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BACKGROUND Psychodermatoses and their associations with mental health problems are one of the most frequent research themes in dermatology out-patient settings. Surprisingly however, very few studies have been conducted to evaluate psychodermatoses among subjects with primary psychiatric disorders. As such, the relationship between pre-existing psychiatric disorders and co-morbid psychodermatoses are underrepresented in literature. OBJECTIVE Aims This study examined the prevalence and distribution spread of psychodermatoses among adults with primary psychiatric disorders and determined the association between psychodermatological disorders and underlying psychiatric diagnosis. METHODS A cross-sectional analytical study involving 107 adult psychiatric patients was conducted at a tertiary healthcare facility in Southwestern Nigeria. Co-morbid psychodermatological disorders (PDs) were identified and classified using pre-existing classification systems. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the association between psychodermatoses and underlying psychiatric disorders. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Seventy-five (70.1%) of mental-health patients had at least one co-morbid psychodermatoses. The prevalence of psychodermatoses was highest in patients with affective disorders (75%) and least in those with schizophrenia(68.2%). PDs resulting from delusions/hallucinations (PDDH) and somatoform PPDMS were 9 and 13 times more frequent in patients with anxiety disorders compared with other psychiatric disorders (p= 0.013 and 0.003 respectively) In contrast, patients with schizophrenia were significantly less likely to be diagnosed with PDDH (p=0.002) A weak but significant negative association was also found between psychophysiological PDs and anxiety disorders (phi = -0.236, p=0.015). CONCLUSIONS This study provides important insights into the overwhelming burden of psychodermatological conditions in mental health patients and specific associations with underlying psychiatric diagnosis. CLINICALTRIAL IRC/IEC/00045553

Objective: To examine concordance between parent and teacher DBDRS in diagnosing ADHD among pupils in Ile Ife, Nigeria.Method: This study was carried out among 1385 children aged 5-12 years. Parents and teachers of the pupils were asked to complete the DBDRS checklist and children diagnosed for ADHD and their parents were interviewed for the symptoms and impaired function. Parent-teacher concordance of ADHD symptoms was evaluated.Results: Agreement between parents and teachers DBDRS was found to be good for ADHD diagnosis and its subtypes (r = 0.525, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between parents’ and teachers’ DBDRS in ADHD diagnosis: Inattention, r = 0.522, p < 0.001, hyperactivity, r = 0.572, p < 0.001, Combined, r = 0.569, p < 0.001.Conclusions: The good parent-teacher agreement implies that ADHD symptoms were noted appreciably by both parents and teachers in different settings with little bias.

Background: Association between violence and mental disorders has contributed immensely to the stigma associated with mental illness in the society; because people erroneously see mentally ill individuals as dangerous, they will not want to associate with them. Aims: To assess the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders among a sample of the violent offenders and to examine any relationship between psychiatric disorders and crimes. Method: This was a two-phase cross-sectional study in three police stations in Ile-Ife/Modakeke area of Nigeria. In the first phase, we screened 400 consecutive adults arrested for violent crimes using the General Health Questionnaire—30. In the second phase, all 36 persons with probable psychopathology were then interviewed with the Present State Examination to make a definitive diagnosis. Results: The mean age of all the subjects was 29.9 years (SD ± 7.3). The male to female ratio was 11:1. Respondents were mostly single (54%); most had secondary education or less (82%) and about 60% were currently using psychoactive substances (drugs). About 8.5% of all the subjects had a diagnosable psychiatric disorder; paranoid schizophrenia was the commonest psychiatric disorder (41.2%). Mentally ill subjects were three times more likely to commit homicidal offence than non-mentally ill subjects. Conclusion: There exists a significant but weak relationship between mental illness and violent crimes.

Objective:This study was to identify specific psychiatric morbidity among asthma patients and to compare their rates to controls.Method:Hundred consecutive asthmatics were screened using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-30), and the Present State Examination (PSE). The same instruments were also administered to 75 healthy individuals, and 75 orthopaedic patients.Results:Patients with asthma had a higher occurrence of psychopathology. The specific psychiatric diagnoses among asthmatics were generalized anxiety disorder (23%), depressive disorder (11%), while 2% had panic disorder.Conclusion:Psychiatric morbidity is more common among asthmatics, than the general population and other patient group.