F., Clarizia G., Bordoni P., Spolini A., Franzini M., Grechi A., Suppo M., Bono D., Scaglione D., Cotsoglou C., Paleini S., Chierici A. P., Uccelli M., Olmi S., Cesana G., Tenreiro N., Marcal A., Martins D., Leal C., Vieira B., Ugarte-Sierra B., Vincene-Rodriguez I., Duran-Ballesteros M., Sanz-Larrainzar A., Ibanez-Aguirre F. J., Yanez-Benites C., Talal I., Blas J. L., Garau R., Clark-Stuart S., Wallace A., Di Carlo A., Wisnia E., Ehsan K., Beck-Sanders K., Godson E., Campbell P., Ahmad R., Ali R., Aswani S. S., Barza A., Carrillo C., Dawani A., Dey A., Elserafy A., Gaspar D., Lazzareschi L., Patel M., Shabana A., Shams M., Shams O., Slack Z., Tebala, Giovanni D, Milani, Marika S, Cirocchi, Roberto, Bignell, Mark, Bond-Smith, Gile, Lewis, Christopher, Agnoletti, Vanni, Catarci, Marco, Di Saverio, Salomone, Luridiana, Gianluigi, Catena, Fausto, Scatizzi, Marco, Marini, Pierluigi, de Manzini, Nicolo', Tebala G.D., Milani M.S., Cirocchi R., Bignell M., Bond-Smith G., Lewis C., Agnoletti V., Catarci M., Di Saverio S., Luridiana G., Catena F., Scatizzi M., Marini P., Lo Dico R., Stracqualursi A., Russo G., D'Errico S., Cianci P., Restini E., Scialandrone G., Guercioni G., Martinez G., Pezzolla A., Altomare D.F., Picciariello A., Trigiante G., Dibra R., Papagni V., Righetti C., Polastri R., Andreuccetti J., Pignata G., D'Alessio R., Arici E., Canfora I., Cillara N., Deserra A., Sechi R., Bianco F., Gili S., Cappiello A., Incollingo P., Biloslavo A., Bellio G., Germani P., De Manzini N., Buiatti M., Paladino F.P., Sasia D., Borghi F., Testa V., Giraudo G., Allisiardi F., Giuffrida M.C., Gerosa M., Fogliati A., Maggioni D., Fabbri N., Feo C.V., Bianchini E., Panzini I., Lizzi V., Tricarico F.G., Di Gioia G., Melino R., Tartaglia N., Ambrosi A., Pavone G., Pacilli M., Vovola F., Belli F., Barberis A., Azzinnaro A., Coratti A., Benigni R., Berti S., Saracco M., Gennai A., Dova L., Farfaglia R., Pata G., Arizzi V., Pandolfo G., Frontali A., Danelli P., Ferrario L., Guerci C., Mariani N.M., Pisani Ceretti A., Nicastro V., Opocher E., Gozzo D., Casoni Pattacini G., Castriconi M., Amendola A., Gaudiello M., Palomba G., Petracca G.L., Perrone G., Giuffrida M., Moretto G., Impellizzeri H., Casaril A., Filosa M., Caizzone A., Agrusti S., Cattaneo G.M., Capelli P., Muratore A., Calabro M., Pipitore Federico N., Cuzzola B., Danna R., Murgese A., Coccolini F., Pieroni E., Chiarugi M., Tartaglia D., Giannessi S., Somigli R., Trafeli M., Fedi M., De Vincenti R., Guariniello A., Grande M., Bagaglini G., Pirozzi B., Guida A.M., Ingallinella S., Don C.P., Siragusa L., Capone O., Cerbo D., Santoro E., Pende V., Fassari A., Mingoli A., Brachini G., Cirillo B., Zambon M., Cicerchia P., Meneghini S., Sapienza P., Puzzovio A., La Torre F., Fransvea P., Di Grezia M., Sganga G., Armellino M.F., Ioia G., Rampone B., Della Corte M., Fleres F., Clarizia G., Bordoni P., Spolini A., Franzini M., Grechi A., Suppo M., Bono D., Scaglione D., Cotsoglou C., Paleini S., Chierici A.P., Uccelli M., Olmi S., Cesana G., Tenreiro N., Marcal A., Martins D., Leal C., Vieira B., Ugarte-Sierra B., Vincene-Rodriguez I., Duran-Ballesteros M., Sanz-Larrainzar A., Ibanez-Aguirre F.J., Yanez-Benites C., Talal I., Blas J.L., Garau R., Clark-Stuart S., Wallace A., Di Carlo A., Wisnia E., Ehsan K., Beck-Sanders K., Godson E., Campbell P., Ahmad R., Ali R., Aswani S.S., Barza A., Carrillo C., Dawani A., Dey A., Elserafy A., Gaspar D., Lazzareschi L., Patel M., Shabana A., Shams M., Shams O., and Slack Z.

Subjects
Hot gallbladder, education, Weekend effect, COVID-19, Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale, Retrospective Studie, Case-Control Studies, Emergency surgery, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Pandemics, Emergency Medicine, Surgery, Case-Control Studie, Human
Abstract

Introduction The concept of “weekend effect”, that is, substandard healthcare during weekends, has never been fully demonstrated, and the different outcomes of emergency surgical patients admitted during weekends may be due to different conditions at admission and/or different therapeutic approaches. Aim of this international audit was to identify any change of pattern of emergency surgical admissions and treatments during weekends. Furthermore, we aimed at investigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the alleged “weekend effect”. Methods The database of the CovidICE-International Study was interrogated, and 6263 patients were selected for analysis. Non-trauma, 18+ yo patients admitted to 45 emergency surgery units in Europe in the months of March–April 2019 and March–April 2020 were included. Demographic and clinical data were anonymised by the referring centre and centrally collected and analysed with a statistical package. This study was endorsed by the Association of Italian Hospital Surgeons (ACOI) and the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES). Results Three-quarters of patients have been admitted during workdays and only 25.7% during weekends. There was no difference in the distribution of gender, age, ASA class and diagnosis during weekends with respect to workdays. The first wave of the COVID pandemic caused a one-third reduction of emergency surgical admission both during workdays and weekends but did not change the relation between workdays and weekends. The treatment was more often surgical for patients admitted during weekends, with no difference between 2019 and 2020, and procedures were more often performed by open surgery. However, patients admitted during weekends had a threefold increased risk of laparoscopy-to-laparotomy conversion (1% vs. 3.4%). Hospital stay was longer in patients admitted during weekends, but those patients had a lower risk of readmission. There was no difference of the rate of rescue surgery between weekends and workdays. Subgroup analysis revealed that interventional procedures for hot gallbladder were less frequently performed on patients admitted during weekends. Conclusions Our analysis revealed that demographic and clinical profiles of patients admitted during weekends do not differ significantly from workdays, but the therapeutic strategy may be different probably due to lack of availability of services and skillsets during weekends. The first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic did not impact on this difference.

Published
2022

32. Emerging Themes and Future Directions of Multi-Sector Nexus Research and Implementation

Author

Khan, Z. Abraham, E. Aggarwal, S. Ahmad Khan, M. Arguello, R. Babbar-Sebens, M. Bereslawski, J. L. Bielicki, J. M. Campana, P. E. Silva Carrazzone, M. E. Castanier, H. Chang, F. J. Collins, P. Conchado, A. Dagani, K. R. Daher, B. Dekker, S. C. Delgado, R. Diuana, F. A. Doelman, J. Elshorbagy, A. A. Fan, C. Gaudioso, R. Gebrechorkos, S. H. Geli, H. M. E. Grubert, E. Huang, D. Huang, T. Ilyas, A. Ivakhnenko, A. Jewitt, G. P. W. Ferreira dos Santos, M. J. Jones, J. L. Kellner, E. Krueger, E. H. Kumar, I. Lamontagne, J. Lansu, A. Lee, S. Li, R. Linares, P. Marazza, D. Mascari, M. P. McManamay, R. A. Meng, M. Mereu, S. Miralles-Wilhelm, F. Mohtar, R. Muhammad, A. Opejin, A. K. Pande, S. Parkinson, S. Payet-Burin, R. Ramdas, M. Ramos, E. P. Ray, S. Roberts, P. Sampedro, J. Sanders, K. T. Saray, M. H. Schmidt, J. Shanafield, M. Siddiqui, S. Suriano, M. Taniguchi, M. Trabucco, A. Tuninetti, M. Vinca, A. Weeser, B. White, D. D. Wild, T. B. Yadav, K. Yogeswaran, N. Yokohata, T. Yue, Q. and Khan, Z. Abraham, E. Aggarwal, S. Ahmad Khan, M. Arguello, R. Babbar-Sebens, M. Bereslawski, J. L. Bielicki, J. M. Campana, P. E. Silva Carrazzone, M. E. Castanier, H. Chang, F. J. Collins, P. Conchado, A. Dagani, K. R. Daher, B. Dekker, S. C. Delgado, R. Diuana, F. A. Doelman, J. Elshorbagy, A. A. Fan, C. Gaudioso, R. Gebrechorkos, S. H. Geli, H. M. E. Grubert, E. Huang, D. Huang, T. Ilyas, A. Ivakhnenko, A. Jewitt, G. P. W. Ferreira dos Santos, M. J. Jones, J. L. Kellner, E. Krueger, E. H. Kumar, I. Lamontagne, J. Lansu, A. Lee, S. Li, R. Linares, P. Marazza, D. Mascari, M. P. McManamay, R. A. Meng, M. Mereu, S. Miralles-Wilhelm, F. Mohtar, R. Muhammad, A. Opejin, A. K. Pande, S. Parkinson, S. Payet-Burin, R. Ramdas, M. Ramos, E. P. Ray, S. Roberts, P. Sampedro, J. Sanders, K. T. Saray, M. H. Schmidt, J. Shanafield, M. Siddiqui, S. Suriano, M. Taniguchi, M. Trabucco, A. Tuninetti, M. Vinca, A. Weeser, B. White, D. D. Wild, T. B. Yadav, K. Yogeswaran, N. Yokohata, T. Yue, Q.

Abstract

Water, energy, and food are all essential components of human societies. Collectively, their respective resource systems are interconnected in what is called the “nexus”. There is growing consensus that a holistic understanding of the interdependencies and trade-offs between these sectors and other related systems is critical to solving many of the global challenges they present. While nexus research has grown exponentially since 2011, there is no unified, overarching approach, and the implementation of concepts remains hampered by the lack of clear case studies. Here, we present the results of a collaborative thought exercise involving 75 scientists and summarize them into 10 key recommendations covering: the most critical nexus issues of today, emerging themes, and where future efforts should be directed. We conclude that a nexus community of practice to promote open communication among researchers, to maintain and share standardized datasets, and to develop applied case studies will facilitate transparent comparisons of models and encourage the adoption of nexus approaches in practice.

Published
2022
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41. AZD1222/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induces a polyfunctional spike protein-specific Th1 response with a diverse TCR repertoire

Author

Swanson, PA, Padilla, M, Hoyland, W, McGlinchey, K, Fields, PA, Bibi, S, Faust, SN, McDermott, AB, Lambe, T, Pollard, AJ, Durham, NM, Kelly, EJ, AstraZeneca/Oxford/VRC Study Group, Adlou, S, Aley, PK, Angus, B, Anslow, R, Baker, P, Bansal, H, Beveridge, A, Bridges-Webb, A, Ching, S, Cicconi, P, Clutterbuck, EA, Collins, AM, Darton, TC, Demissie, T, Dinesh, T, Douglas, AD, Duncan, CJA, Ewer, KJ, Felle, S, Ferreira, DM, Folegatti, PM, Fuskova, M, Gaudinski, M, Gilbert, SC, Goodman, AL, Gordon, I, Green, CA, Harbolick, E, Hayes, S, Hill, AVS, Hill, H, Jenkin, D, Jepson, BM, Kasanyinga, M, Libri, V, Lillie, PJ, McGregor, AC, Minassian, AM, Mujadidi, YF, Novik, L, Payne, R, Pilataxi, F, Plested, E, Provstgaard-Morys, S, Ramasamy, M, Robinson, H, Sanders, K, Smith, A, Snape, MD, Song, R, Sutherland, RK, Thomson, EC, Toshner, M, Turner, DPJ, Voysey, M, Widge, AT, and Williams, CJ

Abstract

AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), a replication-deficient simian adenovirus-vectored vaccine, has demonstrated safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical trials and real-world studies. We characterized CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses induced by AZD1222 vaccination in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 296 unique vaccine recipients aged 18 to 85 years who enrolled in the phase 2/3 COV002 trial. Total spike protein-specific CD4+ T cell helper type 1 (Th1) and CD8+ T cell responses were increased in AZD1222-vaccinated adults of all ages following two doses of AZD1222. CD4+ Th2 responses following AZD1222 vaccination were not detected. Furthermore, AZD1222-specific Th1 and CD8+ T cells both displayed a high degree of polyfunctionality in all adult age groups. T cell receptor (TCR) β sequences from vaccinated participants mapped against TCR sequences known to react to SARS-CoV-2 revealed substantial breadth and depth across the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for both AZD1222-induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Overall, AZD1222 vaccination induced a polyfunctional Th1-dominated T cell response, with broad CD4+ and CD8+ T cell coverage across the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

Published
2021

44. Correlates of protection against symptomatic and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection

Author

Feng, S, Phillips, DJ, White, T, Sayal, H, Aley, PK, Bibi, S, Dold, C, Fuskova, M, Gilbert, SC, Hirsch, I, Humphries, HE, Jepson, B, Kelly, EJ, Plested, E, Shoemaker, K, Thomas, KM, Vekemans, J, Villafana, TL, Lambe, T, Pollard, AJ, Voysey, M, Adlou, S, Allen, L, Angus, B, Anslow, R, Asselin, M-C, Baker, N, Baker, P, Barlow, T, Beveridge, A, Bewley, KR, Brown, P, Brunt, E, Buttigieg, KR, Camara, S, Charlton, S, Chiplin, E, Cicconi, P, Clutterbuck, EA, Collins, AM, Coombes, NS, Clemens, SAC, Davison, M, Demissie, T, Dinesh, T, Douglas, AD, Duncan, CJA, Emary, KRW, Ewer, KJ, Felle, S, Ferreira, DM, Finn, A, Folegatti, PM, Fothergill, R, Fraser, S, Garlant, H, Gatcombe, L, Godwin, KJ, Goodman, AL, Green, CA, Hallis, B, Hart, TC, Heath, PT, Hill, H, Hill, AVS, Jenkin, D, Kasanyinga, M, Kerridge, S, Knight, C, Leung, S, Libri, V, Lillie, PJ, Marinou, S, McGlashan, J, McGregor, AC, McInroy, L, Minassian, AM, Mujadidi, YF, Penn, EJ, Petropoulos, CJ, Pollock, KM, Proud, PC, Provstgaard-Morys, S, Rajapaska, D, Ramasamy, MN, Sanders, K, Shaik, I, Singh, N, Smith, A, Snape, MD, Song, R, Shrestha, S, Sutherland, RK, Thomson, EC, Turner, DPJ, Webb-Bridges, A, Wrin, T, Williams, CJ, and Group, Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial

Subjects
Male, Antibodies, Viral, Neutralization, Cohort Studies, Multiplex, Asymptomatic Infections, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Vaccines, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Vaccination, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Titer, Treatment Outcome, Infectious diseases, Female, Antibody, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, COVID-19 Vaccines, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Adolescent, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunology, Immunization, Secondary, Asymptomatic, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, World health, Article, Young Adult, Immune system, Statistical significance, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Infection Control, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Patient Acuity, COVID-19, Vaccine efficacy, Antibodies, Neutralizing, United Kingdom, Immunity, Humoral, Immunoassay, biology.protein, business
Abstract

The global supply of COVID-19 vaccines remains limited. An understanding of the immune response that is predictive of protection could facilitate rapid licensure of new vaccines. Data from a randomized efficacy trial of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in the United Kingdom was analyzed to determine the antibody levels associated with protection against SARS-CoV-2. Binding and neutralizing antibodies at 28 days after the second dose were measured in infected and noninfected vaccine recipients. Higher levels of all immune markers were correlated with a reduced risk of symptomatic infection. A vaccine efficacy of 80% against symptomatic infection with majority Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant of SARS-CoV-2 was achieved with 264 (95% CI: 108, 806) binding antibody units (BAU)/ml: and 506 (95% CI: 135, not computed (beyond data range) (NC)) BAU/ml for anti-spike and anti-RBD antibodies, and 26 (95% CI: NC, NC) international unit (IU)/ml and 247 (95% CI: 101, NC) normalized neutralization titers (NF50) for pseudovirus and live-virus neutralization, respectively. Immune markers were not correlated with asymptomatic infections at the 5% significance level. These data can be used to bridge to new populations using validated assays, and allow extrapolation of efficacy estimates to new COVID-19 vaccines., Defined levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies elicited by the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 are identified as correlates of protection against symptomatic infection.

Published
2021

49. Student Costing: An Essential Tool in Site-based Budgeting and Teacher Empowerment.

Author

Sanders, K. Penney and Thiemann, Francis C.

Abstract

Although the process of participative, school-based budgeting might seem tedious and time-consuming, it can truly empower teachers and administrators. One cannot set instructional and budgetary priorities without knowing costs. A costing formula to help facilitate the budgeting process is presented. Includes 18 references. (MLH)

Published
1990

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