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Background and Objectives: While numerous studies have been conducted on syndesmotic screw management following distal tibiofibular diastasis repair, a clear consensus remains unclear. This research aims to evaluate whether the postoperative removal of syndesmotic screws leads to improved patient outcomes, specifically in quality of life, mobility, and daily living activities, and whether it offers a cost-effective solution. Materials and Methods: Patients with a history of unimalleolar or bimalleolar ankle fractures, classified according to the Danis-Weber and Lauge-Hansen systems, were included. Comprehensive evaluations were made via standardized questionnaires like the SF-36 Health Survey, HADS, and WHOQOL-BREF, distributed approximately 2 months post surgery. A total of 93 patients underwent syndesmotic screw removal while 51 retained the screws (conservative approach). Results: Patients who underwent screw removal reported superior satisfaction in mobility, with a score of 7.8, compared to 6.7 in the conservative approach ( p = 0.018). Similarly, their ability to perform daily activities scored 8.1, higher than the 6.5 from the conservative cohort ( p < 0.001). Pain levels were also more favorable in the screw removal group, with a score of 5.3 against 6.8 in the conservative group ( p = 0.003). On the SF-36 physical domain, the screw removal group achieved a mean score of 55.9 versus 53.3 for the conservative group ( p = 0.027). Notably, the HADS anxiety subscale highlighted reduced anxiety levels in the screw removal cohort with a mean score of 5.8 against 7.3 in the conservative group ( p = 0.006). However, overall quality of life and recommendations to others showed no significant difference between the groups. Conclusions: Syndesmotic screw removal postoperatively leads to marked improvements in patients' mobility, daily activity abilities, and reduced postoperative pain and anxiety levels. However, overall quality of life was similar between the two approaches. The findings offer valuable insights for orthopedic decision making and patient-centered care concerning the management of syndesmotic screws after distal tibiofibular diastasis repair.

Background and Objectives: This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with children diagnosed with neuropsychiatric disorders, focusing on stress dynamics and quality of life., Materials and Methods: A longitudinal survey was conducted over three years (2020-2022) involving 168 families. The survey included data on demographics, diagnosed conditions, access to therapies, mental well-being, and perceived challenges., Results: The study involved 62, 51, and 55 families in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. ADHD emerged as the most prevalent condition, diagnosed in approximately 32% of the children. The pandemic significantly affected therapy access, with parents reporting a decrease from an average score of 8.1 in 2020 to 6.5 in 2022 ( p = 0.029). Parents also reported increased feelings of being overwhelmed, peaking at 8.0 in 2021 before declining to 6.3 in 2022 ( p = 0.017). Despite these challenges, there was a positive trend in family mental well-being, with scores increasing from 5.1 in 2020 to 6.7 in 2022 ( p = 0.031). The Parental Stress Index (PSI) indicated decreasing trends in Emotional Stress and Parent-Child Communication Difficulties ( p < 0.001), and Behavioral Challenges in children showed a significant reduction across the years ( p < 0.001). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) reflected a moderate reduction in anxiety levels from 7.6 in 2020 to 6.0 in 2022 ( p = 0.038), although depression scores did not show a significant change., Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced notable challenges for families with neuropsychiatrically diagnosed children, particularly in therapy access and increased parental stress. However, the study also reveals a general improvement in family dynamics, mental well-being, and a decrease in behavioral challenges over time. The necessity of this study stems from the critical need to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on families with neuropsychiatrically diagnosed children, focusing on their resilience and adaptation in navigating therapy access, parental stress, and overall mental well-being.

Current research primarily emphasizes the generalized correlations between airborne pollution and respiratory diseases, seldom considering the differential impacts of particular particulate matter sizes on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations in distinct Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) categories. This study hypothesizes a critical association between particulate matter sizes (PM 1.0, PM 2.5, and PM 10) and exacerbation frequency in COPD patients categorized under GOLD 3 and GOLD 4, with a potential augmenting role played by proximity to main roads and industrial areas. This research aspires to offer a nuanced perspective on the exacerbation patterns in these groups, setting the stage for targeted intervention strategies. Utilizing a prospective design, this study followed 79 patients divided into GOLD 3 ( n = 47) and GOLD 4 ( n = 32) categories. The participants were monitored for ten days for daily activity levels, symptoms, living conditions, and airborne particulate matter concentrations, with spirometric evaluations employed to measure lung function. Statistical analyses were used to identify potential risk factors and significant associations. The analysis revealed substantial disparities in airborne particulate matter sizes between the two groups. The mean PM 1.0 concentration was notably higher in GOLD 4 patients (26 µg/m 3 ) compared to GOLD 3 patients (18 µg/m 3 ). Similarly, elevated PM 2.5 levels were observed in the GOLD 4 category (35 µg/m 3 ) in contrast to the GOLD 3 category (24 µg/m 3 ). A vital finding was the increased frequency of exacerbations in individuals residing within 200 m of main roads compared to those living further away (OR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5-4.1). Additionally, patients residing in homes smaller than 50 square meters demonstrated a greater frequency of exacerbations. Spirometry results corroborated the exacerbated condition in GOLD 4 patients, indicating a significant decline in lung function parameters compared to the GOLD 3 group. This study substantiates a significant association between airborne particulate matter sizes and exacerbation frequencies in COPD patients, particularly accentuating the increased risk in GOLD 4 patients. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of environmental factors, including the size of living areas and proximity to main roads, in influencing COPD exacerbations. These results suggest the need for personalized healthcare strategies and interventions, which account for environmental risk factors and the distinctions between GOLD 3 and GOLD 4 categories of COPD patients.