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1. PAIN PLUG EXPLANT USING TAPP TECHNIQUE

Author

Curado-Soriano, A, primary, Infantes-Ormad, M, additional, Sanchez-Ramirez, M, additional, Valera Sanchez, Z, additional, Naranjo Fernandez, J R, additional, and Morales Conde, S, additional

Published
2024
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2. LIRA WITHOUT TRAUMATIC FIXATIONS

Author

Curado-Soriano, A, primary, Infantes-Ormad, M, additional, Sanchez-Ramirez, M, additional, Valera Sanchez, Z, additional, Naranjo Fernandez, J R, additional, and Morales Conde, S, additional

Published
2024
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12. Assessing mutual accountability to strengthen national WASH systems and achieve the SDG targets for water and sanitation

Author

Dickin, S, Syed, A, Qowamuna, N, Njoroge, G, Liera, C, Al'Afghani, MM, Chowdhury, S, Sanchez, Z, Salad, AM, Winterford, K, Uijtewaal, E, Roaf, V, Butterworth, J, Willetts, J, Dickin, S, Syed, A, Qowamuna, N, Njoroge, G, Liera, C, Al'Afghani, MM, Chowdhury, S, Sanchez, Z, Salad, AM, Winterford, K, Uijtewaal, E, Roaf, V, Butterworth, J, and Willetts, J

Published
2023

13. The Analysis and Modeling of Voltage Survivability in Power Systems

Author

Saleh, S. A., Betancourt, O., Ozkop, E., Ahshan, R., Zundel, E., Sanchez, Z., and Meng, J.

Abstract

The introduction of load-side control actions, to implement smart grid functions or integrate distributed generation units, has created a new source for power system dynamic events. Such events can have the capacity to adversely impact the stability in power systems. The growing interests in load-side control actions mandate the analysis and modeling of their contribution to voltage and frequency dynamics in power systems. This paper presents the analysis, development, and testing of a voltage-survivability based method for modeling the contributions of load-side control actions to power system voltage dynamics and stability. The developed method is structured using a voltage-survivability index $\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{\boldsymbol{V}}$ that is defined at bus in terms of the difference in reactive power injection before and after a load-side control action. The boundary values of the index $\boldsymbol{\Gamma}_{\boldsymbol{V}}$ are derived in order to identify survivable and non-survivable load-side control actions. The voltage-survivability based method is implemented and tested for the Barbados power system. Performance tests are conducted for integrating distributed generation units, as well as implementing demand response at several load buses. Results of conducted tests demonstrate the ability of voltage-survivability based method to accurately model and quantify the impacts of load-sides activities on the bus voltages in the test power system.

Published
2024
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14. MicroRNA-mediated regulation of key signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma: A mechanistic insight

Author

Luis M. Ruiz-Manriquez, Oscar Carrasco-Morales, E. Adrian Sanchez Z, Sofía Madeline Osorio-Perez, Carolina Estrada-Meza, Surajit Pathak, Antara Banerjee, Anindya Bandyopadhyay, Asim K. Duttaroy, and Sujay Paul

Subjects
Genetics, Molecular Medicine, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. The molecular pathogenesis of HCC varies due to the different etiologies and genotoxic insults. The development of HCC is characterized by complex interactions between several etiological factors that result in genetic and epigenetic changes in proto-onco and/or tumor suppressor genes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that also can act as oncomiRs or tumor suppressors regulating the expression of cancer-associated genes post-transcriptionally. Studies revealed that several microRNAs are directly or indirectly involved in cellular signaling, and dysregulation of those miRNAs in the body fluids or tissues potentially affects key signaling pathways resulting in carcinogenesis. Therefore, in this mini-review, we discussed recent progress in microRNA-mediated regulation of crucial signaling networks during HCC development, concentrating on the most relevant ones such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, Hippo-YAP/TAZ, and Wnt/β-catenin, which might open new avenues in HCC management.

Published
2022

19. Assessing mutual accountability to strengthen national WASH systems and achieve the SDG targets for water and sanitation

Author

Dickin, S, Syed, A, Qowamuna, N, Njoroge, G, Liera, C, Al'Afghani, MM, Chowdhury, S, Sanchez, Z, Salad, AM, Winterford, K, Uijtewaal, E, Roaf, V, Butterworth, J, Willetts, J, Dickin, S, Syed, A, Qowamuna, N, Njoroge, G, Liera, C, Al'Afghani, MM, Chowdhury, S, Sanchez, Z, Salad, AM, Winterford, K, Uijtewaal, E, Roaf, V, Butterworth, J, and Willetts, J

Abstract

Abstract Multi-stakeholder engagement is critical for making progress towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 ‘Ensure access to water and sanitation for all’, which is currently off track to be achieved by 2030. The aim of this paper was to investigate mutual accountability and multi-stakeholder platforms in the WASH sector in a diverse range of countries. Data were collected by Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) Research and Learning Constituency partners and collaborators in five SWA member countries: Bangladesh, Indonesia, Kenya, Peru and Somalia. Data collection involved document review, key informant interviews and workshops, and an online questionnaire. Across all the case study countries, there were no clear examples of mutual accountability mechanisms being widely used in the WASH sector. However, the findings indicate that some of the case study countries have active WASH multi-stakeholder platforms involving a range of actors from government, civil society and the private sector; however, these typically function as coordination and communication platforms rather than supporting mutual accountability. Other case study countries did not have multi-stakeholder platforms involving a diverse range of actors, and instead had platforms established for single stakeholder groups such as the private sector or civil society, leaving certain groups out of activities. Overall, the study highlights the importance of establishing strong multi-stakeholder processes and platforms that bring together a range of actors including government, civil society, private sector, research actors, and WASH external support organizations. Such platforms could provide a foundation to enable mutual accountability between these actors by providing a space to set commitments and monitor progress and have potential to strengthen WASH systems both nationally and globally.

Published
2022

20. Topic: Incisional Hernia — “Difficult case” as specialistic case: real loss of substance, multi recurrences, infections, fistulas, lombocel, burst abdomen, reconstruction of the entire wall

Author

Tuveri, M., Tuveri, A., Nicolo, E., Tsuruma, T., Nagayama, M., Nakano, S., Trombetta, F., Moscato, R., Ghiglione, F., Ciamporcero, T., Galasso, E., Morino, M., Tharao, M., Ndungu, B., Saidi, H., Mwige, P., Gichere, J., Skipworth, J., Younis, I., Floyd, D., Shankar, A., Sarangi, Rathindra, Morehead, P., Williams, J., Minamimura, K., Mafune, K., Irie, S., Kobayashi, T., Hirata, T., Matapurkar, B., Bhargave, A., Lopez-Monclus, J., Garcia-Ureña, M. A., Blazquez-Hernando, L. A., Melero-Montes, D. A., Robin, A., Jimenez-Ceinos, C., Becerra-Ortiz, R., Aguilera, A., Moreno, A., González, E., Light, D., Horgan, L., Lambrecht, J., Skauby, M., Trondsen, E., Vaktskjold, A., Øyen, O., Kulic, V., Matkovic, M., Knaapen, L., Lomme, R., Goor van, H., Iudica, F., Cingolani, P., Isemer, F., Sohlbach, D., Gregorczyk, M., Barski, K., Gogia, B., Alyautdinov, R., Forgione, U., Damiano, G., Palumbo, V. D., Spinelli, G., Ficarella, S., Buscemi, S., Sinagra, E., Marrazzo, A., Lo Monte, A. I., Naranjo-Fernandez, J. R., Soriano, A. Cuado, Orta, E. Martin, Valera-Sanchez, Z., Intantes-Ormad, M., Piñan-Diez, J., Dominguez-Amodeo, A., Ruiz-Zafra, A., Navarrete-Carcer, E., Olivia-Mompean, F., Padillo-Ruiz, J., Cijan, V., Scepanovic, M., Bojovic, P., Bustos-Jimenez, M., Tamayo-López, M. J., MartÜn-Cartes, J. A., Rapoport, A., Waksman, I., Efremov, O., Bukin, A., Biswas, S., Birolini, C., Miranda, J. S., Utiyama, E. M., Rasslan, S., Birolini, D., Bertoglio, C., Magistro, C., De Martini, P., Lo Conte, D., Di Lernia, S., Ferrari, G., Pugliese, R., Bendavid, Y., Dépeault, A., Baik, Y., Oh, Mingu, Park, Youngjin, Choi, Wonyoung, Han, Inwoong, Lee, Changhyung, Chen, F. Q., Shen, Y. M., and Chen, J.

Published
2015
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21. Quick Hot Shot & Young Surgeon Presentation

Author

Gu, Y., Yang, Z., Song, Z. C., Yang, J. J., Nie, X., Quiles-Pérez, M. T., López-Cano, M., Armengol-Carrasco, M., Arbós-Vía, M. A., Thiels, C., El Khatib, M., Aho, J., Ruparel, R., Schiller, H., Bringman, S., Doerhoff, C., Hope, W., Chudy, M., Romanowski, C., Jones, P., Grossi, J., Nicola, F. F., Zepeda, I. A., Horn, R. F., Crussius, T., Becker, M., Von Diemen, V., Trindade, E. N., Trindade, M. R. M., Ertem, M., Gök, H., Yildiz, E., Ozveri, E., Berney, C., Eng, A., Chan, W. H., Goh, Y. C., Ong, H. S., Wong, W. K., Wise, K., Gibreel, W., Sawyer, M., Feleshtynsky, Y., Smishchuk, V. V., Vatamanyuk, V. F., Curado-Soriano, A., Infantes-Ormad, M., Naranjo-Fernandez, J. R., Dominguez-Amodeo, A., Valera-Sanchez, Z., Zafra, A. Ruiz, Navarrete-Carcer, E., Oliva-Mompean, F., Padillo-Ruiz, J., Uemura, Y., Matsubara, T., Kigawa, G., Wakabayashi, T., Kijima, K., Harada, Y., Shinmura, K., Yokomizo, K., Sakuraba, K., Tanaka, J., Tse, P., Wong, C. Y., Uksov, A., Gómez, V. Avalos, Hernandez, M., Franklin, M., Paulín, B., Razi, K., Light, D., Horgan, L., Degheili, J., Hosn, M. Aboul, Lakis, M., and Hallal, A.

Published
2015
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22. Topic: Inguinal Hernia — Fixation

Author

Wadhawan, R., Gupta, M., Laharwal, A., Tsai, C., Tang, S., Hu, J., Tan, W. B., Clara, E. Sta, Prakash, P., Shabbir, A., Lomanto, D., Takahashi, M., Matsuya, H., Nishinari, N., Szura, M., Pasternak, A., Kibil, W., Solecki, R., Matyja, A., Porter, A., Berney, C., Niebuhr, H., Mayer, F., Köckerling, F., Lal, D., Klobusicky, P., Feyerherd, P., Ates, M., Kinaci, E., Kose, E., Soyer, V., Sarici, B., Cuglan, S., Korkmaz, F., Dirican, A., Gómez-Menchero, J., Jurado, P. J., Luque, J. Bellido, Moreno, J. García, Grau, J. M. Suarez, Jurado, J. F. Guadalajara, Giubileo, M., Federico, L., De Nigris, S., Ventura, P., García-Pastor, P., Carbonell-Tatay, F., Torregrosa-Gallud, A., Forgione, U., Feleshtynsky, Y., Vatamanyuk, V. F., Svyrydovsky, S. A., Kokhanevych, A. V., Curado-Soriano, A., Infantes-Ormad, M., Valera-Sanchez, Z., Dominguez-Amodeo, A., Naranjo-Fernandez, J. R., Ruiz Zafra, A., Navarrete-Carcer, E., Oliva-Mompean, F., Padillo-Ruiz, J., Brochado, J., Farah, F., Nicastro, R. G., Condi, G. A., De Marco, M., Samaan, R., Radtke, M. C., Ji, Z., and Li, J.

Published
2015
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23. Topic: Recent Innovations in Hernia Surgery

Author

Vestberg, R., Guerin, M., Radlovic, A., Lefranc, O., Ladet, S., Takahashi, M., Matsuya, H., Nishinari, N., Matsui, Y., Tosya, T., Minagawa, Y., Shimooki, O., Abe, T., Pietrantoni, S., Pietrantoni, C., Nguyen, D., Szomstein, S., Dip, F., Rajan, M., Lo Menzo, E., Rosenthal, R., Musil, J., Kohoutek, L., Plechacova, P., Gryga, A., Marek, D., Bures, T., Mora, M., Kowalski, R., Desilets, D., Romanelli, J., Earle, D., Mommers, E., Wegdam, J., Nienhuijs, S., de Vries Reilingh, T., Giordano, P., Majumder, A., Hope, W., Novitsky, Y. N., Köhler, G., Emmanuel, K., Schrittwieser, R., Kuniyoshi, N., Nishihara, M., Miyahira, T., Hanashiro, N., Okushima, N., Takushi, Y., Aka, H., Nakagawa, H., Takehara, H., Kudsi, O., Piscoya, J., Naranjo-Fernandez, J. R., Curado-Soriano, A., Martin-Orta, E., Infantes-Ormad, M., Valera-Sanchez, Z., Piñan-Diez, J., Dominguez-Amodeo, A., Ruiz-Zafra, A., Navarrete-Carcer, E., Oliva-Mompean, F., Padillo-Ruiz, J., Holihan, J., Alawadi, Z. M., Kao, L. S., Liang, M. K., Henriksen, N. A., Meisner, S., Jorgensen, L. N., Morales-Conde, S., Gómez-Menchero, J., del Agua, I. Alarcón, Ramirez, M. Sanchez, Macías, M. Socas, Moreno, A. Barranco, Luque, J. A. Bellido, Grau, J. M. Suarez, Eckhert, III, K., Costanzi, A., Miranda, A., Pessi, F., Galfrascoli, E., Crippa, J., Mari, G., Maggioni, D., Augenstein, V., Colavita, P., Wormer, B., Walters, A., Bradley, J., Dacey, K., Lincourt, A., Horton, J., Kercher, K., Heniford, T., Tian, M. L., Wang, M. G., Chen, J., Xiu, D. R., Nie, Y. S., Zhao, X. F., Liu, J., Yao, H. W., Jiang, B., Zhang, L. F., Wang, H. Y., Gerhart, C., Dheri, A., Harth, R., Marr, D., Mensch, D., and Thoma, M. Roke

Published
2015
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25. Navigating Potential Nutrient Depletions in College Women Taking Birth Control Pills and Creation of a Booklet Guide Eat for Your Hormones

Author

Laura, Sanchez Z

Abstract

Nearly all women use contraception at any given time in their lifetime. Most women take oral contraceptive (OC) pills to prevent pregnancy; however, 14% use them for non-contraceptive purposes. While the pill benefits and empowers women to decide whether to have a child and work outside their homes, women often do not have access to resources to reduce the potential risks associated with the pill. Physicians and other healthcare professionals should be aware of more nutrition risks than commonly understood while on the OC to treat patients and clients better.

Published
2022
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28. An adapted smoking-cessation intervention for Turkish-speaking migrants in Switzerland: Predictors of smoking outcomes at one-year follow-up

Author

Sanchez, Zila M, Sanchez, Z M ( Zila M ), Paz Castro, Raquel; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-900X, Schaub, Michael P; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-4005, Salis Gross, Corina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-2869, Sanchez, Zila M, Sanchez, Z M ( Zila M ), Paz Castro, Raquel; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4451-900X, Schaub, Michael P; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-4005, and Salis Gross, Corina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3222-2869

Abstract

Background Migrant populations usually report higher smoking rates. Among those migrant populations, Turkish- and Kurdish-speaking migrants are often overrepresented. Providing equal access to health services is one of the major challenges of our time. The need for adapted smoking-cessation treatments for Turkish-speaking populations to achieve equity in health led, in 2006, to the development and implementation of the Tiryaki-Kukla smoking-cessation program. The aims of the current study were to evaluate one-year quit rates for smoking-cessation courses held from 2006–2018 and investigate whether certain characteristics predict long-term smoking cessation or reduction. Methods Program evaluation included a pre/post questionnaire (session 1/ 3 months after the quit day) and a follow-up telephone call twelve months after the quit day. To elucidate factors associated with long-term smoking cessation and reduction, Cox regression analysis and Weighted Generalized Equation Models were used. Results Of the 478 who participated in smoking-cessation courses, 45.4% declared themselves non-smokers at one-year follow-up. This quit rate is higher than that achieved during the preliminary evaluation of the program involving 61 participants (37.7%). Predictors of long-term smoking cessation were course length (eight vs. six sessions) (95% CI = 1.04–1.36, p = .01), adherence to the course (95% CI = 0.98–0.99, p<0.01), use of pharmacotherapy or nicotine replacement therapy products (95% CI = 0.74–0.98, p = .02), and time passed in the morning until the first cigarette is smoked (95% CI$^{5min}$ = 1.17–1.77, p<0.001; 95% CI$^{30min}$ = 1.09–1.65, p<0.01). Predictors of change in cigarettes smoked per day among smokers were—the time passed until the first cigarette in the morning (5min p < .001; 30min p < .001; 60min p < .01)-, gender (p < .001), and level of motivation to quit at baseline (p = .04). Conclusions Our findings are consistent with existing evidence supporting adapted s

Published
2021

31. Topic: Incisional Hernia — Parastomal

Author

Evans, L., Swafe, L., Fielding, A., Speakman, C., Curado-Soriano, A., Infantes-Ormad, M., Valera-Sanchez, Z., Naranjo-Fernandez, J. R., Dominguez-Amodeo, A., Ruiz-Zafra, A., Navarrete-Carcer, E., Oliva-Mompean, F., Padillo-Ruiz, J., Ciccarese, F., Cesana, G., Uccelli, M., Carrieri, D., Castello, G., Bonfanti, G., Grava, G., Legnani, G., and Olmi, S.

Published
2015
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34. The phenotype of the Adult Mexican Patient with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Baseline characteristics of the REMEHIP Registry. The REMEHIP Investigators.

Author

Pulido Zamudio, Tomás, primary, Sandoval, Julio, additional, Sanchez Z Diaz, Carlos Jerjes, additional, Ramirez, Alicia, additional, Beltran, Miguel, additional, Seoane, Mario, additional, Moreno, Juan Francisco, additional, Gutiérrez-Fajardo, Pedro, additional, Elizalde, Jose Javier, additional, Cueto, Guillermo, additional, García, Humberto, additional, and Parra, Rodolfo, additional

Published
2018
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45. Very low photo-CVD deposition rate process for high quality thin SiO/sub 2/ films

Author

J. Munguia, Magali Estrada, and V.M. Sanchez-Z

Subjects
Atomic layer deposition, Materials science, genetic structures, Chemical engineering, Physical vapor deposition, Ion plating, Deposition (phase transition), Combustion chemical vapor deposition, Thin film, Electron beam physical vapor deposition, Pulsed laser deposition
Abstract

Very low deposition rates, below 0.56 nm/min, of SiO/sub 2/ were investigated using photo-induced chemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD). These low deposition rates are adequate to grow very thin and ultra thin layers of SiO/sub 2/. Details on the design of the reaction chamber, reactive gases and process parameters to obtain the desired deposition regime are presented. Dependence of deposition rate on pressure in the chamber is discussed. Deposited layers were characterized using I-V and C-V techniques.

Published
2003

46. Verificación del tribosistema, una herramienta para la identificación y análisis de fallas

Author

Pérez R., Eduardo A., Sanchez Z., Fabian A., Pérez R., Eduardo A., and Sanchez Z., Fabian A.

Abstract

Esta investigación tiene la finalidad de presentar resultados experimentales apoyados y validados por la literatura, además del analizar el tribosistema y las condiciones en que interactúan las superficies y el entorno, que incluye los triboelementos para el par de rodamientos YET 210 (Soporte SY 510M) de marca SKF de una zaranda vibratoria en la industria minera de trituración de carbonato de calcio CaCO3 (mármol). El análisis del tribosistema permitió identificar las causas de las averías y crear acciones para su eliminación, al mismo tiempo que disminuir la temperatura de los rodamientos, frecuencia de reengrase y aumentar la vida útil de los mismos.

Published
2009

47. Haplotypic characterization of the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) in northwest Mexico: the northernmost limit of its distribution

Author

Campista León, S., Beltrán Espinoza, J. A., Sosa Cornejo, I., Castillo Ureta, H., Martín del Campo Flores, J. R, Sánchez Zazueta, J. G., and Peinado Guevara, L. I.

Subjects
endangered species, mtdna, control region (d–loop), haplotypic and nucleotidic diversity, olive ridley turtle, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The olive ridley sea turtle (L. olivacea) has a pantropical distribution. In the Eastern Pacific, the official limits of its reproduction area are south of the Baja California peninsula and south of Sinaloa, Mexico. Ceuta beach in Elota, Sinaloa, Mexico, has served as a protection site for L. olivacea for over three decades. In this study, the L. olivacea population from Ceuta beach was genetically characterized. Specifically, a 712–bp fragment from the control region of mtDNA was amplified from 32 olive ridley turtles. Eight haplotypes (seven after cutting to ~468 bp) were identified, and these included two novel haplotypes (Lo–T7 and Lo–T8) and five haplotypes that were previously identified in other nesting beaches. The Lo–T2 haplotype was dominant (~60 %) in the samples: h = 0.6048 (± 0.0974) and π = 0.002212 (± 0.001504). Although this study was conducted in the northernmost limit of the olive ridley turtle nesting distribution in the eastern Pacific, the sampled group presents moderate genetic diversity and belongs to a population that, on an evolutionary scale, only recently underwent demographic expansion. Because the olive ridley turtle in the eastern Pacific is considered resilient to environmental variation, nesting area studies in northwest Mexico are necessary.

Published
2019
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48. Association of cyberbullying with depression in high school adolescents.

Author

Dominguez, J. Villegas, Sanchez, Z. Garcia, Chiquito, H. A. Olazo, Monroy, J. Murillo, and Celdonio, F. G. Marquez

Subjects
*CONFERENCES & conventions, *MENTAL depression, *PSYCHOLOGY of high school students, *CYBERBULLYING, *ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

Background: During the SARS-COV 2 pandemic, schools in Mexico adapted to the online modality as a strategy to contain the epidemic, being this new modality for high school students, which could facilitate, together with their social context, a damage to their mental health. Objectives: To determine the association of cyberbullying with depression in high school adolescents. A comparative, observational, cross-sectional and prospective study was carried out in Veracruz, Mexico, between January and April 2021, including high school students with online classes, and those with a diagnosis of depression, anxiety or if they were consuming drugs that It could alter your mood. A non-probabilistic sampling was carried out and the DASS-21 test (Cronbach 0.87) was applied to determine stress, anxiety and depression and the ECIPQ test to determine cyberbullying (cronbach 0.87) Results: 311 students were included, of which 129 (41.5%) were men, with brown skin in 63.7%, white (32.2%) and yellow in 4.2%, with bisexual sexual preference in 8.4%, with depression in 43.4% %, anxiety 42.8%, stress 26.7%, being cyber victims 43.1% and cyberbullying 20.6%. Being a cybervictim presents OR for depression of 4.1 (95% CI 2.5-6.6), OR for anxiety of 3.8 (95% CI 2.4-6.2), stress OR of 4.2 (95% CI 2.5-7.3). The factors that facilitate cyberbullying were having yellow skin color with OR 4.6 (95% CI 1.2-17.3) and being bisexual with OR 5.0 (95% CI 1.9-12.8), all with a value of p < 0.05. Conclusions: being a cybervictim facilitates the presence of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents. Having yellow skin color and being bisexual increases the risk of cyberbullying Key messages: Being a cybervictim facilitates the presence of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents. Having yellow skin color and being bisexual increases the risk of cyberbullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

49. Establishement of the dorso-ventral pattern during embryonic development of drosophila melanogasater: a logical analysis

Author

Sanchez, z, van Helden, Jacques, Thieffry, Denis, Sanchez, z, van Helden, Jacques, and Thieffry, Denis

Abstract

This report focuses on dorso-ventral patterning in the segmented region of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. According to the concept of positional information, this pattern results from the different response of cells to the Dorsal-protein morphogen. This protein shows a distribution gradient along the dorso-ventral axis, with the highest concentration on the ventral side. Using the generalized logical formalism developed by R. Thomas and co-workers, the different cellular responses were analysed in terms of the intracellular loops between the regulatory genes. Two positive loops were found to be involved, each constituting a switch which can be acted upon by the Dorsal morphogen to determine the different cell types that make up the embryonic dorso-ventral pattern. The novelty in this use of generalized logical formalism is the employment of a multilevel variable to represent a morphogen gradient. The proposed model accounts for the essential qualitative effects of the Dorsal gradient in the dorso-ventral determination process. Three main conclusions may be drawn. Firstly, the gene twist needs to have two functional threshold concentrations, one for autoactivation and the other for activation of the gene snail. Secondly, the autoactivation threshold must be smaller than that which activates snail. Thirdly, the action of the gene snail on the maintenance function of the gene twist is crucial for cells to be able to choose between the mesoderm or neuroectoderm developmental pathways. Furthermore, it is predicted that if the gene snail shows autoregulation, this will not be crucial for the determination of the embryonic D-V pattern. Copyright 1997 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1997 Academic Press Limited, JOURNAL ARTICLE, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
1997

50. Religious treatments for drug addiction: an exploratory study in Brazil.

Author

van der Meer Sanchez Z and Nappo SA

Abstract

The main objective of the present work is to understand the processes used in emerging Catholic and Protestant religious interventions for recovery from drug dependence, from the vantage point of individuals subjected to them. A qualitative method and an intentional sample selected by criteria were adopted for this investigation, which was conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil. An in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted with 57 predominantly male former drug users who fit the criteria: they had been submitted to non-medical religious treatments to treat dependence and were abstinent for at least 6 months. Crisis was found to be the main reason leading interviewees to seek treatment; this includes, losing family, losing employment, and experiencing severe humiliation. Evangelicals most used religious resources exclusively as treatment, showing strong aversion to the role of doctors and to any type of pharmacological treatment. A common feature of Catholic and Protestant groups is the importance ascribed to praying and talking to God, described by subjects as strongly anxiolytic, and a means to control drug craving. Confession and forgiveness, through faith conversion or penitences, respectively, appeal strongly to the restructuring of life and increase of self-esteem. Religious interventions were considered effective by the individuals who underwent them and were seen as attractive for the humane, respectful treatment they delivered. The key aspects of this type of treatment are social support provided by the receiving group, equal treatment, and instant, judgment-free acceptance. The success of these actions, then, is not only due to some 'supernatural' aspect, as might be assumed, but also more to the unconditional dedication of human beings to their peers. Given the difficulty in treating drug dependence, religious interventions could be used as a complementary treatment for conventional therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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