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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer with a high death rate in the world. The molecular mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of HCC have not been precisely defined so far. Hence, this review aimed to address the potential cross-talk between noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and programmed cell death in HCC. All related papers in the English language up to June 2023 were collected and screened. The searched keywords in scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were HCC, ncRNAs, Epigenetic, Programmed cell death, Autophagy, Apoptosis, Ferroptosis, Chemoresistance, Tumor recurrence, Prognosis, and Prediction. According to the reports, ncRNAs, comprising long ncRNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs can affect cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis, as well as cell death-related processes, such as autophagy, ferroptosis, necroptosis, and apoptosis in HCC by regulating cancer-associated genes and signaling pathways, for example, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase/MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. It seems that ncRNAs, as epigenetic regulators, can be utilized as biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis, survival and recurrence rates prediction, chemoresistance, and evaluation of therapeutic response in HCC patients. However, more scientific evidence is suggested to be accomplished to confirm these results., (© 2024 International Federation for Cell Biology.)

Decision-making related to pregnancy planning is complex and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may further complicate the process. With increasing rates of pregnancy among individuals affected by HIV, the need to understand decision-making is imperative. The primary objectives of this pilot study were to confirm the feasibility of using discrete choice experimentation (DCE) to elicit an understanding of this process and to determine the acceptability of the choice factors that were included in two novel DCEs, while gathering a preliminary understanding of preference. The choice attributes were risk of vertical HIV transmission, risk of horizontal HIV transmission, cost, probability of conception, method of conception, and travel time. Thirteen respondents completed a DCE for serodiscordant couples in which the female partner was HIV-positive, and 12 respondents completed a DCE for seroconcordant couples. All respondents' utility for an increased chance of a successful pregnancy was positive and statistically significant. In the serodiscordant dyads, the attributes of risk of horizontal transmission, risk of vertical transmission, a 5-h travel time to clinic, and cost were significantly associated with decreased utility. In the seroconcordant dyads, only the attributes of chance of risk of vertical transmission and cost were significantly associated with decreased utility. The serodiscordant dyads preferred home insemination with a syringe and the seroconcordant couples preferred conception methods within fertility clinics, over condomless sex with timed ovulation. On average, participants were willing to pay more for greater chance of conception and less willing to pay for increased risk of transmission. Couples affected by HIV are willing to participate in a DCE and the attributes that were included all seem relevant except risk of vertical transmission. There are various real-life trade-offs that are made during pregnancy planning with HIV and better understanding of these can be useful for clinicians during preconception counseling.