74 results on '"Samorì, C"'
Search Results
2. A biomass-derived polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer as safe and environmental-friendly skeleton in highly efficient gel electrolytes for lithium batteries
- Author
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Dall’Asta, V., Berbenni, V., Mustarelli, P., Ravelli, D., Samorì, C., and Quartarone, E.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
3. A biomass-derived polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer as safe and environmental-friendly skeleton in highly efficient gel electrolytes for lithium batteries
- Author
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Dall'Asta, V, Berbenni, V, Mustarelli, P, Ravelli, D, Samorì, C, Quartarone, E, Dall'Asta, V., Berbenni, V., Mustarelli, P., Ravelli, D., Samorì, C., Quartarone, E., Dall'Asta, V, Berbenni, V, Mustarelli, P, Ravelli, D, Samorì, C, Quartarone, E, Dall'Asta, V., Berbenni, V., Mustarelli, P., Ravelli, D., Samorì, C., and Quartarone, E. more...
- Abstract
The massive use of lithium batteries in industries, such as automotive and electrical network accumulation, requires the development of safer electrolytes, economic and possibly made from renewable resources using eco-friendly processes. In this work, we reported the synthesis and the physico-chemical and functional characterization of a polymer gel electrolyte (GPE) based on a skeleton of polyhydroxyalkanoate obtained from biomass by means of an easy and environmentally friendly chemical process. The GPE has an ionic conductivity of 0.8 mS cm−1 at room temperature, is thermally stable up to over 100 °C and is not flammable. The electrochemical stability window is higher than 5 V. The cell Li/GPE/LiFePO4 shows specific capacity of 100 mAhg−1 at 3C with 100% coulombic efficiency. These results demonstrate that the GPE based on polyhydroxyalkanoate is very promising for use in lithium batteries of high power density. more...
- Published
- 2017
4. A Biomass-Derived Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biopolymer as Safe and Environmental-Friendly Skeleton in Highly Efficient Gel Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
- Author
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Quartarone, E, Mustarelli, P, Ravelli, D, Samorì, C, Eliana Quartarone, Piercarlo Mustarelli, Davide Ravelli, Chiara Samorì, Quartarone, E, Mustarelli, P, Ravelli, D, Samorì, C, Eliana Quartarone, Piercarlo Mustarelli, Davide Ravelli, and Chiara Samorì more...
- Published
- 2019
5. Role of polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) in the chemical interactions within a microphytobenthic community (Conero Riviera, northern Adriatic Sea)
- Author
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Pezzolesi, L., Pichierri, S., Samorì, C., Totti, C., Vanucci, S., and Pistocchi, R.
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Adriatic Sea ,microphytobenthos ,chemical defence ,microphytobenthos, diatoms, chemical defence, Ostreopsis, Adriatic Sea ,Ostreopsis ,diatoms - Published
- 2018
6. Cleaning oil paintings: NMR relaxometry and SPME to evaluate the effects of green solvents and innovative green gels
- Author
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Prati, S., primary, Sciutto, G., additional, Volpi, F., additional, Rehorn, C., additional, Vurro, R., additional, Blümich, B., additional, Mazzocchetti, L., additional, Giorgini, L., additional, Samorì, C., additional, Galletti, P., additional, Tagliavini, E., additional, and Mazzeo, R., additional more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Sviluppo di nuovi protocolli green per l’estrazione di poliidrossialcanoati
- Author
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Samorì, C., Favaro, Lorenzo, Galletti, P., and Tagliavini, E.
- Published
- 2014
8. Influence of intra-skeletal coral lipids on calcium carbonate precipitation
- Author
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Reggi, M., primary, Fermani, S., additional, Samorì, C., additional, Gizzi, F., additional, Prada, F., additional, Dubinsky, Z., additional, Goffredo, S., additional, and Falini, G., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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9. Chemical Characterization of the Oil Obtained from Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) of Chlorella Fusca
- Author
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Torri, C., Fabbri, D., Samorì, C., Garcia-Alba, L., and Brilman, W.
- Subjects
Biomass - Abstract
Nowadays only little information (mainly by GCMS) about the chemical nature of HTL oils is available. In the present work different standard and improved analytical techniques were tested as additional tools for the chemical characterization of HTL oils: analytical pyrolysis (PyGCMS), TGA and a novel stepwise PySPMEGCMS were tested for the first time. By coupling these different techniques, we could establish the chemical nature of the fractions not amenable for standard oil analysis techniques (GCMS, silylation or transesterification). In the case of 200°C HTL the high molecular weight substances mainly consisted in algaenans derived materials, whereas a low amount of proteins (or protein containing macromolecules) ended up in the HTL oil. In the case of 300°C HTL oil, the mass fraction of the HTL products originated from nonlipidic material degradation as well as “protein” content of the oil were identified and the resulting high nitrogen content present in the 300°C HTL oil was explained., Proceedings of the 19th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 6-10 June 2011, Berlin, Germany, pp. 134-141 more...
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- 2011
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10. Evaluation of integrated production of hydrogen, fuels and bio-char from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
- Author
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Torri C., Samorì C., Adamiano A., Fabbri D., Faraloni C., and Torzillo G.
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- 2010
11. Bio evaluation of integrated production of hydrogen, fuels and bio-char from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
- Author
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Torri, C., Samorì, C., Adamiano, A., Fabbri, D., Faraloni, C., Torzillo, G., C.Torri, C.Samorì, A.Adamiano, D.Fabbri, C.Faraloni, and G.Torzillo
- Subjects
Biomass - Abstract
The exploitation of aquatic biomass for energetic purpose is a promising field of research. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a deeply investigated microalga able to convert sunlight into chemical energy by indirect photolysis under specific culture conditions, allowing the production of a hydrogen rich biogas and algal biomass as side-product. Besides the hydrogen production, a valorisation of “spent” side-products is a key point for the process optimization, for the maximization of process energetic yield and the reduction of photo-biogenic hydrogen prices. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential conversion of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exhaust biomass to bio-diesel, pyrolysis oil and nitrogen rich charcoal (bio-char). Microalgal fats were obtained through a standard extraction (15% wlipids/wbiomass yield). Then, the extraction residue, mainly characterised by proteins and cellulose, was pyrolysed at 350°C using a bench scale pyrolyser, in order to convert the raw biomass into bio-oil and bio-char. The major pyrolysis product resulted to be bio-char (45% mass yield), whereas a lower amount of pyrolysis oil (25% mass yield) was obtained. Bio-oil was mainly formed by cellulose pyrolysis products (55% w/wbio-oil mainly anhydrosugars, anhydro-oligomers and small polysaccharides). On the other hand the feedstock proteins played the most important role in bio-char formation., Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 May 2010, Lyon, France, pp. 455-458 more...
- Published
- 2010
12. A biomass-derived polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer as safe and environmental-friendly skeleton in highly efficient gel electrolytes for lithium batteries
- Author
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Valentina Dall'Asta, Vittorio Berbenni, Eliana Quartarone, Piercarlo Mustarelli, Chiara Samorì, Davide Ravelli, Dall'Asta, V., Berbenni, V., Mustarelli, P., Ravelli, D., Samorì, C., Quartarone, E., Dall'Asta, V, Berbenni, V, Mustarelli, P, Ravelli, D, Samorì, C, and Quartarone, E more...
- Subjects
lithium batterie ,Materials science ,General Chemical Engineering ,chemistry.chemical_element ,gel polymer electrolyte ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrolyte ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,biodegradability ,Organic chemistry ,Ionic conductivity ,Chemical Engineering (all) ,polyhydroxyalkanoate ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,sustainability ,Environmentally friendly ,0104 chemical sciences ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,engineering ,Batteries, gel electrolytes, sustainability ,Lithium ,Biopolymer ,0210 nano-technology ,Energy source ,Faraday efficiency - Abstract
The massive use of lithium batteries in industries, such as automotive and electrical network accumulation, requires the development of safer electrolytes, economic and possibly made from renewable resources using eco-friendly processes. In this work, we reported the synthesis and the physico-chemical and functional characterization of a polymer gel electrolyte (GPE) based on a skeleton of polyhydroxyalkanoate obtained from biomass by means of an easy and environmentally friendly chemical process. The GPE has an ionic conductivity of 0.8 mS cm−1 at room temperature, is thermally stable up to over 100 °C and is not flammable. The electrochemical stability window is higher than 5 V. The cell Li/GPE/LiFePO4 shows specific capacity of 100 mAhg−1 at 3C with 100% coulombic efficiency. These results demonstrate that the GPE based on polyhydroxyalkanoate is very promising for use in lithium batteries of high power density. more...
- Published
- 2017
13. A biomass-derived polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolymer as safe and environmental-friendly skeleton in highly efficient gel electrolytes for lithium batteries.
- Author
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Dall'Asta, V., Berbenni, V., Mustarelli, P., Ravelli, D., Quartarone, E., and Samorì, C.
- Subjects
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LITHIUM cells , *POLYELECTROLYTES , *POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES , *POLYMER colloids , *BIODEGRADABLE materials , *BATTERY industry , *STORAGE batteries , *SUSTAINABILITY , *INDUSTRY & the environment - Abstract
The massive use of lithium batteries in industries, such as automotive and electrical network accumulation, requires the development of safer electrolytes, economic and possibly made from renewable resources using eco-friendly processes. In this work, we reported the synthesis and the physico-chemical and functional characterization of a polymer gel electrolyte (GPE) based on a skeleton of polyhydroxyalkanoate obtained from biomass by means of an easy and environmentally friendly chemical process. The GPE has an ionic conductivity of 0.8 mS cm −1 at room temperature, is thermally stable up to over 100 °C and is not flammable. The electrochemical stability window is higher than 5 V. The cell Li/GPE/LiFePO 4 shows specific capacity of 100 mAhg −1 at 3C with 100% coulombic efficiency. These results demonstrate that the GPE based on polyhydroxyalkanoate is very promising for use in lithium batteries of high power density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Renewable Alkenes from the Hydrothermal Treatment of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Containing Sludge
- Author
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Chiara Samorì, Derk Willem Frederik Brilman, Alisar Kiwan, Tom Detert Oude Weme, Cristian Torri, Torri, C., Weme, T. D. O., Samorì, C., Kiwan, A., Brilman, D. W. F., and Sustainable Process Technology more...
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0106 biological sciences ,Acidogenesis ,Aerobic bacteria ,Biomass ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Alkenes ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Polyhydroxyalkanoates ,Bioreactors ,Nutrient ,propene ,010608 biotechnology ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Food science ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Sewage ,sewage sludge ,Chemistry ,polyhydroxyalkanoate ,hydrothermal liquefaction ,General Chemistry ,Fatty Acids, Volatile ,2023 OA procedure ,Sewage sludge treatment ,Fermentation ,Carbon - Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a key constituent of excess sludge produced by Aerobic Sewage Sludge Treatment plants. The accumulation of significant amount of PHA inside aerobic microbial cells occurs when a surplus of an easily degradable carbon source (e.g., volatile fatty acids, VFA) is found in combination with other nutrients limitation. Herein, hydrothermal treatment (HT) of PHA-containing sludge at 300 and 375 °C was demonstrated to be effective in converting most (>70% w/w) of the bacterial PHA stored inside microbial cells into alkene/CO2 gas mixtures. Simultaneously, most of non-PHA biomass was converted into water-soluble compounds (50% carbon yield) that were acidogenic fermented to produce volatile fatty acids, ideal substrate to feed aerobic bacteria and produce more PHA. According to results here presented, HT of excess sludge with moderate (13%) PHA content can produce about 50 kg of alkenes per tonne of suspended solids treated, with a significant reduction of sludge mass (80% reduction of wet sludge volume) and consequent disposal cost. more...
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- 2017
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15. A Biomass-Derived Polyhydroxyalkanoate Biopolymer as Safe and Environmental-Friendly Skeleton in Highly Efficient Gel Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
- Author
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Eliana Quartarone, Piercarlo Mustarelli, Davide Ravelli, Chiara Samorì, Quartarone, E, Mustarelli, P, Ravelli, D, and Samorì, C
- Subjects
lithium batteries, electrolyte, biorefinery, PHA - Published
- 2019
16. Influence of intra-skeletal coral lipids on calcium carbonate precipitation
- Author
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Z. Dubinsky, Michela Reggi, Fiorella Prada, Stefano Goffredo, Francesca Gizzi, Simona Fermani, Chiara Samorì, Giuseppe Falini, Reggi, M., Fermani, S., Samorì, C., Gizzi, F., Prada, F., Dubinsky, Z., Goffredo, S., and Falini, G more...
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Coral ,Mineralogy ,02 engineering and technology ,03 medical and health sciences ,General Materials Science ,Organic matrix ,14. Life underwater ,Calcium carbonate precipitation ,Chemistry ,Chemistry (all) ,fungi ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,General Chemistry ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,030104 developmental biology ,Environmental chemistry ,Research studies ,population characteristics ,Materials Science (all) ,0210 nano-technology ,geographic locations ,Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation ,Biomineralization - Abstract
Recent research studies have shown that the intra-skeletal organic matrix of corals contains lipids. This communication reports their characterization and their influence on calcium carbonate precipitation. In addition, their potential role in coral's biomineralization is discussed. more...
- Published
- 2016
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17. Flocculation induced by homogeneous and heterogeneous acid treatments in Desmodesmus communis
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Rossella Pistocchi, Chiara Samorì, Laura Pezzolesi, Pezzolesi, L., Samorì, C., and Pistocchi, R
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Flocculation ,biology ,Chemistry ,Biomass ,Solid acid ,biology.organism_classification ,Photosynthetic capacity ,PH decrease ,Flocculation Microalgae Harvesting pH Medium recycle ,Chemical engineering ,Homogeneous ,Botany ,Desmodesmus communis ,Scenedesmaceae ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Flocculation induced by pH decrease is here presented as a solution to pre-concentrate algal cultures of species belonging to Scenedesmaceae and preserve the integrity of the biomass, while maintaining the photosynthetic capacity of non-harvested cells. The low-pH flocculation method gives highly effective results exclusively by the strength of the acid (hydrochloric or formic) used for the treatment, and is applicable to cultures having high cell densities (> 2 g L− 1). High flocculation efficiencies (> 90%) are obtained also by using heterogeneous acids, such as solid acid carbons from naturally available compounds, which are proposed as cheap recyclable materials to be exploited for this purpose. Additionally, the potential reuse of the filtered medium (sterilized or not) and of the supernatant (containing non-harvested cells) is investigated to avoid great water losses and to re-inoculate new cultures. more...
- Published
- 2015
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18. First report of polyunsaturated aldehydes production by three benthic diatoms
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Pichierri, S, Totti, C., PEZZOLESI, LAURA, SAMORI', CHIARA, PISTOCCHI, ROSSELLA, Pistocchi R, Guerrini F, Pichierri, S, Pezzolesi, L., Samorì, C., Totti, C., and Pistocchi, R.
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Benthic diatoms, polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUA), secondary metabolites, production - Published
- 2016
19. Desmodesmus communis for bioremediation of herbicide contaminated drinkable waters
- Author
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PEZZOLESI, LAURA, GALLETTI, PAOLA, SAMORI', CHIARA, TAGLIAVINI, EMILIO, Blair Vasquez P., Pezzolesi L., Blair Vasquez P., Galletti P., Samorì C., and Tagliavini E.
- Subjects
Bioremediation, Desmodesmus, uracil-herbicide, bromacil, algal growth - Published
- 2016
20. Effects of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids on Growth, Photosynthetic Efficiency, and Cellular Components of the Diatoms Skeletonema marinoi and Phaeodactylum tricornutum
- Author
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Rocco Mazzeo, Giorgia Sciutto, Paola Galletti, Silvia Prati, Franca Guerrini, Emilio Tagliavini, Chiara Samorì, Laura Pezzolesi, Rossella Pistocchi, Samorì C, Sciutto G, Pezzolesi L, Galletti P, Guerrini F, Mazzeo R, Pistocchi R, Prati S, and Tagliavini E more...
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CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE ,Algal cells ,Salinity ,Ionic Liquids ,Photosynthetic efficiency ,Toxicology ,Photochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Skeletonema marinoi ,PHYTOPLANKTON ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Side chain ,Phaeodactylum tricornutum ,Photosynthesis ,Alkyl ,Diatoms ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Imidazoles ,General Medicine ,Silicon Dioxide ,biology.organism_classification ,FT-IR ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Ionic liquid ,Water Pollutants, Chemical - Abstract
This article describes the toxic effects of imidazolium ionic liquids bearing alkyl (BMIM), monoethoxy (MOEMIM), and diethoxy (M(OE)(2)MIM) side chains toward two marine diatoms, Skeletonema marinoi and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. MOEMIM and M(OE)(2)MIM cations showed a lower inhibition of growth and photosynthetic efficiency with respect to their alkyl counter part, with both algal Species. However, a large difference in sensitivity was found between S. marinoi and P. tricornutum, the first being much more Sensitive to the action of ionic liquids than the second one. The effects of salinity on BMIM Cl toxicity toward S. marinoi revealed that a decrease from salinity 35 to salinity 15 does not influence the biological effects toward the alga. Finally, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy of alga cells after ionic liquids exposure allowed us to detect an alteration of the organic cellular components related. to silica uptake and organization. On the basis of these results, the different behavior of the two diatom species can be tentatively ascribed to different silica uptake and organization in outer cell walls more...
- Published
- 2011
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21. Customizing Properties of β-Chitin in Squid Pen (Gladius) by Chemical Treatments
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Matteo Calvaresi, Matteo Di Giosia, Giuseppe Falini, Graziella Pellegrini, Marianna Barbalinardo, Francesco Zerbetto, Francesco Valle, Fabio Biscarini, Simona Fermani, Alessandro Ianiro, Chiara Samorì, Ianiro A, Di Giosia M, Fermani S, Samorì C, Barbalinardo M, Valle F, Pellegrini G, Biscarini F, Zerbetto F, Calvaresi M, and Falini G more...
- Subjects
deacetylation ,Intercalation (chemistry) ,Pharmaceutical Science ,wettability ,Chitin ,02 engineering and technology ,mechanical properties ,01 natural sciences ,squid pen ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,X-Ray Diffraction ,Drug Discovery ,Nanotechnology ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Squid ,Microscopy ,?-chitin ,biology ,Decapodiformes ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Wetting ,Swelling ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,Materials science ,porosity ,gladiu ,macromolecular substances ,010402 general chemistry ,Article ,biology.animal ,β-chitin ,hierarchical structure ,medicine ,Molecule ,Animals ,14. Life underwater ,Gladius ,Porosity ,Spectrum Analysis ,fungi ,Water ,0104 chemical sciences ,carbohydrates (lipids) ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,lcsh:Biology (General) - Abstract
The squid pen (gladius) from the Loligo vulgaris was used for preparation of β-chitin materials characterized by different chemical, micro- and nano-structural properties that preserved, almost completely the macrostructural and the mechanical ones. The β-chitin materials obtained by alkaline treatment showed porosity, wettability and swelling that are a function of the duration of the treatment. Microscopic, spectroscopic and synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques showed that the chemical environment of the N-acetyl groups of the β-chitin chains changes after the thermal alkaline treatment. As a consequence, the crystalline packing of the β-chitin is modified, due to the intercalation of water molecules between β-chitin sheets. Potential applications of these β-chitin materials range from the nanotechnology to the regenerative medicine. The use of gladii, which are waste products of the fishing industry, has also important environmental implications. more...
- Published
- 2014
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22. Alternative Methods for the Extraction of Hydrocarbons from Botryococcus braunii
- Author
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Cristian Torri, Chiara Samorì, Samorì, C., and Torri, C.
- Subjects
Octanol ,biology ,green chemistry ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Fraction (chemistry) ,pyrolysis ,biology.organism_classification ,Solvent ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Biochar ,Microalgae ,Botryococcus braunii ,Organic chemistry ,switch polarity solvent ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
Lipid extraction is a critical step in the development of biofuels from microalgae. The use of toxic and polluting organic solvents should be reduced and the sustainability of the extraction procedures improved in order to develop an industrial extraction procedure. This could be done by reducing solvent amounts, avoiding use of harmful solvents, or eliminating the solvent at all. Here we describe two new processes to extract hydrocarbons from dried and water-suspended samples of the microalga Botryococcus braunii. The first one is a solvent-based procedure with switchable polarity solvents (SPS), a special class of green solvents easily convertible from a non-ionic form, with a high affinity towards non-polar compounds as B. braunii hydrocarbons, into an ionic salt after the addition of CO2, useful to recover hydrocarbons. The two SPS chosen for the study, based on equimolar mixtures of 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene (DBU) and an alcohol (DBU/octanol and DBU/ethanol), were tested for the extraction efficiency of lipids from freeze-dried B. braunii samples and compared with volatile organic solvents extraction. The DBU/octanol system was further evaluated for the extraction of hydrocarbons directly from algal culture samples. DBU/octanol exhibited the highest yields of extracted hydrocarbons from both freeze-dried and liquid algal samples (16 and 8.2%, respectively, against 7.8 and 5.6% with traditional organic solvents). The second procedure here proposed is the thermochemical conversion of algal biomass by using pyrolysis; this process allowed to obtain three valuable fractions, exploitable for energy purpose, fuel production, and soil carbon storage: a volatile fraction (37% on dry biomass weight), a solid fraction called biochar (38%) and, above all, a liquid fraction named bio-oil (25%), almost entirely composed by hydrocarbon-like material, thus directly usable as fuel. more...
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- 2012
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23. Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessments of cellulose dissolution with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide
- Author
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Paola Galletti, Chiara Samorì, A. Morfino, Alessandro Tugnoli, Serena Righi, Carlo Stramigioli, Righi S., Morfino A., Galletti P., Samorì C., Tugnoli A., and Stramigioli C.
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IONIC LIQUID ,LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ,Chemistry ,1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE ,Pollution ,Chloride ,Environmentally friendly ,Cellulose fiber ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Morpholine ,Environmental chemistry ,Ionic liquid ,medicine ,LYOCELL PROCESS ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,Cellulose ,CELLULOSE DISSOLUTION ,Dissolution ,Life-cycle assessment ,medicine.drug - Abstract
In this paper the expected environmental impacts of the industrial cellulose dissolution with the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Bmim Cl) were analyzed through a “cradle to gate” Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In order to weigh up the “greenness” of the process, the analysis was performed through a comparison with the well established environmental friendly N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMO)/H2O process. Although dissolution of cellulose in Bmim Cl has not been used for industrial production of cellulose fibers to date, results from LCA suggest that it could be interesting from an environmental point of view since its impacts are similar to those of the NMMO/H2O process. Specifically, the process with Bmim Cl generates a higher environmental load on abiotic resource depletion, emissions of volatile organic compounds and ecotoxicity than the NMMO/H2O process. Conversely it has some environmental advantages with regards to human toxicity. In both cellulose dissolution processes, the major contributions to the environmental impacts come from precursor syntheses. In addition to the comparative analysis of the two cellulose dissolution processes, the paper reports the complete life cycle inventory (LCI) of the two solvents, Bmim Cl and NMMO, and their life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). more...
- Published
- 2011
24. Chemoselective allylation of ketones in ionic liquids containing sulfonate anions
- Author
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Emilio Tagliavini, Chiara Samorì, Paola Galletti, Fabio Moretti, Galletti P., Moretti F., Samorì C., and Tagliavini E.
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Green chemistry ,Anions ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Ionic Liquids ,ALLYLATION ,Sulfonic acid ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Organometallic Compounds ,CHEMOSELECTIVITY ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,General Materials Science ,Chemoselectivity ,Alkyl ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Mesylates ,Aryl ,Temperature ,food and beverages ,Green Chemistry Technology ,Ketones ,NMR SPECTROSCOPY ,Allyl Compounds ,General Energy ,Sulfonate ,chemistry ,Tin ,Ionic liquid ,Solvents ,Sulfonic Acids ,Selectivity - Abstract
The chemoselective addition of tetraallyltin to dialkyl, alkenyl– alkyl, and alkynyl–alkyl ketones can be performed with high yields in N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium trifuoromethansulfonate (MBP-Tf). Other room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) can also be successfully employed if some sulfonic acid is added. The reaction is very sensitive to the electronic properties of the substrate. Aryl alkyl ketones bearing electron-withdrawing substituents behave like dialkyl ketones and react promptly; on the contrary, electron-rich aryl alkyl ketones react sluggishly, which allows selective competitive allylation of dialkyl substrates to occur. The ionic liquid solvent can be easily recycled, which meets the green chemistry principles of selectivity and reuse of chemicals. NMR spectroscopic data support the formation of tin-triflate catalysts in situ. more...
- Published
- 2009
25. Additives in bioplastics: Chemical characterization, migration in water and effects on photosynthetic organisms.
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Crema A, Dinelli E, Fabbri E, Galletti P, Greggio N, Lastella V, Parodi A, Pasteris A, Pedrizzi M, and Samorì C
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- Photosynthesis drug effects, Plastics, Polymers, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Biodegradable Plastics, Polyesters chemistry
- Abstract
The potential release in the environment and biological effects of chemicals like additives and non-intentionally added substances present in conventional plastics and bioplastics is an issue that could occur if these materials are not properly disposed of. Herein, seven leachates of biobased and biodegradable plastics made of polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS)/PLA blends, and starch-based blends (SB) were characterized and compared for the inorganic and organic additives present in the source materials. The main inorganic elements found in the leachates were Na, Mg, K, and Ca (0.1-100 mg L
-1 ), corresponding to the main elements present in the bioplastics. Also trace elements such as Ba, Zn, Sr, B, Fe, Ti, Al, Mn, Cu, and Sn occurred in leachates with concentrations between 1 and 1000 μg L-1 . In contrast, most of the organic additives found in the bioplastics did not migrate in water and the few organic compounds detected and identified were not of concern. The lowest tested concentration of PBS/PLA- and SB-leachates (0.5 % of the corresponding initial leachate) induced a significant algal growth inhibition (corresponding to bioplastic concentrations in water of 0.4 g L-1 ). Conversely, PLA-based materials were less toxic (LOEC corresponding to 10 % of the leachates or >75 %). No effect on seed germination nor the development of roots and shoots of cress was observed for any leachate prepared from PLA and PBS/PLA materials. Leachates prepared from SB bags inhibited the growth of roots and shoots at the concentrations of 25 and 50 %, while they induced hormesis at 10 % concentration promoting a growth higher than the control., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Chiara Samori reports financial support was provided by European Union Next-Generation EU National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2024
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26. Carbon dot/polylactic acid nanofibrous membranes for solar-mediated oil absorption/separation: Performance, environmental sustainability, ecotoxicity and reusability.
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Torsello M, Ben-Zichri S, Pesenti L, Kunnath SM, Samorì C, Pasteris A, Bacchelli G, Prishkolnik N, Ben-Nun U, Righi S, Focarete ML, Kolusheva S, Jelinek R, Gualandi C, and Galletti P
- Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are promising photothermal nanoparticles that can be utilized in environmental treatments. They exhibit favorable physicochemical properties, including low toxicity, physical and chemical stability, photo-dependant reversible behaviour, and environmentally friendly synthesis using benign building blocks. Here, we synthesized innovative CDs/polylactic acid (PLA) electrospun composite membranes for evaluating the removal of hydrophobic compounds like long-chain hydrocarbons or oils in biphasic mixtures with water. The ultimate goal was to develop innovative and sustainable solar-heated oil absorbents. Specifically, we fabricated PLA membranes with varying CD contents, characterized their morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties, and assessed the environmental impact of membrane production according to ISO 14040 and 14044 standards in a preliminary "cradle-to-gate" life cycle assessment study. Solar radiation experiments demonstrated that the CDs/PLA composites exhibited greater uptake of hydrophobic compounds compared to pure PLA membranes, ascribable to the CDs-induced photothermal effect. The adsorption and regeneration capacity of the new CDs/PLA membrane was demonstrated through multiple uptake/release cycles. Ecotoxicity analyses confirmed the safety profile of the new adsorbent system towards freshwater microalgae, further emphasizing its potential as an environmentally friendly solution for the removal of hydrophobic compounds in water treatment processes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.) more...
- Published
- 2024
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27. Natural Astaxanthin Is a Green Antioxidant Able to Counteract Lipid Peroxidation and Ferroptotic Cell Death.
- Author
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Rizzardi N, Pezzolesi L, Samorì C, Senese F, Zalambani C, Pitacco W, Calonghi N, Bergamini C, Prata C, and Fato R
- Subjects
- Humans, Lipid Peroxidation, Cell Death, Antioxidants pharmacology, Xanthophylls pharmacology
- Abstract
Astaxanthin is a red orange xanthophyll carotenoid produced mainly by microalgae but which can also be chemically synthesized. As demonstrated by several studies, this lipophilic molecule is endowed with potent antioxidant properties and is able to modulate biological functions. Unlike synthetic astaxanthin, natural astaxanthin (NAst) is considered safe for human nutrition, and its production is considered eco-friendly. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthin depends on its bioavailability, which, in turn, is related to its hydrophobicity. In this study, we analyzed the water-solubility of NAst and assessed its protective effect against oxidative stress by means of different approaches using a neuroblastoma cell model. Moreover, due to its highly lipophilic nature, astaxanthin is particularly protective against lipid peroxidation; therefore, the role of NAst in counteracting ferroptosis was investigated. This recently discovered process of programmed cell death is indeed characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and seems to be linked to the onset and development of oxidative-stress-related diseases. The promising results of this study, together with the "green sources" from which astaxanthin could derive, suggest a potential role for NAst in the prevention and co-treatment of chronic degenerative diseases by means of a sustainable approach. more...
- Published
- 2022
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28. Extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents based on oleic acid.
- Author
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Pitacco W, Samorì C, Pezzolesi L, Gori V, Grillo A, Tiecco M, Vagnoni M, and Galletti P
- Subjects
- Oleic Acid, Xanthophylls, Chlorophyceae, Deep Eutectic Solvents
- Abstract
Three novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on oleic acid and terpenes (thymol, dl-menthol, and geraniol) were prepared, characterized, and used to extract astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis without any pre-treatment of the cells. The three DES were composed of Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) and edible ingredients. All the tested DESs gave astaxanthin recovery values of about 60 and 30% in 6 h if applied on freeze-dried biomass or directly on algae culture, respectively. The carotenoid profile was qualitatively identical to what was obtained by using traditional organic solvents, regardless of the DES used; the monoesters of astaxanthin with C18-fatty acids were the main compounds found in all the carotenoid extracts. The thymol:oleic acid DES (TAO) could preserve astaxanthin content after prolonged oxidative stress (40% of the astaxanthin initially extracted was still present after 13.5 h of light exposure), thanks to the superior antioxidant properties of thymol. The capacity of improving astaxanthin stability combined with the intrinsic safety and edibility of the DES components makes the formulation astaxanthin-TAO appealing for the food ingredients/additives industry., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2022
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29. Allelopathic interactions between phytobenthos and meiofaunal community in an Adriatic benthic ecosystem: Understanding the role of aldehydes and macroalgal structural complexity.
- Author
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Lenzo D, Pezzolesi L, Samorì C, Rindi F, Pasteris A, Pistocchi R, and Colangelo MA
- Subjects
- Aldehydes, Ecosystem
- Abstract
Macroalgae produce several allelopathic substances, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), which may inhibit photosynthesis and growth rates of other algal species, and grazing. Additionally, macroalgal structural complexity is an important factor in determining abundance patterns and size structure of epiphytic organisms. In this study the PUAs production of two Mediterranean macroalgae, Dictyopteris polypodioides, (DP, Phaeophyceae, Dictyotales) and Cystoseira compressa (CC, Phaeophyceae, Fucales), was characterized to clarify the relationships between the meiobenthic and microphytobenthic communities. Results showed a higher PUAs production and a diverse qualitative profile for DP, which reported long-chain compounds (i.e. C14-C16) as main aldehydes, than CC, with the short-chain C6:2 as the main compound, as well as variability among sampling times. A clear separation of the meiofauna and microphytobenthos assemblages was found for the macroalgae, but with different temporal trends. Dissimilarities were due to five microalgal orders, namely Naviculales, Lyrellales, Gonyaulacales (i.e. Ostreopsis), Bacillariales, and Licmophorales, and to the meiofaunal groups nematodes, copepods, and copepod nauplii, which were more abundant on DP than on CC. Results indicate that macroalgal complexity is a major determinant of the meiofaunal community structure (accounting for 26% of the variation), rather than PUAs production itself (17%). PUAs effects seem species-specific, thus affecting some grazers instead of the entire community. Conversely, microphytobenthos affected the meiofauna assemblages, particularly harpacticoids, confirming the role of these organisms as the primary food source of all marine food chain producers. Since PUAs are produced also by several epiphytic diatoms, the understanding of their effects on the community structure and on the relationships among taxa in the field is complicated and requires further in-depth investigations in simplified systems (i.e. microcosms)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2022
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30. Production of polyhydroxybutyrate by the cyanobacterium cf. Anabaena sp.
- Author
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Simonazzi M, Pezzolesi L, Galletti P, Gualandi C, Pistocchi R, De Marco N, Paganelli Z, and Samorì C
- Subjects
- Anabaena growth & development, Biomass, Phosphorus metabolism, Anabaena metabolism, Hydroxybutyrates metabolism, Industrial Microbiology methods, Polyesters metabolism
- Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by the cyanobacterium cf. Anabaena sp. was here studied by varying the medium composition and the carbon source used to induce mixotrophic growth conditions. The highest PHB productivity (0.06 g
PHB gbiomass -1 d-1 ) was observed when cultivating cf. Anabaena sp. in phosphorus-free medium and in the presence of sodium acetate (5.0 g L-1 concentration), after an incubation period of 7 days. A content of 40% of PHB on biomass, a dry weight of 0.1 g L-1 , and a photosynthetic efficiency equal to the control were obtained. The cyanobacterium was then grown on a larger scale (10 L) to evaluate the characteristics of the produced PHB in relation to the main composition of the biomass (the content of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids): after an incubation period of 7 days, a content of 6% of lipids (52% of which as unsaturated fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms), 12% of polysaccharides, 28% of proteins, and 46% of PHB was reached. The extracted PHB had a molecular weight of 3 MDa and a PDI of 1.7. These promising results demonstrated that cf. Anabaena sp. can be included among the Cyanobacteria species able to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) either in photoautotrophic or mixotrophic conditions, especially when it is grown under phosphorus-free conditions., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2021
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31. The skeleton of Balanophyllia coral species suggests adaptive traits linked to the onset of mixotrophy.
- Author
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Palazzo Q, Prada F, Steffens T, Fermani S, Samorì C, Bernardi G, Terrón-Sigler A, Sparla F, Falini G, and Goffredo S
- Subjects
- Animals, Calcification, Physiologic, Coral Reefs, Phenotype, Skeleton, Symbiosis, Anthozoa
- Abstract
The diversity in the skeletal features of coral species is an outcome of their evolution, distribution and habitat. Here, we explored, from macro- to nano-scale, the skeletal structural and compositional characteristics of three coral species belonging to the genus Balanophyllia having different trophic strategies. The goal is to address whether the onset of mixotrophy influenced the skeletal features of B. elegans, B. regia, and B. europaea. The macroscale data suggest that the presence of symbiotic algae in B. europaea can lead to a surplus of energy input that increases its growth rate and skeletal bulk density, leading to larger and denser corals compared to the azooxanthellate ones, B. regia and B. elegans. The symbiosis would also explain the higher intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) content, which is constituted by macromolecules promoting the calcification, in B. europaea compared to the azooxanthellate species. The characterization of the soluble OM also revealed differences between B. europaea and the azooxanthellate species, which may be linked to diverse macromolecular machineries responsible for skeletal biosynthesis and final morphology. Differently, the crystallographic features were homogenous among species, suggesting that the basic building blocks of skeletons remained a conserved trait in these related species, regardless of the trophic strategy. These results show changes in skeletal phenotype that could be triggered by the onset of mixotrophy, as a consequence of the symbiotic association, displaying remarkable plasticity of coral skeletons which repeatedly allowed this coral group to adapt to a range of changing environments throughout its geological history., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2021
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32. Survey of the allelopathic potential of Mediterranean macroalgae: production of long-chain polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs).
- Author
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Pezzolesi L, Accoroni S, Rindi F, Samorì C, Totti C, and Pistocchi R
- Subjects
- Aldehydes, Allelopathy, Ecosystem, Phytoplankton, Diatoms, Seaweed
- Abstract
Chemical interactions between macroalgae and other organisms play an important role in determining species compositions and dominance patterns, and can explain the widespread success of some species in establishing their predominant populations in a specific coastal area. Allelopathy could act as a self-regulatory strategy of the algal community, being not only a succession regulator but also an active mechanism maintaining the species diversity especially in a delimited environment, such as the benthic ecosystem. Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are among the most studied allelopathic compounds and are commonly released into the aquatic environment by different phytoplankton species in response to environmental stressors (e.g. wounding, grazing, or competition for nutrients). Diatom-released PUAs were observed to affect phytoplankton community dynamics and structure, and showed inhibitory effects on the reproduction and development of marine invertebrates. As for macroalgae, there are only a few reports that attest to the production of PUAs, and mostly refer to Ulva spp. In this study, the production of PUAs by several Mediterranean macroalgae was investigated at different sampling times, aiming at providing the first evidence of potential allelochemical activity. Results highlighted the potential production by macroalgae of a variety of aldehydes, among which some have never reported so far. Some species (i.e. D. polypodioides and U. cf. rigida) were found to produce higher PUAs amounts than others, and even a wider variety of structures (e.g. length of the carbon chain); these species might exert strong effects on epiphytic species or other organisms of the benthic community, especially considering the differential sensitivities of the various taxa. A high dPUA concentration (order of μM) potentially due to the release of PUAs by algal species was found, and might affect the population dynamics of the epiphytic organisms (e.g. microalgae, meiofauna), of grazers, as well as of the microbial community., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2021
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33. Grape Pomace for Topical Application: Green NaDES Sustainable Extraction, Skin Permeation Studies, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities Characterization in 3D Human Keratinocytes.
- Author
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Punzo A, Porru E, Silla A, Simoni P, Galletti P, Roda A, Tagliavini E, Samorì C, and Caliceti C
- Subjects
- Cosmetics chemistry, HaCaT Cells, Humans, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Polyphenols pharmacology, Refuse Disposal methods, Vitis metabolism
- Abstract
Food waste is a global problem due to its environmental and economic impact, so there is great demand for the exploitation of new functional applications. The winemaking process leads to an incomplete extraction of high-value compounds, leaving the pomace still rich in polyphenols. This study was aimed at optimising and validating sustainable routes toward the extraction and further valorisation of these polyphenols, particularly for cosmeceutical applications. New formulations based on red grape pomace polyphenols and natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) were here investigated, namely betaine combined with citric acid (BET-CA), urea (BET-U) and ethylene glycol (BET-EG), in which DESs were used both as extracting and carrying agents for polyphenols. The flavonoid profile determined by HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed similar malvidin content (51-56 μg mL
-1 ) in the DES combinations, while BET-CA gave the best permeation performance in Franz cells, so it was further investigated in 3D human keratinocytes (HaCat spheroids) injured with the pro-oxidant agent menadione. BET-CA treatment showed good intracellular antioxidant activity (IC50 0.15 ± 0.02 μg mL-1 in malvidin content) and significantly decreased ( p < 0.001) the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8, improving cell viability. Thus, BET-CA formulation is worthy of investigation for potential use as a cosmetic ingredient to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, which are causes of skin aging. more...- Published
- 2021
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34. Recovery of Polyhydroxyalkanoates From Single and Mixed Microbial Cultures: A Review.
- Author
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Pagliano G, Galletti P, Samorì C, Zaghini A, and Torri C
- Abstract
An overview of the main polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) recovery methods is here reported, by considering the kind of PHA-producing bacteria (single bacterial strains or mixed microbial cultures) and the chemico-physical characteristics of the extracted polymer (molecular weight and polydispersity index). Several recovery approaches are presented and categorized in two main strategies: PHA recovery with solvents (halogenated solvents, alkanes, alcohols, esters, carbonates and ketones) and PHA recovery by cellular lysis (with oxidants, acid and alkaline compounds, surfactants and enzymes). Comparative evaluations based on the recovery, purity and molecular weight of the recovered polymers as well as on the potential sustainability of the different approaches are here presented., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Pagliano, Galletti, Samorì, Zaghini and Torri.) more...
- Published
- 2021
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35. Organogel Coupled with Microstructured Electrospun Polymeric Nonwovens for the Effective Cleaning of Sensitive Surfaces.
- Author
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Jia Y, Sciutto G, Mazzeo R, Samorì C, Focarete ML, Prati S, and Gualandi C
- Abstract
Hydrogels and organogels are widely used as cleaning materials, especially when a controlled solvent release is necessary to prevent substrate damage. This situation is often encountered in the personal care and electronic components fields and represents a challenge in restoration, where the removal of a thin layer of aged varnish from a painting may compromise the integrity of the painting itself. There is an urgent need for new and effective cleaning materials capable of controlling and limiting the use of solvents, achieving at the same time high cleaning efficacy. In this paper, new sandwich-like composites that fully address these requirements are developed by using an organogel (poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) + γ-valerolactone) in the core and two external layers of electrospun nonwovens made of continuous submicrometric fibers produced by electrospinning (either poly(vinyl alcohol) or polyamide 6,6). The new composite materials exhibit an extremely efficient cleaning action that results in the complete elimination of the varnish layer with a minimal amount of solvent adsorbed by the painting layer after the treatment. This demonstrates that the combined materials exert a superficial action that is of utmost importance to safeguard the painting. Moreover, we found that the electrospun nonwoven layers act as mechanically reinforcement components, greatly improving the bending resistance of organogels and their handling. The characterization of these innovative cleaning materials allowed us to propose a mechanism to explain their action: electrospun fibers play the leading role by slowing down the diffusion of the solvent and by conferring to the entire composite a microstructured rough superficial morphology, enabling to achieve outstanding cleaning performance. more...
- Published
- 2020
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36. Use of waste carbon dioxide and pre-treated liquid digestate from biogas process for Phaeodactylum tricornutum cultivation in photobioreactors and open ponds.
- Author
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Simonazzi M, Pezzolesi L, Guerrini F, Vanucci S, Samorì C, and Pistocchi R
- Subjects
- Biofuels, Biomass, Carbon Dioxide, Ponds, Microalgae, Photobioreactors
- Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum is considered a promising source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). In this study, P. tricornutum cultivation using waste products from anaerobic digestion (i.e. liquid digestate and CO
2 ) was tested and scaled-up in closed and open prototype systems. The chemical composition of algal biomass was evaluated to optimize the lipid content. Algal productivity and composition, especially in terms of PUFAs, were not modified by the use of waste CO2 . Digestate led to a lower protein (24%) content than medium (36-37%), without affecting lipid amount (about 37%). Algal and EPA productivity were nearly two-fold higher by using photobioreactors (0.075 g biomass L-1 day-1 and 1.62 mg EPA g-1 day-1 ) than open ponds, which are more influenced by environmental conditions. This study highlights that economic and environmental benefits could be achieved by using waste CO2 and liquid digestate from anaerobic digestion for microalgae cultivation., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2019
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37. Inter- and Intraspecific Variability of Nitrogenated Compounds in Gorgonian Corals via Application of a Fast One-Step Analytical Protocol.
- Author
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Samorì C, Costantini F, Galletti P, Tagliavini E, and Abbiati M
- Subjects
- Alkaloids metabolism, Animals, Heterocyclic Compounds metabolism, Mediterranean Sea, Alkaloids analysis, Anthozoa chemistry, Heterocyclic Compounds analysis
- Abstract
Gorgonian corals play a structural role in temperate and tropical biogenic reefs, forming animal forests and creating biodiversity hot spots. In the Mediterranean Sea, slow-growing and long-lived gorgonian species are threatened by human disturbances and global environmental changes and concern about their conservation is rising. Alkaloid metabolites have proven to be essential in protecting these species from environmental stressors. Traditional profiling methodologies to detect these metabolites require a large quantity of living tissue. Here, the chemodiversity of gorgonian alkaloids was investigated by applying a fast and effective protocol combining extraction and derivatization using small-scale tissue samples and GC/MS analysis. The method was effective in identifying and quantifying alkaloids and guanine-based compounds. Eight N-heterocyclic compounds were found in six Mediterranean gorgonians differing for types and quantity. The metabolomic profile was conservative in species of the Eunicella genus, with three species sharing the same pattern. Conversely, Paramuricea clavata displayed a noticeable spatial pattern of variation among colonies collected in different locations. The analytical approach presented here proved to be effective, allowing rare, endangered, and small-sized species to be screened rapidly for detection of new compounds in order to explore their biological and ecological functions., (© 2018 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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38. Renewable Alkenes from the Hydrothermal Treatment of Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Containing Sludge.
- Author
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Torri C, Weme TDO, Samorì C, Kiwan A, and Brilman DWF
- Subjects
- Alkenes, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Sewage, Bioreactors, Polyhydroxyalkanoates
- Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a key constituent of excess sludge produced by Aerobic Sewage Sludge Treatment plants. The accumulation of significant amount of PHA inside aerobic microbial cells occurs when a surplus of an easily degradable carbon source (e.g., volatile fatty acids, VFA) is found in combination with other nutrients limitation. Herein, hydrothermal treatment (HT) of PHA-containing sludge at 300 and 375 °C was demonstrated to be effective in converting most (>70% w/w) of the bacterial PHA stored inside microbial cells into alkene/CO
2 gas mixtures. Simultaneously, most of non-PHA biomass was converted into water-soluble compounds (50% carbon yield) that were acidogenic fermented to produce volatile fatty acids, ideal substrate to feed aerobic bacteria and produce more PHA. According to results here presented, HT of excess sludge with moderate (13%) PHA content can produce about 50 kg of alkenes per tonne of suspended solids treated, with a significant reduction of sludge mass (80% reduction of wet sludge volume) and consequent disposal cost. more...- Published
- 2017
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39. PUFAs and PUAs production in three benthic diatoms from the northern Adriatic Sea.
- Author
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Pezzolesi L, Pichierri S, Samorì C, Totti C, and Pistocchi R
- Subjects
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated chemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Molecular Structure, Oceans and Seas, Aldehydes chemistry, Aldehydes pharmacology, Diatoms chemistry, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated metabolism
- Abstract
The production of polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) has been reported by many planktonic diatoms, where they have been implicated in deleterious effects on copepod reproduction and growth of closeby microbes or suggested as infochemicals in shaping plankton interactions. This study investigates the production of PUAs by diatoms commonly occurring in the microphytobenthic communities in temperate regions: Tabularia affinis, Proschkinia complanatoides and Navicula sp. Results highlight the production of PUAs by the three benthic diatoms during stationary and decline phases, with intracellular concentrations from 1.8 to 154.4 fmol cell
-1 , which are within the range observed for planktonic species. The existence of a large family of PUAs, including some with four unsaturations, such as decatetraenal, undecatetraenal and tridecatetraenal, was observed. Since particulate and dissolved PUAs were positively correlated, together with cell lysis, equivalent concentrations may be released during late growth stages, which may affect benthic invertebrates grazing on them and other microalgae., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2017
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40. Surfactants from itaconic acid: Toxicity to HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro, micellar solubilization, and skin permeation enhancement of hydrocortisone.
- Author
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Abruzzo A, Armenise N, Bigucci F, Cerchiara T, Gösser MB, Samorì C, Galletti P, Tagliavini E, Brown DM, Johnston HJ, Fernandes TF, and Luppi B
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Micelles, Skin drug effects, Solubility, Swine, Hydrocortisone chemistry, Keratinocytes drug effects, Skin Absorption, Succinates chemistry, Surface-Active Agents chemistry
- Abstract
One of the most widely used approaches for improving drug permeation across the stratum corneum barrier of the skin is the use of chemical penetration enhancers, such as surfactants. In this study, two anionic surfactants, named C12-OPK and C18-OPK, were synthesized via condensation of itaconic acid and fatty amines, with C12 and C18 alkyl chains, respectively. Assessment of impacts on HaCaT keratinocyte cell viability was used as indicator of their potential to cause skin irritation 24h post exposure (Alamar Blue assay). The LC
50 values of C12-OPK and C18-OPK (144 and 85mg/L, respectively) were lower than LC50 values of the most used commercial surfactants (e.g. SDS). The effect of different surfactant concentrations (up to ten times the critical micellar concentration, CMC) on hydrocortisone (HC) solubility and permeation through porcine skin was also evaluated. Results showed that drug solubility increased linearly with increasing concentrations of both surfactants, as a consequence of the association between drug and micelles. In vitro permeation results showed that the permeability coefficient increased at surfactant concentrations lower than the CMC. In particular, a higher enhancement effect on drug permeation was obtained with C18-OPK, due to its hydrophobic properties that ensured a more effective HC permeation in comparison to C12-OPK., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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41. Ecological relevance of skeletal fatty acid concentration and composition in Mediterranean scleractinian corals.
- Author
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Samorì C, Caroselli E, Prada F, Reggi M, Fermani S, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S, and Falini G
- Subjects
- Animals, Anthozoa chemistry, Ecology, Fatty Acids chemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Mediterranean Sea, Anthozoa metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism
- Abstract
The intra-skeletal fatty acid concentration and composition of four Mediterranean coral species, namely Cladocora caespitosa, Balanophyllia europaea, Astroides calycularis and Leptopsammia pruvoti, were examined in young and old individuals living in three different locations of the Mediterranean Sea. These species are characterized by diverse levels of organization (solitary or colonial) and trophic strategies (symbiotic or non-symbiotic). Fatty acids have manifold fundamental roles comprehensive of membrane structure fluidity, cell signaling and energy storage. For all species, except for B. europaea, the intra-skeletal fatty acid concentration was significantly higher in young individuals than in old ones. Moreover, fatty acid concentration was higher in colonial corals than in solitary ones and in the symbiotic corals compared to non-symbiotic ones. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that palmitic acid (16:0) was the most abundant fatty acid, followed by stearic (18:0) in order of concentration. Oleic acid (18:1) was detected as the third main component only in skeletons from symbiotic corals. These results suggest that, in the limits of the studied species, intra-skeletal fatty acid composition and concentration may be used for specific cases as a proxy of level of organization and trophic strategy, and eventually coral age. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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42. Chemical and ecotoxicological properties of three bio-oils from pyrolysis of biomasses.
- Author
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Campisi T, Samorì C, Torri C, Barbera G, Foschini A, Kiwan A, Galletti P, Tagliavini E, and Pasteris A
- Subjects
- Animals, Biodegradation, Environmental, Chickens, Chlorophyta drug effects, Daphnia drug effects, Ecotoxicology, Manure, Pinus, Zea mays, Biomass, Oils metabolism, Oils toxicity
- Abstract
In view of the potential use of pyrolysis-based technologies, it is crucial to understand the environmental hazards of pyrolysis-derived products, in particular bio-oils. Here, three bio-oils were produced from fast pyrolysis of pine wood and intermediate pyrolysis of corn stalk and poultry litter. They were fully characterized by chemical analysis and tested for their biodegradability and their ecotoxicity on the crustacean Daphnia magna and the green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. These tests were chosen as required by the European REACH regulation. These three bio-oils were biodegradable, with 40-60% of biodegradation after 28 days, and had EC50 values above 100mgL(-1) for the crustacean and above 10mgL(-1) for the alga, showing low toxicity to the aquatic life. The toxic unit approach was applied to verify whether the observed toxicity could be predicted from the data available for the substances detected in the bio-oils. The predicted values largely underestimated the experimental values., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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43. Effects of ionic liquids on membrane fusion and lipid aggregation of egg-PC liposomes.
- Author
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Galletti P, Malferrari D, Samorì C, Sartor G, and Tagliavini E
- Subjects
- Animals, Chickens, Fluorescent Dyes, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Imidazoles chemistry, Ionic Liquids chemistry, Pyrenes, Pyridinium Compounds chemistry, Pyrrolidines chemistry, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Structure-Activity Relationship, Ionic Liquids pharmacology, Liposomes chemistry, Membrane Fusion drug effects, Phosphatidylcholines chemistry
- Abstract
In this study we have explored the effects of different groups of ionic liquids (ILs) on membrane fusion. The ILs used contain different head groups: N-methylimidazolium, 3-methylpyridinium and N-methylpyrrolidinium; short alkyl or ether functionalized side chains (with one or two ethoxy functionalities), paired with chloride anion. These ILs have been compared with 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as example of a highly lipophilic IL. The effect of ILs on membrane fusion was investigated through pyrene steady state fluorescence probing, using the IE factor and excimer/monomer ratio (IE/IM) as parameters. The ratio between the vibronic bands of pyrene (I1/I3 ratio) has been used to monitor the effect of ILs on the aggregation properties of egg-PC liposomes. The effect of different ILs' families was evident; the pyridinium ILs induced a greater extent of fusion than pyrrolidinium and imidazolium ILs having the same side chain. Marginal effect could be attributed to different anions. ILs with short alkyl chains were usually more effective than ether functionalized ones. The aggregation behaviors of ILs having dioxygenated chains have been measured in buffer solution., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Extraction of polyhydroxyalkanoates from mixed microbial cultures: Impact on polymer quality and recovery.
- Author
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Samorì C, Abbondanzi F, Galletti P, Giorgini L, Mazzocchetti L, Torri C, and Tagliavini E
- Subjects
- Bacteria growth & development, Batch Cell Culture Techniques, Biomass, Bioreactors microbiology, Solvents, Bacteria metabolism, Polyhydroxyalkanoates isolation & purification
- Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) can be extracted from mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) by means of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or combination of DMC and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). The protocol based on DMC, a green solvent never used before for the extraction of PHAs from MMC, allows an overall polymer recovery of 63%; also the purity and the molecular weight of the recovered polymers are good (98% and 1.2 MDa, respectively). The use of NaClO pretreatment before DMC extraction increases the overall PHA recovery (82%) but lowers the mean molecular weight to 0.6-0.2 MDa. A double extraction with DMC results to be the method of choice for the recovery of high quality PHAs from attractive but challenging MMCs., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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45. Customizing properties of β-chitin in squid pen (gladius) by chemical treatments.
- Author
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Ianiro A, Giosia MD, Fermani S, Samorì C, Barbalinardo M, Valle F, Pellegrini G, Biscarini F, Zerbetto F, Calvaresi M, and Falini G
- Subjects
- Animals, Microscopy methods, Nanotechnology methods, Porosity, Spectrum Analysis methods, Water chemistry, Wettability, X-Ray Diffraction methods, Chitin chemistry, Decapodiformes chemistry
- Abstract
The squid pen (gladius) from the Loligo vulgaris was used for preparation of β-chitin materials characterized by different chemical, micro- and nano-structural properties that preserved, almost completely the macrostructural and the mechanical ones. The β-chitin materials obtained by alkaline treatment showed porosity, wettability and swelling that are a function of the duration of the treatment. Microscopic, spectroscopic and synchrotron X-ray diffraction techniques showed that the chemical environment of the N-acetyl groups of the β-chitin chains changes after the thermal alkaline treatment. As a consequence, the crystalline packing of the β-chitin is modified, due to the intercalation of water molecules between β-chitin sheets. Potential applications of these β-chitin materials range from the nanotechnology to the regenerative medicine. The use of gladii, which are waste products of the fishing industry, has also important environmental implications. more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Assessing microalgae biorefinery routes for the production of biofuels via hydrothermal liquefaction.
- Author
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López Barreiro D, Samorì C, Terranella G, Hornung U, Kruse A, and Prins W
- Subjects
- Carbon analysis, Complex Mixtures analysis, Gases chemistry, Lipids isolation & purification, Nitrogen analysis, Proteins isolation & purification, Time Factors, Biofuels microbiology, Biotechnology methods, Microalgae metabolism, Temperature, Water pharmacology
- Abstract
The interest in third generation biofuels from microalgae has been rising during the past years. Meanwhile, it seems not economically feasible to grow algae just for biofuels. Co-products with a higher value should be produced by extracting a particular algae fraction to improve the economics of an algae biorefinery. The present study aims at analyzing the influence of two main microalgae components (lipids and proteins) on the composition and quantity of biocrude oil obtained via hydrothermal liquefaction of two strains (Nannochloropsis gaditana and Scenedesmus almeriensis). The algae were liquefied as raw biomass, after extracting lipids and after extracting proteins in microautoclave experiments at different temperatures (300-375°C) for 5 and 15min. The results indicate that extracting the proteins from the microalgae prior to HTL may be interesting to improve the economics of the process while at the same time reducing the nitrogen content of the biocrude oil., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Fast procedure for the analysis of poly(hydroxyalkanoates) in bacterial cells by off-line pyrolysis/gas-chromatography with flame ionization detector.
- Author
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Torri C, Cordiani H, Samorì C, Favaro L, and Fabbri D
- Subjects
- 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid metabolism, Biomass, Biopolymers metabolism, Caproates metabolism, Cupriavidus necator growth & development, Cupriavidus necator metabolism, Flame Ionization, Hydroxybutyrates metabolism, Polyesters metabolism, 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid chemistry, Biopolymers chemistry, Caproates chemistry, Cupriavidus necator chemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Hydroxybutyrates chemistry, Polyesters chemistry
- Abstract
Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs) are polyesters formed by saturated short chain hydroxyacids, among which 3-hydroxybutanoic (HB) and 3-hydroxypentanoic (3-hydroxyvalerate, HV) are the most common monomers of homopolymers (e.g. poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), PHB) and copolymers (e.g. poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), PHB-HC). The most widely used approach for their determination is the polymer methanolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methylated monomers; this procedure generally requires the use of additional reagents (e.g. sulfuric acid) and is performed with harmful chlorinated solvents, such as chloroform. The development of fast routine solventless methods for the quantitative determination of PHAs and their monomeric composition is highly desirable to reduce sample pretreatment, speed up the analysis and decrease overall costs. It has been reported that under thermal treatment (e.g. pyrolysis, Py), PHAs are degraded in high yield (>40%, w/wPHA) into the corresponding 2-alkenoic acid (e.g. crotonic acid from PHB). This work aimed at investigating this reaction for direct analysis of PHAs in bacterial cells. The sample was directly subjected to pyrolysis and trapped pyrolysis products were analyzed by GC-FID. Off-line Py/GC-FID was first optimized on pure polymers with different monomer composition (PHB, PHB-HV, PHB-HC) and then applied to bacterial samples deriving from both mixed microbial cultures or selected strains, containing various types and amounts of PHAs. The Py/GC-FID method provided RSD <15% range, limit of detection of 100μg (1% PHAs in biomass), and results comparable to that of methanolysis (R(2)=0.9855), but with minimal sample pretreatment., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Nutrient removal efficiency and physiological responses of Desmodesmus communis at different HRTs and nutrient stress condition using different sources of urban wastewater effluents.
- Author
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Samorì G, Samorì C, and Pistocchi R
- Subjects
- Ammonia metabolism, Biodegradation, Environmental, Chlorophyta growth & development, Microalgae growth & development, Phosphates metabolism, Photosynthesis, Waste Disposal, Fluid instrumentation, Water Purification instrumentation, Chlorophyta metabolism, Microalgae metabolism, Waste Disposal, Fluid methods, Wastewater chemistry, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutrient removal efficiency and the physiological responses in terms of growth, biochemical composition and photosynthetic activity of the autochthonous freshwater algal strain Desmodesmus communis. Microalgae were grown in a primary municipal effluent under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and in a two-phases process using both primary and secondary wastewater effluents. Semi-continuous cultures were operated for 7 day at 5-, 3- and 1.5-day HRT and the different dilution rate showed a greater influence on the biomass composition and nutrient removal efficiency. Removal of N-NH3 and P-PO4 was over 99 % and the highest accumulation of polysaccharides (57.2 wt.%) was obtained at high HRT (5 day); the maximum content of proteins (26.9 wt.%) was achieved at 1.5-day HRT, even if, under this condition, a clear inefficiency in terms of ammonia removal was observed. Moreover the accumulation of N-NH3 occurring at 1.5-day HRT caused the decrease of the photosynthetic response in terms of efficiency of light capture (α) and relative electron transport rate (rETR), both parameters extracted from the rapid light curves (RLC) measurements. No significant differences were observed for the total fatty acids (TFAs), with a content of 2-3.5 wt.% for each HRT condition. On the other hand, in the two-phases process, when a nutrient deprivation condition was induced by diluting the culture with the secondary wastewater effluent, the algal cells accumulated TFAs, achieving a maximum content of 9.7 wt.% and a great increment in terms of biomass (1.64 ± 0.02 g L(-1)) due to the ability of this algal strain to accumulate intracellular N. The wide and accurate investigation of the different aspects related to the whole process represents a relevant point of novelty in this research field and suggests the operational conditions for the start-up of an open pond system for wastewater treatment and biomass production for further applications. more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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49. Secondary amines as switchable solvents for lipid extraction from non-broken microalgae.
- Author
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Du Y, Schuur B, Samorì C, Tagliavini E, and Brilman DW
- Subjects
- Biomass, Fatty Acids analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Oils isolation & purification, Amines chemistry, Lipids isolation & purification, Microalgae metabolism, Solvents chemistry
- Abstract
Lipids from algal biomass may provide renewable fuel and chemical feedstock in large quantities. The energy intensity of drying and milling of algae prior to extraction and of solvent recovery afterwards is a major obstacle. The objective is to use switchable solvents to extract oil directly from wet microalgae slurries without the need for drying and milling, and subsequently recover the extracted oil and solvent by simple phase splitting, using CO2 as trigger. In this work secondary amine solvents were investigated for lipids extraction, polarity switching and phase splitting ability upon contacting with CO2. For strain Desmodesmus sp. extraction yields from the wet algal slurries, with and without cell disruption, were comparable with Bligh & Dyer method yields. Oil and solvent recovery via phase separation was realized by CO2 induced phase splitting, making secondary amines a candidate for further development of an energy efficient lipid extraction technology for non-broken microalgae., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Growth and nitrogen removal capacity of Desmodesmus communis and of a natural microalgae consortium in a batch culture system in view of urban wastewater treatment: part I.
- Author
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Samorì G, Samorì C, Guerrini F, and Pistocchi R
- Subjects
- Ammonia analysis, Ammonia metabolism, Biofuels, Biomass, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Cell Proliferation, Chlorophyta classification, Chlorophyta metabolism, Chlorophyta radiation effects, Cities, Fatty Acids analysis, Fatty Acids metabolism, Italy, Kinetics, Light, Local Government, Phosphates analysis, Phosphates metabolism, Phytoplankton metabolism, Phytoplankton radiation effects, Pilot Projects, Polysaccharides analysis, Polysaccharides metabolism, Wastewater microbiology, Batch Cell Culture Techniques, Chlorophyta growth & development, Nitrogen Cycle, Phytoplankton growth & development, Wastewater chemistry, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
The microalgal biomass applications strongly depend on cell composition and the production of low cost products such as biofuels appears to be economically convenient only in conjunction with wastewater treatment. As a preliminary study, in view of the development of a wastewater treatment pilot plant for nutrient removal and algal biomass production, a biological wastewater system was carried out on a laboratory scale growing a newly isolated freshwater algal strain, Desmodesmus communis, and a natural consortium of microalgae in effluents generated by a local wastewater reclamation facility. Batch cultures were operated by using D. communis under different growth conditions to better understand the effects of CO₂, nutrient concentration and light intensity on the biomass productivity and biochemical composition. The results were compared with those obtained using a natural algal consortium. D. communis showed a great vitality in the wastewater effluents with a biomass productivity of 0.138-0.227 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹ in the primary effluent enriched with CO₂, higher biomass productivity compared with the one achieved by the algal consortium (0.078 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹). D. communis cultures reached also a better nutrient removal efficiency compared with the algal consortium culture, with almost 100% for ammonia and phosphorous at any N/P ratio characterizing the wastewater nutrient composition. Biomass composition was richer in polysaccharides and total fatty acids as the ammonia concentration in the water decreased. In view of a future application of this algal biomass, due to the low total fatty acids content of 1.4-9.3 wt% and the high C/N ratio of 7.6-39.3, anaerobic digestion appeared to be the most appropriate biofuel conversion process., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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