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Structural integrity assessment and control (SIA & C) are vital for existing ageing as well as newly built offshore and onshore structures. The SIA & C becomes highly sensitive to interventions under a potential loss of structural integrity (SI) especially when there are inherent constraints present in carrying out engineering work in hazardous environments such as petroleum production and process facilities (P&PFs). The challenges have been further exacerbated by the constantly ageing onshore and offshore structures whilst it is the necessity of carrying out life extension at the verge of their design service lives. Local and international regulations demand the implementation of appropriate strengthening, modification and repair (SMR) plans when significant changes in the SI have been revealed. This chapter presents potential simulation approaches that are possible to utilize for SIA&C in relation to prioritization as well as evaluation of current status of a SIA&C organization.

White concrete facade elements are widely used in construction industry. It is challenging to achieve the desired workability in casting of white concrete elements. Particle Matrix model was used for proportioning the self-compacting white concrete (SCWC) to control segregation and bleeding and to improve workability. The paper presents how to reach the target slump flow while controlling bleeding and segregation in SCWC. The amount of aggregates, binders and mixing water, as well as type and dosage of superplasticizer (SP) to be used are the major factors influencing the properties of SCWC. Slump flow and compressive strength tests were carried out to examine the performance of SCWC, and the results indicate that the particle matrix model could produce successfully SCWC controlling segregation and bleeding., {"references":["L. Ferrara, Y-D. Park and S. P. Shah, \"A method for mix-design of\nfiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete\", Cement and Concrete\nResearch, vol.37, no.6, June 2007, pp. 957–971.","N. Su, K-C. Hsu and H-W. Chai, (2001 \"A simple mix design method\nfor self-compacting concrete\", Cement and Concrete Research, vol.31,\nno.12, December 2001, pp. 1799–1807.","S. Jacobsen, Concrete Technology-1, Compendium, Norwegian\nUniversity of Science and Technology, 2009, Trondheim, Norway.","E. Mortsell, M. Maage and S. Smeplass, \"A particle-matrix model for\nprediction of workability of concrete,\" P.J.M. Bartos, C.L. Marrs, and\nD.J. Cleland, Eds., Production Methods and Workability of Concrete,\nProc. of the Conf. RILEM, E&FN Spon, 1996, pp.429-438.","S. Smeplass, and E. Mortsell, \"The particle matrix model applied on\nSCC\", Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Self-\nCompacting Concrete, Tokyo, Japan, 2001, pp.267-276.","K. Reknes, \"Particle-matrix model based design of self-compacting\nconcrete with lignosulfonate water reducer\", Proceedings of the Second\nInternational Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, Tokyo, Japan,\n2001, pp.247-256.","E. Øfsdahl, Fibre-reinforced Self-compacting Concrete: Prediction of\nRheological Properties, Master Thesis, 2012, NTNU, Trondheim,\nNorway.","SCC Guidelines, The European Guidelines for Self Compacting\nConcrete; specification, production and use, 2005, SCC European\nProject Group, http://www.efnarc.org/pdf/SCCGuidelinesMay 2005.pdf\n(accessed on 29.12.2014).","Betong, Spesifikasjon og produksjonsveiledning for selvkomprimerende\nbetong, Norsk betongforening publikasjon nr.29, Norsk Betongforening,\n2007, Oslo, Norge (In Norwegian)\n[10] NS EN 206-1: Concrete-Part 1: Specification, performance, production\nand conformity, European Standard, 2000."]}