631 results on '"Samson, R.A"'
Search Results
2. Taxonomy of AspergillusseriesVersicolores: species reduction and lessons learned about intraspecific variability
- Author
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Sklenář, F., primary, Glässnerová, K., additional, Jurjević, Ž., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, Visagie, C.M., additional, Yilmaz, N., additional, Gené, J., additional, Cano, J., additional, Chen, A.J., additional, Nováková, A., additional, Yaguchi, T., additional, Kolařík, M., additional, and Hubka, V., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. New insights concerning the occurrence of fungi in water sources and their potential pathogenicity
- Author
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Oliveira, B.R., Barreto Crespo, M.T., San Romão, M.V., Benoliel, M.J., Samson, R.A., and Pereira, V.J.
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- 2013
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- View/download PDF
4. Multi-locus phylogeny unmasks hidden species within the specialised spider-parasitic fungus, Gibellula (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) in Thailand
- Author
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Kuephadungphan, W., primary, Petcharad, B., additional, Tasanathai, K., additional, Thanakitpipattana, D., additional, Kobmoo, N., additional, Khonsanit, A., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, and Luangsaard, J.J., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. New and Interesting Fungi. 4
- Author
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Crous, P.W., primary, Hernández-Restrepo, M., additional, Schumacher, R.K., additional, Cowan, D.A., additional, Maggs-Kölling, G., additional, Marais, E., additional, Wingfield, M.J., additional, Yilmaz, N., additional, Adan, O.C.G., additional, Akulov, A., additional, Duarte, E. Álvarez, additional, Berraf-Tebbal, A., additional, Bulgakov, T.S., additional, Carnegie, A.J., additional, de Beer, Z.W., additional, Decock, C., additional, Dijksterhuis, J., additional, Duong, T.A., additional, Eichmeier, A., additional, Hien, L.T., additional, Houbraken, J.A.M.P., additional, Khanh, T.N., additional, Liem, N.V., additional, Lombard, L., additional, Lutzoni, F.M., additional, Miadlikowska, J.M., additional, Nel, W.J., additional, Pascoe, I.G., additional, Roets, F., additional, Roux, J., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, Shen, M., additional, Spetik, M., additional, Thangavel, R., additional, Thanh, H.M., additional, Thao, L.D., additional, van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., additional, Zhang, J.Q., additional, Zhang, Y., additional, Zhao, L.L., additional, and Groenewald, J.Z., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. A re-evaluation of Penicillium section Canescentia, including the description of five new species
- Author
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Visagie, C.M., Frisvad, J.C., Houbraken, J., Visagie, A., Samson, R.A., Jacobs, K., Visagie, C.M., Frisvad, J.C., Houbraken, J., Visagie, A., Samson, R.A., and Jacobs, K.
- Abstract
A survey of Penicillium in the fynbos biome from South Africa resulted in the isolation of 61 species of which 29 were found to be new. In this study we focus on Penicillium section Canescentia, providing a phylogenetic re-evaluation based on the analysis of partial beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequence data. Based on phylogenies we show that five fynbos species are new and several previously assigned synonyms of P. canescens and P. janczewskii should be considered as distinct species. As such, we provide descriptions for the five new species and introduce the new name P. elizabethiae for the illegitimate P. echinatum. We also update the accepted species list and synonymies of section Canescentia species and provide a review of extrolites produced by these species.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell
- Author
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Crous, P.W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K.A., Schroers, H.-J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G.H.J., Lamprecht, S.C., Cai, L., Rossman, A.Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R.C., Taylor, J.W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J.C., Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J.F., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J.D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M.P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C.A., Vries, R.P. de, Ezekiel, C.N., Fan, X.L., Fernández, N.B., Gaya, E., González, C.D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V.K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P.R., Jurjević, Ž., Karalti, İ., Korsten, L., Kuramae, E.E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D.P., Lee, H.B., Lechat, C., Li, H.Y., Litovka, Y.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R.H., Noumeur, S.R., Pavlov, I.N., Peralta, M.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pitt, J.I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A.M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R.A., Santos, A.C.S., Shivas, R.G., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, G.Y., Swart, W.J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y.P., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tiago, P.V., Váczy, K.Z., Wiele, N. van de, Merwe, N.A. van der, Verkley, G.J.M., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xia, J.W., Yáñez-Morales, M.J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J.C., Zare, R., Zhang, C.L., Thines, M., Crous, P.W., Lombard, L., Sandoval-Denis, M., Seifert, K.A., Schroers, H.-J., Chaverri, P., Gené, J., Guarro, J., Hirooka, Y., Bensch, K., Kema, G.H.J., Lamprecht, S.C., Cai, L., Rossman, A.Y., Stadler, M., Summerbell, R.C., Taylor, J.W., Ploch, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Frisvad, J.C., Abdel-Azeem, A.M., Abdollahzadeh, J., Abdolrasouli, A., Akulov, A., Alberts, J.F., Araújo, J.P.M., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bakhshi, M., Bendiksby, M., Amor, A. Ben Hadj, Bezerra, J.D.P., Boekhout, T., Câmara, M.P.S., Carbia, M., Cardinali, G., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Celis, A., Chaturvedi, V., Collemare, J., Croll, D., Damm, U., Decock, C.A., Vries, R.P. de, Ezekiel, C.N., Fan, X.L., Fernández, N.B., Gaya, E., González, C.D., Gramaje, D., Groenewald, J.Z., Grube, M., Guevara-Suarez, M., Gupta, V.K., Guarnaccia, V., Haddaji, A., Hagen, F., Haelewaters, D., Hansen, K., Hashimoto, A., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Houbraken, J., Hubka, V., Hyde, K.D., Iturriaga, T., Jeewon, R., Johnston, P.R., Jurjević, Ž., Karalti, İ., Korsten, L., Kuramae, E.E., Kušan, I., Labuda, R., Lawrence, D.P., Lee, H.B., Lechat, C., Li, H.Y., Litovka, Y.A., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Marin-Felix, Y., Kemkuignou, B. Matio, Matočec, N., McTaggart, A.R., Mlčoch, P., Mugnai, L., Nakashima, C., Nilsson, R.H., Noumeur, S.R., Pavlov, I.N., Peralta, M.P., Phillips, A.J.L., Pitt, J.I., Polizzi, G., Quaedvlieg, W., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Restrepo, S., Rhaiem, A., Robert, J., Robert, V., Rodrigues, A.M., Salgado-Salazar, C., Samson, R.A., Santos, A.C.S., Shivas, R.G., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, G.Y., Swart, W.J., Szoke, S., Tan, Y.P., Taylor, J.E., Taylor, P.W.J., Tiago, P.V., Váczy, K.Z., Wiele, N. van de, Merwe, N.A. van der, Verkley, G.J.M., Vieira, W.A.S., Vizzini, A., Weir, B.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Xia, J.W., Yáñez-Morales, M.J., Yurkov, A., Zamora, J.C., Zare, R., Zhang, C.L., and Thines, M.
- Abstract
Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In th
- Published
- 2021
8. New and Interesting Fungi. 4
- Author
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Crous, P.W., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Schumacher, R.K., Cowan, D.A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Marais, E., Wingfield, M.J., Yilmaz, N., Adan, O.C.G., Akulov, A., Álvarez Duarte, E., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Bulgakov, T.S., Carnegie, A.J., de Beer, Z.W., Decock, C., Dijksterhuis, J., Duong, T.A., Eichmeier, A., Hien, L.T., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Khanh, T.N., Liem, N.V., Lombard, L., Lutzoni, F.M., Miadlikowska, J.M., Nel, W.J., Pascoe, I.G., Roets, F., Roux, J., Samson, R.A., Shen, M., Spetik, M., Thangavel, R., Thanh, H.M., Thao, L.D., van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Zhang, J.Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, L.L., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Schumacher, R.K., Cowan, D.A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Marais, E., Wingfield, M.J., Yilmaz, N., Adan, O.C.G., Akulov, A., Álvarez Duarte, E., Berraf-Tebbal, A., Bulgakov, T.S., Carnegie, A.J., de Beer, Z.W., Decock, C., Dijksterhuis, J., Duong, T.A., Eichmeier, A., Hien, L.T., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Khanh, T.N., Liem, N.V., Lombard, L., Lutzoni, F.M., Miadlikowska, J.M., Nel, W.J., Pascoe, I.G., Roets, F., Roux, J., Samson, R.A., Shen, M., Spetik, M., Thangavel, R., Thanh, H.M., Thao, L.D., van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Zhang, J.Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, L.L., and Groenewald, J.Z.
- Abstract
An order, family and genus are validated, seven new genera, 35 new species, two new combinations, two epitypes, two lectotypes, and 17 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. Validated order, family and genus: Superstratomycetales and Superstratomycetaceae (based on Superstratomyces). New genera: Haudseptoria (based on Haudseptoria typhae); Hogelandia (based on Hogelandia lambearum); Neoscirrhia (based on Neoscirrhia osmundae); Nothoanungitopsis (based on Nothoanungitopsis urophyllae); Nothomicrosphaeropsis (based on Nothomicrosphaeropsis welwitschiae); Populomyces (based on Populomyces zwinianus); Pseudoacrospermum (based on Pseudoacrospermum goniomae). New species: Apiospora sasae on dead culms of Sasa veitchii (Netherlands); Apiospora stipae on dead culms of Stipa gigantea (Spain); Bagadiella eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Australia); Calonectria singaporensis from submerged leaf litter (Singapore); Castanediella neomalaysiana on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Malaysia); Colletotrichum pleopeltidis on leaves of Pleopeltis sp. (South Africa); Coniochaeta deborreae from soil (Netherlands); Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus (Vietnam); Floricola juncicola on dead culm of Juncus sp. (France); Haudseptoria typhae on leaf sheath of Typha sp. (Germany); Hogelandia lambearum from soil (Netherlands); Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil (Chile); Neofusicoccum mystacidii on dead stems of Mystacidium capense (South Africa); Neomycosphaerella guibourtiae on leaves of Guibourtia sp. (Angola); Niesslia neoexosporioides on dead leaves of Carex paniculata (Germany); Nothoanungitopsis urophyllae on seed capsules of Eucalyptus urophylla (South Africa); Nothomicrosphaeropsis welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis (Namibia); Paracremonium bendijkiorum from soil (Netherlands); Paraphoma ledniceana on dead wood of Buxus sempervirens (Czech Republic); Paraphoma salicis on leaves of Salix cf. alba (Ukraine)
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- 2021
9. New and Interesting Fungi. 4
- Author
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Crous, P.W., Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands, Schumacher, R.K., Cowan, D.A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Marais, E., Wingfield, M.J., Yilmaz, N., Adan, O.C.G., Akulov, A., Duarte, E. Álvarez, Berraf-Tebbal, A., Bulgakov, T.S., Carnegie, A.J., de Beer, Z.W., Decock, Cony, Dijksterhuis, J., Duong, T.A., Eichmeier, A., Hien, L.T., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Khanh, T.N., Liem, N.V., Lombard, L., Lutzoni, F.M., Miadlikowska, J.M., Nel, W.J., Pascoe, I.G., Roets, F., Roux, J., Samson, R.A., Shen, M., Spetik, M., Thangavel, R., Thanh, H.M., Thao, L.D., van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Zhang, J.Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, L.L., Groenewald, J.Z., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Crous, P.W., Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands, Schumacher, R.K., Cowan, D.A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Marais, E., Wingfield, M.J., Yilmaz, N., Adan, O.C.G., Akulov, A., Duarte, E. Álvarez, Berraf-Tebbal, A., Bulgakov, T.S., Carnegie, A.J., de Beer, Z.W., Decock, Cony, Dijksterhuis, J., Duong, T.A., Eichmeier, A., Hien, L.T., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Khanh, T.N., Liem, N.V., Lombard, L., Lutzoni, F.M., Miadlikowska, J.M., Nel, W.J., Pascoe, I.G., Roets, F., Roux, J., Samson, R.A., Shen, M., Spetik, M., Thangavel, R., Thanh, H.M., Thao, L.D., van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Zhang, J.Q., Zhang, Y., Zhao, L.L., and Groenewald, J.Z.
- Abstract
An order, family and genus are validated, seven new genera, 35 new species, two new combinations, two epitypes, two lectotypes, and 17 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. Validated order, family and genus: Superstratomycetales and Superstratomycetaceae (based on Superstratomyces). New genera: Haudseptoria (based on Haudseptoria typhae); Hogelandia (based on Hogelandia lambearum); Neoscirrhia (based on Neoscirrhia osmundae); Nothoanungitopsis (based on Nothoanungitopsis urophyllae); Nothomicrosphaeropsis (based on Nothomicrosphaeropsis welwitschiae); Populomyces (based on Populomyces zwinianus); Pseudoacrospermum (based on Pseudoacrospermum goniomae). New species: Apiospora sasae on dead culms of Sasa veitchii (Netherlands); Apiospora stipae on dead culms of Stipa gigantea (Spain); Bagadiella eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus sp . (Australia); Calonectria singaporensis from submerged leaf litter (Singapore); Castanediella neomalaysiana on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Malaysia); Colletotrichum pleopeltidis on leaves of Pleopeltis sp. (South Africa); Coniochaeta deborreae from soil (Netherlands); Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus (Vietnam); Floricola juncicola on dead culm of Juncus sp. (France); Haudseptoria typhae on leaf sheath of Typha sp. (Germany); Hogelandia lambearum from soil (Netherlands); Lomentospora valparaisensis from soil (Chile); Neofusicoccum mystacidii on dead stems of Mystacidium capense (South Africa); Neomycosphaerella guibourtiae on leaves of Guibourtia sp. (Angola); Niesslia neoexosporioides on dead leaves of Carex paniculata (Germany); Nothoanungitopsis urophyllae on seed capsules of Eucalyptus urophylla (South Africa); Nothomicrosphaeropsis welwitschiae on dead leaves of Welwitschia mirabilis (Namibia); Paracremonium bendijkiorum from soil (Netherlands); Paraphoma ledniceana on dead wood of Buxus sempervirens (Czech Republic); Paraphoma salicis on leaves of Salix cf. alba (Ukraine
- Published
- 2021
10. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell
- Author
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Crous, P.W., primary, Lombard, L., additional, Sandoval-Denis, M., additional, Seifert, K.A., additional, Schroers, H.-J., additional, Chaverri, P., additional, Gené, J., additional, Guarro, J., additional, Hirooka, Y., additional, Bensch, K., additional, Kema, G.H.J., additional, Lamprecht, S.C., additional, Cai, L., additional, Rossman, A.Y., additional, Stadler, M., additional, Summerbell, R.C., additional, Taylor, J.W., additional, Ploch, S., additional, Visagie, C.M., additional, Yilmaz, N., additional, Frisvad, J.C., additional, Abdel-Azeem, A.M., additional, Abdollahzadeh, J., additional, Abdolrasouli, A., additional, Akulov, A., additional, Alberts, J.F., additional, Araújo, J.P.M., additional, Ariyawansa, H.A., additional, Bakhshi, M., additional, Bendiksby, M., additional, Ben Hadj Amor, A., additional, Bezerra, J.D.P., additional, Boekhout, T., additional, Câmara, M.P.S., additional, Carbia, M., additional, Cardinali, G., additional, Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., additional, Celis, A., additional, Chaturvedi, V., additional, Collemare, J., additional, Croll, D., additional, Damm, U., additional, Decock, C.A., additional, de Vries, R.P., additional, Ezekiel, C.N., additional, Fan, X.L., additional, Fernández, N.B., additional, Gaya, E., additional, González, C.D., additional, Gramaje, D., additional, Groenewald, J.Z., additional, Grube, M., additional, Guevara-Suarez, M., additional, Gupta, V.K., additional, Guarnaccia, V., additional, Haddaji, A., additional, Hagen, F., additional, Haelewaters, D., additional, Hansen, K., additional, Hashimoto, A., additional, Hernández-Restrepo, M., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Hubka, V., additional, Hyde, K.D., additional, Iturriaga, T., additional, Jeewon, R., additional, Johnston, P.R., additional, Jurjević, Ž., additional, Karalti, İ., additional, Korsten, L., additional, Kuramae, E.E., additional, Kušan, I., additional, Labuda, R., additional, Lawrence, D.P., additional, Lee, H.B., additional, Lechat, C., additional, Li, H.Y., additional, Litovka, Y.A., additional, Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., additional, Marin-Felix, Y., additional, Matio Kemkuignou, B., additional, Matočec, N., additional, McTaggart, A.R., additional, Mlčoch, P., additional, Mugnai, L., additional, Nakashima, C., additional, Nilsson, R.H., additional, Noumeur, S.R., additional, Pavlov, I.N., additional, Peralta, M.P., additional, Phillips, A.J.L., additional, Pitt, J.I., additional, Polizzi, G., additional, Quaedvlieg, W., additional, Rajeshkumar, K.C., additional, Restrepo, S., additional, Rhaiem, A., additional, Robert, J., additional, Robert, V., additional, Rodrigues, A.M., additional, Salgado-Salazar, C., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, Santos, A.C.S., additional, Shivas, R.G., additional, Souza-Motta, C.M., additional, Sun, G.Y., additional, Swart, W.J., additional, Szoke, S., additional, Tan, Y.P., additional, Taylor, J.E., additional, Taylor, P.W.J., additional, Tiago, P.V., additional, Váczy, K.Z., additional, van de Wiele, N., additional, van der Merwe, N.A., additional, Verkley, G.J.M., additional, Vieira, W.A.S., additional, Vizzini, A., additional, Weir, B.S., additional, Wijayawardene, N.N., additional, Xia, J.W., additional, Yáñez-Morales, M.J., additional, Yurkov, A., additional, Zamora, J.C., additional, Zare, R., additional, Zhang, C.L., additional, and Thines, M., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. A re-evaluation of Penicillium section Canescentia, including the description of five new species
- Author
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Visagie, C.M., primary, Frisvad, J.C., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Visagie, A., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, and Jacobs, K., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Normal Values for Corrected Sinus Node Recovery Time in Adolescents
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Samson, R.A., Jolma, C.D., and Zamora, R.
- Published
- 1999
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13. Toxic-metabolite-producing bacteria and fungus in an indoor environment
- Author
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Peltola, J., Andersson, M.A., Haahtela, T., Mussalo-Rauhamaa, H., Rainey, F.A., Kroppenstedt, R.M., Samson, R.A., and Salkinoja-Salonen, M.S.
- Subjects
Bacterial toxins -- Research ,Housing and health -- Research ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Researchers isolated bacteria and mold from a water-damaged house that produced toxic substances that affected cell mitochondria. The microorganisms included Bacillus simplex, Streptomyces, Nocardiopsis, Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus pumilus.
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- 2001
14. Revisiting Metarhizium and the description of new species from Thailand
- Author
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Mongkolsamrit, S., primary, Khonsanit, A., additional, Thanakitpipattana, D., additional, Tasanathai, K., additional, Noisripoom, W., additional, Lamlertthon, S., additional, Himaman, W., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, and Luangsa-ard, J., additional
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- 2020
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15. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species
- Author
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Houbraken, J., primary, Kocsubé, S., additional, Visagie, C.M., additional, Yilmaz, N., additional, Wang, X.-C., additional, Meijer, M., additional, Kraak, B., additional, Hubka, V., additional, Bensch, K., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, and Frisvad, J.C., additional
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
16. Zygomycetes
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Dijksterhuis, J., primary and Samson, R.A., additional
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- 2006
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17. Redefining Humicola sensu stricto and related genera in the Chaetomiaceae
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Wang, X.W., Yang, F.Y., Meijer, M., Kraak, B., Sun, B D, Jiang, Yu-Lan, Wu, Yue-Ming, Bai, F.Y., Seifert, Keith A., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., Houbraken, J., Wang, X.W., Yang, F.Y., Meijer, M., Kraak, B., Sun, B D, Jiang, Yu-Lan, Wu, Yue-Ming, Bai, F.Y., Seifert, Keith A., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., and Houbraken, J.
- Abstract
The traditional concept of the genus Humicola includes species that produce pigmented, thick-walled and single-celled spores laterally or terminally on hyphae or minimally differentiated conidiophores. More than 50 species have been described in the genus. Species commonly occur in soil, indoor environments, and compost habitats. The taxonomy of Humicola and morphologically similar genera is poorly understood in modern terms. Based on a four-locus phylogeny, the morphological concept of Humicola proved to be polyphyletic. The type of Humicola, H. fuscoatra, belongs to the Chaetomiaceae. In the Chaetomiaceae, species producing humicola-like thick-walled spores are distributed among four lineages: Humicola sensu stricto, Mycothermus, Staphylotrichum, and Trichocladium. In our revised concept of Humicola, asexual and sexually reproducing species both occur. The re-defined Humicola contains 24 species (seven new and thirteen new combinations), which are described and illustrated in this study. The species in this genus produce conidia that are lateral, intercalary or terminal on/in hyphae, and conidiophores are not formed or are minimally developed (micronematous). The ascospores of sexual Humicola species are limoniform to quadrangular in face view and bilaterally flattened with one apical germ pore. Seven species are accepted in Staphylotrichum (four new species, one new combination). Thick-walled conidia of Staphylotrichum species usually arise either from hyphae (micronematous) or from apically branched, seta-like conidiophores (macronematous). The sexual morph represented by Staphylotrichum longicolleum (= Chaetomium longicolleum) produces ascomata with long necks composed of a fused basal part of the terminal hairs, and ascospores that are broad limoniform to nearly globose, bilaterally flattened, with an apical germ pore. The Trichocladium lineage has a high morphological diversity in both asexual and sexual structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four subclad
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- 2019
18. The Genus Aspergillus with Special Regard to the Aspergillus fumigatus Group
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Samson, R.A., primary
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- 1999
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19. 2017 American Heart Association Focused Update on Pediatric Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
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Duff, J.P., Atkins, D.L., Schexnayder, S.M., Berger, S., Joyner, B.L., Jr, Niles, D.E., Samson, R.A., Bigham, B.L., Meaney, P.A., Hunt, E.A., and de Caen, A.R.
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health services administration ,health care facilities, manpower, and services ,education ,cardiovascular diseases ,health care economics and organizations - Abstract
This focused update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and emergency cardiovascular care follows the Pediatric Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation evidence review. It aligns with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation's continuous evidence review process, and updates are published when the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation completes a literature review based on new science. This update provides the evidence review and treatment recommendation for chest compression-only CPR versus CPR using chest compressions with rescue breaths for children
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- 2018
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20. Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae
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Wang, X.W., primary, Bai, F.Y., additional, Bensch, K., additional, Meijer, M., additional, Sun, B.D., additional, Han, Y.F., additional, Crous, P.W., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, Yang, F.Y., additional, and Houbraken, J., additional
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- 2019
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21. Taxonomy ofAspergillussectionFlaviand their production of aflatoxins, ochratoxins and other mycotoxins
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Frisvad, J.C., primary, Hubka, V., additional, Ezekiel, C.N., additional, Hong, S.-B., additional, Nováková, A., additional, Chen, A.J., additional, Arzanlou, M., additional, Larsen, T.O., additional, Sklenář, F., additional, Mahakarnchanakul, W., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, and Houbraken, J., additional
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- 2019
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22. Redefining Humicola sensu stricto and related genera in the Chaetomiaceae
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Wang, X.W., primary, Yang, F.Y., additional, Meijer, M., additional, Kraak, B., additional, Sun, B.D., additional, Jiang, Y.L., additional, Wu, Y.M., additional, Bai, F.Y., additional, Seifert, K.A., additional, Crous, P.W., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, and Houbraken, J., additional
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- 2019
- Full Text
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23. Name changes in medically important fungi and their implications for clinical practice
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Hoog, G.S. de, Chaturvedi, V., Denning, D.W., Dyer, P.S., Frisvad, J.C., Geiser, D., Gräser, Y., Guarro, J., Haase, G., Kwon-Chung, K.J., Meis, J.F.G.M., Meyer, W., Pitt, J.I., Samson, R.A., Taylor, J.W., Tintelnot, K., Vitale, R.G., Walsh, T.J., and Lackner, M.
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lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 153469.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
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- 2015
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24. Cladosporium species in indoor environments
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Bensch, K., Groenewald, J.Z., Meijer, M., Dijksterhuis, J., Jurjević, Ž., Andersen, B., Houbraken, J., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., Bensch, K., Groenewald, J.Z., Meijer, M., Dijksterhuis, J., Jurjević, Ž., Andersen, B., Houbraken, J., Crous, P.W., and Samson, R.A.
- Abstract
As part of a worldwide survey of the indoor mycobiota about 520 new Cladosporium isolates from indoor environments mainly collected in China, Europe, New Zealand, North America and South Africa were investigated by using a polyphasic approach to determine their species identity. All Cladosporium species occurring in indoor environments are fully described and illustrated. Fourty-six Cladosporium species are treated of which 16 species are introduced as new. A key for the most common Cladosporium species isolated from indoor environments is provided. Cladosporium halotolerans proved to be the most frequently isolated Cladosporium species indoors.
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- 2018
25. Comparative genomics reveals high biological diversity and specific adaptations in the industrially and medically important fungal genus Aspergillus
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de Vries, R.P. Riley, R. Wiebenga, A. Aguilar-Osorio, G. Amillis, S. Uchima, C.A. Anderluh, G. Asadollahi, M. Askin, M. Barry, K. Battaglia, E. Bayram, O. Benocci, T. Braus-Stromeyer, S.A. Caldana, C. Cánovas, D. Cerqueira, G.C. Chen, F. Chen, W. Choi, C. Clum, A. dos Santos, R.A.C. de Lima Damásio, A.R. Diallinas, G. Emri, T. Fekete, E. Flipphi, M. Freyberg, S. Gallo, A. Gournas, C. Habgood, R. Hainaut, M. Harispe, M.L. Henrissat, B. Hildén, K.S. Hope, R. Hossain, A. Karabika, E. Karaffa, L. Karányi, Z. Kraševec, N. Kuo, A. Kusch, H. LaButti, K. Lagendijk, E.L. Lapidus, A. Levasseur, A. Lindquist, E. Lipzen, A. Logrieco, A.F. MacCabe, A. Mäkelä, M.R. Malavazi, I. Melin, P. Meyer, V. Mielnichuk, N. Miskei, M. Molnár, A.P. Mulé, G. Ngan, C.Y. Orejas, M. Orosz, E. Ouedraogo, J.P. Overkamp, K.M. Park, H.-S. Perrone, G. Piumi, F. Punt, P.J. Ram, A.F.J. Ramón, A. Rauscher, S. Record, E. Riaño-Pachón, D.M. Robert, V. Röhrig, J. Ruller, R. Salamov, A. Salih, N.S. Samson, R.A. Sándor, E. Sanguinetti, M. Schütze, T. Sepčić, K. Shelest, E. Sherlock, G. Sophianopoulou, V. Squina, F.M. Sun, H. Susca, A. Todd, R.B. Tsang, A. Unkles, S.E. van de Wiele, N. van Rossen-Uffink, D. de Castro Oliveira, J.V. Vesth, T.C. Visser, J. Yu, J.-H. Zhou, M. Andersen, M.R. Archer, D.B. Baker, S.E. Benoit, I. Brakhage, A.A. Braus, G.H. Fischer, R. Frisvad, J.C. Goldman, G.H. Houbraken, J. Oakley, B. Pócsi, I. Scazzocchio, C. Seiboth, B. vanKuyk, P.A. Wortman, J. Dyer, P.S. Grigoriev, I.V.
- Abstract
Background: The fungal genus Aspergillus is of critical importance to humankind. Species include those with industrial applications, important pathogens of humans, animals and crops, a source of potent carcinogenic contaminants of food, and an important genetic model. The genome sequences of eight aspergilli have already been explored to investigate aspects of fungal biology, raising questions about evolution and specialization within this genus. Results: We have generated genome sequences for ten novel, highly diverse Aspergillus species and compared these in detail to sister and more distant genera. Comparative studies of key aspects of fungal biology, including primary and secondary metabolism, stress response, biomass degradation, and signal transduction, revealed both conservation and diversity among the species. Observed genomic differences were validated with experimental studies. This revealed several highlights, such as the potential for sex in asexual species, organic acid production genes being a key feature of black aspergilli, alternative approaches for degrading plant biomass, and indications for the genetic basis of stress response. A genome-wide phylogenetic analysis demonstrated in detail the relationship of the newly genome sequenced species with other aspergilli. Conclusions: Many aspects of biological differences between fungal species cannot be explained by current knowledge obtained from genome sequences. The comparative genomics and experimental study, presented here, allows for the first time a genus-wide view of the biological diversity of the aspergilli and in many, but not all, cases linked genome differences to phenotype. Insights gained could be exploited for biotechnological and medical applications of fungi. © 2017 The Author(s).
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- 2017
26. Cladosporium species in indoor environments
- Author
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Bensch, K., primary, Groenewald, J.Z., additional, Meijer, M., additional, Dijksterhuis, J., additional, Jurjević, Ž., additional, Andersen, B., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Crous, P.W., additional, and Samson, R.A., additional
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- 2018
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27. Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food
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Chen, A.J., Hubka, Vit, Frisvad, Jens Christian, Visagie, C. M., Houbraken, Jos, Meijer, M., Varga, J., Demirel, R., Jurjević, Željko, Kubátová, Alena, Sklenář, František, Zhou, Y.G., Samson, R.A, Chen, A.J., Hubka, Vit, Frisvad, Jens Christian, Visagie, C. M., Houbraken, Jos, Meijer, M., Varga, J., Demirel, R., Jurjević, Željko, Kubátová, Alena, Sklenář, František, Zhou, Y.G., and Samson, R.A
- Abstract
Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly the genus Eurotium) includes xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present study, a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of substrates all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. Colony characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy to illustrate and characterise each species. Many specific extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons, and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several extrolites show antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a polyphasic approach, 31 species are recognised, including nine new species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish species. All species can be differentiated using CaM or RPB2 sequences. For BenA, Aspergillus brunneus and A. niveoglaucus share identical sequences. Ascospores an
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- 2017
28. Phylogeny of xerophilic aspergilli (subgenus Aspergillus ) and taxonomic revision of section Restricti
- Author
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Sklenář, F., Jurjević, Ž., Zalar, P., Frisvad, Jens Christian, Visagie, C.M., Kolařík, M., Houbraken, J., Chen, A.J., Yilmaz, N., Seifert, K.A., Coton, M., Déniel, F., Gunde-Cimerman, N., Samson, R.A., Peterson, S.W., Hubka, V., Sklenář, F., Jurjević, Ž., Zalar, P., Frisvad, Jens Christian, Visagie, C.M., Kolařík, M., Houbraken, J., Chen, A.J., Yilmaz, N., Seifert, K.A., Coton, M., Déniel, F., Gunde-Cimerman, N., Samson, R.A., Peterson, S.W., and Hubka, V.
- Abstract
Aspergillus section Restricti together with sister section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium) comprises xerophilic species, that are able to grow on substrates with low water activity and in extreme environments. We adressed the monophyly of both sections within subgenus Aspergillus and applied a multidisciplinary approach for definition of species boundaries in sect. Restricti. The monophyly of sections Aspergillus and Restricti was tested on a set of 102 isolates comprising all currently accepted species and was strongly supported by Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inferrence (BI) analysis based on β-tubulin (benA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) loci. More than 300 strains belonging to sect. Restricti from various isolation sources and four continents were characterized by DNA sequencing, and 193 isolates were selected for phylogenetic analyses and phenotypic studies. Species delimitation methods based on multispecies coalescent model were employed on DNA sequences from four loci, i.e., ID region of rDNA (ITS + 28S), CaM, benA and RPB2, and supported recognition of 21 species, including 14 new. All these species were also strongly supported in ML and BI analyses. All recognised species can be reliably identified by all four examined genetic loci. Phenotype analysis was performed to support the delimitation of new species and includes colony characteristics on seven cultivation media incubated at several temperatures, growth on an osmotic gradient (six media with NaCl concentration from 0 to 25 %) and analysis of morphology including scanning electron microscopy. The micromorphology of conidial heads, vesicle dimensions, temperature profiles and growth parameters in osmotic gradient were useful criteria for species identification. The vast majority of species in sect. Restricti produce asperglaucide, asperphenamate or both in contrast to species in sect. Aspergillus. Mycophenolic acid was detected for the first time in a
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- 2017
29. Response to pitt & taylor 2016: Conservation of Aspergillus with a. Niger as the conserved type is unnecessary and potentially disruptive
- Author
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Samson, R.A. (Robert A.), Hubka, V. (Vit), Varga, J. (Janos), Houbraken, J. (Jos), Hong, S.-B. (Seung-Beom), Klaassen, C.H. (Corné), Perrone, G. (Giancarlo), Seifert, K.A. (Keith A.), Magistà, D. (Donato), Visagie, C.M. (Cobus M.), Kocsubé, S. (Sandor), Szigeti, G. (Geongi), Yaguchi, T. (Takashi), Peterson, S.W. (Stephen W.), Frisvad, J.C. (Jens C.), Samson, R.A. (Robert A.), Hubka, V. (Vit), Varga, J. (Janos), Houbraken, J. (Jos), Hong, S.-B. (Seung-Beom), Klaassen, C.H. (Corné), Perrone, G. (Giancarlo), Seifert, K.A. (Keith A.), Magistà, D. (Donato), Visagie, C.M. (Cobus M.), Kocsubé, S. (Sandor), Szigeti, G. (Geongi), Yaguchi, T. (Takashi), Peterson, S.W. (Stephen W.), and Frisvad, J.C. (Jens C.)
- Abstract
Aspergillus is a diverse fungal genus containing many species of great agricultural, biotechnological and medical relevance. Because of the broad use of the genus name in diverse disciplines, and the importance of individual species names in these areas, the taxonomy and nomenclature of Aspergillus should remain stable. A formal proposal to change the generic type from A. glaucus to A. niger was recently published. Here we present arguments against this proposal. We assert that it should be rejected because it will not ensure nomenclatural stability for Aspergillus, and will put the names of several important species, such as A. flavus, A. fumigatus and A. oryzae at risk of being classified in different genera and being lost.
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- 2017
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30. The fungal composition of natural biofinishes on oil-treated wood
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van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Punt, P.J., Roeselers, G., Adan, O.C.G., Samson, R.A., van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Punt, P.J., Roeselers, G., Adan, O.C.G., and Samson, R.A.
- Abstract
Background Biofinished wood is considered to be a decorative and protective material for outdoor constructions, showing advantages compared to traditional treated wood in terms of sustainability and self-repair. Natural dark wood staining fungi are essential to biofinish formation on wood. Although all sorts of outdoor situated timber are subjected to fungal staining, the homogenous dark staining called biofinish has only been detected on specific vegetable oil-treated substrates. Revealing the fungal composition of various natural biofinishes on wood is a first step to understand and control biofinish formation for industrial application. Results A culture-based survey of fungi in natural biofinishes on oil-treated wood samples showed the common wood stain fungus Aureobasidium and the recently described genus Superstratomyces to be predominant constituents. A culture-independent approach, based on amplification of the internal transcribed spacer regions, cloning and Sanger sequencing, resulted in clone libraries of two types of biofinishes. Aureobasidium was present in both biofinish types, but was only predominant in biofinishes on pine sapwood treated with raw linseed oil. Most cloned sequences of the other biofinish type (pine sapwood treated with olive oil) could not be identified. In addition, a more in-depth overview of the fungal composition of biofinishes was obtained with Illumina amplicon sequencing that targeted the internal transcribed spacer region 1. All investigated samples, that varied in wood species, (oil) treatments and exposure times, contained Aureobasidium and this genus was predominant in the biofinishes on pine sapwood treated with raw linseed oil. Lapidomyces was the predominant genus in most of the other biofinishes and present in all other samples. Surprisingly, Superstratomyces, which was predominantly detected by the cultivation-based approach, could not be found with the Illumina sequencing approach, while Lapidomyces, Biofinished wood is considered to be a decorative and protective material for outdoor constructions, showing advantages compared to traditional treated wood in terms of sustainability and self-repair. Natural dark wood staining fungi are essential to biofinish formation on wood. Although all sorts of outdoor situated timber are subjected to fungal staining, the homogenous dark staining called biofinish has only been detected on specific vegetable oil-treated substrates. Revealing the fungal composition of various natural biofinishes on wood is a first step to understand and control biofinish formation for industrial application.
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- 2017
31. The fungal composition of natural biofinishes on oil-treated wood
- Author
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van Nieuwenhuijzen, Elke J., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Punt, P.J., Roeselers, G., Adan, O.C.G., Samson, R.A., van Nieuwenhuijzen, Elke J., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Punt, P.J., Roeselers, G., Adan, O.C.G., and Samson, R.A.
- Abstract
Background Biofinished wood is considered to be a decorative and protective material for outdoor constructions, showing advantages compared to traditional treated wood in terms of sustainability and self-repair. Natural dark wood staining fungi are essential to biofinish formation on wood. Although all sorts of outdoor situated timber are subjected to fungal staining, the homogenous dark staining called biofinish has only been detected on specific vegetable oil-treated substrates. Revealing the fungal composition of various natural biofinishes on wood is a first step to understand and control biofinish formation for industrial application. Results A culture-based survey of fungi in natural biofinishes on oil-treated wood samples showed the common wood stain fungus Aureobasidium and the recently described genus Superstratomyces to be predominant constituents. A culture-independent approach, based on amplification of the internal transcribed spacer regions, cloning and Sanger sequencing, resulted in clone libraries of two types of biofinishes. Aureobasidium was present in both biofinish types, but was only predominant in biofinishes on pine sapwood treated with raw linseed oil. Most cloned sequences of the other biofinish type (pine sapwood treated with olive oil) could not be identified. In addition, a more in-depth overview of the fungal composition of biofinishes was obtained with Illumina amplicon sequencing that targeted the internal transcribed spacer region 1. All investigated samples, that varied in wood species, (oil) treatments and exposure times, contained Aureobasidium and this genus was predominant in the biofinishes on pine sapwood treated with raw linseed oil. Lapidomyces was the predominant genus in most of the other biofinishes and present in all other samples. Surprisingly, Superstratomyces, which was predominantly detected by the cultivation-based approach, could not be found with the Illumina sequencing approach, while Lapidomyces, Biofinished wood is considered to be a decorative and protective material for outdoor constructions, showing advantages compared to traditional treated wood in terms of sustainability and self-repair. Natural dark wood staining fungi are essential to biofinish formation on wood. Although all sorts of outdoor situated timber are subjected to fungal staining, the homogenous dark staining called biofinish has only been detected on specific vegetable oil-treated substrates. Revealing the fungal composition of various natural biofinishes on wood is a first step to understand and control biofinish formation for industrial application.
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- 2017
32. Generic hyper-diversity in Stachybotriaceae
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Lombard, L., Houbraken, J., Decock, C., Samson, R.A., Meijer, M., Réblová, M., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., and Naturalis journals & series
- Subjects
Species concept ,Applied Spatial Research ,Laboratory of Phytopathology ,Indoor mycobiota ,Generic concept ,Human and plant pathogens ,EPS ,Multi-gene phylogeny ,Biodegraders ,Research Article ,Taxonomy ,Laboratorium voor Phytopathologie - Abstract
The family Stachybotriaceae was recently introduced to include the genera Myrothecium, Peethambara and Stachybotrys. Members of this family include important plant and human pathogens, as well as several species used in industrial and commercial applications as biodegraders and biocontrol agents. However, the generic boundaries in Stachybotriaceae are still poorly defined, as type material and sequence data are not readily available for taxonomic studies. To address this issue, we performed multi-locus phylogenetic analyses using partial gene sequences of the 28S large subunit (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA (ITS), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), calmodulin (cmdA), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) for all available type and authentic strains. Supported by morphological characters these data resolved 33 genera in the Stachybotriaceae. These included the nine already established genera Albosynnema, Alfaria, Didymostilbe, Myrothecium, Parasarcopodium, Peethambara, Septomyrothecium, Stachybotrys and Xepicula. At the same time the generic names Melanopsamma, Memnoniella and Virgatospora were resurrected. Phylogenetic inference further showed that both the genera Myrothecium and Stachybotrys are polyphyletic resulting in the introduction of 13 new genera with myrothecium-like morphology and eight new genera with stachybotrys-like morphology.
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- 2016
33. Phylogenetic reassessment of the Chaetomium globosum species complex
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Wang, X.W., Lombard, L., Groenewald, J.Z., Li, J., Videira, S.I.R., Samson, R.A., Liu, X.Z., Crous, Pedro Willem, and Naturalis journals & series
- Subjects
multi-gene phylogeny ,DNA barcode ,epitypification ,species complex ,systematics - Abstract
Chaetomium globosum, the type species of the genus, is ubiquitous, occurring on a wide variety of substrates, in air and in marine environments. This species is recognised as a cellulolytic and/or endophytic fungus. It is also known as a source of secondary metabolites with various biological activities, having great potential in the agricultural, medicinal and industrial fields. On the negative side, C. globosum has been reported as an air contaminant causing adverse health effects and as causal agent of human fungal infections. However, the taxonomic status of C. globosum is still poorly understood. The contemporary species concept for this fungus includes a broadly defined morphological diversity as well as a large number of synonymies with limited phylogenetic evidence. The aim of this study is, therefore, to resolve the phylogenetic limits of C. globosum s.str. and related species. Screening of isolates in the collections of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre (The Netherlands) and the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre (China) resulted in recognising 80 representative isolates of the C. globosum species complex. Thirty-six species are identified based on phylogenetic inference of six loci, supported by typical morphological characters, mainly ascospore shape. Of these, 12 species are newly described here. Additionally, C. cruentum, C. mollipilium, C. rectum, C. subterraneum and two varieties of C. globosum are synonymised under C. globosum s.str., and six species are resurrected, i.e. C. angustispirale, C. coarctatum, C. cochliodes, C. olivaceum, C. spiculipilium and C. subglobosum. Chaetomium ascotrichoides is segregated from C. madrasense and the genus name Chaetomidium is rejected. Five species, including C. globosum s.str., are typified here to stabilise their taxonomic status. A further evaluation of the six loci used in this study as potential barcodes indicated that the 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA and the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S nrRNA (ITS) gene regions were unreliable to resolve species, whereas β-tubulin (tub2) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) showed the greatest promise as DNA barcodes for differentiating Chaetomium species. This study provides a starting point to establish a more robust classification system for Chaetomium and for the Chaetomiaceae.
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- 2016
34. Taxonomy of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces and its significance for biotechnology
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Houbraken, J., Samson, R.A., Yilmaz, Neriman, de Vries, Ronald, Benoit Gelber, Isabelle, and Rordam Andersen, Mikael
- Abstract
Various fungi are used in biotechnology for their ability to produce a variety of small molecules and enzymes. The order Eurotiales contains the species-rich genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Talaromyces and some species belonging to those genera are utilised for biotechnology. Application of the single name nomenclature has led to numerous name changes for many fungi. This chapter will provide an overview of important name changes for the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and other related genera. The number of newly described species has also increased significantly in the last decade. A sequence based approach is currently recommended to correctly identify species of these genera. This chapter will also provide an overview of molecular identification techniques for isolates belonging to these genera.
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- 2016
35. Sex in Penicillium series Roqueforti
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Houbraken, J., Frisvad, J.C., and Samson, R.A.
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PHYLOGENY ,lcsh:Botany ,P. PANEUM ,TAXONOMY ,PENICILLIUM ,ROQUEFORTI ,P. CARNEUM ,lcsh:QK1-989 - Abstract
Various fungi were isolated during the course of a survey in a cold-store of apples in the Netherlands. One of these fungi belongs to the genus Penicillium and produces cleistothecia at 9 and 15 °C. A detailed study using a combination of phenotypic characters, sequences and extrolite patterns showed that these isolates belong to a new species within the series Roqueforti. The formation of cleistothecia at low temperatures and the inability to produce roquefortine C, together with a unique phylogenetic placement, make these isolates a novel entity in the Roqueforti series. The name Penicillium psychrosexualis sp. nov. (CBS 128137T) is proposed here for these isolates.
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- 2010
36. Cephalotrichum and related synnematous fungi with notes on species from the built environment
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Woudenberg, J.H.C., primary, Sandoval-Denis, M., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Seifert, K.A., additional, and Samson, R.A., additional
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- 2017
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37. Scopulariopsisand scopulariopsis-like species from indoor environments
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Woudenberg, J.H.C., primary, Meijer, M., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, and Samson, R.A., additional
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- 2017
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38. Phylogeny of xerophilic aspergilli (subgenus Aspergillus) and taxonomic revision of section Restricti
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Sklenář, F., primary, Jurjević, Ž., additional, Zalar, P., additional, Frisvad, J.C., additional, Visagie, C.M., additional, Kolařík, M., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Chen, A.J., additional, Yilmaz, N., additional, Seifert, K.A., additional, Coton, M., additional, Déniel, F., additional, Gunde-Cimerman, N., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, Peterson, S.W., additional, and Hubka, V., additional
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- 2017
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39. Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food
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Chen, A.J., primary, Hubka, V., additional, Frisvad, J.C., additional, Visagie, C.M., additional, Houbraken, J., additional, Meijer, M., additional, Varga, J., additional, Demirel, R., additional, Jurjević, Ž., additional, Kubátová, A., additional, Sklenář, F., additional, Zhou, Y.G., additional, and Samson, R.A., additional
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- 2017
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40. Phylogenetic analysis of Monascus and new species from honey, pollen and nests of stingless bees
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Barbosa, R.N., primary, Leong, S.L., additional, Vinnere-Pettersson, O., additional, Chen, A.J., additional, Souza-Motta, C.M., additional, Frisvad, J.C., additional, Samson, R.A., additional, Oliveira, N.T., additional, and Houbraken, J., additional
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- 2017
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41. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromycesand related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species
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Houbraken, J., Kocsubé, S., Visagie, C.M., Yilmaz, N., Wang, X.-C., Meijer, M., Kraak, B., Hubka, V., Bensch, K., Samson, R.A., and Frisvad, J.C.
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The Eurotialesis a relatively large order of Ascomyceteswith members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotialesand introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillusand Penicillium. Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotialesis given. The classification of the Eurotialesat family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the Eurotialesusing a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family Penicillaginaceaeis introduced and four known families are accepted: Aspergillaceae, Elaphomycetaceae, Thermoascaceaeand Trichocomaceae. The Eurotialesincludes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the Aspergillaceae(Aspergillago, Aspergillus, Evansstolkia, Hamigera, Leiothecium, Monascus, Penicilliopsis, Penicillium, Phialomyces, Pseudohamigera, Pseudopenicillium, Sclerocleista, Warcupiella, Xerochrysiumand Xeromyces), eight in the Trichocomaceae(Acidotalaromyces, Ascospirella, Dendrosphaera, Rasamsonia, Sagenomella, Talaromyces, Thermomyces, Trichocoma), two in the Thermoascaceae(Paecilomyces, Thermoascus) and one in the Penicillaginaceae(Penicillago). The classification of the Elaphomycetaceaewas not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family (Elaphomycesand Pseudotulostoma). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in Aspergillusand Penicillium. Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional level, resulting in a well-established sectional classification in these genera. In contrast, a series classification in Aspergillusand Penicilliumis often outdated or lacking, but is still relevant, e.g., the allocation of a species to a series can be highly predictive in what functional characters the species might have and might be useful when using a phenotype-based identification. The majority of the series in Aspergillusand Penicilliumare invalidly described and here we introduce a new series classification. Using a phylogenetic approach, often supported by phenotypic, physiologic and/or extrolite data, Aspergillusis subdivided in six subgenera, 27 sections (five new) and 75 series (73 new, one new combination), and Penicilliumin two subgenera, 32 sections (seven new) and 89 series (57 new, six new combinations). Correct identification of species belonging to the Eurotialesis difficult, but crucial, as the species name is the linking pin to information. Lists of accepted species are a helpful aid for researchers to obtain a correct identification using the current taxonomic schemes. In the most recent list from 2014, 339 Aspergillus, 354 Penicilliumand 88 Talaromycesspecies were accepted. These numbers increased significantly, and the current list includes 446 Aspergillus(32 % increase), 483 Penicillium(36 % increase) and 171 Talaromyces(94 % increase) species, showing the large diversity and high interest in these genera. We expanded this list with all genera and species belonging to the Eurotiales(except those belonging to Elaphomycetaceae). The list includes 1 187 species, distributed over 27 genera, and contains MycoBank numbers, collection numbers of type and ex-type cultures, subgenus, section and series classification data, information on the mode of reproduction, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS, beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences.
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- 2020
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42. Revisiting Metarhiziumand the description of new species from Thailand
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Mongkolsamrit, S., Khonsanit, A., Thanakitpipattana, D., Tasanathai, K., Noisripoom, W., Lamlertthon, S., Himaman, W., Houbraken, J., Samson, R.A., and Luangsa-ard, J.
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Over the last two decades the molecular phylogeny and classification of Metarhiziumhas been widely studied. Despite these efforts to understand this enigmatic genus, the basal lineages in Metarhiziumare still poorly resolved. In this study, a phylogenetic framework is reconstructed for the Clavicipitaceaefocusing on Metarhiziumthrough increased taxon-sampling using five genomic loci (SSU, LSU, tef, rpb1, rpb2) and the barcode marker ITS rDNA. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses and morphological characterisation of green-spored entomopathogenic Metarhiziumisolates from Thailand and soil isolates of M. carneumand M. marquandiireveal their ecological, genetic and species diversity. Nineteen new species are recognised in the Metarhiziumclade with narrow host ranges: two new species are found in the M. anisopliaecomplex – M. clavatumon Coleopteralarvae and M. sulphureumon Lepidopteralarvae; four new species are found in the M. flavoviridecomplex – M. biotecenseand M. fusoideumon brown plant hoppers (Hemiptera), M. culicidarumon mosquitoes, M. nornnoion Lepidopteralarvae; three new species M. megapomponiae, M. cicadae, M. niveumoccur on cicadas; five new species M. candelabrum, M. cercopidarum, M. ellipsoideum, M. huainamdangense M. ovoidosporumoccur on planthoppers, leafhoppers and froghoppers (Hemiptera); one new species M. eburneumon Lepidopterapupae; and four new species M. phuwiangense, M. purpureum, M. purpureonigrum, M. flavumon Coleoptera.Of these 19 new species, seven produce a sexual morph (M. clavatum, M. eburneum, M. flavum, M. phuwiangense, M. purpureonigrum, M. purpureum,and M. sulphureum) and asexual morphs are found in the remaining new species and also in M. sulphureum, M. purpureonigrumand M. purpureum. Metarhizium blattodeae, M. koreanumand M. viridulumare new records for Thailand. An alternative neotype for Metarhizium anisopliaeis proposed based on multi-gene and 5′tefanalyses showing that CBS 130.71 from Ukraine is more suitable, being from a much closer geographical location to Metchnikoff’s Metarhizium anisopliae.This isolate is distinct from the neotype of Metarhizium anisopliaevar. anisopliaeproposed by M. Tulloch from Ethiopia (ARSEF 7487). Six new genera are established for monophyletic clades subtending the core Metarhiziumclade, including Keithomyces, Marquandomyces, Papiliomyces, Purpureomyces, Sungia,and Yosiokobayasia. Metarhizium carneum, M. aciculare,and M. neogunniiare combined in Keithomycesand one new combination for M. marquandiiin Marquandomycesis proposed. Purpureomycesis introduced for species producing purple stromata including a new combination for M. khaoyaienseand two new species P. maesotensisand P. pyriformis. Papiliomycescontains two new combinations for M. liangshanenseand Metacordyceps shibinensis. The genus Sungiais proposed for the Korean species M. yongmunenseon Lepidopterapupa and Yosiokobayasiafor the Japanese species M. kusanagiensealso on Lepidopterapupa. A synoptic and dichotomous key to the accepted taxa is provided together with tables listing distinguishing morphological characters between species, host preferences, and geography.
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- 2020
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43. Diversity and taxonomy of Chaetomium and chaetomium-like fungi from indoor environments
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Wang, X.W., Houbraken, J., Groenewald, J.Z., Meijer, M., Andersen, Birgitte, Nielsen, K.F., Crous, P.W., Samson, R.A., Wang, X.W., Houbraken, J., Groenewald, J.Z., Meijer, M., Andersen, Birgitte, Nielsen, K.F., Crous, P.W., and Samson, R.A.
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During a study of indoor fungi, 145 isolates belonging to Chaetomiaceae were cultured from air, swab and dust samples from 19 countries. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), β-tubulin (tub2), ITS and 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA sequences, together with morphological comparisons with related genera and species, 30 indoor taxa are recognised, of which 22 represent known species, seven are described as new, and one remains to be identified to species level. In our collection, 69 % of the indoor isolates with six species cluster with members of the Chaetomium globosum species complex, representing Chaetomium sensu stricto. The other indoor species fall into nine lineages that are separated from each other with several known chaetomiaceous genera occurring among them. No generic names are available for five of those lineages, and the following new genera are introduced here: Amesia with three indoor species, Arcopilus with one indoor species, Collariella with four indoor species, Dichotomopilus with seven indoor species and Ovatospora with two indoor species. The generic concept of Botryotrichum is expanded to include Emilmuelleria and the chaetomium-like species B. muromum (= Ch. murorum) in which two indoor species are included. The generic concept of Subramaniula is expanded to include several chaetomium-like taxa as well as one indoor species. Humicola is recognised as a distinct genus including two indoor taxa. According to this study, Ch. globosum is the most abundant Chaetomiaceae indoor species (74/145), followed by Ch. cochliodes (17/145), Ch. elatum (6/145) and B. piluliferum (5/145). The morphological diversity of indoor Chaetomiaceae as well as the morphological characteristics of the new genera are described and illustrated. This taxonomic study redefines the generic concept of Chaetomium and provides new insight into the phylogenetic relationships among different genera within Chaetomiaceae.
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- 2016
44. Aspergillus section Nidulantes (formerly Emericella): Polyphasic taxonomy, chemistry and biology
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Chen, A.J., Frisvad, Jens Christian, Sun, B.D., Varga, J., Kocsubé, S., Dijksterhuis, J., Kim, D.H., Hong, S.-B., Houbraken, J., Samson, R.A., Chen, A.J., Frisvad, Jens Christian, Sun, B.D., Varga, J., Kocsubé, S., Dijksterhuis, J., Kim, D.H., Hong, S.-B., Houbraken, J., and Samson, R.A.
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Aspergillus section Nidulantes includes species with striking morphological characters, such as biseriate conidiophores with brown-pigmented stipes, and if present, the production of ascomata embedded in masses of Hülle cells with often reddish brown ascospores. The majority of species in this section have a sexual state, which were named Emericella in the dual name nomenclature system. In the present study, strains belonging to subgenus Nidulantes were subjected to multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. Nine sections are accepted in subgenus Nidulantes including the new section Cavernicolus. A polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of section Nidulantes. Based on this approach, section Nidulantes is subdivided in seven clades and 65 species, and 10 species are described here as new. Morphological characters including colour, shape, size, and ornamentation of ascospores, shape and size of conidia and vesicles, growth temperatures are important for identifying species. Many species of section Nidulantes produce the carcinogenic mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. The most important mycotoxins in Aspergillus section Nidulantes are aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, emestrin, fumitremorgins, asteltoxins, and paxillin while other extrolites are useful drugs or drug lead candidates such as echinocandins, mulundocandins, calbistrins, varitriols, variecolins and terrain. Aflatoxin B1 is produced by four species: A. astellatus, A. miraensis, A. olivicola, and A. venezuelensis.
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- 2016
45. Wood staining fungi revealed taxonomic novelties in Pezizomycotina: new order Superstratomycetales and new species Cyanodermella oleoligni
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van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Miadlikowska, J.M., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Adan, O.C.G., Lutzoni, F.M., Samson, R.A., van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Miadlikowska, J.M., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Adan, O.C.G., Lutzoni, F.M., and Samson, R.A.
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A culture-based survey of staining fungi on oil-treated timber after outdoor exposure in Australia and the Netherlands uncovered new taxa in Pezizomycotina. Their taxonomic novelty was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of multi-locus sequences (ITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, mitSSU, RPB1, RPB2, and EF-1α) using multiple reference data sets. These previously unknown taxa are recognised as part of a new order (Superstratomycetales) potentially closely related to Trypetheliales (Dothideomycetes), and as a new species of Cyanodermella, C. oleoligni in Stictidaceae (Ostropales) part of the mostly lichenised class Lecanoromycetes. Within Superstratomycetales a single genus named Superstratomyces with three putative species: S. flavomucosus, S. atroviridis, and S. albomucosus are formally described. Monophyly of each circumscribed Superstratomyces species was highly supported and the intraspecific genetic variation was substantially lower than interspecific differences detected among species based on the ITS, nrLSU, and EF-1α loci. Ribosomal loci for all members of Superstratomyces were noticeably different from all fungal sequences available in GenBank. All strains from this genus grow slowly in culture, have darkly pigmented mycelia and produce pycnidia. The strains of C. oleoligni form green colonies with slimy masses and develop green pycnidia on oatmeal agar. These new taxa could not be classified reliably at the class and lower taxonomic ranks by sequencing from the substrate directly or based solely on culture-dependent morphological investigations. Coupling phenotypic observations with multi-locus sequencing of fungi isolated in culture enabled these taxonomic discoveries. Outdoor situated timber provides a great potential for culturable undescribed fungal taxa, including higher rank lineages as revealed by this study, and therefore, should be further explored.
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- 2016
46. Discovery of a sexual cycle in Talaromyces amestolkiae
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Yilmaz, N., Hagen, F., Meis, J.F., Houbraken, J., Samson, R.A., Yilmaz, N., Hagen, F., Meis, J.F., Houbraken, J., and Samson, R.A.
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Item does not contain fulltext, Talaromyces amestolkiae is a common cosmopolitan species that has been cultured from indoor house dust, sputum and lungs from cystic fibrosis patients, indoor air, wheat, soil, pineapple, sculptures and manure. It was described as an asexual Talaromyces species and was reported to produce black sclerotia. In this study we report on the induction of sexual reproductive structures in T. amestolkiae. The mating type of 18 T. amestolkiae strains was determined with MAT-specific primers. Subsequently opposite mating types were inoculated on oatmeal agar and malt-extract agar and incubated 6-20 wk at 25 and 30 C in darkness. After incubation single ascospore isolations were made and evidence of recombination in the offspring was examined by amplified fragment length polymorphism and pairwise homoplasy index test, which is implemented in Splitstree4. The offspring displayed clear evidence of recombination on a genetic level as shown in the variations observed between banding patterns in the amplified fragment length polymorphism. Also a net-like and reticulated NeighborNet was observed and the pairwise homoplasy index test for recombination supported the presence of recombination (P = 0.003372). The distribution of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 genes in the progeny showed a close to 1:1 ratio. Talaromyces amestolkiae is only the second heterothallic Talaromyces species to produce ascomata and ascospores under laboratory conditions.
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- 2016
47. New Talaromyces species from indoor environments in China
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Chen, A.J., Sun, B.D., Houbraken, J., Frisvad, J.C., Yilmaz, N., Zhou, Y.G., Samson, R.A., Chen, A.J., Sun, B.D., Houbraken, J., Frisvad, J.C., Yilmaz, N., Zhou, Y.G., and Samson, R.A.
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Talaromyces contains both asexual and sexually reproducing species. This genus is divided in seven sections and currently has 105 accepted species. In this study we investigated the Talaromyces isolates that were obtained during a study of indoor air collected in Beijing, China. These indoor Talaromyces strains are resolved in four sections, seven of them are identified as T. islandicus, T. aurantiacus, T. siamensis and T. albobiverticillius according to BenA sequences, while 14 isolates have divergent sequences and are described here as nine new species. The new species are placed in four sections, namely sections Helici, Islandici, Talaromyces and Trachyspermi. They are described based on sequence data (ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2) in combination with phenotypic and extrolite characters. Morphological descriptions and notes for distinguishing similar species are provided for each new species. The recently described T. rubrifaciens is synonymised with T. albobiverticillius based on presented phylogenetic results.
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- 2016
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48. A taxonomic review of Penicillium species producing conidiophores with solitary phialides, classified in section Torulomyces
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Visagie, C.M., Houbraken, J., Dijksterhuis, J., Seifert, K.A., Jacobs, K., Samson, R.A., Visagie, C.M., Houbraken, J., Dijksterhuis, J., Seifert, K.A., Jacobs, K., and Samson, R.A.
- Abstract
The genus Torulomyces was characterised by species that typically have conidiophores consisting of solitary phialides that produce long chains of conidia connected by disjunctors. Based on the phylogenetic position of P. lagena (generic ex-neotype), the genus and its seven species were transferred to Penicillium and classified in sect. Torulomyces along with P. cryptum and P. lassenii. The aim of this study was to review the species currently classified in sect. Torulomyces using morphology and phylogenies of the ITS, BenA, CaM and RPB2 regions. Based on our results, we accept 16 species in sect. Torulomyces, including 12 new species described as P. aeris, P. austricola, P. cantabricum, P. catalonicum, P. oregonense, P. marthae-christenseniae, P. riverlandense, P. tubakianum, P. variratense, P. williamettense, P. wisconsinense and P. wollemiicola. In addition, we reclassify P. laeve and P. ovatum in sect. Exilicaulis and correct the typification of P. lagena. We provide descriptions and notes on the identification of the species.
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- 2016
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49. Taxonomic re-evaluation of species in Talaromyces section Islandici, using a polyphasic approach
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Yilmaz, N., Visagie, C.M., Frisvad, J.C., Houbraken, J., Jacobs, K., Samson, R.A., Yilmaz, N., Visagie, C.M., Frisvad, J.C., Houbraken, J., Jacobs, K., and Samson, R.A.
- Abstract
The taxonomy of Talaromyces rugulosus, T. wortmannii and closely related species, classified in Talaromyces sect. Islandici, is reviewed in this paper. The species of Talaromyces sect. Islandici have restricted growth on MEA and CYA, generally have yellow mycelia and produce rugulosin and/or skyrin. They are important in biotechnology (e.g. T. rugulosus, T. wortmannii) and in medicine (e.g. T. piceus, T. radicus). The taxonomy of sect. Islandici was resolved using a combination of morphological, extrolite and phylogenetic data, using the Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) concept, with special focus on the T. rugulosus and T. wortmannii species complexes. In this paper, we synonymise T. variabilis, Penicillium concavorugulosum and T. sublevisporus with T. wortmannii, and introduce four new species as T. acaricola, T. crassus, T. infraolivaceus and T. subaurantiacus. Finally, we provide a synoptic table for the identification of the 19 species classified in the section.
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- 2016
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50. Aureobasidium melanogenum: a native of dark biofinishes on oil treated wood
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van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Meijer, M., Adan, O.C.G., Samson, R.A., van Nieuwenhuijzen, E.J., Houbraken, J.A.M.P., Meijer, M., Adan, O.C.G., and Samson, R.A.
- Abstract
The genus Aureobasidium, which is known as a wood staining mould, has been detected on oil treated woods in the specific stain formation called biofinish. This biofinish is used to develop a new protective, self-healing and decorative biotreatment for wood. In order to understand and control biofinish formation on oil treated wood, the occurrence of different Aureobasidium species on various wood surfaces was studied. Phenotypic variability within Aureobasidium strains presented limitations of morphological identification of Aureobasidium species. PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing of ITS and RPB2 were used to identify the culturable Aureobasidium species composition in mould stained wood surfaces with and without a biofinish. The analysed isolates showed that several Aureobasidium species were present and that Aureobasidium melanogenum was predominantly detected, regardless of the presence of a biofinish and the type of substrate. A.melanogenum was detected on wood samples exposed in the Netherlands, Cameroon, South Africa, Australia and Norway. ITS-specific PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of DNA extracted from biofinish samples confirmed results of the culturing based method: A. melanogenum is predominant within the Aureobasidium population of biofinishes on pine sapwood treated with raw linseed oil and the outdoor placement in the Netherlands.
- Published
- 2016
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