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Abstract: Cutaneous neoplasia is common in non‐human primates. We describe the gross and microscopic features of multicentric cutaneous keratoacanthomas in a free‐living marmoset (Callithrix sp.). Immunohistochemistry for human papillomavirus and herpes simplex virus type I and simplex virus type II was negative. Keratoacanthomas should be included in the differential diagnosis for cutaneous masses in non‐human primates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare in New World primates. We report the gross, microscopical, and immunocytochemical features of a spontaneous HCC in a free‐living marmoset (Callithrix sp.). Hepatitis B and C virus and aflatoxin immunohistochemistry were negative; however, concomitant intra‐ and extrahepatic biliary trematodiasis could have played a role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Renal evaluation studies are rare in American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL). The aim of this study is to investigate whether specific treatment reverts ACL-associated renal dysfunction. Methods A prospective study was conducted with 37 patients with ACL. Urinary concentrating and acidification ability was assessed before and after treatment with pentavalent antimonial. Results The patients mean age was 35.6 ± 12 years and 19 were male. Before treatment, urinary concentrating defect (U/Posm Conclusion As previously described, urinary concentrating and acidification defects were found in an important number of patients with ACL. Present results demonstrate that only some patients recover urinary acidification capacity, while no one returned to normal urinary concentration capacity.

Genome-wide association studies typically evaluate the autosomes and sometimes the X Chromosome, but seldom consider the Y or mitochondrial (MT) Chromosomes. We genotyped the Y and MT Chromosomes in heterogeneous stock (HS) rats (Rattus norvegicus), an outbred population created from 8 inbred strains. We identified 8 distinct Y and 4 distinct MT Chromosomes among the 8 founders. However, only 2 types of each nonrecombinant chromosome were observed in our modern HS rat population (generations 81-97). Despite the relatively large sample size, there were virtually no significant associations for behavioral, physiological, metabolome, or microbiome traits after correcting for multiple comparisons. However, both Y and MT Chromosomes were strongly associated with the expression of a few genes located on those chromosomes, which provided a positive control. Our results suggest that within modern HS rats there are no Y and MT Chromosomes differences that strongly influence behavioral or physiological traits. These results do not address other ancestral Y and MT Chromosomes that do not appear in modern HS rats, nor do they address effects that may exist in other rat populations, or in other species., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest RK is a scientific advisory board member, and consultant for BiomeSense, Inc., has equity and receives income. He is a scientific advisory board member and has equity in GenCirq. He is a consultant for DayTwo, and receives income. He has equity in and acts as a consultant for Cybele. He is a co-founder of Biota, Inc., and has equity. He is a cofounder of Micronoma, and has equity and is a scientific advisory board member. The terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Genetics Society of America.)

Bare board AudioMoth recorders offer a low-cost, open-source solution to passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) but need protecting in an enclosure. We were concerned that the choice of enclosure may alter the spectral characteristics of recordings. We focus on polythene bags as the simplest enclosure and assess how their use affects acoustic metrics. Using an anechoic chamber, a series of pure sinusoidal tones from 100 Hz to 20 kHz were recorded on 10 AudioMoth devices and a calibrated Class 1 sound level meter. The recordings were made on bare board AudioMoth devices, as well as after covering them with different bags. Linear phase finite impulse response filters were designed to replicate the frequency response functions between the incident pressure wave and the recorded signals. We applied these filters to ~1000 sound recordings to assess the effects of the AudioMoth and the bags on 19 acoustic metrics. While bare board AudioMoth showed very consistent spectral responses with accentuation in the higher frequencies, bag enclosures led to significant and erratic attenuation inconsistent between frequencies. Few acoustic metrics were insensitive to this uncertainty, rendering index comparisons unreliable. Biases due to enclosures on PAM devices may need to be considered when choosing appropriate acoustic indices for ecological studies. Archived recordings without adequate metadata may potentially produce biased acoustic index values and should be treated cautiously.

Urban noise pollution is a major environmental issue, second only to fine particulate matter in its impacts on physical and mental health. To identify who is affected and where to prioritise actions, noise maps derived from traffic flows and propagation algorithms are widely used. These may not reflect true levels of exposure because they fail to consider noise from all sources and may leave gaps where roads or traffic data are absent. We present an improved approach to overcome these limitations. Using walking surveys, we recorded 52,366 audio clips of 10 s each along 733 km of routes throughout the port city of Southampton. We extracted power levels in low (11 to 177 Hz), mid (177 Hz to 5.68 kHz), high (5.68 to 22.72 kHz) and A-weighted frequencies and then built machine-learning (ML) models to predict noise levels at 30 m resolution across the entire city, driven by urban form. Model performance (r 2 ) ranged from 0.41 (low frequencies) to 0.61 (mid frequencies) with mean absolute errors of 4.05 to 4.75 dB. The main predictors of noise were related to modes of transport (road, air, rail and water) but for low frequencies, port activities were also important. When mapped to the city scale, A-weighted frequencies produced a similar spatial pattern to mid-frequencies, but did not capture the major sources of low frequency noise from the port or scattered hotspots of high frequencies. We question whether A-weighted noise mapping is adequate for health and wellbeing impact assessments. We conclude that mobile surveys combined with ML offer an alternative way to map noise from all sources and at fine resolution across entire cities that may more accurately reflect true exposures. Our approach is suitable for noise data gathered by citizen scientists, or from a network of sensors, as well as from structured surveys., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To determine effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment combined with stretching and strengthening exercises in the cervical region on pain and disability in individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain., Methods: 90 adults with non-specific chronic neck pain were randomized to either exercises group (EG, n = 45) or osteopathic manipulative treatment associated with exercises group (OMT/EG, n = 45). The primary outcomes were obtained by the use of Numeric Pain-Rating Scale (NPRS), Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) and Neck Disability Index (NDI). Secondary outcomes included range of motion (ROM) for cervical spine rotation, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire Work/Physical Activity (FABQ-W/PA) and Pain-self efficacy at two different moments: baseline and 4 weeks after the first treatment. Techniques and dosages of OMT were selected pragmatically by a registered osteopath. Generalized Estimating Equations model (GEE), complemented by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) and the intention-to-treat analysis, was used to assess the clinical outcomes., Results: Analysis with GEE indicated that OMT/EG reduced pain and disability more than the EG alone after 4 weeks of treatment with statistically significant difference (p < 0,05), as well as cervical active rotation was significantly improved (p = 0.03). There were no between-group differences observed in Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) measure, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and Pain-self efficacy., Conclusion: The association between OMT and exercises reduces pain and improves functional disability more than only exercise for individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The opossum (family Didelphidae) is a marsupial endemic to the Americas. Apart from the South American short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) and the Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana), there is considerable lack of knowledge about the health and diseases of most opossum species. Among these, the big-eared opossum (Didelphis aurita) is found in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Natural and experimental studies have shown this species to be susceptible to infectious agents with zoonotic potential and the animals may play a role in transmission of such agents. However, neoplasia appears to be uncommon in this species. We describe the gross, microscopical and immunohistochemical features of a parotid salivary gland basal cell adenocarcinoma in a free-living big-eared opossum. This case represents the first report of salivary gland neoplasia in opossums., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The antral follicle count (AFC) is an important tool in the selection of bovine females destined for biotechnology. However, little is known about AFC in prepubertal and pubertal heifers. Some challenges inherent to the physiology of young females must be considered to achieve efficient rates with different procedures, such as ovum pick-up and IVF. This paper covers some important topics about ovarian physiology related to the population of antral follicles and reproductive efficiency in young female cattle.

Mechanical ventilation has been associated with organ failure in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The present study examines the effects of tidal volume (V(T)) on renal function using two V T values (8 and 27 mL/kg) in anesthetized, paralyzed and mechanically ventilated male Wistar rats. Animals were randomized into two groups of 6 rats each: V (T)8 (V(T), 8 mL/kg; 61.50 +/- 0.92 breaths/min; positive end-expiratory pressure, 3.0 cmH(2)O; peak airway pressure (PAW), 11.8 +/- 2.0 cmH(2)O), and V T27 (V(T), 27 mL/kg; 33.60 +/- 1.56 breaths/min; positive end-expiratory pressure, none, and PAW, 22.7 +/- 4.0 cmH(2)O). Throughout the experiment, mean PAW remained comparable between the two groups (6.33 +/- 0.21 vs 6.50 +/- 0.22 cmH(2)O). For rats in the V(T)27 group, inulin clearance (mL.min(-1).body weight(-1)) decreased acutely after 60 min of mechanical ventilation and even more significantly after 90 min, compared with baseline values (0.60 +/- 0.05 and 0.45 +/- 0.05 vs 0.95 +/- 0.07; P < 0.001), although there were no differences between groups in mean arterial pressure or gasometric variables. In the V(T)8 group, inulin clearance at 120 min of mechanical ventilation remained unchanged in relation to baseline values (0.72 +/- 0.03 vs 0.80 +/- 0.05). The V(T)8 and V(T)27 groups did not differ in terms of serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (3.97 +/- 0.27 vs 4.02 +/- 0.45 nmol/mL) or endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (94.25 +/- 2.75 vs 96.25 +/- 2.39%). Our results show that glomerular filtration is acutely affected by high tidal volume ventilation but do not provide information about the mechanism.

A series of nitrogen-containing polyhydroxylated aromatics from caffeic acid phenethyl ester were designed and synthesized as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Most of these compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activities at micromolar concentrations against HIV-1 integrase in the 3'-end processing and the strand transfer. Their key structure-activity relationship was also discussed.