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2. Update on the global burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in 1990-2013: The GBD 2013 study.

Author

Hamadeh R.R., Harewood H., Springer K., Da Costa Leite I., Lindsay M.P., Riccio P.M., Li B., Jiang G., Ma J., Zhou M., Zhu S., Liang X., Zhang Y., Alcala-Cerra G., Temesgen A., Sahle B.W., Prabhakaran D., Gupta R., Rajagopalan V., Warouw T.S., O'Donnell M.J., Ricci S., Asad M.M., Bwire V.K., Jee S.H., Khang Y.-H., Myint C.Y., Norheim O., Khalifa S.E., De Dieu Ngirabega J., Nyemazi J.P., Muhimpundu M.A., Saeedi M., Bedi N., Havmoeller R., Atwine L., O'Callaghan F., Critchley J.A., Ezzati M., Rothwell P.M., Whiteley W., Chen Z., Colomar M., Durrani A.M., Dayama A., Amlie-Lefond C., Huang C., Sumeet C., Cundiff D.K., Qato D., Kabagambe E.K., Ding E., Bukhman G., Kwan G., Thurston G., Coresh J., Lefondulq K., Corriere M.A., Mainoo N., Schwartz S.M., Fung T., Byers T.E., Rocca W.A., Lo W., Feigin V.L., Krishnamurthi R.V., Parmar P., Norrving B., Mensah G.A., Bennett D.A., Barker-Collo S., Moran A.E., Sacco R.L., Truelsen T., Davis S., Pandian J.D., Naghavi M., Forouzanfar M.H., Nguyen G., Johnson C.O., Vos T., Meretoja A., Murray C.J.L., Roth G.A., Abd-Allah F., Abera S.F., Akinyemi R.O., Salman R.A.-S., Anderson C.S., Bahit M.C., Banerjee A., Basu S., Beauchamp N.J., Bornstein N.M., Brainin M., Cabral N.L., Campos-Nonato I., Caso V., Catala-Lopez F., Chowdhury R., Christensen H.K., Connor M.D., DeVeber G., Dharmaratne S.D., Dokova K., Donnan G., Endres M., Fernandes J.G., Gankpe F., Geleijnse J.M., Gillium R.F., Giroud M., Hankey G.J., Jeemon P., Jonas J.B., Kazi D.S., Kengne A.P., Kim D., Kissela B.M., Kokubo Y., Kosen S., Kravchenko M., Lavados P.M., Liu M., Lotufo P.A., MacKay M.T., Malekzadeh R., Mehndiratta M.M., Melaku Y.A., Misganaw A., Nand D., Piradov M., Pourmalek F., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy N., Sahathevan R., Sampson U.K.A., Shamalov N., Sheth K.N., Shinohara Y., Shiue I., Soljak M., Sposato L.A., Stroumpoulis K., Tanne D., Thrift A.G., Tirschwell D.L., Varakin Y., Venketasubramanian N., Vlassov V.V., Wang W., Westerman R., Wolfe C., Yu C., Yunjin K., Stavreski B., Pearse E., Ademi Z., Guliyev T., Hamadeh R.R., Harewood H., Springer K., Da Costa Leite I., Lindsay M.P., Riccio P.M., Li B., Jiang G., Ma J., Zhou M., Zhu S., Liang X., Zhang Y., Alcala-Cerra G., Temesgen A., Sahle B.W., Prabhakaran D., Gupta R., Rajagopalan V., Warouw T.S., O'Donnell M.J., Ricci S., Asad M.M., Bwire V.K., Jee S.H., Khang Y.-H., Myint C.Y., Norheim O., Khalifa S.E., De Dieu Ngirabega J., Nyemazi J.P., Muhimpundu M.A., Saeedi M., Bedi N., Havmoeller R., Atwine L., O'Callaghan F., Critchley J.A., Ezzati M., Rothwell P.M., Whiteley W., Chen Z., Colomar M., Durrani A.M., Dayama A., Amlie-Lefond C., Huang C., Sumeet C., Cundiff D.K., Qato D., Kabagambe E.K., Ding E., Bukhman G., Kwan G., Thurston G., Coresh J., Lefondulq K., Corriere M.A., Mainoo N., Schwartz S.M., Fung T., Byers T.E., Rocca W.A., Lo W., Feigin V.L., Krishnamurthi R.V., Parmar P., Norrving B., Mensah G.A., Bennett D.A., Barker-Collo S., Moran A.E., Sacco R.L., Truelsen T., Davis S., Pandian J.D., Naghavi M., Forouzanfar M.H., Nguyen G., Johnson C.O., Vos T., Meretoja A., Murray C.J.L., Roth G.A., Abd-Allah F., Abera S.F., Akinyemi R.O., Salman R.A.-S., Anderson C.S., Bahit M.C., Banerjee A., Basu S., Beauchamp N.J., Bornstein N.M., Brainin M., Cabral N.L., Campos-Nonato I., Caso V., Catala-Lopez F., Chowdhury R., Christensen H.K., Connor M.D., DeVeber G., Dharmaratne S.D., Dokova K., Donnan G., Endres M., Fernandes J.G., Gankpe F., Geleijnse J.M., Gillium R.F., Giroud M., Hankey G.J., Jeemon P., Jonas J.B., Kazi D.S., Kengne A.P., Kim D., Kissela B.M., Kokubo Y., Kosen S., Kravchenko M., Lavados P.M., Liu M., Lotufo P.A., MacKay M.T., Malekzadeh R., Mehndiratta M.M., Melaku Y.A., Misganaw A., Nand D., Piradov M., Pourmalek F., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy N., Sahathevan R., Sampson U.K.A., Shamalov N., Sheth K.N., Shinohara Y., Shiue I., Soljak M., Sposato L.A., Stroumpoulis K., Tanne D., Thrift A.G., Tirschwell D.L., Varakin Y., Venketasubramanian N., Vlassov V.V., Wang W., Westerman R., Wolfe C., Yu C., Yunjin K., Stavreski B., Pearse E., Ademi Z., and Guliyev T.

Abstract

Background: Global stroke epidemiology is changing rapidly. Although age-standardized rates of stroke mortality have decreased worldwide in the past 2 decades, the absolute numbers of people who have a stroke every year, and live with the consequences of stroke or die from their stroke, are increasing. Regular updates on the current level of stroke burden are important for advancing our knowledge on stroke epidemiology and facilitate organization and planning of evidence-based stroke care. Objective(s): This study aims to estimate incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) and their trends for ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) for 188 countries from 1990 to 2013. Methodology: Stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, DALYs and YLDs were estimated using all available data on mortality and stroke incidence, prevalence and excess mortality. Statistical models and country-level covariate data were employed, and all rates were age-standardized to a global population. All estimates were produced with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Result(s): In 2013, there were globally almost 25.7 million stroke survivors (71% with IS), 6.5 million deaths from stroke (51% died from IS), 113 million DALYs due to stroke (58% due to IS) and 10.3 million new strokes (67% IS). Over the 1990-2013 period, there was a significant increase in the absolute number of DALYs due to IS, and of deaths from IS and HS, survivors and incident events for both IS and HS. The preponderance of the burden of stroke continued to reside in developing countries, comprising 75.2% of deaths from stroke and 81.0% of stroke-related DALYs. Globally, the proportional contribution of stroke-related DALYs and deaths due to stroke compared to all diseases increased from 1990 (3.54% (95% UI 3.11-4.00) and 9.66% (95% UI 8.47-10.70), respectively) to 2013 (4.62% (95% UI 4.01-5.30) and 11.75% (95% UI 10.45-13.31), respectively), but there was

Published
2015

3. Sex differences in stroke incidence, prevalence,mortality and disability-adjusted life years: Results from the global burden of disease study 2013.

Author

Patrice Lindsay M., Thrift A.G., Stroumpoulis K., Prabhakaran D., Gupta R., Rajagopalan V., Kosen S., Warouw T.S., O'Donnell M.J., Shinohara Y., Asad M.M., Bwire V.K., Jee S.H., Khang Y.-H., Sahathevan R., Campos-Nonato I., Gankpe F., Myint C.Y., Norheim O., Khalifa S.E., Kravchenko M., Piradov M., Shalamov N., Varakin Y., De Dieu Ngirabega J., Nyemazi J.P., Muhimpundu M.A., Saeedi M., Bedi N., Havmoeller R., Atwine L., O'Callaghan F., Critchley J.A., Ezzati M., Soljak M., Connor M.D., Rothwell P.M., Salman R.A.-S., Whiteley W., Chen Z., Durrani A.M., Dayama A., Moran A.E., Misganaw A., Amlie-Lefond C., Huang C., Sumeet C., Cundiff D.K., Kazi D.S., Qato D., Kabagambe E.K., Ding E., Bukhman G., Kwan G., Coresh J., Lefondulq K., Corriere M.A., Mainoo N., Beauchamp N.J., Schwartz S.M., Chugh S., Fung T., Byers T.E., Sampson U.K.A., Rocca W.A., Lo W., Barker-Collo S., Bennett D.A., Krishnamurthi R.V., Parmar P., Feigin V.L., Naghavi M., Forouzanfar M.H., Johnson C.O., Nguyen G., Mensah G.A., Vos T., Murray C.J.L., Roth G.A., Abd-Allah F., Abera S.F., Akinyemi R.O., Bahit M.C., Banerjee A., Basu S., Brainin M., Bornstein N.M., Caso V., Catala-Lopez F., Chowdhury R., Christensen H.K., Colomar M., Davis S., Deveber G., Dharmaratne S.D., Donnan G., Dorairaj P., Dokova K., Endres M., Fernandes J.G., Geleijnse J.M., Gillum R.F., Giroud M., Hamadeh R.R., Hankey G.J., Jeemon P., Jiang G., Jonas J.B., Kalkonde Y., Kengne A.P., Kim D., Kissela B.M., Kokubo Y., Lavados P.M., Lotufo P.A., Mackay M.T., Malekzadeh R., Mehndiratta M.M., Nand D., Norrving B., Pandian J.D., Perkins H., Pourmalek F., Ricci S., Riccio P.M., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy N., Sacco R.L., Sheth K.N., Shiue I., Sposato L.A., Tanne D., Thurston G.D., Tirschwell D.L., Venketasubramanian N., Vlassov V.V., Westerman R., Wolfe C., Yunjin K., Meretoja A., Stavreski B., Anderson C.S., Pearse E., Ademi Z., Guliyev T., Harewood H., Springer K., Da Costa Leite I., Cabral N.L., Li B., Yu C., Ma J., Zhou M., Liu M., Zhu S., Wang W., Liang X., Zhang Y., Alcala-Cerra G., Truelsen T., Temesgen A., Sahle B.W., Melaku Y.A., Patrice Lindsay M., Thrift A.G., Stroumpoulis K., Prabhakaran D., Gupta R., Rajagopalan V., Kosen S., Warouw T.S., O'Donnell M.J., Shinohara Y., Asad M.M., Bwire V.K., Jee S.H., Khang Y.-H., Sahathevan R., Campos-Nonato I., Gankpe F., Myint C.Y., Norheim O., Khalifa S.E., Kravchenko M., Piradov M., Shalamov N., Varakin Y., De Dieu Ngirabega J., Nyemazi J.P., Muhimpundu M.A., Saeedi M., Bedi N., Havmoeller R., Atwine L., O'Callaghan F., Critchley J.A., Ezzati M., Soljak M., Connor M.D., Rothwell P.M., Salman R.A.-S., Whiteley W., Chen Z., Durrani A.M., Dayama A., Moran A.E., Misganaw A., Amlie-Lefond C., Huang C., Sumeet C., Cundiff D.K., Kazi D.S., Qato D., Kabagambe E.K., Ding E., Bukhman G., Kwan G., Coresh J., Lefondulq K., Corriere M.A., Mainoo N., Beauchamp N.J., Schwartz S.M., Chugh S., Fung T., Byers T.E., Sampson U.K.A., Rocca W.A., Lo W., Barker-Collo S., Bennett D.A., Krishnamurthi R.V., Parmar P., Feigin V.L., Naghavi M., Forouzanfar M.H., Johnson C.O., Nguyen G., Mensah G.A., Vos T., Murray C.J.L., Roth G.A., Abd-Allah F., Abera S.F., Akinyemi R.O., Bahit M.C., Banerjee A., Basu S., Brainin M., Bornstein N.M., Caso V., Catala-Lopez F., Chowdhury R., Christensen H.K., Colomar M., Davis S., Deveber G., Dharmaratne S.D., Donnan G., Dorairaj P., Dokova K., Endres M., Fernandes J.G., Geleijnse J.M., Gillum R.F., Giroud M., Hamadeh R.R., Hankey G.J., Jeemon P., Jiang G., Jonas J.B., Kalkonde Y., Kengne A.P., Kim D., Kissela B.M., Kokubo Y., Lavados P.M., Lotufo P.A., Mackay M.T., Malekzadeh R., Mehndiratta M.M., Nand D., Norrving B., Pandian J.D., Perkins H., Pourmalek F., Ricci S., Riccio P.M., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy N., Sacco R.L., Sheth K.N., Shiue I., Sposato L.A., Tanne D., Thurston G.D., Tirschwell D.L., Venketasubramanian N., Vlassov V.V., Westerman R., Wolfe C., Yunjin K., Meretoja A., Stavreski B., Anderson C.S., Pearse E., Ademi Z., Guliyev T., Harewood H., Springer K., Da Costa Leite I., Cabral N.L., Li B., Yu C., Ma J., Zhou M., Liu M., Zhu S., Wang W., Liang X., Zhang Y., Alcala-Cerra G., Truelsen T., Temesgen A., Sahle B.W., and Melaku Y.A.

Abstract

Background: Accurate information on stroke burden in men and women are important for evidence-based healthcare planning and resource allocation. Previously, limited research suggested that the absolute number of deaths from stroke in women was greater than in men, but the incidence and mortality rates were greater in men. However, sex differences in various metrics of stroke burden on a global scale have not been a subject of comprehensive and comparable assessment for most regions of the world, nor have sex differences in stroke burden been examined for trends over time. Method(s): Stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and healthy years lost due to disability were estimated as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 Study. Data inputs included all available information on stroke incidence, prevalence and death and case fatality rates. Analysis was performed separately by sex and 5-year age categories for 188 countries. Statistical models were employed to produce globally comprehensive results over time. All rates were age-standardized to a global population and 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were computed. Finding(s): In 2013, global ischemic stroke (IS) and hemorrhagic stroke (HS) incidence (per 100,000) in men (IS 132.77 (95% UI 125.34-142.77); HS 64.89 (95% UI 59.82-68.85)) exceeded those of women (IS 98.85 (95% UI 92.11-106.62); HS 45.48 (95% UI 42.43-48.53)). IS incidence rates were lower in 2013 compared with 1990 rates for both sexes (1990 male IS incidence 147.40 (95% UI 137.87-157.66); 1990 female IS incidence 113.31 (95% UI 103.52-123.40)), but the only significant change in IS incidence was among women.Copyright © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Published
2015

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