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Objective Fear of falling, anxiety, depression, and pain levels are important risk factors for poor functional outcomes that may potentially be modifiable. We aimed to examine prospective associations between those factors following surgery for intertrochanteric hip fracture. Methods This study is a prospective observational cohort study of patients aged over 65 diagnosed with isolated intertrochanteric hip fracture. Three hundred and seventy patients who underwent intramedullary fixation surgery were screened; 188 cases were included in our final evaluation. Patients with any concomitant fracture, major psychiatric/neurocognitive and neurological disorders and those with any other major disease were excluded from the study. Age, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores on the day of surgery (baseline) were evaluated as predictors of poor/good outcome at 90 days after surgery, by Harris Hip Score (HHS) with a cut-off score of 70. Results HHS score was significantly predicted at baseline by the full model [χ 2 (7) = 18.18, P = .01]. However, only STAI-state scores were significantly added to the model [Exp (B) 95% CI: .92 (.86-.99)]. Conclusions In this prospective cohort study, we found that higher levels of anxiety state on the day of surgery predicts a poor outcome at 90 days following surgery. We did not find significant associations between other variables, including age, GDS, STAI-trait, FES-I, VAS, and CCI. This potentially modifiable psychological factor may inform surgeons and could be a potential mediator. Future prospective studies are needed to replicate these findings. Level of evidence Prognostic level I.

This article aims to adapt the Flexible Thinking in Learning (FTL) scale developed by Barak and Levenberg in 2016 to Turkish culture The FTL scale, whose original language is English, consists of three sub-dimensions: "Acceptance of Learning Technologies", "OpenMindedness in Learning" and "Adaptation to New Learning Situations". During the process, language and field experts conducted mutual translations between English and Turkish to assess the language equivalence of the scale. The original scale was supplied to English teachers to measure the degree of similarity between the original language (English version) and the translated language (Turkish version). After a fifteen-day interval, the same teachers were given the adapted version of the scale. The degree of similarity between the scale's original language and its Turkish translation was calculated. Once the scale's harmony was deemed satisfactory in both languages, a pilot study was conducted to receive feedback and suggestions on the comprehensibility, applicability, and general structure of the scale. After necessary improvements were made, the scale was finalized. The Flexible Thinking in Learning (FTL) scale, which was adapted to Turkish, was applied to 516 volunteer teachers. As per the findings of the analysis, the adapted scale has three sub-dimensions, just like the original scale. The measured structure of the adapted scale was found to be consistent with the original scale's factor structure.

Synechococcus elongatus is an important cyanobacterium that serves as a versatile and robust model for studying circadian biology and photosynthetic metabolism. Its transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) is of fundamental interest, as it orchestrates the cells adaptation to the environment, including its response to sunlight. Despite the previous characterization of constituent parts of the S. elongatus TRN, a comprehensive layout of its topology remains to be established. Here, we decomposed a compendium of 300 high-quality RNA sequencing datasets of the model strain PCC 7942 using independent component analysis. We obtained 57 independently modulated gene sets, or iModulons, that explain 67% of the variance in the transcriptional response and 1) accurately reflect the activity of known transcriptional regulations, 2) capture functional components of photosynthesis, 3) provide hypotheses for regulon structures and functional annotations of poorly characterized genes, and 4) describe the transcriptional shifts under dynamic light conditions. This transcriptome-wide analysis of S. elongatus provides a quantitative reconstruction of the TRN and presents a knowledge base that can guide future investigations. Our systems-level analysis also provides a global TRN structure for S. elongatus PCC 7942.

The current study examines whether an online cyber identity course, which was based on the community of inquiry model, significantly affected the self-efficacy perception of school counselor candidates (SCC) in terms of technology integration. Forty-four SCC, selected using the criterion sampling method, participated in a mixed-method design study by taking a one-week online cyber identity course. The online version of the Computer Technology Integration Survey (CTIS) was used as a pre and post-test measure to collect quantitative data. Two subscales are used in the survey to measure the self-efficacy of participants. Qualitative data was collected through the use of a structured interview form which included open-ended questions regarding the social, cognitive, and teaching presence of the community of inquiry model. T-tests were conducted to detect any significant differences between the pre and post-test scores of the CTIS subscales. The results of these tests revealed that the online cyber identity course created significant differences in both SCC's self-efficacy perception of the computer technology capabilities and strategies, and the external influences of computer technology uses. Moreover, qualitative analysis results showed that students reflected more on cognitive and teaching presence than on social presence.

This research aimed to investigate dimensions of professional identity that have been reflected in the different video-case discussions of teacher candidates and explore the differences between own and expert video case discussions. In this qualitative case study, data were obtained from eight teacher candidates through online video case discussions implemented in three cycles among two separate groups. In the discussion platform, while one group focus on their own videos, the other group focus on expert teachers' video. As a result, professional identity indicators, gathered under three themes, named task-based, profession-based, and self-interpretation-based indicators, were reflected in the discussions. Moreover, it is noteworthy differences between the own video -case discussion group and expert video-case discussion group in 'profession-based and 'self-interpretation-based' dimensions of professional identity. Results suggest that especially discussing own video-cases can be a productive tool that helps the teacher candidates to make stronger theory-practice connections and feel like 'a professional teacher'.

Purpose: This research is aimed to identify the mediating role of psychological safety and life satisfaction in the effect of organizational support on organizational trust from the healthcare workers' perspective.Methodology: Cross-sectional design was preferred in line with the purpose of the study. This cross-sectional study was carried out on all healthcare professionals of a private healthcare organization which operates as a branch of a chain hospital group in Ankara. A total of 450 people expressed their willingness to participate in the questionnaire. However, 53 people could not finish the survey due to overcrowding. Thus, the final sample comprised of 397 people. Data were collected by face-to-face survey method. Path analysis, one of the structural equation modeling (SEM) methods, was used in the analysis of the data set. Findings: This research finds that organizational support directly and indirectly affects organizational trust in a significant way and that organizational trust will rise as organizational support grows. When the mediating variables of psychological safety and life satisfaction are entered into the model together, the effect of organizational support on organizational trust is not significant. Thus, psychological safety and life satisfaction are full mediating variables. These results indicate that as the level of organizational support increases, the level of organizational trust can be indirectly increased through the mediation of psychological safety and life satisfaction.Originality: These findings suggest that organizational support directly and indirectly significantly impacts organizational trust and that psychological safety and life satisfaction mediate the association between organizational support and organizational trust.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of osteoporosis (OP) on the outcomes of facet medial branch radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFT). Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with chronic lower back pain due to lumbar facet joint syndrome (LFJS) who underwent facet medial branch RFT were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (without OP, n=19) and group II (with OP, n=16). Pre-intervention and post-intervention evaluations of the patients were assessed at 1, 6, and 12th months by visual analog scale (VAS). Results: In both groups, VAS scores 1st, 6th, and 12th months after intervention were lower than those at baseline (p=0.001). There were no significant difference between the groups in terms of VAS score improvement. Conclusion: Lumbar facet medial branch RFT is an effective and safe treatment method in both the short and long-term in patients with LFJS. OP therapy had no effect on RFT treatment results.

The study aims to determine possible relationships between the opinions of teacher candidates regarding distance education, and their attitudes toward the technology used in distance education courses. A quantitative research approach structured in a descriptive and relational survey model was used in the research. 81 teacher candidates studying in three different departments participated in the study. Non-parametric statistics were used to analyze the data, and Descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman-Brown correlation analysis were employed. The results revealed that there is a positive and moderately significant relationship between the attitudes of pre-service teachers towards technology and their opinions of the distance education process. It has also been determined that there is a positive and moderate relationship between the opinions of teacher candidates in regard to the sub-dimensions of the scale of the distance education process evaluation (levels of accessibility, usability, attitude, technological facilities, and self-efficacy) and their attitudes towards technology. These findings implicate that educators teaching online learners should consider the characteristics of their learners and make decisions regarding the teaching and learning process to create the optimal learning environment.

Orthodontic correction of single tooth malpositions due to eruption problems, early loss of tooth and other reasons, is an important issue especially in patients with ideal occlusion without bonding the whole arch. In this case report treatment of a 9-year-old female patient with an Angle class I malocclusion having her right lower permanent first molar tilted mesially towards the space occurred by the extraction of right second deciduous molar tooth was presented. Correction of right upper lateral tooth which was located palatally is also included. A mini-plate which is used currently in recent years was used for direct anchorage to make unilateral lower molar distalization and uprighting in this case. After 7 months, enough distalization and uprighting was maintained. Afterwards the eruption of right lower second premolar was followed and the treatment was finished.

Bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ), which is one of the serious side effects of bisphosphonates, has an increasing clinical importance due to the widespread use of bisphosphonates in the treatment of many diseases such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, Paget's disease, osteogenesis imperfecta, and multiple myeloma. BRONJ can spontaneously develop in the jawbones. In addition, many factors such as tooth extraction, periodontal diseases, and local trauma can trigger BRONJ. In our case, it was detected that the lesion appearing like BRONJ in the left lower jaw of the 65 years old female patient with a history of oral bisphosphonate use developed due to apical periodontitis resulting from the tooth numbered 34. Root canal treatment was administered to the relevant tooth of the patient, the fistula tract was closed after this treatment, and as a result of the CBCT examination, it was observed that the enlargement in the necrotic bone area stopped. In addition, the patient's complaints about the relevant tooth disappeared. As a result, endodontic treatment is an effective treatment approach in the treatment of BRONJ developing due to apical periodontitis. In order to avoid the risk of BRONJ, a detailed oral examination should be performed before starting the bisphosphonate treatment, and necessary endodontic, restorative and periodontal treatments should be followed.

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the intraoperative application of antimetabolites compared with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents with or without antimetabolites in trabeculectomy (Trab) for glaucoma. METHODS: Relevant studies were selected through extensive search using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases in August 2013. The primary efficacy estimate was measured using weighted mean difference of the percentage of intraocular pressure reduction (IOPR%) from baseline to end-point, and the secondary efficacy estimates were odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for complete success rate and qualified success rate. ORs were also used to measure the tolerability estimate for adverse events. Meta-analyses of fixed or random effects models were conducted using RevMan software 5.2 to pool the results of the studies included. Heterogeneity was assessed using Chi(2) test and the I(2) measure. RESULTS: Nine studies enrolling a total of 349 patients were included. The weighted mean difference of IOPR% from baseline was 7.23 (95% CI: 2.57-11.89) for antimetabolites vs. anti-VEGF agents and 3.96 (95% CI: -4.18-12.10) for antimetabolites vs. anti-VEGF agents plus antimetabolites. The pooled ORs comparing antimetabolites with anti-VEGF agents were 2.37 (95% CI: 0.78, 7.21) for the complete success rate and 1.93 (95% CI: 0.52, 7.16) for qualified success rate. The pooled ORs comparing antimetabolites with anti-VEGF agents plus antimetabolites were 1.43 (95% CI: 0.48, 4.29) for the complete success rate and 2.11 (95% CI: 0.12, 37.72) for qualified success rate. The rates of adverse events did not significantly differ between antimetabolites and anti-VEGF agents, with pooled ORs of 0.86 (0.28-2.69) for bleb leakage, 3.01 (0.45-20.10) for choroidal effusion, 0.96 (0.23-3.98) for flat anterior chamber, and 0.90 (0.12-6.60) for hypotony. Further, the rates of adverse events were similar between antimetabolites and anti-VEGF agents plus antimetabolites, with pooled ORs of 0.40 (0.08-2.00) and 8.00 (0.93-68.59) for bleb leakage and hypotony, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with anti-VEGF agents, antimetabolites were more effective in lowering IOP in Trab, while the intraoperative application of these two types of agents did not indicate statistically significant differences in the complete success rate, qualified success rate, or incidence of adverse events.

Objective: Scalding and flame burns come first in the etiology of pediatric burns. Today, with the increase in internet use, the effect of social media on the etiology of burns is also seen. When the story of some children who applied for burns was questioned recently, it was observed that the children were affected by various images, videos, and duels on social media. They wanted to try what they saw with a sense of curiosity. This study aims to draw attention to child burns caused by social media's effects and raise awareness about their preventability. Methods: Children who stated that they got burned because of watching social media in our burn center within one year were included in the study retrospectively. Children's age, gender, burning pattern, and graft needs were evaluated. Results: In one year, eight patients (three girls and five boys) were admitted to the hospital with the complaint of burns caused by the effect of social media. All of them were flame burns. The ages of these patients were between 6 and 12 years, and their burn percentage was between 1 and 12. Grafts were performed in 4 patients. Three recovered with dressings after debridement, and one improved during outpatient follow-up. The hospitalization period of 7 patients who received inpatient treatment was recorded to be between 1 and 15 days. Conclusions: Children's access to the Internet at an early age and unsupervised exposes them to many dangers, including burns. These burns can have serious consequences, such as hospitalization and graft needs. Steps should be taken to recognize and prevent the threat of social media. The study was presented as an oral presentation at the 39th National Congress of Pediatric Surgery held in İzmir/Kuşadası/Türkiye on 2–5 November 2022.

The aim of this study is to model the growth curves for body mass index (BMI) of Turkish boys aged 5–18 years. In addition, it was aimed to compare the growth curves we created in this study for children aged 5–18 years with the growth curves created by Neyzi et al., which are widely used and accepted as a reference in our country, as well as the reference growth curves of the World Health Organization (WHO). The research group consisted of a total of 5870 volunteer boys aged between 5 and 18 years who participated in sports trainings within sports schools in 26 districts of Istanbul province. The data of height and weight measurements obtained from the participants during the data collection process were classified according to age groups in Microsoft Excel program, and BMI scores were calculated. In this study, the “LMS Method” developedby Cole in 1988 and used by the WHO and Neyzi et al. was used to create growth (percentile) curves and tables. BMI median values showed a linear increase with age and the percentile values obtained in this study (%3,9 for p5–p95, 7), WHO (%5,5 for p5–p95), and Neyzi (%3,5 for p5– p95) percentile values.

Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) component of solar radiation impairs genome stability by inducing the formation of pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts [(6-4)PPs] in plant genomes. (6-4)PPs disrupt growth and development by interfering with transcription and DNA replication. To resist UV stress, plants employ both photoreactivation and nucleotide excision repair that excises oligonucleotide containing (6-4)PPs through two subpathways: global and transcription-coupled excision repair (TCR). Here, we analyzed the genome-wide excision repair-mediated repair of (6-4)PPs in Arabidopsis thaliana and found that (6-4)PPs can be repaired by TCR; however, the main subpathway to remove (6-4)PPs from the genome is global repair. Our analysis showed that open chromatin genome regions are more rapidly repaired than heterochromatin regions, and the repair level peaks at the promoter, transcription start site and transcription end site of genes. Our study revealed that the repair of (6-4)PP in plants showed a distinct genome-wide repair profile compared to the repair of other major UV-induced DNA lesion called cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs).

This paper aims to elucidate the differentially coexpressed genes, their potential mechanisms, and possible drug targets in low-grade invasive serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSC) in terms of the biologic continuity of normal, borderline, and malignant LGSC. We performed a bioinformatics analysis, integrating datasets generated using the GPL570 platform from different studies from the GEO database to identify changes in this transition, gene expression, drug targets, and their relationships with tumor microenvironmental characteristics. In the transition from ovarian epithelial cells to the serous borderline, the FGFR3 gene in the “Estrogen Response Late” pathway, the ITGB2 gene in the “Cell Adhesion Molecule”, the CD74 gene in the “Regulation of Cell Migration”, and the IGF1 gene in the “Xenobiotic Metabolism” pathway were upregulated in the transition from borderline to LGSC. The ERBB4 gene in “Proteoglycan in Cancer”, the AR gene in “Pathways in Cancer” and “Estrogen Response Early” pathways, were upregulated in the transition from ovarian epithelial cells to LGSC. In addition, SPP1 and ITGB2 genes were correlated with macrophage infiltration in the LGSC group. This research provides a valuable framework for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches in the context of LGSC, with the aim of improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Furthermore, the main goal of the current study is a preliminary study designed to generate in silico inferences, and it is also important to note that subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies will be necessary to confirm the results before considering these results as fully reliable.

Bulky DNA adducts such as those induced by ultraviolet light are removed from the genomes of multicellular organisms by nucleotide excision repair, which occurs through two distinct mechanisms, global repair, requiring the DNA damage recognition-factor XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C), and transcription-coupled repair (TCR), which does not. TCR is initiated when elongating RNA polymerase II encounters DNA damage, and thus analysis of genome-wide excision repair in XPC-mutants only repairing by TCR provides a unique opportunity to map transcription events missed by methods dependent on capturing RNA transcription products and thus limited by their stability and/or modifications (5'-capping or 3'-polyadenylation). Here, we have performed eXcision Repair-sequencing (XR-seq) in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to generate genome-wide repair maps in a wild-type strain with normal excision repair, a strain lacking TCR (csb-1), and a strain that only repairs by TCR (xpc-1). Analysis of the intersections between the xpc-1 XR-seq repair maps with RNA-mapping datasets (RNA-seq, long- and short-capped RNA-seq) reveal previously unrecognized sites of transcription and further enhance our understanding of the genome of this important model organism.

ObjectiveElectrolyte disorder (ED) is frequently encountered critically ill patients during admission or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to determine the frequency of ED encountered in ICU patients to evaluate the relationship of ED with drugs.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter study was conducted in the medical and anesthesiology ICUs of two training and research hospitals and included patients with at least one ED during admission or hospitalization in the ICUs. The relationship between ED and the drug was evaluated by calculating the logistic probabilistic method scale (LPMS) and the expert panel’s evaluation. The correlation between EDs and LPMS was determined using Kendal tau. A binary logistic regression model was preferred in the analysis of factors related to ED. Statistical significance was set as p

The aim of this research is to investigate the perceptions of university students of the cyber identity they experience on a day-to-day basis, especially following the pandemic lockdown. The research uses a basic interpretive research design with a qualitative, and particularly focuses on the phenomenological perspective. The data was gathered from 155 university students from 18 universities in Turkey and was analysed through the use of the inductive content analysis method. The meaning-creation process of students leads them to view cyber identity as a process which includes the personal characteristics and interpersonal interaction that takes place in any kind of digital platform. The findings from the study are categorized into two main themes: structural conditions and inner conditions. These themes consist of issues related to process, technology, personal factors, and other issues. In this study, cyber identity is considered to refer to a new way of relating to the technological world.

This qualitative case study aimed to explore how novice instructional designers solved a real-world problem by proposing an instructional design model in Second Life. Twenty-one novice instructional designers who enrolled in a Distance Education course were tasked with proposing an instructional design model to solve the high drop-out rate problem in a Distance Education center. In the Second Life environment, an island was rented and a Distance Education center was built. The participants worked in teams to propose an instructional design model for solving the real-world problem by simulating themselves as distance education specialists in this virtual Distance Education center. The data were collected through interviews, open-ended questionnaires, system logs, and group reports regarding their problem-solving processes. The results showed that the novice instructional designers stated that carrying out the problem-solving process in the Second Life promoted their motivation and engagement related to the real-world problem. To solve the real-world problem, five groups proposed Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation model, while one group proposed an Attention-Relevance-Confidence-Satisfaction model. Although the participants were aware of the potential of the Second Life as a Problem-based Learning environment, they stated that they preferred alternative technologies due to access and usability issues.

The aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to measure teacher candidates' perception of technological value orientations. Design/Methodology: It was conducted based on data from 400 teacher candidates for explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and 680 teacher candidates for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the 2018-2019 academic year. Expert opinions were sought for the content validity and face validity of the scale as well as the EFA and CFA were conducted for construct validity. EFA yielded a three-factor solution consisting of 12 items that accounted for 53.17% of total variance. These factors were labeled as "Negative Impact on Friendship, Honesty, and Responsibility", "Negative Impact on Overall Values", and "Positive Impact on Access to Information and Benevolence". Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.75. Besides, findings from the CFA indicated that Technological Value Orientation Perception Scale of Teacher Candidates is of adequate fit with 12 items under a three-factor construct. In addition, the convergent and discriminant validity results also supported the three-factor structure. This scale could of help researchers to measure the perception of prospective teachers about the impact of technology on value-orientations and to plan desired studies accordingly.

Cross-linked polyethylenes (XLPE) are not preferred in industrial pyrolysis applications and mechanical recovery methods due to great thermochemical resistance to heat and deformation. The studies on pyrolysis of XLPE up to 600°C on obtaining fuel have generally yielded high levels of wax and have not been of interest to the energy sector. In this study, two-stage pyrolysis of XLPE was carried out catalytically and also without catalyst (thermal, T- -pyr) under 500°C with heating rates of 5 and 10°C min-1. In the pyrolysis experiments, three different catalytic studies were performed by adding MCM- -41 + HZSM-5 catalyst mixture to the polymer phase only (PPC-pyr), by filling Cu(I)-MAS + HZSM-5 catalyst mixture to the gas outlet column only (GPC- -Pyr) and adding catalyst mixtures in both polymer phase and gas phase (MPC- -pyr). The highest diesel-like fuel (91.40 wt. %) was obtained in multiphase catalytic pyrolysis experiments at 460°C with a heating rate of 5°C min-1. The calorific value, kinematic viscosity, density, flash point and cetane number of the fuel were found as 45.97 MJ kg-1, 2.72 cSt, 832.5 kg m-3, 57 and 59°C, respectively. The results of the two-stage catalytic cracking and the heating rate profile will be a guide for industrial pyrolysis applications. The simple feasibility for industrial applications showed that it would be a very profitable investment.

In this study, it is analysed whether central bank independence or real effective exchange rate, international reserves, credits, and current account deficit are effective on financial stability in 9 developed countries between the period of 1996-2017. The Fourier procedure is applied for analysis. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that central bank independence is not effective on financial stability. Also, it is determined that credit volume negatively affects financial stability while international reserves positively affect it.

Aydınlanma Çağı sonrasında dünyada yaşanan hızlı değişim, bilimsel ve teknolojik anlamda devrimsel yenilikler meydana getirdiği gibi düşünce bağlamında da önemli dönüşümlerin kapısını aralamıştır. Özellikle Fransız ihtilalinin oluşturduğu rüzgarla birlikte daha önceden tedavülde olan eşitlik, kardeşlik, adalet gibi bazı kavramlar çok daha fazla gündeme gelmiştir. Bu süreçte ön plana çıkan kavramlardan birisi de özgürlüktür. Kavram, felsefede determinizm fikrinin karşısında özgür irade anlayışı olarak; siyasette baskıcı yönetimlere karşı bağımsızlık şeklinde kendini göstermiştir. Konu, müstakil bir başlık olarak ele alındığı günden itibaren, -basın, düşünce, ifade, din ve vicdan hürriyeti olmak üzere- farklı tür ve boyutlarıyla dikkati çekmiştir. Batı dünyasının son iki asırlık düşünsel serüveninin de aslında bu kavramlar etrafında şekillendiğini görüyoruz. İlk başta dinî ve dünyevî otoritelere başkaldırı şekilde kendisini gösteren özgürlükçü tavır, daha sonraları kendisini bütün ahlakî ve toplumsal normlardan bağımsız gören uç noktalara kadar savrulmuştur. Bu tartışmalar ister istemez ilahiyat alanına da yansımış ve insanın iradesinin tanrının iradesi karşındaki konumu, kader ve kötülük problemi gibi başlıklar, çağdaş iddia ve itirazlara göre yeniden ele alınmıştır. Batı dünyasında ortaya çıkan ateist eğilimler, bütün dinlerin insanı yeryüzünde aktif bir özne imkanından mahrum bıraktığını ve bütün eylemlerinin bilindiğine ve belirlendiğine inanan bir insanın gerçek anlamda özgür olamayacağını iddia etmişlerdir. Bu nokta aslında çağdaş ateizmin teizme yönelttiği birkaç önemli konu başlığından biridir. Çok geçmeden bu tartışmalar İslam dünyasına da taşınmış ve benzer argümanlarla konu ele alınmaya devam etmiştir. Bu iddiaların her biri özünde, İslam’ın insan tasavvurunun bireye herhangi bir özgürlük alanı bırakmadığı varsayımına dayanır. Problemin başta kader ve teodise gibi farklı boyutları olmakla birlikte dikkati çeken yönlerinden birisi de insanın özgür iradesiyle İslâm’a girme hakkı olduğu gibi inkâr hakkının da bulunup bulunmadığı sorusudur. Bu sorunun cevaplanması önemlidir. Çünkü İslâm tarihinin erken dönemine ait bazı uygulamalar ile İslâm hukukunda yerleşik bir içtihatmış gibi kabul gören dinden dönenlerin belli şartlara göre öldürülmesi gerektiğine dair kabuller, İslâm karşıtı düşünce ve ideolojilere önemli fırsatlar sunmuştur. Bu makale bir yandan klasik birikimde konunun nasıl ele alındığını göstermeye çalışırken bir yandan da günümüzdeki din değiştirme olgusuna nasıl yaklaşılması gerektiğine dair çözüm önerileri sunmaya çalışacaktır. Ayrıca çalışmada fıkıh literatüründe meselenin daha ziyade kamu güvenliği bağlamında ele alındığı, dolayısıyla da günümüzdeki din değiştirme veya dinden dönme hadiselerinin klasik dönemdeki tartışmalarla tam olarak örtüşmediği ortaya konulacaktır.

This study aims to investigate the correlation between exercise participation motivation and social physique anxiety and their differences across the exercise stages of change in individuals. A convenience sampling technique was used to gather data from 374 sedentary individuals aged 18 and over, using a questionnaire that included the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2 (BREQ-2), Social Physique Anxiety (SPA) scale, and Exercise Stages of Change Questionnaire (ESOCQ). Welch’s ANOVA test was utilized to examine if there were significant differences between the average levels of behavioral regulations in exercise and SPA within exercise stages of change, respectively. Based on Welch’s ANOVA results, it has been found that there are significant differences in the total score of SPAS according to exercise stages of change (F = 15.801, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the sub-factors intrinsic regulation, introjected regulation, and external motivation statistically significantly differ according to exercise stages of change (F=6.681, p < 0.001 for IR; F=30.186,p < 0.001 for introjected regulation; F=10.104, p < 0.001 for external motivation, F=0.481,p = 0.750 for AM). Pearson’s r correlation coefficients were also computed to determine the relationship between behavioral regulations in exercise and SPA. A significant negative moderate correlation was found between intrinsic regulation and SPA (r = −0.645, p < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant medium positive correlation was found between introjected regulation and SPA (r = 0.534, p < 0.001), external motivation and SPA (r = 0.588, p < 0.001), and amotivation and SPA (r = 0.564, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that being self-motivated for exercise might decrease SPA. On the other hand, exercise motivated by external pressures could lead to increased SPA. The findings also suggest that those who started exercising with intrinsic motivation reached more advanced stages of exercise than those who started exercising with extrinsic factors. Finally, extrinsic motives may help in the first stages of the exercise, but intrinsic motives are required to continue the exercise. Consequently, these findings may guide physical activity specialists, trainers, etc., to develop more effective strategies to motivate exercise participation by considering social physique anxiety among individuals.