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2. Predicting intraspecific trait variation among California's grasses

Author

Sandel, Brody, Pavelka, Claire, Hayashi, Thomas, Charles, Lachlan, Funk, Jennifer, Halliday, Fletcher W, Kandlikar, Gaurav S, Kleinhesselink, Andrew R, Kraft, Nathan JB, Larios, Loralee, Madsen‐McQueen, Tesa, and Spasojevic, Marko J

Subjects
functional traits, grass, intraspecific trait variation, machine learning, Poaceae, specific leaf area, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Plant species can show considerable morphological and functional variation along environmental gradients. This intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can have important consequences for community assembly, biotic interactions, ecosystem functions and responses to global change. However, directly measuring ITV across many species and wide geographic areas is often infeasible. Thus, a method to predict spatial variation in a species’ functional traits could be valuable. We measured specific leaf area (SLA), height and leaf area (LA) of grasses across California, covering 59 species at 230 sampling locations. We asked how these traits change along climate gradients within each species and used machine learning to predict local trait values for any species at any location based on phylogenetic position, local climate and that species’ mean traits. We then examined how much these local predictions alter patterns of assemblage-level trait variation across the state. Most species exhibited higher SLA and grew taller at higher temperatures and produced larger leaves in drier conditions. The random forests predicted spatial variation in functional traits very accurately, with correlations up to 0.97. Because trait records were spatially biased towards warmer areas, and these areas tend to have higher SLA individuals within each species, species means of SLA were upwardly biased. As a result, using species means over-estimates SLA in the cooler regions of the state. Our results also suggest that height may be substantially under-predicted in the warmest areas. Synthesis. Using only species mean traits to characterize the functional composition of communities risks introducing substantial error into trait-based estimates of ecosystem properties including decomposition rates or NPP. The high performance of random forests in predicting local trait values provides a way forward for estimating high-resolution patterns of ITV without a massive data collection effort.

Published
2021

3. The commonness of rarity: Global and future distribution of rarity across land plants.

Author

Enquist, Brian J, Feng, Xiao, Boyle, Brad, Maitner, Brian, Newman, Erica A, Jørgensen, Peter Møller, Roehrdanz, Patrick R, Thiers, Barbara M, Burger, Joseph R, Corlett, Richard T, Couvreur, Thomas LP, Dauby, Gilles, Donoghue, John C, Foden, Wendy, Lovett, Jon C, Marquet, Pablo A, Merow, Cory, Midgley, Guy, Morueta-Holme, Naia, Neves, Danilo M, Oliveira-Filho, Ary T, Kraft, Nathan JB, Park, Daniel S, Peet, Robert K, Pillet, Michiel, Serra-Diaz, Josep M, Sandel, Brody, Schildhauer, Mark, Šímová, Irena, Violle, Cyrille, Wieringa, Jan J, Wiser, Susan K, Hannah, Lee, Svenning, Jens-Christian, and McGill, Brian J

Abstract

A key feature of life's diversity is that some species are common but many more are rare. Nonetheless, at global scales, we do not know what fraction of biodiversity consists of rare species. Here, we present the largest compilation of global plant diversity to quantify the fraction of Earth's plant biodiversity that are rare. A large fraction, ~36.5% of Earth's ~435,000 plant species, are exceedingly rare. Sampling biases and prominent models, such as neutral theory and the k-niche model, cannot account for the observed prevalence of rarity. Our results indicate that (i) climatically more stable regions have harbored rare species and hence a large fraction of Earth's plant species via reduced extinction risk but that (ii) climate change and human land use are now disproportionately impacting rare species. Estimates of global species abundance distributions have important implications for risk assessments and conservation planning in this era of rapid global change.

Published
2019

6. Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity

Author

Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jandt, Ute, Chytrý, Milan, Field, Richard, Kessler, Michael, Lenoir, Jonathan, Schrodt, Franziska, Wiser, Susan K., Arfin Khan, Mohammed A. S., Attorre, Fabio, Cayuela, Luis, De Sanctis, Michele, Dengler, Jürgen, Haider, Sylvia, Hatim, Mohamed Z., Indreica, Adrian, Jansen, Florian, Pauchard, Aníbal, Peet, Robert K., Petřík, Petr, Pillar, Valério D., Sandel, Brody, Schmidt, Marco, Tang, Zhiyao, van Bodegom, Peter, Vassilev, Kiril, Violle, Cyrille, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Davidar, Priya, Dolezal, Jiri, Hérault, Bruno, Galán-de-Mera, Antonio, Jiménez, Jorge, Kambach, Stephan, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Kreft, Holger, Lezama, Felipe, Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, N’Dja, Justin K., Phillips, Oliver L., Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Sklenář, Petr, Speziale, Karina, Strohbach, Ben J., Vásquez Martínez, Rodolfo, Wang, Hua-Feng, Wesche, Karsten, and Bruelheide, Helge

Published
2022
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7. The global spectrum of plant form and function: enhanced species-level trait dataset

Author

Díaz, Sandra, Kattge, Jens, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., Wright, Ian J., Lavorel, Sandra, Dray, Stéphane, Reu, Björn, Kleyer, Michael, Wirth, Christian, Prentice, I. Colin, Garnier, Eric, Bönisch, Gerhard, Westoby, Mark, Poorter, Hendrik, Reich, Peter B., Moles, Angela T., Dickie, John, Zanne, Amy E., Chave, Jérôme, Wright, S. Joseph, Sheremetiev, Serge N., Jactel, Hervé, Baraloto, Christopher, Cerabolini, Bruno E. L., Pierce, Simon, Shipley, Bill, Casanoves, Fernando, Joswig, Julia S., Günther, Angela, Falczuk, Valeria, Rüger, Nadja, Mahecha, Miguel D., Gorné, Lucas D., Amiaud, Bernard, Atkin, Owen K., Bahn, Michael, Baldocchi, Dennis, Beckmann, Michael, Blonder, Benjamin, Bond, William, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Brown, Kerry, Burrascano, Sabina, Byun, Chaeho, Campetella, Giandiego, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Chapin, III, F. Stuart, Choat, Brendan, Coomes, David Anthony, Cornwell, William K., Craine, Joseph, Craven, Dylan, Dainese, Matteo, de Araujo, Alessandro Carioca, de Vries, Franciska T., Domingues, Tomas Ferreira, Enquist, Brian J., Fagúndez, Jaime, Fang, Jingyun, Fernández-Méndez, Fernando, Fernandez-Piedade, Maria T., Ford, Henry, Forey, Estelle, Freschet, Gregoire T., Gachet, Sophie, Gallagher, Rachael, Green, Walton, Guerin, Greg R., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Harrison, Sandy P., Hattingh, Wesley Neil, He, Tianhua, Hickler, Thomas, Higgins, Steven I., Higuchi, Pedro, Ilic, Jugo, Jackson, Robert B., Jalili, Adel, Jansen, Steven, Koike, Fumito, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan, Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Lamb, Eric G., Laughlin, Daniel C., Leishman, Michelle, Lewis, Simon, Louault, Frédérique, Malhado, Ana C. M., Manning, Peter, Meir, Patrick, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Messier, Julie, Miller, Regis, Minden, Vanessa, Molofsky, Jane, Montgomery, Rebecca, Montserrat-Martí, Gabriel, Moretti, Marco, Müller, Sandra, Niinemets, Ülo, Ogaya, Romà, Öllerer, Kinga, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Onoda, Yusuke, Ozinga, Wim A., Pausas, Juli G., Peco, Begoña, Penuelas, Josep, Pillar, Valério D., Pladevall, Clara, Römermann, Christine, Sack, Lawren, Salinas, Norma, Sandel, Brody, Sardans, Jordi, Schamp, Brandon, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Schweingruber, Fritz, Shiodera, Satomi, Sosinski, Ênio, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda, Spasojevic, Marko J., Swaine, Emily, Swenson, Nathan, Tautenhahn, Susanne, Thompson, Ken, Totte, Alexia, Urrutia-Jalabert, Rocío, Valladares, Fernando, van Bodegom, Peter, Vasseur, François, Verheyen, Kris, Vile, Denis, Violle, Cyrille, von Holle, Betsy, Weigelt, Patrick, Weiher, Evan, Wiemann, Michael C., Williams, Mathew, Wright, Justin, and Zotz, Gerhard

Published
2022
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9. Spatial distance and climate determine modularity in a cross‐biomes plant–hummingbird interaction network in Brazil

Author

Araujo, Andréa Cardoso, González, Ana M Martín, Sandel, Brody, Maruyama, Pietro K, Fischer, Erich, Vizentin‐Bugoni, Jeferson, Araújo, Francielle Paulina, Coelho, Aline Góes, Faria, Rogério Rodrigues, Kohler, Glauco, Las‐Casas, Flor Maria Guedes, Lopes, Ariadna Valentina, Machado, Adriana O, Machado, Caio Graco, Machado, Isabel Cristina, McGuire, Jimmy A, Moura, Alan Cerqueira, Oliveira, Genilda M, Oliveira, Paulo Eugênio, Rocca, Márcia Alexandra, da Cruz Rodrigues, Licléia, Rodrigues, Marcos, Rui, Ana Maria, Sazima, Ivan, Sazima, Marlies, Varassin, Isabela Galarda, Wang, Zhiheng, Dalsgaard, Bo, and Svenning, Jens‐Christian

Subjects
biogeography, module composition, ornithophily, phylogeny, pollination, range size, species roles, traits, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: We examined the effects of space, climate, phylogeny and species traits on module composition in a cross-biomes plant–hummingbird network. Location: Brazil, except Amazonian region. Methods: We compiled 31 local binary plant–hummingbird networks, combining them into one cross-biomes metanetwork. We conducted a modularity analysis and tested the relationship between species’ module membership with traits, geographical location, climatic conditions and range sizes, employing random forest models. We fitted reduced models containing groups of related variables (climatic, spatial, phylogenetic, traits) and combinations of groups to partition the variance explained by these sets into unique and shared components. Results: The Brazilian cross-biomes network was composed of 479 plant and 42 hummingbird species, and showed significant modularity. The resulting six modules conformed well to vegetation domains. Only plant traits, not hummingbird traits, differed between modules, notably plants’ growth form, corolla length, flower shape and colour. Some modules included plant species with very restricted distributions, whereas others encompassed more widespread ones. Widespread hummingbirds were the most connected, both within and between modules, whereas widespread plants were the most connected between modules. Among traits, only nectar concentration had a weak effect on among-module connectivity. Main conclusions: Climate and spatial filters were the main determinants of module composition for hummingbirds and plants, potentially related to resource seasonality, especially for hummingbirds. Historical dispersal-linked contingency, or environmental variations not accounted for by the explanatory factors here evaluated, could also contribute to the spatial component. Phylogeny and morphological traits had no unique effects on the assignment of species to modules. Widespread species showed higher within- and/or among-module connectivity, indicating their key role connecting biomes, and, in the case of hummingbirds, communities within biomes. Our results indicate that biogeography and climate not only determine the variation of modularity in local plant–animal networks, as previously shown, but also affect the cross-biomes network structure.

Published
2018

12. Functional diversity mediates macroecological variation in plant–hummingbird interaction networks

Author

Maruyama, Pietro Kiyoshi, Sonne, Jesper, Vizentin-Bugoni, Jeferson, González, Ana M. Martín, Zanata, Thais B., Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Alarcón, Ruben, Araujo, Andréa C., Araújo, Francielle P., Baquero, Andrea C., Chávez-González, Edgar, Coelho, Aline G., Cotton, Peter A., Dehling, D. Matthias, Fischer, Erich, Kohler, Glauco, Lara, Carlos, Las-Casas, Flor Maria G., Machado, Adriana O., Machado, Caio G., Maglianesi, María A., Malucelli, Tiago S., Marín-Gómez, Oscar Humberto, Oliveira, Paulo E., Ornelas, Juan Francisco, Ortiz-Pulido, Raul, Ramírez-Burbano, Mónica B., Rocca, Márcia A., Rodrigues, Licléia C., Rosero-Lasprilla, Liliana, Rui, Ana M., Sandel, Brody, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Tinoco, Boris A., Varassin, Isabela G., Watts, Stella, Rahbek, Carsten, Sazima, Marlies, Schleuning, Matthias, and Dalsgaard, Bo

Published
2018

13. Computing the Skewness of the Phylogenetic Mean Pairwise Distance in Linear Time

Author

Tsirogiannis, Constantinos and Sandel, Brody

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms
Abstract

The phylogenetic Mean Pairwise Distance (MPD) is one of the most popular measures for computing the phylogenetic distance between a given group of species. More specifically, for a phylogenetic tree T and for a set of species R represented by a subset of the leaf nodes of T, the MPD of R is equal to the average cost of all possible simple paths in T that connect pairs of nodes in R. Among other phylogenetic measures, the MPD is used as a tool for deciding if the species of a given group R are closely related. To do this, it is important to compute not only the value of the MPD for this group but also the expectation, the variance, and the skewness of this metric. Although efficient algorithms have been developed for computing the expectation and the variance the MPD, there has been no approach so far for computing the skewness of this measure. In the present work we describe how to compute the skewness of the MPD on a tree T optimally, in Theta(n) time; here n is the size of the tree T. So far this is the first result that leads to an exact, let alone efficient, computation of the skewness for any popular phylogenetic distance measure. Moreover, we show how we can compute in Theta(n) time several interesting quantities in T that can be possibly used as building blocks for computing efficiently the skewness of other phylogenetic measures., Comment: Peer-reviewed and presented as part of the 13th Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI2013)

Published
2013

14. Functional trait space and the latitudinal diversity gradient

Author

Lamanna, Christine, Blonder, Benjamin, Violle, Cyrille, Kraft, Nathan JB, Sandel, Brody, Šímová, Irena, Donoghue, John C, Svenning, Jens-Christian, McGill, Brian J, Boyle, Brad, Buzzard, Vanessa, Dolins, Steven, Jørgensen, Peter M, Marcuse-Kubitza, Aaron, Morueta-Holme, Naia, Peet, Robert K, Piel, William H, Regetz, James, Schildhauer, Mark, Spencer, Nick, Thiers, Barbara, Wiser, Susan K, and Enquist, Brian J

Subjects
Life Below Water, Biodiversity, Models, Biological, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Trees
Abstract

The processes causing the latitudinal gradient in species richness remain elusive. Ecological theories for the origin of biodiversity gradients, such as competitive exclusion, neutral dynamics, and environmental filtering, make predictions for how functional diversity should vary at the alpha (within local assemblages), beta (among assemblages), and gamma (regional pool) scales. We test these predictions by quantifying hypervolumes constructed from functional traits representing major axes of plant strategy variation (specific leaf area, plant height, and seed mass) in tree assemblages spanning the temperate and tropical New World. Alpha-scale trait volume decreases with absolute latitude and is often lower than sampling expectation, consistent with environmental filtering theory. Beta-scale overlap decays with geographic distance fastest in the temperate zone, again consistent with environmental filtering theory. In contrast, gamma-scale trait space shows a hump-shaped relationship with absolute latitude, consistent with no theory. Furthermore, the overall temperate trait hypervolume was larger than the overall tropical hypervolume, indicating that the temperate zone permits a wider range of trait combinations or that niche packing is stronger in the tropical zone. Although there are limitations in the data, our analyses suggest that multiple processes have shaped trait diversity in trees, reflecting no consistent support for any one theory.

Published
2014

15. Spatial patterns and climate relationships of major plant traits in the New World differ between woody and herbaceous species

Author

Šímová, Irena, Violle, Cyrille, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Kattge, Jens, Engemann, Kristine, Sandel, Brody, Peet, Robert K., Wiser, Susan K., Blonder, Benjamin, McGill, Brian J., Boyle, Brad, Morueta-Holme, Naia, Kraft, Nathan J. B., van Bodegom, Peter M., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Bahn, Michael, Ozinga, Wim A., Tószögyová, Anna, and Enquist, Brian J.

Published
2018

16. A roadmap for global synthesis of the plant tree of life

Author

Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Antonelli, Alexandre, Bennett, Dominic J., Botigué, Laura R., Burleigh, J. Gordon, Dodsworth, Steven, Enquist, Brian J., Forest, Félix, Kim, Jan T., Kozlov, Alexey M., Leitch, Ilia J., Maitner, Brian S., Mirarab, Siavash, Piel, William H., Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A., Pokorny, Lisa, Rahbek, Carsten, Sandel, Brody, Smith, Stephen A., Stamatakis, Alexandros, Vos, Rutger A., Warnow, Tandy, and Baker, William J.

Published
2018

19. Global trait–environment relationships of plant communities

Author

Bruelheide, Helge, Dengler, Jürgen, Purschke, Oliver, Lenoir, Jonathan, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Hennekens, Stephan M., Botta-Dukát, Zoltán, Chytrý, Milan, Field, Richard, Jansen, Florian, Kattge, Jens, Pillar, Valério D., Schrodt, Franziska, Mahecha, Miguel D., Peet, Robert K., Sandel, Brody, van Bodegom, Peter, Altman, Jan, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Arfin Khan, Mohammed A. S., Attorre, Fabio, Aubin, Isabelle, Baraloto, Christopher, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bauters, Marijn, Bergmeier, Erwin, Biurrun, Idoia, Bjorkman, Anne D., Blonder, Benjamin, Čarni, Andraž, Cayuela, Luis, Černý, Tomáš, Cornelissen, J. Hans C., Craven, Dylan, Dainese, Matteo, Derroire, Géraldine, De Sanctis, Michele, Díaz, Sandra, Doležal, Jiří, Farfan-Rios, William, Feldpausch, Ted R., Fenton, Nicole J., Garnier, Eric, Guerin, Greg R., Gutiérrez, Alvaro G., Haider, Sylvia, Hattab, Tarek, Henry, Greg, Hérault, Bruno, Higuchi, Pedro, Hölzel, Norbert, Homeier, Jürgen, Jentsch, Anke, Jürgens, Norbert, Kącki, Zygmunt, Karger, Dirk N., Kessler, Michael, Kleyer, Michael, Knollová, Ilona, Korolyuk, Andrey Y., Kühn, Ingolf, Laughlin, Daniel C., Lens, Frederic, Loos, Jacqueline, Louault, Frédérique, Lyubenova, Mariyana I., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcenò, Corrado, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Müller, Jonas V., Munzinger, Jérôme, Myers-Smith, Isla H., Neill, David A., Niinemets, Ülo, Orwin, Kate H., Ozinga, Wim A., Penuelas, Josep, Pérez-Haase, Aaron, Petřík, Petr, Phillips, Oliver L., Pärtel, Meelis, Reich, Peter B., Römermann, Christine, Rodrigues, Arthur V., Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Sardans, Jordi, Schmidt, Marco, Seidler, Gunnar, Silva Espejo, Javier Eduardo, Silveira, Marcos, Smyth, Anita, Sporbert, Maria, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Tang, Zhiyao, Thomas, Raquel, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Vassilev, Kiril, Violle, Cyrille, Virtanen, Risto, Weiher, Evan, Welk, Erik, Wesche, Karsten, Winter, Marten, Wirth, Christian, and Jandt, Ute

Published
2018
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29. Computing River Floods Using Massive Terrain Data

Author

Alexander, Cici, Arge, Lars, Bøcher, Peder Klith, Revsbæk, Morten, Sandel, Brody, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Tsirogiannis, Constantinos, Yang, Jungwoo, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Miller, Jennifer A., editor, O'Sullivan, David, editor, and Wiegand, Nancy, editor

Published
2016
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30. Fast Phylogenetic Biodiversity Computations Under a Non-uniform Random Distribution

Author

Tsirogiannis, Constantinos, Sandel, Brody, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Josef, Kittler, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Singh, Mona, editor

Published
2016
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33. Traits of dominant plant species drive normalized difference vegetation index in grasslands globally

Author

Engel, Thore, primary, Bruelheide, Helge, additional, Hoss, Daniela, additional, Sabatini, Francesco M., additional, Altman, Jan, additional, Arfin‐Khan, Mohammed A. S., additional, Bergmeier, Erwin, additional, Černý, Tomáš, additional, Chytrý, Milan, additional, Dainese, Matteo, additional, Dengler, Jürgen, additional, Dolezal, Jiri, additional, Field, Richard, additional, Fischer, Felícia M., additional, Huygens, Dries, additional, Jandt, Ute, additional, Jansen, Florian, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Karger, Dirk N., additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Lenoir, Jonathan, additional, Lens, Frederic, additional, Loos, Jaqueline, additional, Niinemets, Ülo, additional, Overbeck, Gerhard E., additional, Ozinga, Wim A., additional, Penuelas, Josep, additional, Peyre, Gwendolyn, additional, Phillips, Oliver, additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Römermann, Christine, additional, Sandel, Brody, additional, Schmidt, Marco, additional, Schrodt, Franziska, additional, Velez‐Martin, Eduardo, additional, Violle, Cyrille, additional, and Pillar, Valério, additional

Published
2023
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35. High proportion of smaller ranged hummingbird species coincides with ecological specialization across the Americas

Author

Sonne, Jesper, González, Ana M. Martín, Maruyama, Pietro K., Sandel, Brody, Vizentin-Bugoni, Jeferson, Schleuning, Matthias, Abrahamczyk, Stefan, Alarcón, Ruben, Araujo, Andréa C., Araújo, Francielle P., de Azevedo, Severino Mendes, Baquero, Andrea C., Cotton, Peter A., Ingversen, Tanja Toftemark, Kohler, Glauco, Lara, Carlos, Las-Casas, Flor Maria Guedes, Machado, Adriana O., Machado, Caio Graco, Maglianesi, María Alejandra, Moura, Alan Cerqueira, Nogués-Bravo, David, Oliveira, Genilda M., Oliveira, Paulo E., Ornelas, Juan Francisco, da Cruz Rodrigues, Licléia, Rosero-Lasprilla, Liliana, Rui, Ana Maria, Sazima, Marlies, Timmermann, Allan, Varassin, Isabela Galarda, Wang, Zhiheng, Watts, Stella, Fjeldså, Jon, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Rahbek, Carsten, and Dalsgaard, Bo

Published
2016

40. SOAR - San Francisco Bay Research Coordination Network for Student Opportunities in Avian Research to enhance STEM education and assess human impacts on avian biodiversity (RCN-UBE Introduction)

Author

Trulio, Lynne, Dirzo, Rodolfo, Sandel, Brody, Klock, Metha, LaBarbera, Kathleen, and Wang, Yiwei

Abstract

The San Francisco Bay Research Coordination Network for Student Opportunities in Avian Research (SOAR) brings together faculty, students, and volunteers to implement an experiential learning and research program focused on the study of birds and their habitats in San Francisco Bay, California. The primary members include universities, non-governmental organizations, and two bird-banding stations. Undergraduate students, especially those from underserved communities, will be introduced to STEM activities in both the field and laboratory, promoting students’ appreciation of birds and their significance for ecological and human wellbeing. The central philosophy of the program is to engage students in the process of science through “learning by doing”, which allows students the opportunity to study science in direct contact with nature. The program will enhance students’ career opportunities while teaching them to be effective stewards of natural resources. The program will produce outdoor learning modules, new courses, cross-institutional sharing of educational resources, publications in research and education venues, internships, and other career-advancement opportunities.

Published
2023
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43. New Algorithms for Computing Phylogenetic Biodiversity

Author

Tsirogiannis, Constantinos, Sandel, Brody, Kalvisa, Adrija, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Istrail, Sorin, Series editor, Pevzner, Pavel, Series editor, Waterman, Michael S., Series editor, Brown, Dan, editor, and Morgenstern, Burkhard, editor

Published
2014
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45. The role of phylogenetic relatedness on success of non-native plants crossing the naturalization-invasion transition in North America.

Author

Hong Qian and Sandel, Brody

Subjects
*SPECIES pools, *BIOLOGICAL invasions, *CONSERVATION biology, *INTRODUCED species, *ANGIOSPERMS, *LOW temperatures
Abstract

Understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions is a great challenge in ecology and conservation biology. The ability to predict which naturalized species are likely to become invasive would be a great step forward in managing and preventing invasions. The goal of this study is to test whether invasive species are a phylogenetically clustered subset of naturalized species at continental and regional scales, and to compare phylogenetic relatedness of invasive angiosperms with respect to species pools of non-native naturalized angiosperms in North America. We divided North America into 65 state- or province-level regions, and collated naturalized and invasive species lists of angiosperms for each region. Two phylogenetic metrics (net relatedness index (NRI) and nearest taxon index (NTI)), which represent different evolutionary depths, were used to quantify phylogenetic relatedness of naturalized and invasive angiosperms in North America, with respect to different species pools. We related phylogenetic relatedness of invasive angiosperms to climatic variables. We found that most invasive angiosperm assemblages are a phylogenetically clustered subset of their respective naturalized species pools, and the phylogenetic clustering of invasive species is greater in regions with lower temperature and precipitation. The pattern of phylogenetic clustering of invasive species likely reflects phylogenetic conservatism of traits associated with invasiveness. It may also reflect a tendency towards greater invasiveness for species with novel trait combinations compared to the non-invasive naturalized species assemblages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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46. Relationships of the competitor, stress tolerator, ruderal functional strategies of grass species with lifespan, photosynthetic type, naturalization and climate.

Author

Wingler, Astrid and Sandel, Brody

Subjects
GLOBAL warming, NATURALIZATION, SPECIES, LEAF anatomy, INTRODUCED species
Abstract

Grass species (family Poaceae) are globally distributed, adapted to a wide range of climates and express a diversity of functional strategies. We explored the functional strategies of grass species using the competitor, stress tolerator, ruderal (CSR) system and asked how a species' strategy relates to its functional traits, climatic distribution and propensity to become naturalized outside its native range. We used a global set of trait data for grass species to classify functional strategies according to the CSR system based on leaf traits. Differences in strategies in relation to lifespan (annual or perennial), photosynthetic type (C3 or C4), or naturalisation (native or introduced) were investigated. In addition, correlations with traits not included in the CSR classification were analyzed, and a model was fitted to predict a species' average mean annual temperature and annual precipitation across its range as a function of CSR scores. Values for competitiveness were higher in C4 species than in C3 species, values for stress tolerance were higher in perennials than in annuals, and introduced species had more pronounced competitive-ruderal strategies than native species. Relationships between the CSR classification, based on leaf traits, and other functional traits were analyzed. Competitiveness was positively correlated with height, while ruderality was correlated with specific root length, indicating that both above- and belowground traits underlying leaf and root economics contribute to realized CSR strategies. Further, relationships between climate and CSR classification showed that species with competitive strategies were more common in warm climates and at high precipitation, whereas species with stress tolerance strategies were more common in cold climates and at low precipitation. The findings presented here demonstrate that CSR classification of functional strategies based on leaf traits matches expectations for the adaptations of grass species that underlie lifespan, photosynthetic type, naturalization and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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