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The Magombera forest is a home of endemic and endangered biological species such as Udzungwa red colobus monkey (Procolobus gordonorum) and the Magombera chameleon (Kinyongia magomberae). However, the forest is facing high threat of disappearing through resources extraction pressure from adjacent local communities. The project aimed at improving conservation of Magombera forest by involving the adjacent communities through provision of conservation education, restoration initiatives and bee keeping as alternative livelihoods. The study revealed that the concept of forest conservation is well supported. Nevertheless, people are extracting resources from the forest for their subsistence. The dependence of the people on the forest is due to lack of alternatives to the forest resources, inability of the people to produce alternatives source of income and little conservation education. The project resulted in a community having a positive attitude change towards conservation. The improved bee keeping was introduced to the community and successfully adopted. About 89% of indigenous trees planted for restoring the degraded area of the forest survived, only 11% of trees planted could not survive. There is a need to expand the scale of the project by involving many participants particularly youths that showed strong interest in the project.

Aims: Trypanosomosis is among one of the tropical neglected diseases which have impacted on human, livestock and wildlife. Different factors have been discussed by various researchers but ecological factors being considered in nutshell. This paper aimed at reviewing details on how the ecological factors influence the prevalence of trypanosome. Study Design: Literature review where various literatures have been reviewed and the information synthesized. This paper has placed focus on: habitat type, wildlife management type, wildlife abundance and diversity, fire incidence and human activities. Place and Duration of Study: This literature review work focused in Tanzania mainland and specifically on Simanjiro district for economic implication of trypanosomiasis for the period of 2011-2013 years. Methodology: Literature Searching was done using key words in the following search engines Research gate, (https://www.researchgate.net), Google scholar, (https://scholar.google.com/), and PubMed. Manual search in printed documents were done in reports from government, poster, proceedings and publications which were not available in the internet. Results: Variation of habitat types was observed to have impacts on spatial and temporal distribution of various tsetse flies and wildlife species which are vector and reservoirs of the diseases respectively. Incidence of fire affected the distribution of tsetse flies, wildlife and prevalence of trypanosome. For the interval of three years (2011-2013) a loss of more than 1million USD associated with trypanosomiasis is estimated in Simanjiro district. More money is used by pastoralists in treatment of animals than in spraying pesticides. Conclusion: It is recommended that, more work to be done on the impact of ecological factors on trypanosomiasis. Also more effort is required in controlling the disease through collaboration of different stakeholders such as livestock officers, ecologists, veterinarians and other relevant agencies.

Aims: Poaching of wildlife is a major challenge in their conservation, including endemic ones like Procolobus gordonorum Matschie. Local communities in Udzungwa and Magombera poach for subsistence and small scale commerce. The Community poultry project adjacent to Magombera forest contributed towards enhancing the conservation of wildlife species through providing community with poultry as an alternative livelihood where meat and income can be generated in legal and convenient methods. Place and Duration of Study: This study took place in communities surrounding the Magombera Forest in the Morogoro region of Tanzania. The study was conducted from July 2018 to January 2019. Methodology: Random semi-structured questionnaires with Likert scaling were administered to 119 local community members neighbouring the Magombera Forest. A training workshop in which the participants were trained on veterinary and improved rearing practices in order to address the challenges were administered to 52 participants, followed by pre- and post-training evaluation questions that assessed the challenges and opportunity for poultry keeping. Results: Sixty one percent of respondents reported that they kept chickens before training, after training all showed an inclination to keep chickens for meat and income generation. The respondents reported that challenges for poultry keeping are diseases control, market for products, rearing system and predators and parasites. Conclusion: Training on poultry production to enhance conservation of biodiversity in Magombera forest is essential. However from this study it is clear that crucial challenges (such as diseases) for successful poultry production, specified by local communities, need to be dealt with first.

Liana growth following forest disturbance is threatening the tropical carbon sink by delaying or preventing recovery. Tree growth can be stimulated by liana cutting; however, its applicability for conservation management remains uncertain, particularly in Africa (the least-studied continent for ecological restoration) and against pervasive barriers such as wildfires. We conducted a small-scale trial to investigate tree sapling regeneration following liana cutting in a lowland African forest prone to low intensity wildfires. We employed a BACI design comprising eighteen 25 m2 plots of sapling trees in liana-infested areas. After 5 years of liana cutting, we saw greater recruitment, stem growth and net biomass. Wildfires caused 51% mortality and probably masked liana cutting influences on species and survival, but may have encouraged stem recruitment through interaction with liana cutting. Incorporating our data into a first quantitative review of previous studies, we found that tree growth, recruitment and net growth rates were all consistently higher where lianas were either absent or removed (respectively: 80%, 215%, 633%; n = 14, 3, 4). Tree growth impacts were approximately equivalent across size-classes and continents. We give recommendations for improved plot and sample sizes, but conclude that liana cutting is a promising restoration method for lowland tropical forests, including Africa. Resume La croissance de lianes apres les perturbations des forets menace le puits de carbone tropical en retardant, voire en empechant la restauration. Il est possible de stimuler la croissance des arbres en coupant les lianes mais la faisabilite de cette mesure de conservation reste incertaine, specialement en Afrique (le continent ou la restauration ecologique est la moins etudiee), vu aussi des obstacles aussi generalises que les feux de brousse. Nous avons realise un essai a petite echelle pour etudier la regeneration de jeunes arbres apres la coupe des lianes dans une foret de basse altitude sujette a des feux de faible intensite. Nous avons utilise une approche experimentale-temoin avant-apres (BACI) sur 18 parcelles de 25 m² contenant de jeunes arbres dans une zone infestee de lianes. Apres cinq ans de coupes de lianes, nous avons vu un recrutement, une croissance des troncs et une biomasse nette plus importants. Les feux ont cause une mortalite de 51% et ont probablement masque l'influence de la coupe des lianes sur les especes et leur survie, mais ils pourraient avoir favorise le recrutement des jeunes arbres par leur interaction avec la coupe des lianes. En integrant nos donnees dans une premiere revue quantitative d’etudes anterieures, nous avons decouvert que la croissance des arbres, leur recrutement et les taux de croissance nette etaient tous chaque fois plus eleves la ou les lianes etaient soit absentes, soit enlevees (respectivement : 80%, 215%, 633%; n = 14, 3, 4). Les impacts sur la croissance des arbres etaient a peu pres equivalents dans toutes les classes de taille et sur tous les continents. Nous donnons des recommandations pour ameliorer la taille des parcelles et des echantillons, mais nous concluons que la coupe des lianes est une methode de restauration prometteuse pour les forets tropicales de basse altitude, y compris en Afrique.