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Ricardo Alexandre Stock, Carine Ströher, Rodrigo Rosa Sampaio, Rafael André Mergener, Elcio Luiz Bonamigo Medical School of the University of the West of Santa Catarina (Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina – UNOESC), Joaçaba, Santa Catarina, BrazilCorrespondence: Ricardo Alexandre Stock Belotto Stock Centro Oftalmológico, Rua Rio Branco, 589, Centro, CEP: 89, Joaçaba, SC, 600-000, BrazilTel + 55 49 35220788Fax + 55 49 35225059Email ricardostockreal@gmail.comObjective: To assess whether the non-contact air-puff tonometer (NCT) is an appropriate alternative to the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP).Patients and Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and comparative study with a quantitative approach was carried out. Two techniques for IOP measurements using the standard GAT and the NCT were compared. A total of 180 eyes from 90 patients were included in the study.Results: The total mean IOP according to NCT measurements was 14.12 mmHg, and the total mean IOP according to the GAT was 12.98 mmHg; these values were significantly different (p=0.0018). When dividing the participants into three groups according to the measurement range obtained and comparing the mean NCT and GAT measurements in each group, in Group 1 (10– 15 mmHg), no statistically significant difference was found between the means of the two tonometers (p=0.3100), a difference was observed between Group 2 (16– 19 mmHg) and Group 3 (20 mmHg or more) (p< 0.001). When dividing the participants by age group, the means obtained by the two tonometers also differed significantly between Group 4 (40– 59 years) and Group 5 (60 years or more) (p< 0.0001). In all groups, the mean measurements by the NCT were higher than those by the GAT.Conclusion: The NCT presented an approximate mean of the measures with the GAT in group 1 but was overestimated in the measurements of the groups 2 and 3.Keywords: ocular tonometry, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, intraocular pressure, efficiency

The Brazilian Urban Mobility Policy integrates urban transport with traffic planning, establishing appropriate public policies that indicate the need for a safe and accessible public transport system. The major challenge is the inclusion of the elderly and people with disabilities. In this paper, we quantify the impact of rainfall on the number of people with disabilities and elderly people who use the public bus transportation system for accessibility in the first and last miles in the city of São Paulo. The proposed methodology is used to evaluate the co-movements between the time series of free-fare users and rainfall in São Paulo. The findings confirm the hypothesis that significant rainfall causes a reduction in the number of daily free-fare passengers who use the public bus system in São Paulo.

Patients with diabetes mellitus are at high risk of developing atherosclerosis, associated with higher rates of micro and macro vascular involvement such as coronary artery disease and renal disease. The role of hyperglycemia to induce synthesis of reactive oxygen species by the oxidation of glucose, leading to an increased production of advanced glycosylation end products, as well as inflammation and oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction (ED). The interaction between C-peptide - the connecting segment of pro-insulin-and nitric oxide in vasodilation is also discussed. Therefore, endothelial dysfunction has been identified as an early marker of vascular disorder in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In some other diseases, ED has been considered an independent predictor of vascular disease, regardless of the method used. Studies have demonstrated the importance of endothelial dysfunction as an useful tool for identifying the risk of vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, particularly as regards to renal impairment. The aim of this review is to clarify the prognostic value of endothelial dysfunction as a marker of vascular disease in these subjects.

Background: Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease, has an inflammatory pattern and is associated with higher cardiometabolic risk. There are recent reports associating an elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) with a microscopic endothelial dysfunction. The objective is to evaluate if there is an association between serum levels of CRP and endothelial function in women with overweight/obesity, as well as the correlation between CRP and anthropometric variables., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed secondary data from patients treated in an institution of tertiary education, as part of the weight excess and cardiometabolic disease survey. The study included patients with overweight/obesity who had CRP and endothelial function tests already made and inserted into the survey database. The endothelial function was evaluated by: reactive hyperemia test (endothelium-dependent vasodilation). All tests were recorded and later analyzed by the same echocardiographer who performed the examination. Statistical analyses were realized in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 14. It was considered statistically significant a P value < 0.05., Results: This study included 47, nonsmoker women. with a BMI of 32.37 ± 5.06 kg/m(2), median of CRP of 2.59 mg/L and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of 8.75% ± 5.22%. There was no correlation between CRP and endothelial dysfunction in this population (rs = 0.08, P = 0.64). No correlation was observed between CRP and BMI. There were no differences of endothelial dysfunction variables and CRP in groups in use or not of medications (Hypolipidemic, antihypertensives and hypoglycemic agents)., Conclusion: There was no association between CRP and FMD and this can suggest that it is possible that the level of eNOS dysfunction associated with increased CRP is not enough to lead to macroscopic changes and harm vasodilation.