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1. Educational attainment of same-sex and opposite-sex dizygotic twins: An individual-level pooled study of 19 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Bogl, Leonie H., Jelenkovic, Aline, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Latvala, Antti, Li, Weilong, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordoñana, Juan R., Sánchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E.M., Rebato, Esther, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Hopper, John L., Tyler, Jessica, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Kandler, Christian, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Medda, Emanuela, Nisticò, Lorenza, Toccaceli, Virgilia, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Heikkilä, Kauko, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J.F., Magnusson, Patrik K.E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl Aslan, Anna K., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Rose, Richard J., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Published
2021
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7. Association Of Current And Former Smoking With Body Mass Index: A Study Of Smoking Discordant Twin Pairs From 21 Twin Cohorts

Author

Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, and Tan, Qihua

Abstract

Background

Published
2018

8. Association of current and former smoking with body mass index:A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts

Author

Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret, I, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Piirtola, Maarit, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Watanabe, Mikio, Tomizawa, Rie, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Medland, Sarah E., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Busjahn, Andreas, Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Silberg, Judy L., Maes, Hermine H., Boomsma, Dorret, I, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Korhonen, Tellervo, Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m2 higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m2 higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ co-twins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade.CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m2.

Published
2018

9. Education in twins and their parents across birth cohorts over 100 years : an individual-level pooled analysis of 42 twin cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J, Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling V, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, OEncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F, Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R, Sanchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Maia, Jose A, Freitas, Duarte L, Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A, Vlietinck, Robert F, Loos, Ruth J F, Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A, Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L, Hopper, John L, Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J, Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E, Mack, Thomas M, Siribaddana, Sisira H, Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling V, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L, Whitfield, Keith E, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H, Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L, Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Magnusson, Patrik K E, Pedersen, Nancy L, Aslan, Anna K Dahl, Corley, Robin P, Huibregtse, Brooke M, OEncel, Sevgi Y, Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F, Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E M, Silberg, Judy L, Eaves, Lindon J, Maes, Hermine H, Harris, Jennifer R, Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S, Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A, Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R, Sanchez-Romera, Juan F, Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A, Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H, Harden, K Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M, Duncan, Glen E, Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D, Tarnoki, David L, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Lyons, Michael J, Maia, Jose A, Freitas, Duarte L, Turkheimer, Eric, Sorensen, Thorkild I A, Boomsma, Dorret I, and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990-1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017

10. Education in Twins and Their Parents Across Birth Cohorts Over 100 years:An Individual-Level Pooled Analysis of 42-Twin Cohorts

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Latvala, Antti, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Ullemar, Vilhelmina, Almqvist, Catarina, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Kandler, Christian, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Rebato, Esther, Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, Brescianini, Sonia, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Busjahn, Andreas, Saudino, Kimberly J., Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Rose, Richard J., Koskenvuo, Markku, Heikkilae, Kauko, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Sung, Joohon, Kim, Jina, Lee, Jooyeon, Lee, Sooji, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Llewellyn, Clare H., Fisher, Abigail, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Knafo-Noam, Ariel, Mankuta, David, Abramson, Lior, Medland, Sarah E., Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Aslan, Anna K. Dahl, Corley, Robin P., Huibregtse, Brooke M., OEncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Krueger, Robert F., Mcgue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Willemsen, Gonneke, Bartels, Meike, Van Beijsterveldt, Catharina E. M., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas S., Rasmussen, Finn, Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Lichtenstein, Paul, Goldberg, Jack H., Harden, K. Paige, Tucker-Drob, Elliot M., Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Maia, Jose A., Freitas, Duarte L., Turkheimer, Eric, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Boomsma, Dorret I., and Kaprio, Jaakko

Abstract

Whether monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins differ from each other in a variety of phenotypes is important for genetic twin modeling and for inferences made from twin studies in general. We analyzed whether there were differences in individual, maternal and paternal education between MZ and DZ twins in a large pooled dataset. Information was gathered on individual education for 218,362 adult twins from 27 twin cohorts (53% females; 39% MZ twins), and on maternal and paternal education for 147,315 and 143,056 twins respectively, from 28 twin cohorts (52% females; 38% MZ twins). Together, we had information on individual or parental education from 42 twin cohorts representing 19 countries. The original education classifications were transformed to education years and analyzed using linear regression models. Overall, MZ males had 0.26 (95% CI [0.21, 0.31]) years and MZ females 0.17 (95% CI [0.12, 0.21]) years longer education than DZ twins. The zygosity difference became smaller in more recent birth cohorts for both males and females. Parental education was somewhat longer for fathers of DZ twins in cohorts born in 1990–1999 (0.16 years, 95% CI [0.08, 0.25]) and 2000 or later (0.11 years, 95% CI [0.00, 0.22]), compared with fathers of MZ twins. The results show that the years of both individual and parental education are largely similar in MZ and DZ twins. We suggest that the socio-economic differences between MZ and DZ twins are so small that inferences based upon genetic modeling of twin data are not affected.

Published
2017

11. The Codatwins Project: The Cohort Description Of Collaborative Project Of Development Of Anthropometrical Measures In Twins To Study Macro-Environmental Variation In Genetic And Environmental Effects On Anthropometric Traits

Author

Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Aaltonen, Sari, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Ning, Feng, Ji, Fuling, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, and McAdams, Tom A.

Abstract

For over 100 years, the genetics of human anthropometric traits has attracted scientific interest. In particular, height and body mass index (BMI, calculated as kg/m(2)) have been under intensive genetic research. However, it is still largely unknown whether and how heritability estimates vary between human populations. Opportunities to address this question have increased recently because of the establishment of many new twin cohorts and the increasing accumulation of data in established twin cohorts. We started a new research project to analyze systematically (1) the variation of heritability estimates of height, BMI and their trajectories over the life course between birth cohorts, ethnicities and countries, and (2) to study the effects of birth-related factors, education and smoking on these anthropometric traits and whether these effects vary between twin cohorts. We identified 67 twin projects, including both monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins, using various sources. We asked for individual level data on height and weight including repeated measurements, birth related traits, background variables, education and smoking. By the end of 2014, 48 projects participated. Together, we have 893,458 height and weight measures (52% females) from 434,723 twin individuals, including 201,192 complete twin pairs (40% monozygotic, 40% same-sex dizygotic and 20% opposite-sex dizygotic) representing 22 countries. This project demonstrates that large-scale international twin studies are feasible and can promote the use of existing data for novel research purposes.

Published
2015

12. Zygosity Differences In Height And Body Mass Index Of Twins From Infancy To Old Age: A Study Of The Codatwins Project

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Sund, Reijo, Honda, Chika, Bogl, Leonie H., Aaltonen, Sari, Ji, Fuling, Ning, Feng, Pang, Zengchang, Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Kandler, Christian, McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., and Gregory, Alice M.

Abstract

A trend toward greater body size in dizygotic (DZ) than in monozygotic (MZ) twins has been suggested by some but not all studies, and this difference may also vary by age. We analyzed zygosity differences in mean values and variances of height and body mass index (BMI) among male and female twins from infancy to old age. Data were derived from an international database of 54 twin cohorts participating in the COllaborative project of Development of Anthropometrical measures in Twins (CODATwins), and included 842,951 height and BMI measurements from twins aged 1 to 102 years. The results showed that DZ twins were consistently taller than MZ twins, with differences of up to 2.0 cm in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.9 cm in adulthood. Similarly, a greater mean BMI of up to 0.3 kg/m(2) in childhood and adolescence and up to 0.2 kg/m(2) in adulthood was observed in DZ twins, although the pattern was less consistent. DZ twins presented up to 1.7% greater height and 1.9% greater BMI than MZ twins; these percentage differences were largest in middle and late childhood and decreased with age in both sexes. The variance of height was similar in MZ and DZ twins at most ages. In contrast, the variance of BMI was significantly higher in DZ than in MZ twins, particularly in childhood. In conclusion, DZ twins were generally taller and had greater BMI than MZ twins, but the differences decreased with age in both sexes.

Published
2015

13. Genetic and environmental influences on adult human height across birth cohorts from 1886 to 1994

Author

Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Aaltonen, Sari, Heikkila, Kauko, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Sun, Joohon, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl-Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Lichtenstein, Paul, Spector, Timothy D., Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P., Hjelmborg, Jacob v B., Goldberg, Jack H., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Rasmussen, Finn, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, Silventoinen, Karri, Jelenkovic, Aline, Hur, Yoon-Mi, Sund, Reijo, Yokoyama, Yoshie, Siribaddana, Sisira H., Hotopf, Matthew, Sumathipala, Athula, Rijsdijk, Fruhling, Tan, Qihua, Zhang, Dongfeng, Pang, Zengchang, Aaltonen, Sari, Heikkila, Kauko, Oncel, Sevgi Y., Aliev, Fazil, Rebato, Esther, Tarnoki, Adam D., Tarnoki, David L., Christensen, Kaare, Skytthe, Axel, Kyvik, Kirsten O., Silberg, Judy L., Eaves, Lindon J., Maes, Hermine H., Cutler, Tessa L., Hopper, John L., Ordonana, Juan R., Sanchez-Romera, Juan F., Colodro-Conde, Lucia, Cozen, Wendy, Hwang, Amie E., Mack, Thomas M., Sun, Joohon, Song, Yun-Mi, Yang, Sarah, Lee, Kayoung, Franz, Carol E., Kremen, William S., Lyons, Michael J., Busjahn, Andreas, Nelson, Tracy L., Whitfield, Keith E., Kandler, Christian, Jang, Kerry L., Gatz, Margaret, Butler, David A., Stazi, Maria A., Fagnani, Corrado, D'Ippolito, Cristina, Duncan, Glen E., Buchwald, Dedra, Derom, Catherine A., Vlietinck, Robert F., Loos, Ruth J. F., Martin, Nicholas G., Medland, Sarah E., Montgomery, Grant W., Jeong, Hoe-Uk, Swan, Gary E., Krasnow, Ruth, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Pedersen, Nancy L., Dahl-Aslan, Anna K., McAdams, Tom A., Eley, Thalia C., Gregory, Alice M., Tynelius, Per, Baker, Laura A., Tuvblad, Catherine, Bayasgalan, Gombojav, Narandalai, Danshiitsoodol, Lichtenstein, Paul, Spector, Timothy D., Mangino, Massimo, Lachance, Genevieve, Bartels, Meike, van Beijsterveldt, Toos C. E. M., Willemsen, Gonneke, Burt, S. Alexandra, Klump, Kelly L., Harris, Jennifer R., Brandt, Ingunn, Nilsen, Thomas Sevenius, Krueger, Robert F., McGue, Matt, Pahlen, Shandell, Corley, Robin P., Hjelmborg, Jacob v B., Goldberg, Jack H., Iwatani, Yoshinori, Watanabe, Mikio, Honda, Chika, Inui, Fujio, Rasmussen, Finn, Huibregtse, Brooke M., Boomsma, Dorret I., Sørensen, Thorkild I.A., Kaprio, Jaakko, and Silventoinen, Karri

Abstract

Human height variation is determined by genetic and environmental factors, but it remains unclear whether their influences differ across birth-year cohorts. We conducted an individual-based pooled analysis of 40 twin cohorts including 143,390 complete twin pairs born 1886–1994. Although genetic variance showed a generally increasing trend across the birth-year cohorts, heritability estimates (0.69-0.84 in men and 0.53-0.78 in women) did not present any clear pattern of secular changes. Comparing geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia), total height variance was greatest in North America and Australia and lowest in East Asia, but no clear pattern in the heritability estimates across the birth-year cohorts emerged. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that heritability of height is lower in populations with low living standards than in affluent populations, nor that heritability of height will increase within a population as living standards improve.

Published
2016

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