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Abstract Objective The main objective of the present study was to determine the quality of life (QoL), depression, and anxiety levels in kidney failure patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatment and examine the impact of depression and anxiety on the QoL of these patients in a sample from Somalia. Methods A sample of 200 patients with kidney failure who were undergoing HD treatment approximately two to three times a week was included. All participants were administered a sociodemographic data form, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHO-QOL-BREF). Subjects on HD for less than 3 months prior to the study date were excluded. Results Of the kidney failure patients, 200 patients, aged 18–86 years (median: 50.0; IQR: 25.0), consented and participated in the study. 58.5% of the participants were men; 64% had a kidney failure duration of 1–5 years, and 52.6% had a HD duration of 1–5 years. Mild symptoms of depression were found in 48%, while moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were found in 13.5% of HD patients. Depression and anxiety were found to be significantly correlated with overall QoL, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environmental well-being. There were similar predictors of overall QoL, physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environmental well-being relating to socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, family income, anxiety, and depression. Conclusions This study emphasizes the important role that anxiety, depression, and family income have in HD patients' QoL in Somalia. It highlights the significance of regular emotional assessment and efficient management in order to increase patient satisfaction. Future studies with larger samples are necessary for more accurate statistical analysis. To optimize patient care, a multidisciplinary healthcare team is recommended.

Objective: This study aimed to assess anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in kidney failure patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) in Somalia and examine the relationship between anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Methods: We conducted a study with 200 kidney failure patients on HD treatment for over 3 months. Participants completed sociodemographic questionnaires, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results: Among the 200 participants (mean age = 52.3; SD = 14.13), 58.5% were men, 64% had CKD for 1–5 years, and 52.6% received HD for 1–5 years. Depressive symptoms were found in 61.5% (PHQ-9) and 37.5% (HADS depression subscale) of HD patients. Poor sleep quality (PSQI) was observed in 31.5% and significantly correlated with PHQ-9 (rs = 0.633), HADS anxiety (rs = 0.491), and HADS depression (rs = 0.529). The ISI score correlated significantly with PHQ-9 (rs = 0.611), HADS anxiety (rs = 0.494), and HADS depression (rs = 0.586). All PSQI components correlated with depression and anxiety, except sleep medication use. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that HADS anxiety (β = 0.342) and HADS depression (β = 0.372) predicted ISI scores. HADS anxiety (β = 0.307) and HADS depression (β = 0.419) predicted PSQI scores. Conclusions: Higher anxiety and depression levels negatively correlated with various dimensions of sleep quality in kidney failure patients. Early identification and appropriate management of these psychological disturbances are crucial for enhancing patients’ overall quality of life.

ObjectiveThe main objective of the present study is to examine the relationship between perceived social support and the quality of sleep and to determine the predictors of sleep quality in a sample of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) in Somalia.MethodsA sample of 200 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were undergoing hemodialysis treatment approximately two to three times a week were included. All participants were administered a sociodemographic data form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Patients undergoing HD for less than 3 months prior to the study date were excluded.ResultsOf the patients undergoing hemodialysis, 200 patients aged between 18 and 68 years (mean = 52.29; SD = 14.13) gave consent and participated in the study. Sixty-three subjects (31.5%) reported poor sleep quality, defined as having a total PSQI score > 5. Forty-one subjects (20.5%) reported clinically significant (moderate-to-severe) insomnia. The majority of our patients undergoing HD reported remarkably high family support, but low friends and significant other support. Poor sleep quality significantly correlated with perceived friends’ support and perceived total social support. While perceived family support significantly correlated with both family income and the duration of chronic kidney disease (CKD), perceived friends’ support significantly correlated with age and family income. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that perceived family support and friends’ support were significant predictors of poor sleep quality. Perceived friends’ support was a significant predictor of insomnia severity. Perceived family support was a significant predictor of subjective sleep quality and sleep duration. Perceived friends’ support was a significant predictor of subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and daytime dysfunction. Family income was a significant predictor of sleep duration. Age and gender were significant predictors of sleep efficiency. The duration of CKD and duration of HD were significant predictors of sleep disturbance.ConclusionThis present study has highlighted the value of family as a principal support system in Somalian culture. Understanding the impact of perceived social support on the quality of sleep in patients undergoing HD will help healthcare providers and social services to focus on and improve the social support systems of the patients as an integral part of their treatment.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the TCI-R in a Turkish sample. METHODS Participants were 1026 (786 female, 240 male) college students at Hasan Kalyoncu University in Turkey. The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected and the TCI-R, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ) were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 24 for Windows. RESULTS The internal consistency was satisfactory for all dimensions (Cronbach alpha coefficients above 0.7). The highest Cronbach alpha was found for Persistence Dimension (0.92) and the lowest Cronbach alpha was found for Novelty Seeking Dimension (0.73) and test–retest correlation coefficients for all dimensions were relatively high and statistically significant. TCI-R temperament and character scales were found significantly correlated with the BDI, the BAI, and the PBQ total scores. A principal-components analysis with Promax rotation yielded four factors with an Eigenvalue greater than one, representing 62.67% of the total variance for temperament dimension. A principal-components analysis with Promax rotation yielded three factors with an Eigenvalue greater than one, representing 56.14% of the total variance for character dimension. The addition of four new subscales to the original scale for Persistence has produced a very reliable dimension in the TCI-R with the loadings ranging from 0.82 to 0.86. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that Turkish TCI-R was a valid and reliable tool with a robust factorial structure for further use in the assessing of personality psychopathology in clinical populations in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE Smith and Burger developed the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) in 1997 as a self-report measure for malingering of psychiatric symptoms. The SIMS consists of 75 dichotomous (True–False) items that form into five subscales Psychosis (P), Neurologic Impairment (NI), Affective Disorder (AF), Amnestic Disorders (AM), Low Intelligence (LI); each subscale containing 15 items. In this study, we aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the SIMS in a Turkish forensic psychiatry sample. METHODS A sample of 103 forensic patients (9 female, 94 male), aged 18–75, undergoing an inpatient forensic evaluations for competency to stand trial (CST) were recruited from a large forensic hospital in Turkey. The study protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected and the SIMS, Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST), the Scales of Psychological Well-being, 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows. RESULTS The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the Turkish SIMS were ranging from 0.32 to 0.88. The lowest alpha coefficient was observed for the Low Intelligence (0.32). For the whole scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.93. The test–retest (at after 1 week) correlation coefficients for Psychosis (P), Neurologic Impairment (NI), Affective Disorder (AF), Amnestic Disorders (AM), Low Intelligence (LI), and whole scale were found to be 0.97, 0.98, 0.96, 0.67, 0.83, and 0.95, respectively. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish SIMS and BDI (r = 0.620, p

OBJECTIVE: In this present study, we aimed to examine the relationship between particular traumatic past experiences and clinical features of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in an outpatient sample from Turkey. Overt or unknown childhood traumas were also examined as a robust risk factor that might affect the development of PTSD in this population. METHODS: The sample of this study was composed of 100 female patients with a history of traumatic experiences and with a documented psychiatric diagnosis except PTSD who were admitted to Health Sciences University’s Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital Outpatient Clinic. Semi-structured sociodemographic data form, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Clinician-Administered Posttraumatic Disorder Scale (CAPS) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28) were administered. Semi-structured sociodemographic form, were applied to the participants. Following clinical interviews and CAPS application, the patients were divided into two subgroups as patients with or without the diagnosis of current PTSD. Following screening of all variables for the accuracy of data entry, missing values, and homoscedasticity, statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. RESULTS: The CTQ total scores (U = 233.000, z = −6.856, p = 0.000) and also Emotional Abuse (U = 235.000, z = −6.941, p = 0.000), Physical Abuse (U = 185.000, z = −7.424, p = 0.000), Emotional Neglect (U = 244.000, z = −6.851, p = 0.000), Physical Neglect (U = 208.000, z = −7.276, p = 0.000) and Sexual Abuse (U = 266.000, z = −7.554 p = 0.000) subscale scores were significantly higher in the PTSD present group. A statistically significant association was found between CAPS Total scores and Emotional Abuse (r = 0.870, p

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine how internalized stigma differs in opioid use disorder (OUD) based on sociodemographic and clinical variables, and to what extent internalized stigma is related to treatment motivation, perceived social support, depression, and anxiety levels. METHODS: One hundred forty-five individuals with OUD included. Sociodemographic and clinical data form, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI), Treatment Motivation Questionnaire (TMQ), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were utilized in the study to collect data. Bivariate and partial correlation coefficients between variables were computed. ISMI and TMQ scores were compared between patients with depressive symptoms and patients without depressive symptoms by using t-test and Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS: Internalized stigma was high among male patients with heroin use disorder. There was a positive correlation between internalized stigma score and treatment motivation, depression, and anxiety levels. On the other hand, there was a negative correlation between internalized stigma score and multidimensional perceived social support. CONCLUSION: Internalized stigma occupies an important place in the treatment of OUD, which occurs with frequent relapses and which is hard to treat. Not only application for treatment but also adherence to treatment and treatment motivation at maintenance phase bestow a complicated relationship with depression and anxiety. In the struggle against internalized stigma, it plays a vital role to mobilize people’s social support systems, to educate families on the issue and to get in touch with support units exclusive to heroin users.

In this article, we have reviewed neuroimaging studies on the neural circuitry associated with suicidal behaviour in order to identify the neural substrates of suicidal behaviour. The Medline and ScienceDirect databases were comprehensively and systematically searched and articles published from 1990 through 2017 were reviewed. Reviewed brain-imaging modalities included structural magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, positron-emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, resting-state functional Imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although subject characteristics and imaging methods vary across studies, convergent findings involving the structure and function of frontostriatal network and fronto-limbic structures, and the serotonergic system were identified. These neuroimaging studies of suicide behaviour have provided crucial information on the neural circuitry associated with suicide risk. Future studies examining neural changes associated with before and after pharmacologic and behavioural interventions would be instrumental in suicide risk reduction.

OBJECTIVES Empathy is an essential ability that allows us to tune into how others are feeling or thinking. Empathy makes it possible to resonate with others’ positive and negative feelings alike so that we can thus feel happy when we vicariously share the joy of others and we can share the experience of suffering when we empathize with someone in pain. Empathy training not only promotes prosocial behaviour, but also augments positive affect and resilience, which in turn fosters better coping with stressful situations. The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a self-report questionnaire that was developed to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of empathy. Here, we aimed to examine the validity, reliability, and factor structure of the EQ in a Turkish sample. METHODS Participants were 436 mostly college students and civil servants (195 female, 241 male). Sociodemographic information, the Turkish version of the EQ, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS) 33-item full version and MC-SDS 13-item shorter versions were administered. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. RESULTS EQ scores were significantly higher in female participants ($\overline X $ Female = 46.45, SDFemale = 0.62) compared to the male participants ($\overline X $ Male = 43.68, SD Male = 0.56). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.76, Guttman’s split-half reliability coefficient was 0.61, and test–retest reliability coefficient was 0.95. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish EQ and MC-SDS Full version (r = 0.299, p

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study is to establish the psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the Luebeck Questionnaire for Recording Preoperational Thinking (LQPT) in a Turkish sample. METHODS: The study was conducted in Istanbul Metropolitan area and comprised of healthy controls (n = 33) and patients with psychiatric diagnoses (n = 60). Socio-demographic data of the participants were collected and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-A), and the LQPT were administered. RESULTS: The mean age of the study participants was 30.51 ± 8.75; 64.5% (n = 60) of the participants were female; 35.5% (n = 33) were male. The LQPT scores were non-normally distributed. The Cronbach’s alpha for the LQPT scale was found 0.887 and the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.902. The inter-item correlation was ranging from 0.189 to 0.705. A negative and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish LQPT and the DAS-A and its subscales. The principal-components analysis with Promax rotated solution yielded two factors which accounted for 46.43% of the total variance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that Turkish LQPT was a valid and reliable instrument with a robust factorial structure for tapping the cognitive components associated with the development of depression in clinical psychiatric populations in Turkey.

Impulsivity is a key feature of numerous psychiatric disorders. This paper reviews the recent evidences on the impulsivity in elderly, relationship between impulsivity and borderline personality disorder (BPD) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), impulsivity with anxiety and mood disorders, and the psychopharmacological approaches to impulsivity evaluating previously published studies. A literature review of the theoretical bases of the relationship between psychiatric disorders and impulsivity is presented. Measurements of impulsivity and neurobiological hypothesis are defined. Treatment approaches are discussed. Previous researches have shown significantly higher levels of impulsivity among patients with BPD, ADHD, anxiety, and mood disorders. In addition, older adults could be more impulsive than younger adults. But the nature of this relationship remains unclear. This is probably due to the fact that there is much overlap between them. Impulsivity is a risk for suicidality and influences pathogenesis, course, clinical severity of many psychiatric disorders. Pharmacological interventions for treating impulsivity should be incorporated into treatment plans for these disorders. Identifying the role of pharmacological interventions in modulating the development of trait impulsivity may prevent progression to psychiatric disorders and associated adverse consequences.

Objective: Although most burnout research has focused on environmental job-related correlates, it is possible that personality factors also play an important role in the development of burnout. The aim of present study is to examine the relationship between personality and burnout in healthcare workers by using Cloninger’s psychobiological model and Maslach’s three-dimensional burnout model in a healthcare worker sample in Turkey. Methods: Our samples consisted of 66 male, 14 female and totally 80 healthcare organization workers. Sociodemographic form for all the participants was completed during the interviews. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and Turkish TCI were completed by the participants. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses that determine best predictor of independent variables were performed to examine the association between the independent and dependent variables. Results: The hierarchical regression analysis has indicated that Self-Directedness was a significant predictor of depersonalization (β = −.347, R2 = .233, F = 1.878, p = .013) and Self-Transcendence and Self-Directedness were significant predictors of Personal Accomplishment (β = −.317, R2 = .176, F = 1.319, p = .029; β = −.328, R2 = .176, F = 1.319, p = .022; respectively), and Empathy and Self-Forgetfulness subscales were significant predictors of Personal Accomplishment (β = −.426, R2 = .106, F = 1.323, p = .013; β = −.400, R2 = .106, F = 1.323, p = .030; respectively). Conclusions: Our findings have shown that Self-Directedness, Empathy subscale of Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence with its Self-Forgetfulness subscale were significant predictors of personal accomplishment dimension of burnout. Our results suggested a strong association between temperament and character dimensions of personality and burnout in healthcare workers.

BACKGROUND: Comorbid mood disorders affect the prognosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) negatively. Affective temperaments are assumed to be subsyndromal symptoms and precursors of mood disorders, but its effects on OCD outcome still remain unclear. There is a body of evidence, which supports the association between circadian rhythm disturbances and mood disorders in the literature. In contrast, there is limited data concerning the effects of chronobiological differences among the patients with OCD and OCD comorbid mood disorders. The main objective of this present study was to examine the clinical effects of affective temperaments and chronotype differences in patients with OCD. METHODS: The study participants were 76 patients with OCD, who have been under treatment at least for 12 weeks, and 55 healthy controls. The participants were administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Auto-questionnaire, Morningness and Eveningness Questionnaire, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. RESULTS: OCD patients scored higher in depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores compared to the healthy controls. There were significant differences between patients with remission and not remission in depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperaments. Eveningness chronotype was more frequent in OCD patients; however, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the effects of affective temperaments and chronotype differences on the outcome of patients with OCD might provide valuable insights in developing new treatment approaches especially in treatment-resistant OCD cases.

Objective: Previous studies reported that there were significant associations between Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). In this study, we aimed to examine complex relationship between childhood trauma, impulsivity, dissociative symptoms, and the impact of ADHD on this relationship in a sample of patients with BPD. Methods: Our samples consisted of 165 BPD patients (128 female, 37 male) and 165 healthy subjects (128 female, 37 male) of similar age and gender. We administered the semi-structured socio-demographic data form, Adult Self-Report Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Dissociation Questionnaire. Results: The BPD group exhibited greater ADHD symptoms, impulsivity, childhood trauma, and dissociation compared to the healthy group. A statistically significant association was found between adult ADHD symptoms and impulsivity, childhood trauma, and dissociation scores. The logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, attentional and motor impulsiveness were the predictors of ADHD in BPD patients. Among these, gender and emotional neglect were the predictors of dissociation in BPD patients. Conclusion: Our results suggested a strong association between impulsivity, childhood trauma, dissociation, and ADHD symptoms in patients with BPD. The findings are mostly consistent with the literature. Clinicians should be aware of these symptoms among these populations to develop treatment strategies.

OBJECTIVE: The Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) is a comprehensive instrument for the assessment of weight self-stigma in obesity and has been validated in several languages. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties and validate the Turkish version of the WSSQ in a sample of severely obese patients in Turkey. METHODS: A cross-cultural adaptation of the WSSQ into Turkish was carried out, strictly according to recommended methods. The questionnaires including the Sociodemographic data form, the WSSQ, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire Emotional Eating Subscale, and Impact of Weight on Quality of Life Questionnaire were completed by 120 consecutive severely obese patients (96 female, 24 male) in the outpatient clinics of the Department of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery in a university setting in Turkey. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. RESULTS: The Cronbach’s α (internal reliability) for the two subscales of the WSSQ-self-devaluation and fear of enacted stigma, and for the whole questionnaire (WSSQ Total) were 0.74, 0.81, and 0.83, respectively. The self-devaluation subscale, the enacted stigma subscale and the total WSSQ have a good internal consistency. Construct validity also appeared adequate as the WSSQ correlates with other measures largely in the manner we expected. Principal component factor analyses revealed a two-factor structure with an almost identical factor structure to that reported in the original study. Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy was found to be 0.81 and Barlett’s test of Sphericity χ2 was found as 457.068 (p

OBJECTIVES: In this present study, we aimed to examine the relationship between impulsivity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms in female patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and compare these symptoms with a healthy group. METHODS: The sample of this study was composed of randomly selected 90 female patients diagnosed with BPD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria and not receiving any medical treatment during the past six months since presented to the Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital and randomly selected 90 healthy controls who were free of any psychiatric disorders. Semi-structured sociodemographic data form, Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-v1.1), and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) were administered. RESULTS: Total BIS scores were statistically significantly correlated with total ASRS (r = .557, p

Objective: Borderline personality disorder is a psychiatric condition, which is characterized by unstable interpersonal relationships, fear of abandonment, difficulties in regulating emotions, feeling of emptiness, chronic dysphoria and depression, and impulsivity and increased risk-taking behaviors. In this present study, we aimed to translate and establish psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ) in a representative Turkish university students sample and obtain normative data for future epidemiological and clinical studies in Turkey. Methods: Participants were 306 (201 females, 105 males) college students at the Hasan Kalyoncu University in Gaziantep, Turkey. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hasan Kalyoncu University. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected and Turkish BEST, Turkish BPQ, BDI, PBQ, and State-Trait Anxiety scales were administered. All variables were screened for the accuracy of data entry, missing values, and homoscedasticity using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the Turkish BPQ were ranging from 0.46 to 0.81. The lowest alpha coefficient was observed for the Abandonment (0.46). For the whole scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was found to be 0.89. The test–retest (at after 1 month) correlation coefficients for Impulsivity, Affective Instability, Abandonment, Relationships, Self-Image, Suicide/Self-Mutilation, Emptiness, Intense Anger, and Quasi-Psychotic States were found to be 0.50, 0.77, 0.40, 0.68, 0.72, 0.48, 0.73, 0.74, and 0.62, respectively. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish BPQ and BEST (r = 0.337, p

Objective: Borderline Personality Disorder is a psychiatric condition, which is characterized by unstable interpersonal relationships, fear of abandonment, difficulties in regulating emotions, feeling of emptiness, chronic dysphoria and depression, and impulsivity and increased risk-taking behaviors. In this study, we aimed to translate and establish psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Borderline Evaluation of Severity over Time (BEST) in a representative Turkish university students sample and obtain normative data for future epidemiological and clinical studies in Turkey. Methods: Participants were 306 (201 females, 105 males) college students at the Hasan Kalyoncu University in Gaziantep, Turkey. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hasan Kalyoncu University. Sociodemographic information of the participants was collected and Turkish version of the BEST, the Turkish version of the Borderline Personality Questionnaire (BPQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ), and State–Trait Anxiety scales were administered. All statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the Thoughts and Feelings, Negative Behaviors and Positive Behaviors subscales were 0.80, 0.65, and 0.67, respectively. For the whole scale, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.75. The test–retest correlation coefficients for Thoughts and Feelings, Negative Behaviors and Positive Behaviors were 0.61, 0.50, and 0.51, respectively. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish BEST and BPQ (r = 0.337, p

In this case report, we present two patients who developed serious dermatological adverse reactions following vortioxetine use. Dermatological signs and symptoms disappeared following discontinuation of vortioxetine. These two cases can be useful in routine clinical practice to recall the parameters that need to be systematically addressed in cases of suspected adverse drug reactions with vortioxetine use in depressed patients.

Objective: Mumford and colleagues developed the Bradford Somatic Inventory (BSI) that examines the somatic symptoms of anxiety and depression, which has transcultural applications. The objective of the current study was to establish the psychometric properties and factorial validity of the Turkish version of the BSI-44 in a healthy Turkish population and obtain normative data. Methods: The study was conducted at the Marmara University School of Medicine with a sample of 201 healthy students (18–30 years old). In order to estimate the test–retest reliability of the Turkish BSI, 53 participants from the original sample were asked to fill in the questionnaire one month after the initial testing. Socio-demographic data of the participants were collected and the Turkish BSI, Somatosensory Amplification Scale (SSAS), Whiteley Index (WI-7), and somatization subscale of the Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) scales were administered. All statistical analysis were performed by using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 22.9 ± 1.95 years; 57.7% (n = 116) of participants were female; 42.3% (n = 85) were male. BSI scores were normally distributed. The scores of the BSI were categorized as high (>40), middle (26–40), and low (0–25); no statistically significant differences were found between males and females. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.90 and the test–retest correlation coefficient was found to be 0.75. A positive and statistically significant correlation was found between the Turkish BSI and the WI (r = 0.38, p

Although recent research in neuroscience and genetics is providing new insights into the etiology of psychiatric disorders, progress in treatment development has been hindered by reliance on diagnostic categories that are based primarily on presenting signs and symptoms. The NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework seeks to provide a neuroscience-based nosological background for future research on psychopathology, categorizing individuals for research purposes using a dimensional approach that benefit from significant progress in modern neuroscience. These scientific advances combined with new approaches to classification can inform the development of novel, circuit-based interventions and the personalization of treatments available. In this editorial, we describe the RDoC framework compared with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual/International Classification of Disease systems and highlight some of the emerging progress in RDoC-based research that is consistent with these developments.

Objective: Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (J-TCI) was developed by Luby, Svrakic, McCallum, Przybeck, and Cloninger based on Cloninger’s biopsychosocial model to assess temperament and character dimensions in children and adolescents. Methods: The Turkish version of J-TCI-Revised (J-TCI-R) was administered to 1129 elementary and middle-school (male/female, 546/583) students. Internal consistency reliabilities were measured by Cronbach’s alpha; test–retest was assessed across one month. Results: Cronbach’s alphas for the subscales of J-TCI-R ranged from 0.60 to 0.75 for temperament and character subscales, which were comparable to US and other populations. The correlations between baseline and one month after administration of J-TCI-R were highly and statistically significant (r = 0.578–0.674 for scales and 0.366–0.582 for subscales) (n = 795). Factor analysis results using Eigenvalue greater than one rule indicated three out of four factors for temperament scales and one out of two factors for character subscales which were similar to findings from the other countries. When all of the subscales were subjected to factor analysis, four out of six factors were retained. To our knowledge, this is the first study analysing psychometric properties and factorial construct of the J-TCI-R. Conclusions: The internal reliability coefficients and test–retest indicated a good stability of scores over time and the factorial structure was consistent with Cloninger’s model of personality. The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the TCI is therefore supported.

Hippocampal hyperactivity has been proposed as a biomarker in schizophrenia. However, there is a debate whether the CA1 or the CA2/3 subfield is selectively affected. We studied 15 schizophrenia patients and 15 matched healthy control subjects with 3T steady state, gadolinium-enhanced, absolute cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps, perpendicular to the long axis of the hippocampus. The subfields of the hippocampal formation (subiculum, CA1, CA2/3, and hilus/dentate gyrus) were manually segmented to establish CBV values. Comparing anterior CA1 and CA2/3 CBV between patients and controls revealed a significant subfield-by-diagnosis interaction. This interaction was due to the combined effect of a trend of increased CA1 CBV (p = .06) and non-significantly decreased CA2/3 CBV (p = 0.14) in patients relative to healthy controls. These results support the emerging hypothesis of increased hippocampal activity as a biomarker of schizophrenia and highlight the importance of subfield-level investigations.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by pervasive affective instability, self-image disturbances, impulsivity, marked suicidality, and unstable interpersonal relationships as the core dimensions of psychopathology underlying the disorder. Across a wide range of situations, BPD causes significant impairments. Patients with BPD suffer considerable morbidity and mortality compared with other populations. Although BPD is more widely studied than any other personality disorder, it is not understood sufficiently. This paper briefly reviews the recent evidence on the prevalence, etiology, comorbidity, and treatment approaches of borderline personality disorder (BPD) by examining published studies, and aims to offer a more coherent framework for the understanding and management of borderline personality disorder.

Background: Oxytocin is a stress-attenuating and pro-social neuropeptide. To date, no study has looked at the effects of oxytocin in modulating brain activity in depressed individuals nor attempted to correlate this activity with attribution of mental activity in others. Method: We enrolled 10 unmedicated depressed adults and 10 matched healthy controls in a crossover, double blind placebo controlled fmri 40 i.u. intra-nasal oxytocin study (20 i.u. per nostril). Each subject performed Reading the Mind in the Eyes task (RMET) before and after inhalation of oxytocin or placebo control for a total of 80 scans. Results: Before oxytocin administration, RMET engaged medial and lateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, insula and associative areas. Depressed subjects showed increased anterior ventral activation for the RMET minus gender identification contrast whereas matched controls showed increased dorsal and frontal activity. Compared to placebo, oxytocin in depressed subjects showed increased activity in the superior middle frontal gyrus and insula, while controls exhibited more activity in ventral regions. Oxytocin also led to inverse effects in reaction times on attribution task between groups, with controls getting faster and depressed individuals slower to respond. Conclusion: Depression is associated with increased paralimbic activity during emotional mental attribution of others, appearing to be distinctly modulated by oxytocin when compared to healthy controls. Further studies are needed to explore long-term exposure to pro-social neuropeptides on mood in depressed populations and assess their clinical relevance.