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Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social interaction and repetitive behaviors (RBs). Therapies specifically targeting RBs have been underexplored despite advances in understanding their neurobiological basis. This study aims to evaluate whether high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) can reduce dysfunctional RBs in autistic children and investigate whether improvements differ between lower-order and higher-order RBs based on the brain regions stimulated. Methods The study entails a multi-session, sham-controlled, site-controlled, double-blind, and between-subjects design. The study will include participants with an ASD diagnosis (aged 8–13 years; IQ ≥ 70), who will undergo the HD-tDCS intervention for 10 sessions. Participants will be randomly assigned to three conditions: (1) Pre-Motor Active Group (active HD-tDCS over pre-SMA cortex); (2) Frontal Active Group (active HD-tDCS over dlPFC); (3) Placebo Control Group. In the active HD-tDCS conditions, the current will be delivered through a 4 × 1 montage; small circular electrodes will be used with the cathode placed centrally with a current intensity of 0.5 mA for a total of 20 min (30 s ramp up/down) per session. Participants during the sham condition will undergo the same procedures as those in the both active conditions actual placement of electrodes, and turning on the HD-tDCS equipment (30 s). The assessment will be completed at baseline (T0), immediately after the end of the intervention (T1) and 3 months after the end of the intervention (T2). The primary outcome measure will be the Total Score of the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised. The secondary outcomes measures will comprise ASD symptoms, sensory processing pattern, emotional/behavioral problems, sleep functioning, parental stress, neuropsychological features and High-Density EEG connectivity. We hypothesize that active HD-tDCS will lead to significant reduction in the total score of the primary outcome compared to Sham Group, with site-specific effects on lower-order and higher-order RBs. Discussion HD-tDCS is an easy-to-deliver, time-efficient, neurobiologically-driven intervention that could be performed as add-on to reduce the time of conventional therapy for ASD. Given the inherent limitations of specific interventions for RBs, tDCS represents an important “third” treatment arm to address the burden of interventions for ASD. Trial registration details The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06645587). Registered 17 October 2024.

Contemporary scholarships on various accounts of the concept of harmony in Chinese philosophy have produced fruitful outcomes by examining the term he. A standard use of he to account for harmony comes from the Analects, and this account sets up disjunctions not just between he and tong but also between harmony and tong. Such disjunctions are even more conspicuous in the political discourses from the Zuozhuan and Guoyu, and hence, has led scholars to overlook the more nuanced resonances between tong, he, and harmony that can be identified from other canonical texts, such as in shangtong of the Mozi, in hetong of the Guanzi, and in datong of the Liji. This article aims to present nuanced relations between harmony, he, and tong, and proposes tong as another viable option to express harmony, thereby correcting the imbalance that the predominant scholarships recognize he and neglect tong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite long-standing evidence linking higher unemployment rates to increased suicide rates, a puzzling trend emerged in the United States after the Great Recession: suicide rates continued to rise even as unemployment rates declined. Drawing on theories of social networks and reference groups, we advance the concept of "sameness"—in this case, the extent to which an individual's employment status aligns with the fate of others in one's community—to clarify how unemployment rates influence suicide. Constructing a multilevel dataset of U.S. suicide deaths from 2005 to 2017, we find that while unemployed individuals face a higher risk of suicide compared to the employed, this gap diminishes in communities with high local unemployment rates. Moreover, the "sameness" effect extends beyond geographic contexts to temporal ones, as national unemployment spikes reduce suicide risk among the unemployed and diminish the importance of local sameness. Together, these findings suggest a mechanism of "situational awareness," whereby local and national economic contexts shape the meaning of unemployment, shifting its interpretation from personal failure to system failure and reducing its stigma. Our article offers a novel framework for examining the effects of cross-level interactions in suicide research, highlighting the crucial role of culture as deeply intertwined with social network mechanisms in shaping contextual influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates when and how university students in first-semester introductory calculus interpret multiple representations of the same function. Specifically, it focuses on three tasks. The first task has students give their definitions of 'function sameness', the results of which suggests that many students understand a function as being determined by more than its points. The second has them assess the derivative of a piecewise-defined representation of a typical polynomial function, the results of which suggest that students see a piecewise function as two separate functions with the conditions as instructions. The third involves an instance of the fundamental theorem of calculus, the results of which suggest that students view (what we see as) the same function as two different functions. Taken together, these results suggest that many students see two functions where we as mathematicians see only one. In particular, students see various features of a function's analytic and graphical representations as being essential to the function's identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this introductory article of the special issue 'Experiencing communality and togetherness at work: Phenomenologies of a shared existence', we suggest exploring the issue of sameness and differences at stake in collective activity. In a post-pandemic world of work, a weak sense of co-presence is fostered by hyper-individualization, fragmentation, liquidity, geo-political tensions and a widespread distrust of social institutions. In this context, communality is less than ever a given. In this context, we ask the following question: How can we experience communality together in collective activity while acknowledging our often profound differences? This essay and special issue address this question by investigating how sameness can be experienced in and through difference. Specifically, we do so by focusing on commons and the process of communalization as it has been explored in Management and Organization Studies. We propose a typology in which we specify four perspectives shedding light on four experiences of communality in collective activity through and beyond differences. This typology offers a lens to present the articles selected for this special issue, as well as generating implications for research and education in Management and Organization Studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of A+Arch Design International Journal of Architecture & Design is the property of A+Arch Design International Journal of Architecture & Design and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teriparatide is an anabolic peptide drug indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis. Recombinant teriparatide was first approved in 2002 and has since been followed by patent-free alternatives under biosimilar or hybrid regulatory application. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the essential similarity between synthetic teriparatide BGW and the reference medicinal product (RMP), and thus to ensure the development of the first generic teriparatide drug. Hence, an extensive side-by-side comparative exercise, focusing on structural and biological activity, was performed using a wide range of state-of-the-art orthogonal methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ion mobility–mass spectrometry (IM–MS), UV, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) demonstrated the structural similarity between teriparatide BGW and the RMP. Comparative cell-based bioassays showed that the synthetic and recombinant peptides have identical behaviors. Teriparatide BGW, as a generic drug, provides an available treatment option for patients with osteoporosis and offers clinical benefits identical to those provided by the RMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Günümüzün en çarpıcı sosyo-patolojik hadiselerinden biri olan göçmen problemi, daha ziyade politik konular bağlamında gündeme gelmektedir. Söz konusu tartışmalar, yerel ve politik çıkarlar çerçevesinde sürerken politik hesapların ardına gizlenen şey, göçmenin trajik konumudur. Politik tartışmalarla gündeme gelen göçmen, sosyal ilişkiler noktasında son derece olumsuz bir imaja bürünür. “Biz” aynılığının bir pürüzü olarak “Öteki” veya yerel kültürle uyumsuz bir öğenin ifadesi olan göçmen, “Ben”in alanından ötekiliğe itilirken sosyal düzlemde kamusallığı dönüştürmeye zorlayan bir tehdit unsuru olarak değerlendirilir. Politikanın çıkara dayalı belirleyici gücü her ne kadar probleme dair yeteri beşerî sağduyunun oluşumuna olumsuz etkileri olsa da felsefi literatürde Immanuel Kant, Hannah Arendt, Emmanuel Lévinas temelinde yoğun bir tartışma söz konusudur. Söz konusu düşünürlerin ortaya koyduğu düşünceleri göçmenlikle ilişkilendirme bağlamında ortaya konulan çalışmalardan farklı olarak çalışmamız; konuya dair temel düşünürler, görüşler ve ilgili görüşlerin temel dinamiklerini ortaya koymayı hedeflemiş, ilgili literatürün ana hatlarıyla ortaya konulmasına özen gösterilmiştir. Göçmenlik ve “Öteki”lik vurgusuna dair temel literatürün dinamiklerinden biri olarak öne çıkan Levinas, kendi zamanının politik krizlerinin nedeni olarak etik ilişkileri öncelemeyen Batı düşüncesine işaret etmiştir. Levinas’cı düşüncede Aynının “Başkası” karşısında yaşayacağı muhtemel politik, etik ve hukuki gerilim, ontolojiyi önceleyen düşünce geleneğinden farklı değerlendirmelere yol açar. Başkayı aynılığın alternatif bir alanı olduğu Levinas düşüncesinde Başkalığın aşkınlık boyutu ise “Öteki”ler karşısında konumunu aynılıktan ziyade “Öteki”deki başkalığın keşfiyle veya gerilimiyle Ben’i narsizimden çıkarma fonksiyonuna sahiptir. Aşkın Başkalığın şahsında teşekkül ettiği “Öteki”, “Ben”de koşulsuz konukseverlik eylemine yol açacağı kanaati söz konusudur. Levinas’ın gündem edindiği sorunların Arendt’in de tartıştığı görülür. Levinas’ta ifadesini bulduğu üzere etik bir ilişkiden ziyade politik bir ontolojik kavrayışla tezahür eden “Ötekilik” bağlamına Arendt’in eleştirileri söz konusudur. Böylelikle politik alanda Öteki’ye yer vermeyen hukuki yapının sorgulanması mümkün hale getirilirken politik söylem için “Öteki”nin önemi de açığa çıkmış olur. Bu noktada Kant’ta rastladığımız yabancı hakkı bağlamında koşullu konukseverlikle gündeme gelir. Ancak Levinas’ın koşulsuz konukseverliğinin pratik sorunlar barındırdığını ifade edecek olan Derrida, Kant’ın koşullu konukseverliğini de sorunlu bulmuştur. Öteki’ye karşı konuksevmezlik, günümüzde dijital ağlarda daha da zorlaşır. Konukseverlik düşüncesi bağlamında etik-politik bir düşünce zeminine kavuşması umulan zamanımızın Öteki’si olarak göçmen, mevcut literatürde geliştirilen konukseverlik düşüncesini yeniden tartışmayı sağlarken göçmenin felsefi kavrayışı hususunda düşünceler üretmeye ve bir göçmenlik felsefesi oluşturmanın önemine çağrı olmayı amaçlar.

Abstract The October 2022 draft United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance presents an option of in vitro release test (IVRT) studies as a biowaiver for topical drug products submitted in abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs). However, the product-specific guidance (PSG) for 1% clotrimazole (CLZ) topical cream does not provide an in vitro option for biowaiver and requires a clinical endpoint study to demonstrate bioequivalence (BE). Therefore, the main objective was to use IVRT to investigate pharmaceutical equivalence of several 1% CLZ topical creams from two countries — South Africa (SA) and Canada. This investigation aims at demonstrating the utility of IVRT to determine ‘sameness’ and/or differences between topical creams containing 1% CLZ and the potential of IVRT for supporting biowaivers, thereby obviating the necessity to conduct clinical endpoint studies in patients. A validated IVRT method was applied to conduct comparative IVRT runs on five generic products marketed in SA and one Canadian generic, which were compared against a relevant comparator product from their country of origin in accordance with the FDA’s acceptance criteria of 75–133.33%. All five SA-marketed generic creams showed pharmaceutical inequivalence to the SA comparator product indicating Q1/Q2/Q3 differences. Despite containing the same excipients as both comparator products, the Canadian generic showed substantially lower release rate compared to the comparator products which could be attributed to Q2/Q3 differences. The IVRT method displayed the requisite ability to assess the various 1% CLZ creams and confirmed the potential of the IVRT method to support a biowaiver for 1% CLZ topical creams. Graphical Abstract

One of the most common topics in Naqali scrolls is the similarities that exist between some fictional characters and subjects, for which several reasons can be listed. One of these reasons is the imitating of narrators and storytellers of famous folktales and characters in the construction of those similar characters and themes. The purpose of this research is to investigate the similarities of two famous characters of Naqali scrolls, namely "Rostam Yekdast" and "Farhang Divzad", which can be seen as a result of Naqali's modeling of the heroes of the adventure stories of folkloric literature. This article, which is done in a descriptive-analytical way using library sources, examines the similarities between Rostam Yakdat and Farhang Divzad in three areas of "appearance features", "actions" and "abilities" and enumerates the types for them. Is. The result of the research shows that with the entry of "official heroic literature" into "popular literature" and the formation of scrolls of Shahnameh, the face and personality of Rostam Yekdat and Farhang Divzad were formed based on the characterization of Ayaran in folk tales; so that in many cases, they are distinct and different from other Persian characters. Of course, cautiously, this hypothesis can also be put forward that due to the fact that Rostam is ahead of Farhang Divzad, her character has played a role as a "model" for the construction of Farhang Divzad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Atebe is the property of Social Sciences University of Ankara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The October 2022 draft United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance presents an option of in vitro release test (IVRT) studies as a biowaiver for topical drug products submitted in abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs). However, the product-specific guidance (PSG) for 1% clotrimazole (CLZ) topical cream does not provide an in vitro option for biowaiver and requires a clinical endpoint study to demonstrate bioequivalence (BE). Therefore, the main objective was to use IVRT to investigate pharmaceutical equivalence of several 1% CLZ topical creams from two countries — South Africa (SA) and Canada. This investigation aims at demonstrating the utility of IVRT to determine 'sameness' and/or differences between topical creams containing 1% CLZ and the potential of IVRT for supporting biowaivers, thereby obviating the necessity to conduct clinical endpoint studies in patients. A validated IVRT method was applied to conduct comparative IVRT runs on five generic products marketed in SA and one Canadian generic, which were compared against a relevant comparator product from their country of origin in accordance with the FDA's acceptance criteria of 75–133.33%. All five SA-marketed generic creams showed pharmaceutical inequivalence to the SA comparator product indicating Q1/Q2/Q3 differences. Despite containing the same excipients as both comparator products, the Canadian generic showed substantially lower release rate compared to the comparator products which could be attributed to Q2/Q3 differences. The IVRT method displayed the requisite ability to assess the various 1% CLZ creams and confirmed the potential of the IVRT method to support a biowaiver for 1% CLZ topical creams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on qualitative research involving Christian-Muslim couples in Italy, France and Belgium, the article explores the concept of mixedness by employing Finch's concept of 'displaying family' to reach two goals: how the concept of mixedness bears multiple meanings and how the narrative tool of display works in the life story approach. The analysis distinguishes three main dimensions partners deploy to articulate the concept of mixedness. These are: (1) mixedness as a stigma to reject; (2) mixedness as difference that emerges in a couple's daily life; and (3) mixedness as a resource to be valued by society. The analysis reveals how partners contest and redefine the concept of mixedness and how narratives work as a tool of family display through which partners: deny a socially ascribed negative definition of their family, narratively articulate the activity of 'doing family' on a daily basis and (re)signify a contested definition of family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Canadian Association for Curriculum Studies is the property of Journal of the Canadian Association for Curriculum Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Social and relational dynamics in a choir singing setting are essential to explore. Knowledge is needed concerning the components of helping relationships and the characteristics of helping professionals. Aim: To explore agency and mental health potentials in choir singing. Method: The study involved open-ended interviews and applied Paul Ricoeur's phenomenological--hermeneutic theory of interpretation. COREQ was followed. Findings: Two themes -- Like You and Me and My Buddy and Me. Singers and professionals shared sensations of vulnerability. Seemingly, small everyday occurrences are found to constitute building blocks for feelings of sameness, creating grounds for identity constructive encounters. These dynamics are tacit yet potentiated by the choir leader 'going beyond the professional role' and being 'just like you and me'. A 'Buddy system' supports ground for building agency promoting feelings of inclusiveness and belonging. Conclusion: Small but empowering events, singers, and professionals meeting on equal footing, are vital to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leo Bersani is well known for making a case for the pleasures of sameness. But "to circulate within sameness," he notes, "we must first of all welcome [... ] lessness." This essay explores that hospitable gesture in Bersani's work, focusing on the self-abnegating practice of willing ourselves "to be less than who we are." What does it mean to be "uncontaminated by a psychology of desire" and "unaccompanied by an essentially doomed and generally anguished interrogation of the other's desire"? There can be no single answer to that ethically consequential question, which explains the jubilant restlessness of Bersani's oeuvre. The author concludes with a reading of Freud's infamous fort/da game, arguing that the child lessens his stake in a magisterial and anxious identity so as to extend himself, or parts of himself, joyfully and impersonally, into the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Index: Revista de Arte Contemporaneo is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: The traditional view of cognition is that it is something that differentiates humans from other species. There is growing evidence, however, that if one "asks" other animals appropriately, they often show evidence that they too are capable of cognitive processes thought to be unique to humans. Furthermore, several behaviors thought to involve complex human cognition that are presumed to be culturally learned can be shown to occur in other species as well. Results such as these suggest that simpler processes are likely to be involved. Together, these lines of research demonstrate that the cognitive distinctions that have been made between humans and other animals may be greatly exaggerated. The present review focuses on several cognitive phenomena that can be demonstrated in animals. The review focuses primarily on pigeons (because they are not thought to be especially cognitive compared to primates) out of convenience, because they are a highly visual species. A better understanding of the similarities between humans and other animals should help foster improved treatment of nonhuman species, as well as, in some cases, improved treatment of disordered human behavior. The field of comparative cognition represents the interface between the cognitive behavior of humans and other animals. In some cases, research demonstrates that other animals are capable of showing similar cognitive processes. In other cases, when animals show behavior thought to be culturally determined in humans, it suggests that simpler processes may be involved. This review examines research primarily with pigeons (out of convenience because of their visual ability). I start with the concept of sameness and follow with the concept of stimulus equivalence, the building blocks of human language. This is followed by research on directed forgetting, the cognitive ability to maintain or forget information. A hallmark of cognition is transitive inference performance (if A < B, and B < C, the understanding that A < C), but the variety of species that show this ability suggests that there may be simpler accounts of this behavior. Similarly, experiments that demonstrate a form of cognitive dissonance in animals suggest that dissonance may not be necessary to explain this biased behavior. Furthermore, examples of sunk cost in pigeons suggests that the human need to continue working on a failing project may also have a biological basis. Finally, pigeons show a preference for a suboptimal choice that is similar to unskilled human gambling, a finding that may clarify why humans are so prone to engage in this typically losing activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nordic Journal of Pedagogy & Critique / Nordisk Tidsskrift for Pedagogikk & Kritikk is the property of Cappelen Damm Akademisk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reports on perceptions of audiencing – the active roles of witnessing and validating involving physical expressivity – raised by a selection of foreign musicians in relation to their experiences of performing rock and related genres in China. It highlights the connections between embodied dimensions of face-to-face musical experiences and the lenses of national difference and sameness bound up in debates over the colonial implications of "intercultural" musical encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban-domestic boundaries mediate social relations and encounters between the private and public spheres. Recent literature stresses that such boundaries are fluid rather than fixed and that, despite the physical layers that divide domestic space from urban space, domestication can occur everywhere in urban space. In this article, I build on such dynamic approaches to domestication, but by focusing on balconies, I propose redirecting the focus to the role of materiality and the built environment in domestication processes. Based on architectural-anthropological fieldwork in three Danish housing blocks, I analyze who can domesticate and leave traces where on the urban-domestic boundary and how the materiality of the built environment takes part in such domestication processes. I argue that balconies domesticate both outwards and inwards, and that battles of social identity and key Scandinavian notions of sameness are at stake in such processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding of the equal sign is associated with early algebraic competence in the elementary grades and equation-solving success in middle school. Thus, it is important to find ways to build foundational understanding of the equal sign as a relational symbol. Past work promoted a conception of the equal sign as meaning "the same as". However, recent work highlights another dimension of relational understanding—a substitutive conception, which emphasizes the idea that an expression can be substituted for another equivalent one. This work suggests a substitutive conception may support algebra performance above and beyond a sameness conception alone. In this paper, we share a subset of results from an online intervention designed to foster a relational understanding of the equal sign among fourth and fifth graders (n = 146). We compare lessons focused on a sameness conception alone and a dual sameness and substitutive conception to each other, and we compare both to a control condition. The lessons influenced students' likelihood of producing and endorsing sameness and substitutive definitions of the equal sign. However, the impact of the lessons on students' approaches to missing value equations was less clear. We discuss possible interpretations, and we argue that further research is needed to explore the roles of sameness and substitutive views of the equal sign in supporting structural approaches to algebraic equation solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"They are the same" is a phrase that teachers often hear from their students in arithmetic and algebra. But what do students mean when they say this? The present paper researches the notion of sameness within algebraic thinking in the context of generating equivalent numerical equalities. A group of Grade 6 Mexican students (10- to 12-year-olds) was presented with tasks that required transforming the given numerical equalities in such a way as to show their truth-value. The students initially indicated this by calculating and demonstrating that the total was the same on both sides. When asked not to calculate, their approaches evolved into more structural transformations involving decomposition so as to arrive at an equality with the same expression on each side. Students used the language of sameness—both visible and invisible—to describe the truth-value of their transformed expressions and equalities. The visible sameness referred to the resulting identical form of each side of the equality and the invisible sameness to the top–down equivalences that they had generated by their decomposing transformations—both types of sameness being characterized by their hidden numerical values. These findings suggest implications for transitioning to the algebraic domain of equations with their similarly hidden values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The former South African first black President's vision aimed to unite and fight racial tensions and inequalities by introducing and envisioning a South Africa for all who live in it. However, twenty-five years later, the post-apartheid South Africa is riddled with cancerous ills such as racial inequality, racism, and failure to bridge the gap between the poor and the rich. This paper will attest to the notion that the 1994 rainbow nation ideology is dead because racial inequality is still a norm, and that the implication of the negotiated settlement has preserved racial inequality and its core racist foundations. The ideology of the "rainbow nation" has failed to erode racial inequality in South Africa. It has failed to close the gap between the poor and the rich and most importantly, the "rainbow nation" ideology has shown that it was a one-sided concord dependent on whose privilege matters most and not a collective view to addressing racial inequality. Black South Africans have, therefore, continued to bear the brunt of poverty, unemployment and inequality compared to white South Africans. I argue that the "rainbow nation" has failed to address racial inequality and build the imperative ideology of sameness and togetherness. I will employ a standard method of applied analytical philosophy to perform this task, which is grounded in critical conceptual analysis and systematic rational argumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sameness is foundational to mathematics but has only recently become an area of focus in mathematics education research. In this paper, we describe characterizations of sameness generated by four student groups: discrete mathematics students, linear algebra students, abstract algebra students, and graduate students. Based on qualitative analysis of open response surveys, we compare these groups' characterizations of sameness; note the subcomponents discussed and variation within each dimension; and highlight experiences influential to students' perceptions of sameness. Findings include interpretability of sameness as a big idea, nascent development of thematic connections across courses, emphases on current course material rather than connections to prior courses for students solicited from a particular course, greater reflectiveness from the graduate student group, and abstract algebra as an impactful course. Implications include a need for thoughtful examinations of how "big ideas" develop among students and what experiences might support such development. • Graduate students made connections across and within multiple contexts. • Undergraduates mostly commented on equality or course-based sameness concepts. • Sameness influences were mostly from current courses or abstract algebra. • More research is needed on graduate students' understandings outside proof. • More research should explore snapshots of understandings at different times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggregation is among the most critical parameters affecting the pharmacological and safety profile of peptide Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). For this reason, it is of utmost importance to define the exact aggregation state of peptide drugs, particularly when the API is marketed as a ready-to-use solution. Consequently, appropriate non-destructive techniques able to replicate the peptide environment must be employed. In our work, we exploited Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation (AF4), connected to UV, dRI, fluorescence, and MALS detectors, to fully characterize the aggregation state of Liraglutide, a peptide API used for the treatment of diabetes type 2 and chronic obesity. In previous studies, Liraglutide was hypothesized to assemble into hexa-octamers in phosphate buffer, but no information on its behavior in the formulation medium was provided up to now. The method used allowed researchers to work using formulation as the mobile phase with excellent recoveries and LoQ/LoD, discerning between stable and degraded samples, and detecting, when present, aggregates up to 108 Da. The native state of Liraglutide was assessed and found to be an association into pentamers, with a non-spherical conformation. Combined to benchmark analyses, the sameness study was complete and descriptive, also giving insight on the aggregation process and covalent/non-covalent aggregate types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Humanidades is the property of Common Ground Research Networks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Identity is that part of an individual's self which derives from his knowledge of his membership of a social group (or groups), together with the value and emotional significance attached to that membership. Philosophically, identity is from the Latin word identitas meaning sameness. Leibniz gives a modern formulation of the concept of identity as the relation each thing bears only to itself and it concerns a relation, specifically, a relation that x and y stand in if, and only if they are one and the same thing or identical to each other (that is, if, and only if x=y). Locke speaks of personal identity and survival of consciousness following this understanding. The criterion for identity specifies, insofar as that is possible, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the survival of a thing. Humans are confronted with questions on identity in a world where flexibility is seen as a virtue and accelerating change pervades society. Again, "identity" is a predicate, which functions as an identifier, that is, a marker that distinguishes and differentiates one object from another object. Thus, identity in this sense focuses on the uniqueness of the concerned object. This paper critically analyzes the concept of identity within the framework of making sense of what can be called the marker for African Identity along the lines of communalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main questions that philosophy has sought to answer is Personal Identity. Philosophical, sociological, and psychological thinkers have, throughout the history, always shown great interest in the history of Personal identity question. Various human sciences have considered various aspects of this question. Since these aspects share some similarities, thinkers have been suggested that the nature of this question is philosophical. In other words, their responses that originate from various sciences show their agreement. This study presents the question of Personal identity and aims to show that this question has a hermeneutic nature. It seeks to explain the question of Personal identity, the responses that some philosophers such as John Lock have come up with, and criticisms of late philosophers of mind. From a hermeneutic perspective, the personal identity is also approached yet in brief. Ricoeur who was a thinker with hermeneutic concerns analyzes the question of identity through hermeneutic. He seeks to come up with a suitable response to this question. The present study analyzes his ideas. This aims to suggest narrative identity as a suitable background. It is done through identifying an appropriate relationship between Personal identity and narrative and through re- reading the criticisms to abstract responses to the question of Personal identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Serial homology, i.e., homology between repetitive structures in the same individual organism, is a debated concept in evolutionary developmental biology. The central question is the evolutionary interpretation of "sameness" in the context of the same body. This essay provides a synthetic analysis of the main issues involved in the debate, connecting conceptual problems with current experimental research. It is argued that a concept of serial homology that is not of the all-or-nothing kind can smooth several theoretical inconsistencies, while being more in line with what we know about evolutionary change and the way we investigate it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper focuses on foregrounding the subtle ways in which two traditional values -- love and devotion -- can be reactivated in contemporary writings in order to help engineering the reconstruction and restating of the concept of identity -- be it individual, group, or national identity. The selection of texts is meant to illustrate the importance of different narratives, actions, and attitudes in the complex equation of defining one's sense of belonging in an internationalized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyze the psycho-sociological complexity inherent in the exercise of resilience. The concept of resilience has become so popular that it is usual in academic publications, in popular self-help publications, and in everyday conversations. This monographic issue shows the variety of empirical studies of resilience in different fields. However, my contribution is fundamentally theoretical insofar as it tries to analyze the limits and possibilities of the very concept of resilience. Indeed, human society is inherently ambiguous and ambivalent. This requires a capacity for exible adaptation in which risk and uncertainty are always present. However, resilience or the ability to adapt to adverse situations is a quality that can only be adequately analyzed within the complex etiological triangle of human behavior. Resilience is an exercise in which biology, culture, and environment establish the framework that enables or frustrates its success. Resilience is a relational and ambivalent dynamic process in which people are both passive and active subjects. Overcoming adversity means ceasing to be who we were and becoming different people. Therefore, resilience calls in question the sameness approach to human beings. This complexity of resilience always requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach that accounts for human reality. The most important conclusion is that resilience is a useful concept as long as it is sufficiently rooted in a realistic anthropological model such as the one I will try to develop throughout the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]