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The ecology, conservation and management of the hippos of the Ruzizi Delta were investigated during the years 2019-2021, particularly during the months of April, July and October 2019. The average hippos were 449 including 132 in the Ruzizi Congolese Delta and 317 in the Rusizi Burundian Delta. In the Ruzizi Congolese Delta, the density of hippos per sampling site was: 131 hippos / km2 in the Small Ruzizi River Mouth, 74 hippos / km2 in Vugizo, 56 hippos / km2 in the Kyamvubu pond, 34 hippos / km2 in the pond of Nyangara, 12 hippos in the marshes of the village of Kahorohoro, and finally, 4 hippos / km2 in the marshes of the immigration post offices of Kavimvira and on the shore of Lake Tanganyika in Kilomoni 2. On the other hand, in the Rusizi Burundian Delta, the densities of hippos by sampling site were: 192 hippos / km2 in the Great Rusizi River Mouth, 159 hippos / km2 at the Great Rusizi River Bridge, 115 hippos / km2 in Vugizo, 99 hippos in the ponds of Mukartutsi 1 & 2, and finally 11 hippos / km2 in the marshes near the Gatumba Migration Post Offices. The average density was 115 hippos / km2 in the Rusizi Burundian Delta and only 45 hippos / km2 in the unprotected Ruzizi Congolese Delta. Student's t test clearly demonstrates that this difference is highly significant (t cal = 28.427; DL = 10; p Keywords: hippos of the Ruzizi Delta, ecology of hippos, conservation of hippos, management of hippos, density of hippos. References Bashonga, B. A. (2019). Public Awareness on tne Reauction of Threats to Crocodiles and Hippopotami in the Ruzizi Plain and the Lake Shore in Uvira DRC, Northern End of Lake Tanganyika. CEBioS, Buxelles. Blowers, T. (2008). Social Grouping Behaviours of Captive Female Hippopotamus amphibius. Florida, USA: Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 3459, 45 pages. Boisserie, J. (2017). The phylogeny and taxonomy of Hippopotamidae (Mammalia: Artiodactyla): a review based on morphology and cladistic analysis. Zool J Linn Soc 143: 1-26. https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/cdrehmer/files/2017/06/hippopotamo-STREHER.pdf 31/12/2021, 26 pages. CEQR. (2014). Animal Sampling Techniques. Dans R. K. al., City Environmental Quality Review (CEQR) TECHNICAL MANUAL (p. 8 of 833 pages). New york, USA: CEQR TECHNICAL MANUAL & Natural Resources Attachment (NRA). www.nyc.gov/oec. 05/01/2022. CEQR. (2016). City Environmental Quality Review Technical Manual, Technical Analysis Areas, 2014th Edition Revisions (Effective 4/27/16). . New York, USA: CEQR Technical Manual,833 pages. www.nyc.gov/oec 05/01/2022. Coryndon, S. C. (2016). Fossil Hippopotamidae from the Baringo Basin and relationships within the Gregory Rift, Kenya. Pennsylvania State University. http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ 31/12/2021, 14 pages. deMenocal, P. B. (1995). Plio-Pleistocene African climate. Science New Series , Volume 270 Issue 5233. Eksteen, J., Goodman, P., Whyte, I., Downs, C., & Taylor, R. (2019). A conservation assessment of Hippopotamus amphibius. Dans M. Child, L. Roxburgh, E. D. San, D. Raimondo, & H. D. Mostert, The Red List of Mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho. (p. 9 pages). Swazilland and Lesotho: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust. Eltringham, S. (1993). The common hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius). Dans O. WRL, Pigs, Peccaries and Hippos (pp. 43-55, 12 pages). Gland: IUCN. Eltringham, S. (1999). The Hippos: Natural History and Conservation. London, UK: Academic Press, 34 pages. Estes, R. D. (1992). The behaviour guide to African mammals: Including hoofed mammals, carnivores, primates. University of California Press. https://www.ucpress.edu 05/01/2022, 8 pages. Ewens, W. (1972). The Sampling Theory of Selectively Neutral Alleles, THEORETICAL POPULATION BIOLOGY 3, 87-112 (1972). Austin, Texas: . Department of Zoology, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, 26 pages. Field, C. (1970). A study of the feeding habits of the hippopotamus (H. amphibius Linn.) in the Queen Elizabeth National Park, Botswana. Davis Expedition Fund, 3 pages. Flacke, G. L. (2017). THE PYGMY HIPPOPOTAMUS (Choeropsis liberiensis), An Enigmatic Oxymoron: How a not-so-small species presents a sizeable conservation challenge, Doctoral Thesis of Philosophy. Antananarivo, Australia: University of Western Australia, 321 pages.https://api.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/2017.PDF 31/12/2021. Flagstad, Ø., Syvertsen, O., Stenseth, C., & Jakobsen, S. (2001). Environmental change and rates of evolution: the phylogeographic pattern within the hartebeest complex as related to climatic variation. Proc Royal Soc Lond Ser B 268: 667–677, 12 pages. Graham, L. H., Reid, H., Webster, T., Richards, M., & Sharon, J. (2002). Endocrine patterns associated with reproduction in the Nile hippopotamus (H. amphibius) as assessed by fecal progestagen analysis. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 128:78-81. https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/s0016-6480(02)00066-7 05/01/2022 , 8 pages. Grey, J., & Harper, D. ( 2002). Using stable isotope analyses to identify allochthonous inputs to Lake Naivasha mediated via the hippos gut. . Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 38 (4): 245–250. Howard, P., & Bertzky, B. (2020). Natural World Heritage in Africa: Progress and prospects. Nairobi, kenya & Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: BIOPAMA Programme, IUCN Regional Office for Eastern and Southern Africa (ESARO), and IUCN Regional Office for West and Central Africa (PACO), 84 pages. ITIS. ( 2007). ITIS on Hippopotamus amphibius, Integrated Taxonomic Information System. 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The checklist of bird species from the Ruzizi Delta in Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) was investigated from April 2019 until August 2021 at five sites in the Rusizi Burundian Delta and five sites in the Ruzizi Congolese Delta. Each site was visited three times a year during the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. The investigation was conducted by direct observation on transect counts, point counts and on road bird counting, using binoculars and a telescope. Travel was facilitated by the motorized fiberglass boat and the double cabin field vehicle of the Centre for Research in Hydrobiology (CRH) in Uvira, DRC. The Ruzizi Delta includes terrestrial dry areas in wooded and tree-steppe, marshes, rivers, ponds and the northern shoreline of Lake Tanganyika in Bujumbura (Burundi) and Uvira (DRC). On the coast and on the ponds, the investigation sometimes resorted to traveling in non-motorized canoes to inform us, among other things, of illegal exploitation in supposedly protected areas. At the end of our investigations, we have drawn up the list of 18 orders, 84 families and 490 species of birds that we present in this publication. Key words - Checklist of bird species; Order of bird species; Family of bird species; Bird point counts; Transect counts of birds. References Butchart, S., Stattersfield, A., & Collar, N. (2006). How many bird extinctions have we prevented? . Oryx, vol. 40, no 3,‎, 266-279. Chapman, A. D. (2005). Numbers of Species Living in Australia and in the Word. Report for the Department of the Environment and Heritage Canberra, Australia. Canberra Australia: Australian Biodiversity Information Services Toowoomba Australia. Pp 64. Chapman, A. D. (2009). Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World. 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The investigation of the management of birds in the Ruzizi Delta was conducted as part of a global doctoral research on the ecology, conservation and management of birds in the Ruzizi Delta through direct observation, the real bibliography and the virtual bibliography by internet. Direct observation led us to report on the problems of soils, hydrology, land and vegetation cover, wild animals on the banks of rivers and islets, natural ponds, lagoons and the coast of Lake Tanganyika. The real and virtual bibliography on the internet has revealed to us the development plans that we suggest for the Rusizi Burundian Delta (RBD) and for the Ruzizi Congolese Delta (RCD). It recommends the formulation of projects in synergy for the conservation of birds and biodiversity in the RBD and the RCD. For the DRC, the study recommends legislating on the creation of a community reserve for the Ruzizi Congolese wetlands delta protection as was the case before the wars of 1996-2003. 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Bird ecology in the Ruzizi Delta was investigated during the months of April, July and October 2019-2021. Three species of water birds were the most prominent, the Cattle Egret (Ardeidae), Bubulcus ibis (Linnaeus, 1758) «Héron garde boeufs», the Black Crake (Rallidae) Amaurornis flavirostris (Swainson, 1837) «Râle à bec jaune» and the Africana Jacana (Jacanidae) Actophilornis africanus (Gmelin, 1789) «Jacana a poitrine dorée». The objective pursued by the research is the sustainable conservation of birds by protecting their habitats, the wetlands of the Ruzizi Delta, particularly the unprotected Ruzizi Congolese Delta. The research documents 490 bird species including 99 (20%) in the unprotected Ruzizi Congolese Delta, 191 (39%) in the protected Rusizi Burundian Delta, and 200 species (41%) in both the Ruzizi Congolese Delta and Rusizi Burundian Delta. The research presents 60 newly reported species in the Ruzizi delta of which four are reported only in the unprotected Ruzizi Congolese Delta, 37 in the protected Rusizi Burundian Delta and 19 newly reported species both in the Ruzizi Congolese Delta and Rusizi Burundian Delta. The list of bird species now known from the Ruzizi Congolese Delta is extended by 21 species and goes from 252 to 273, while that of the Rusizi Burundian Delta is extended by 56 bird species and goes from 410 to 466. The 490 bird species are distributed into 18 orders and 84 families. 238 species meet six Ramsar criteria of seven for bird protection, of which only 29 are recorded in the unprotected Ruzizi Congolese Delta, 107 in the Rusizi protected Burundian Delta and 102 species are reported in both the Ruzizi Congolese Delta and Rusizi Burundian Delta. 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Additional file1: Figure S1 Rainfall and temperature of the study sites.