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1. The molecular evolution of cancer associated genes in mammals

Author

Nick MacDonald, Nynke Raven, Wendy Diep, Samantha Evans, Senuri Pannipitiya, Georgina Bramwell, Caitlin Vanbeek, Frédéric Thomas, Tracey Russell, Antoine M. Dujon, Marina Telonis-Scott, and Beata Ujvari

Subjects
Cancer susceptibility, Comparative genomics, Mammals, Bioinformatics, Evolution, HyPhy, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Cancer is a disease that many multicellular organisms have faced for millions of years, and species have evolved various tumour suppression mechanisms to control oncogenesis. Although cancer occurs across the tree of life, cancer related mortality risks vary across mammalian orders, with Carnivorans particularly affected. Evolutionary theory predicts different selection pressures on genes associated with cancer progression and suppression, including oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes and immune genes. Therefore, we investigated the evolutionary history of cancer associated gene sequences across 384 mammalian taxa, to detect signatures of selection across categories of oncogenes (GRB2, FGL2 and CDC42), tumour suppressors (LITAF, Casp8 and BRCA2) and immune genes (IL2, CD274 and B2M). This approach allowed us to conduct a fine scale analysis of gene wide and site-specific signatures of selection across mammalian lineages under the lens of cancer susceptibility. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that for most species the evolution of cancer associated genes follows the species’ evolution. The gene wide selection analyses revealed oncogenes being the most conserved, tumour suppressor and immune genes having similar amounts of episodic diversifying selection. Despite BRCA2’s status as a key caretaker gene, episodic diversifying selection was detected across mammals. The site-specific selection analyses revealed that the two apoptosis associated domains of the Casp8 gene of bats (Chiroptera) are under opposing forces of selection (positive and negative respectively), highlighting the importance of site-specific selection analyses to understand the evolution of highly complex gene families. Our results highlighted the need to critically assess different types of selection pressure on cancer associated genes when investigating evolutionary adaptations to cancer across the tree of life. This study provides an extensive assessment of cancer associated genes in mammals with highly representative, and substantially large sample size for a comparative genomic analysis in the field and identifies various avenues for future research into the mechanisms of cancer resistance and susceptibility in mammals.

Published
2024
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2. The Late Asymptomatic and Terminal Immunodeficiency Phases in Experimentally FIV-Infected Cats—A Long-Term Study

Author

Brian G. Murphy, Diego Castillo, Sarah Cook, Christina Eckstrand, Samantha Evans, Ellen Sparger, and Chris K. Grant

Subjects
cat, FIV, lentivirus, lymphoma, chronic renal failure, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus in the family Retroviridae that infects domestic cats resulting in an immunodeficiency disease featuring a progressive and profound decline in multiple sets of peripheral lymphocytes. Despite compelling evidence of FIV-associated immunopathology, there are conflicting data concerning the clinical effects of FIV infection on host morbidity and mortality. To explore FIV-associated immunopathogenesis and clinical disease, we experimentally inoculated a cohort of four specific pathogen-free kittens with a biological isolate of FIV clade C and continuously monitored these animals along with two uninfected control animals for more than thirteen years from the time of inoculation to the humane euthanasia endpoint. Here, we report the results obtained during the late asymptomatic and terminal phases of FIV infection in this group of experimentally FIV-infected cats.

Published
2023
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3. Novel Multicentric Hepatic Lymphoma with Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction Associated with Duodenal Perforation in a Cat

Author

Isabella Hildebrandt, Adam Rudinsky, Valerie Parker, Jenessa Winston, Alexandra Wood, Samantha Evans, and James Howard

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

An 11-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for evaluation due to clinical deterioration and potential extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EHBO). Further investigations confirmed EHBO and revealed severe and previously unreported comorbidities. On initial examination, the cat was markedly icteric with a poor body condition score and severe muscle wasting. Serum chemistry and complete blood count showed evidence of cholestasis and anemia. Primary diagnostics and therapeutics targeted these abnormalities. Abdominal ultrasound revealed peritoneal effusion, multifocal mixed echogenic hepatic and splenic foci, small intestinal thickening, cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, and common bile duct and pancreatic duct dilation with evidence of obstruction. Peritoneal effusion cytology confirmed septic peritonitis. Hepatic and splenic cytology was consistent with lymphoma. Based on these results, euthanasia was elected by the owners of the animal. Necropsy confirmed the ultrasound diagnoses, septic peritoneal effusion associated with a duodenal perforation, multiorgan lymphoma, and common bile duct carcinoma. Flow cytometry classified the lymphoma as a double-negative phenotype of T-cell lymphoma (CD3+ and CD5+, but CD4- and CD8-) present in the duodenum and liver and suspected in the spleen which has previously not been reported in cats. This case report documents a cat with EHBO caused by multiple disease processes including a novel T-cell lymphoma phenotype, biliary carcinoma, duodenal perforation and septic abdomen, and choleliths, as well as inflammatory hepatobiliary disease.

Published
2021
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4. Unlicensed GS-441524-Like Antiviral Therapy Can Be Effective for at-Home Treatment of Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Author

Sarah Jones, Wendy Novicoff, Julie Nadeau, and Samantha Evans

Subjects
FIP, GS-441524, COVID-19, black market, coronavirus, cat, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The goal of this study was to formally evaluate the administration of unlicensed, crowd-sourced antiviral GS-441524-like therapy for cats suspected to have feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a previously fatal disease. Members of a large social media support and GS-441524-like drug distribution group were surveyed via the Internet. The survey was targeted toward owners who had treated their cats for at least 12 weeks with unlicensed GS-441524-like drugs. Of the 393 analyzed surveys which met inclusion criteria, 73.7% of owners utilizing this therapy were from the United States. Only 8.7% of owners reported receiving help from their veterinarian in administering the treatment to their cat. The mean cost of treatment was USD 4920. A majority of owners (88.2%) reported noticeable improvement in clinical signs within one week of initiating therapy. At the time of the survey, 96.7% (380 cats) were alive, with 54.0% of them considered cured and another 43.3% being monitored in the 12-week observation period. A total of 12.7% of the cats suffered a relapse of clinical signs of FIP, and 3.3% of the cats died despite GS-441524-like therapy. Reported complications were mostly related to owner administration of subcutaneous injections of the acidic GS-441525-like therapy, such as vocalization, pain, struggling, and injection-site wounds. Limitations of this study include a retrospective design, bias in case selection, reliance on owner-reported data, and inability to confirm the contents of unlicensed pharmaceuticals; however, important lessons can be learned from the experiences of these owners. While unconventional, and certainly not free from medical and legal risks, unlicensed, at-home GS-441524-like therapy, according to owner reports, can apparently offer benefits in the treatment of cats suspected of FIP.

Published
2021
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5. Mucosal Immune Response to Feline Enteric Coronavirus Infection

Author

Morgan Pearson, Alora LaVoy, Samantha Evans, Allison Vilander, Craig Webb, Barbara Graham, Esther Musselman, Jonathan LeCureux, Sue VandeWoude, and Gregg A. Dean

Subjects
coronavirus, feline enteric coronavirus, mucosal immunity, feline infectious peritonitis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Feline infectious peritonitis is a devastating, fatal disease of domestic cats caused by a pathogenic mutant virus derived from the ubiquitous feline enteric coronavirus (FECV). Infection by FECV is generally subclinical, and little is known about the mucosal immune response that controls and eliminates the virus. We investigated the mucosal immune response against FECV in an endemically infected breeding colony over a seven-month period. Thirty-three cats were grouped according to FECV seropositivity and fecal virus shedding into naïve/immunologically quiescent, convalescent and actively infected groups. Blood, fecal samples and colon biopsies were collected to assess the mucosal and systemic immunologic and virologic profile. Results showed that cats with active FECV infections have strong systemic IgG and mucosal IgA responses that wane after virus clearance. Significant FECV-specific mucosal T cell IFNγ responses were not detected in any of the three groups. A shift toward an inflammatory state in the mucosa was suggested by increased IL17:FoxP3 expression. However, no histologic abnormalities were observed, and no shifts in lymphocyte subpopulation phenotype or proliferation were noted. Together, the results suggest that control of FECV is mediated by humoral mucosal and systemic responses and that perturbations in the primary reservoir organ (colon) are minimal.

Published
2019
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10. Pathology in Practice

Author

Maria, Davila, Michala, de Linde Henriksen, Doris, Wu, Samantha, Evans, A Russell, Moore, Colton, McInturff, Myra, Barrett, and Christopher, Reilly

Subjects
General Veterinary, Animals
Published
2021
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11. Struggles for distinction: Classing as discursive process in UK museum work

Author

Kate MacKenzie‐Davey, Rebecca Whiting, and Samantha Evans

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Class (computer programming), Inequality, media_common.quotation_subject, Field (Bourdieu), 05 social sciences, 050209 industrial relations, Media studies, manop, Context (language use), Cognitive reframing, Gender Studies, Work (electrical), State (polity), 0502 economics and business, Sociology, 050203 business & management, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract

This paper responds to calls from critical diversity scholars to explore class in context, arguing for a view of classing as a discursive process and adopting Bourdieu’s concept of field as a site of discursive struggle. Analysing interview, web and focus-group data, we address this in the field of UK museum work. We contextualise the field’s dynamic nature, highlighting its state of flux and explore three discourses: Distinguishing the field; Disavowing the market; and Gaining recognition through which it is constituted, and classing practiced. Discursive strategies of reinforcing, reframing and re-valorising were deployed by participants to legitimate their own and other positions in the field. We show how classing is a core process constituting an occupational field, how museum workers are entrapped by and complicit in this process and conclude with wider implications for understandings of class, classed inequality and diversity.

Published
2020
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12. Pug-get About Your Bad Week!

Author

Samantha Evans and Samantha Evans

Abstract

Meet Missy, the most lovable and relatable pug pup you'll ever encounter! Pug-get About Your Bad Week! takes young readers on an emotional rollercoaster through Missy's tumultuous week. From Moody Mondays to Somber Saturdays, every day presents a new challenge that Missy must navigate with courage, humor, and a little help from her friends.Join Missy as she learns valuable lessons about handling stress, overcoming peer pressure, and finding joy in everyday moments. This delightful tale reminds young readers that it's okay to have bad days and make mistakes. With charming illustrations and heartwarming tales, this picture book is a perfect guide for children to understand and manage their emotions, making every week a little brighter.

Published
2024

13. Presentation, management and outcomes of ileoanal pouch cancer: a single-centre experience

Author

Lisa Allison, John T. Jenkins, Omar Faiz, Roshani Patel, Alison Corr, Samantha Evans, Alexander von Roon, Anthony Antoniou, Susan K. Clark, Lillian Reza, Andrew Latchford, and Guy Worley

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General surgery, Proctocolectomy, Restorative, Gastroenterology, Cancer, Colonic Pouches, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Asymptomatic, Ulcerative colitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, Familial adenomatous polyposis, Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, Crohn Disease, medicine, Humans, Colitis, Ulcerative, Pouch, medicine.symptom, business, Chemoradiotherapy, Cancer staging, Aged
Abstract

Aim This study aimed to determine the clinical presentation, management and outcomes for patients with ileoanal pouch cancer. Method Patients who were diagnosed with ileoanal pouch cancer were identified from our polyposis registry (1978 - 2019) and operative and referral records (2006 - 2019). Details of presentation, endoscopic surveillance, cancer staging and management were retrieved from hospital records. Results Eighteen patients were identified (12 with ulcerative colitis (UC), one with Crohn's disease, three with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), two with dual diagnosis of FAP and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)). The median time from pouch formation to cancer diagnosis was 16.5 years (range 5 to 34 years) and the median age of the patient at pouch cancer diagnosis was 54 years (range 35 to 71 years). Eleven of the 18 patients were undergoing surveillance. Four of five FAP patients developed pouch cancer whilst on surveillance. Eight patients were asymptomatic at the time of pouch cancer diagnosis. Two patients had complete clinical response following chemoradiotherapy. Fourteen patients underwent pouch excision surgery (eight with exenteration). Median survival was 54 months, however only eight patients had outcomes available beyond 24 months follow-up. Conclusions Pouch cancer can occur in patients despite routine surveillance and without symptoms, and survival is poor. Centralisation of 'high-risk' patients who require surveillance is recommended and low threshold for referral to centres that can provide expert investigation and management is advised.

Published
2021

15. What are the consequences of a managerial approach to union renewal for union behaviour? A case study of USDAW

Author

Amanda Pyman, Iona Byford, and Samantha Evans

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, union strategy, media_common.quotation_subject, Human Resources, Context (language use), Strategic Choice Theory, 0502 economics and business, Agency (sociology), Trade union, performance management, Sociology, media_common, business.industry, 05 social sciences, 050209 industrial relations, strategic choice, Public relations, Democracy, Managerialism, Conceptual framework, trade unions, Political economy, Industrial relations, HD28, Bureaucracy, union renewal, business, 050203 business & management, managerialism
Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the consequences of a managerial approach to renewal for a union’s behaviour by analysing the UK’s fourth largest trade union – The Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW). Design/methodology/approach The findings draw on in-depth semi-structured interviews with union officials. Findings The research findings show the significance of a managerialist approach to UDSAW’s renewal strategy and its correlation with existing renewal strategies of organising and partnership. However, this approach was not immune to context, with tensions between agency and articulation challenging the basic concept of managerialism and influencing union behaviour. Research limitations/implications The data were collected from a single case with a small sample size. Practical implications The authors’ findings suggest that tensions between bureaucracy and democracy will mediate the extent to which managerialist approaches can be used within unions adding support to the strategic choice theory and underlying arguments that unions can influence their fortune. However, institutional and external pressures could see managerialism becoming more prevalent, with oligarchic and bureaucratic forces prevailing, which could be particularly applicable to unions operating in challenging contexts, such as USDAW. The managerialisation of unions has consequences for union officers; with officers facing increasing pressure in their roles to behave as managers with attendant implications for role conflict, identity and motivation. Social implications If managerialism is becoming more prevalent with unions, with oligarchic and bureaucratic forces prevailing, this has potentially wider societal implications, whereby collectivism and worker-led democracy could become scarcer within unions and the workplace, thus irretrievably altering the nature of the employment relationship. Originality/value This paper brings together disparate themes in the literature to propose a conceptual framework of three key elements of managerialism: centralised strategies; performance management and the managerialisation of union roles. The authors’ findings demonstrate how there is scope for unions to adopt a hybrid approach to renewal, and to draw upon their internal resources, processes and techniques to implement change, including behavioural change. Consequently, theories and empirical studies of union renewal need to better reflect the complexities of approaches that unions are now adopting and further explore these models within the agency and articulation principles that underpin the nature of unions.

Published
2017
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16. Beyond alphabet soup: helping college health professionals understand sexual fluidity

Author

Andrea Drott, Sara B. Oswalt, and Samantha Evans

Subjects
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, College health, Universities, Student Health Services, Health Personnel, Sexual Behavior, education, Human sexuality, Sexual fluidity, 03 medical and health sciences, Terminology as Topic, Transgender, Humans, Students, Sexual identity, 030505 public health, 05 social sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Gender Identity, 050903 gender studies, Well-being, Sexual orientation, 0509 other social sciences, Lesbian, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Social psychology
Abstract

Many college students today are no longer using the terms straight, gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender to self-identify their sexual orientation or gender identity. This commentary explores research related to fluidity of sexual identities, emerging sexual identities used by college students, and how these identities interact with the health and well-being of the student. Additionally, the authors discuss strategies to help college health professionals provide a sensitive environment and clinical experience for students whose sexual identity is fluid.

Published
2016
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17. The Role of the Ileoanal Pouch Nurse Practitioner

Author

Zarah Perry-Woodford and Samantha Evans

Subjects
business.industry, Proctocolectomy, Nurse practitioners, medicine.medical_treatment, Ileal Pouch Anal Anastomosis, Quality of life (healthcare), Nursing, Medicine, sense organs, Pouch, Ileoanal pouch, business, Altered bowel function, Temporary ileostomy
Abstract

This chapter aims to illustrate the holistic approach undertaken by the pouch nurse practitioner (PNP) when imparting information, in order for patients to understand both the anatomical and psychological changes involved following restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) with ileal pouch anal anastomosis. The PNP is an advocate, mediating between the medical and surgical teams and is in an ideal position to assist in managing patient expectations of living with an ileoanal pouch. Advanced nursing skills are essential in supporting the patient to cope with a temporary ileostomy, altered bowel function and potential complications, in order to improve overall quality of life for those contemplating RPC.

Published
2018
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18. Cancelled operations: a 7-day cohort study of planned adult inpatient surgery in 245 UK National Health Service hospitals

Author

Jennifer Morrish, Emily J Robson, Georgina Ashfield, Karuna Kotur, Jashmin Maria, Charlotte Downes, Shweta Patro, Mark Scrutton, George Gladstone, Andy Burton, Paula Mulligan, Wei Lin Allen, Michael McCusker, Dee Leonard, James Edwards, Sarah Dolling, Katherine Pass, Hywel Garrard, Francis Young, Paul Edgar, Elaine Matthews, Douglas Findlay, Helen Whittle, Aillison MacLean, Chris Levett, Claire-Marie Agius, Kim Porter, Nurse Charlotte White, Bridget Campbell, Gemma Scotland, Patrick Haywood, Liz Shenton, Tom Hatton, Laura McAffrey, Jane Hunt, Jaime Carungcong, Sara Owen, Fiona Christie, Lesley Milne, Liza Tharakan, Ruth Smith, Henry Nash, Timothy Gould, Jodie Fitzgerald, Wael Zghaibe, Mark Gaskell, Dushyanthi Jayasekera, Elana Owen, Kinga Dwornik, Amr Ali, Donna Cotterill, Martyn Cain, Peter Wicks, Daniel West, Catriona Walker, Rebecca Lee, Amanda Isaac, Naresh Rajasekar, Sally Collins, Laura Hammon, Tim Hendra, Yemi Adelaja, Mike Pollard, Ellen L. Brown, Matt Clayton, Rachel Bown, Sally Moore, Keyury Desai, Tony Kinsey, Charlotte Dunn, Li Lian Loh, Emelia Passaro, Timothy Faccini, Stephen Linter, Sumant Shanbhag, David Lee, David Restall, Angela Cook, Simon Ripoll, Rachael Bird, Vicky Murray, Alex Wollaston, Daniel Yarwood, Sonia Bhangu, Sahar Biuk, Jenny Ferry, Alexander Michael Stewart, Ceri Lynch, Lucy Sheppard, Denise Webster, Jamie Allen, Merle Cohen, James Hanison, Shilpa Rawat, Prabhakaran Premraj, Gamunu Ratnayake, Clare Bird, Lorna Filby, Clare Allcock, Babak Sedghi, Celly Weegenaar, Dawn Collier, Sreekanth Rayalu Uppugonduri, Amanda Whileman, Su Ying Ong, Jack Carmichael, Victoria O'Loughlin, Barbara Linklater-Jones, Maria Lackmann, Vitul Manhas, Albert Brennan, Alasdair Waite, Andrew Smallwood, Salvatore Bruni, Catriona Barr, Thomas Murphy, Gemma Hudson, Khalid Hasan, Alison J. Campbell, Radu Chiravasuta, Charlotte Maden, Roddy Chapman, Jon Clark, Nauman Iftikhar, Sarah Hagyard, Denis O'Leary, Steven Forde, Joanne Webb, Ryan W Haines, Andrea Galloway, Richard Siviter, Heidi Lightfoot, Hew D.T. Torrance, Christopher Smith, Hollie Robinson-Perrie, Josh Wall, Carina Cruz, Andrew Song, Stephen T. Webb, Nurse Sara-Beth Sutherland, Carol-Ann Woolley, Susan Martin, S.L.M. Walker, George Koshy, Renee Ford, Mona Mubarak, Robert Stuart, Keshava Reddy Burijinti Chenna, Rizana Ghafoor, Katie Hanlon, Fiona Faulds, Hiba Khaled, Richard Jones, Karin Duckett, Cathryn Matthews, Charles Chan, Sanjeewa Ranaweera, Nurse Rebecca Hinch, Richard Shawyer, Jo Cudlip, Marion Ashe, Steve Harris, Ravi K. Alagar, Jonathan Hetherington, Sara Churchill, Yolanda Baird, Maria Tritean, Gabriela Wong, Dermot Moloney, Lee Tbaily, Jonathan Finnity, Norbert Bokor, Peter Indoe, Lucy Stelfox, Simon Marcus, Bryony Burrill, Ellie Roderick, Carina Lilley, Alex Yusaf, Lucy Corbett, Esther Neilly, Christine Ryan, Amon Wijunamai, Katie Atterbury, Abigail Clarke, Josh Patch, Otto Mohr, Ronan Mukherjee, Asokan Krishnaier, Chen Yun-Han, Prasan Panagoda, Polly Rice, Katherine Jones, James Hudson, Sophie Uren, Peter Sutton, Evangelia Poimenidi, Tracy Marsden, Veronica Barnes, Alice Drysdale, Tara Lawrence, Lisa Sharpe, John G. Francis, N. M. Wharton, Claire Kurasz, Marina Iaverdino, Caradog Thomas, Emma Gold, Raj McNab, Tom E.F. Abbott, Claire Dowse, Jane Hamilton, Tony Sutherland, Robert P. Jones, Peter Alston, Daniel Haslam, Philippa Marshall, Bernadette Tilley, Cathleen Chabo, Adam Carpenter, Steve Cole, Nicholas Hooper, Kate Arrow, Alka Shah, Rosie Furness, Susie Chapman, Sachini Dhamaratne, Constandinos Papageorgiou, Michael Girgis, Sandra Pearson, Andrew W. Wood, Jaya Nariani, Sonia White, Christopher Godden, Mary Bellamy, Indra Chadbourn, Laura Parker, Peter Knowlden, Cat Griffiths, Jeanette Smith, David Brooks, Jonathan Smith-Williams, Elizabeth Barnes, Sunil Jamadarkhana, Andrew Feneley, Maria Croft, Tom Disney, Paramesh Kumara, Anna Warrington, Seetal Aggarwal, Zackriah Badsha, Suman Biswas, Suzanne Shuttleworth, Ben Jones, Jose Lourtie, Mark Stubbington, Asya Mussad, Patrick Johnson, Sister Amanda Cowton, James Spargo, Kelly Hard, Annette Fraine, William Weston, Farrukh Ameer, Andrew Prenter, Lisa Bacon, Sunil kumar Chaurasia, Claire Nicholas, Amy Kitching, Sneha Prasad, Catriona Ferguson, Martin P. Huntley, Claire Cameron, Hugh Cutler, Anne Harrison, Kunal Joshi, Anna Cormack, Rebecca Jones, Martin Paul, Jean Bage, Stephen Cole, Usman Razaque, Robert Lewis, David O'Callaghan, Samantha Strong, Victoria Frost, Peter Ip, Victoria Male, Mat Molyneux, Christopher Worth, Michael Brett, Megan Smith, Shayan Arshed, Timothy McMillan, Lorri James, Frances Lay, Jennifer Bennett-Britton, Patrick Colhoun, Alison Shaw, Michael Stewart, Maie Templeton, Karin Gupwell, Mujeeb Khan, Elena Stanton, Chandini Chuni, Janette Brown, Mariam Latif, Rebecca L. Wilson, Felix Fombon, Jo Novaga, Cindy Persad, Matthew Thomas, Maryna Garmash, Metod Oblak, Sarah Maher, Rahul Muddanyake, Morgan Foster, Kris Parker, Tim Sutton, Ndi Ekwere, Samuel Armanious, Mohammad Bhatti, Steve Phillips, Maria Rivero-Bosch, Nick Spittle, David Harding, Henry Hammerbeck, Rose Buckley, Jonathan Hatton, Ahmed Gilani, Ali Watts, Neeraj Bhardwaj, Lesley McShane, Simon Ridler, Martin Murphy, Vandana Goel, S Ramani Moonesinghe, Sophie Scutt, Sanniah Hussain, Hannah Donaldson, Tom Bennett, Helen Boys, David Steven Davies, Bev Hammond, Bryan Yates, Victoria Hawley, Chris Gibb, Ulrika Winstone, Keith Couper, Benedict Williams, Louise Duncan, Georgina Wilson, Anil Hormis, Emily Dana, Jens Full, Amina Chohan, Amanda Ebejer, Sian McKillop, Tomas Bakonyi, Georgina Bird, George Davies, Christina Penny, Helen Thornley, Karen Jewers, Kingsin Ang, Mishell Cunningham, Conny Blunt, Ronald Carrera, Kay Finney, Alvin Soosay, Nagaraj Rao, Jason Mann, Carol Edwards, Richard Lowe, Paul Stevens, Hilary Ashton, Rachel Codling, Rhys Davies, Muthuraj Kanakaraj, Zoe Apple, Kirsty Meats, Tammy Smith, Charmaine Beirnes, John Gardner, Peter Featherstone, Claire Williams, Rohit Mittal, Emma Shinn, Alex Moore, Michael Whitear, Hannah Rose, Paul Kelly, Megan Thomas, Matthew Gibbins, Jack Reid, Caroline Clarke, Victoria Irvine, Bhavesh Pratap, Ella Buchanan, Nurse Francesca Wright, Vatsharlan Santhirapala, Richard Gould, Dionne Dervin, Behzad Sohail, Lauren Duraman, Thecla Scully, Adnaan Qureshi, Muditha Peiris, Thomas Ratcliffe-Law, Samuel J. Clark, Ben Vowles, Sam Keable, Hoda Abou Ghoneim, Becky Morris, Aidan Hulbert, Rachael Craven, Ashish Kundu, Emma M. Casely, Maya Kommer, Tom Poulton, Greg Nussbaum, Ahmad Huda, Caroline Davis, Suzanne Gleeson, Paul Clements, Matt Willis, Isobel Amey, David J. Perry, Rachel Harford, Bianca Hulance, Kirsty Baron, Charlotte Grove, Sergio Dominguez, Susanna Richie-Mclean, John Stones, Ioana Simionescu, Khaled Razouk, Cristina Niciu, Ben Hyams, Mark Doran, Carolyn Colvin, Jonathan Rivers, Raluca Ene, Rebecca Jackson, Jonathan Edgar, Ben Robinson, Lisa Wilkinson-Guy, Aji Mathew, Christopher Patrick, Gauhar Sharih, Ismail Tariq, Andrea Kay, Joshua O'Donnell, Dafydd Watterson, Lail Zaheer, Fiona Reed, Tom Johnson, Christopher Oscier, Mirain Phillips, Edmund Gerrans, Joanna Hackney, Sally M. Dunlop, Elizabeth Willetts, Jiang Yuchen, Lizzie Ashton, Theresa Cooper, Paul W. Davies, Carly Brown, James Small, Julie Lowe, Amarjeet Patil, Filipe Helder, Joshua Cuddihy, Faisal Sheikh, Hayley Tarft, Enid Leung, Adrian Percuin, Paolo Mazzone, Rochelle Rhodes, Jane Pilsbury, Kerry Cullis, Peter Brook, Helen McNamara, Carin Swanevelder, Claire Frith, Adrian Clarke, Stuart Watson, Glenn Vetuz, Zoe Riddell, Drew Welch, Geoff Warnock, Lalani Induruwage, Paul Mallett, Elizabeth Cervi, Santinder Dalay, Supriya Antrolikar, Sinead O'Kane, Toby Hoskins, Stephen Duberley, Sophie Parcell, Jayne Sutherland, Lynn Fairless, Dave Parkinson, Matron Beryl Davis, Abigail Patrick, Jithu Jayan, Nicola Harvey, Catherine Pitman, Donata Banni, Samuel Passey, Omar Alex Pemberton, Becky Sands, Hon Sum Liu, Alexandra Mudd, Sheldon Zhang, Ange Lise John-Baptiste, Thomas Clayton, Charlotte Marriot, Tom Reevell, Nicola Mackenzie, Temitope Aiyedun, Andy Cruickshanks, Jacqueline Gunn, Alison Moss, Martyn Clark, Swetha Rambhatla, Claire Matata, Ben Cracknell, Pauline Mercer, Matthew Morgans, Catrin Williams, Shareef Madhi, Jane Montgomery, George Kohler, Yasir Hameed, Muneeba Ahmed, Glenn Saunders, Anand Kulkarni, Craig Pinner, Lauren Pearce, Vishnu Bhardwa, Judi Ramsey, Meghna Sharma, Rob Hull, Srinivasan Perumal, Julia Critchley, Stephen Hill, Bethany Fitzmaurice, Robert Crichton, Cormac O'Connor, M. Dickinson, Alison Pearce-Smith, Julie Toms, Kathleen Horan, Ammy Dodd, Rachel Crone, Graeme Finnie, Suman Shrestha, Saul Sundayi, Shamini Sivakumaran, Robert Collin, Janine Musselwhite, Yuvaraj Kummur, Mariana Bernardo, Amrinda Sayan, Gabrielle De Selincourt, Laura Bridge, Melissa Rosbergen, Philip Barclay, Garry Davenport, Daniel Murrell, Andrew Drummond, Eireann Allen, Emma Fadden, Subha Arunachalam, David Robinson, Stephanie Dukes, Catherine Jardine, Sunny Bhat, Hemantha Shiva, Amy Kerr, Henry Elms, Anam Asif, Sandra Evans, Girish Rangaswamy, Laura Thomson, Asad Javed, Jenny Shuttleworth Davies, Maren Kleine-Brueggeney, Sian Edwards, Jean-Paul Zahra, Jo simpson, Priya Verma, Bhamini Tharmalingam, Matthew Edmunds, Stephen Adshead, Hannah Luckhurst, Lara Allen, Colin Merrill, Fiona Lyle, Falguni Choksey, Mohyman El Habishi, Holly Notman, Lisa Murthen, Christiana Georgiou, Georgina Singleton, Tim Cook, Melba Knighton, Shirley Pyke, Amit Gadre, Maria Rehnstrom, Helen Hothersall, Anja Kuttler, Anita Boltres, Sarah Williams, Sarah Welch, Yamuna Madhu, Pramod Nalwaya, Alistair Coleman, Jeanie Worthington, Jasmine Samuel, Rajashekar Gowni, Karen Burt, Shamim Haque, Reynard Knoetze, Hakeem Yusuff, Tom Taylor, Val Parkinson, Sheik Pahary, Jonathan Fortune, Natalie Long, David Gilhooly, Karthick Duraisamy, Duncan Baines, Shondipon Laha, Marie Appleby, Jyothi Hosahalli, Christine Catley, Jasmine Jose, Damien Mantle, Dinkar Gowda, Permendra Singh, Ramesh Khoju, Carol Bradbury, Sarah Hazeldine, Karan Kanal, Sonal Lodhi, James Craig, Rachel Wong, Teresa Ferreira, Charis Banks, Ben Chandler, Asia Sarwar, Sivaprakash Vaitheeswaran, Sam Bews, Katie Hunter, Sohan Bisonoothan, Lauren Hunt, Melony Hayes, Nilesh Chauhan, Janet Pickett, Sharon Dealing, Jamie Plumb, Thomas Hollins, Claire Hill, Claire Hindmoor, Nicolas Hooker, Hannah Davis, Laura Mee, Elizabeth Thomas, James Self, Jenny May-Ling Cheung, Jane Varin, Manish Kakkar, Anuj Wali, Omar Siddique, Sophie Earl, Elizabeth Longdon, Alison Meadows, Shafi Ahmed, David MacPherson, Shaima Elnour, Suzi Hale, Ramez Ibrahim, Fei Long, Orlanda Allen, Alice Groves, Mohammed Wahid, Angela Stevens, Carl Ilyas, Richard Robley, Nichola Bleasby, Peter Havalda, Ursula McHugh, Judith Brade, Georgia Monantera, Stuart Younie, Brian Johnston, Jamie Brookes, Linda Park, Graeme Wilson, Mark Greasley, Lohita Nanda, Vineetha Jayakumar, Ian M. Lyons, Ayman Abdu, Paul Athanasopoulos, Justin Woods, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Diane Simpson, Georgina Williamson, Jonathan McCarter, Anil Golhar, Alicia Waite, Claire Halligan, Sarah Anne Leir, Joanne Turner, Matthew O'Meara, Claire Atkinson, Adam Yarnold, Mark Fernie, Rhiann Marie O'Shaughnessy, Jamie Elwood, Laura Harvey, Ali Atrah, Helen Terrett, Sam Scholes, Rebecca E. Saunders, Vin Vyapury, Amir Rafi, Peter Bradley, Srikant Ganesh, Zehrin Nassa, Ulf Buhmann, Laura Carrick, Natalie Rogers, Said Seifalan, Ian Ryder, Jennifer Partridge, Tim Lovell, Martin Priestley, Caroline Wrey Brown, Joanna Moore, Vidhya Nagaratnam, Saba Iqbal, Francesca Mazzola, Samantha Weller, Laura Gould, Helen Johnston, Jenny Spimpolo, Carmen Scott, Stephen J. Brett, Paul Cripps, Amit Kurani, Alexander Knight, Nirav Shah, Pushkar Patankar, Fraser Waterson, Sarah Martindale, Johannes Mellinghoff, Joanne Wootton, Sarah McCormick, Sameer Somanath, Bilal Yasin, Christopher Skeoch, Toby Jacobs, Katrina Eaton, Lynne Connell, Harry Soar, Yvonne Bramma, Tom Gately, Renjith Joseph, Anish Gupta, Lucie Hobson, Charindri Wariyapola, Maryam Zaky, Nimu Varsani, Gerhardus Van Rensberg, Jackie Evans, Rosahn Saleh, William Sutcliffe, Louise Potter, Harvey Dymond, Catherine (Katie) Patton, Andrew Selman, Stephen Traynor, Kate Tizzard, Rumyana Nyathi, Caroline Reavley, Saima Hashmi, Kerry Hughes, Isabelle Sykes, Kate Slade, Anne Troy, David Castillo, Jennifer Quinton, Anne Adams, Joanne Gresty, Stella Wright, Victoria Christenssen, Iain Mooney, Fiqry Fadhlillah, Seema Pai, Gabor Debreceni, Aleinmar Winthein, Denise Griffin, Hannah Beadle, Elisa Kam, Marie Williams, Helen Howes, Tariq Tabiner, Saxon Prentice, James Bedford, Emma Craig, Peter Standen, Stephen Petley, Janaki Pearson, Cheryl Marriott, Harry Barclay, Alexandra Matson, Michael P.W. Grocott, Alison Thorne, Joanne Humphreys, Vishal Patil, Nick Greenwood, Richard Wassall, S.K. Harris, Valpuri Luoma, Dancho Ignatov, Rebecca Fry, Anamika Sehgal, Antonio Paredes-Guerra, Manjula Yadagiri, Yuvraj Doriaswami, Benjamin O'Donovan, Adam Mounce, Stephanie Wright, Linda Webber, Tracy Hazelton, Ethan Bateson, Theresa Garrett, Chris Honstvet, John Scriven, Rahul Dimber, Phillip Lo, Jenny Stead, Catherine Plowright, Rachel Morris, Pallavbhai Desai, Nicola Johnson, Neil Muchatuta, Vijayakumar Gopal, Sherma Turner, Karina Fitzgibbon, John B. Davis, Sarah Patch, Erica Jolly, Rob Gregory, Christopher Lochrin, Geoffrey Ryder, Sam Michlig, Liana Zucco, Susan Nimmo, Jessica Whiston, Sarah Goellner, Rohan Babla, Deborah Skelton, Lucy Mcmanoman, Darcy Pearson, Diane Forrest, Sanjeev Garg, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Joel Perfitt, Danny J.N. Wong, Mike Weisz, Caroline Lowrie, Timothy Alce, Alice Michell, Charlotte Soulsby, Dominic Hayes, Arnab Mandal, Stephanie Ridgway, Angela Willberry, Alka Grover, Simran Minhas, Kerwei Tan, Sharon Jones, Sam Marcangelo, Ben Millette, Hilary Thatcher, Greg Foster, Krishna Balachandar, Megan McAtear, Richard Shellard, Chris Littler, Thunga Setty, Kavita Sasi-Kumar, Theodore Floyd, Duncan Adshead, Stephen Hickey, South Yorkshire Hospitals Audit, Amy Barker, Ewen Cameron, Dawn Trodd, Wendy Nichols, Beth Farr, Mike Salmon, Naomi Fleming, Umairali Ikram, Ben Straughan, Peter J O'Brien, Laura Purandare, Janine Thomas, Elizabeth Wood, Kate Bosworth, Stewart Mckie, Samantha Evans, Tamilselvan Rajamanickam, Srinivasan Dhileepan, Paul Hindmarch, Colin Bergin, Sange Mansoor, Lisa Armstrong, Nagendra Natarajan, Irmeet Banga, Fiona Osborne, Lynne Williams, Pieter Bothma, Jade Woolley, Joanne Finn, Bernd Oliver Rose, Shaman Jhanji, Bennur Katyayani, Gillian Robertson, Laura Bird, Pauline Fitzell, Sally Anne Smith, Serena Yen, Stuart Clelland, Thomas Urwin, Luff Delme, Rocio Ochoa Ferraro, Nurse Cheryl Padilla Harris, Asad Naqvi, Andy Cumpstey, Natalie C. Wood, Samar Al-Rawi, Pulak Padhi, Claire Botfield, Bhavesh Raithatha, Michael Briskoe, Jolyon Cohen, Ben Gibbison, John John, Stephen Washington, Jayne Foot, Karen Chadwick, Naomi Cochrane, Sophie Spencer, Alexandra Gatehouse, Susan Smolen, Aaron D'Sa, John Sturrock, Christopher P Bourdeaux, Kumud Bhandari, Neil Kellie, Elizabeth Denman, Samson Tou, Laura Kettley, Alex Eros, Stuart McLellan, Nicola Ball, Emily Kirk, Sue Smyth, Kim Gibson, Oliver Barker, Mohammad Masood, Dabeeruddeen Ahmed, Geoff Thorning, Jennifer Van Ross, Esme Elloway, Kat Rhead, Sei Nishimura, Maximiliane Kellner, Benjamin Jacobs, Sanjoy Shah, Matthew Stubbs, Faye Moore, Greg Cox, Nishita Patel, Ashok Nair, Elizabeth Hawes, A Espinosa, Kavita Wankhade, Vladimir Bashliyski, Carina Bautista, Susan Lyjko, Michelle Rowe, Nikita Whotton, Julie Temple, Inthu Kangesan, Gemma McIntosh, Samir Nazir, R. N. Kumar, Jen Warren, Alex Coombs, Marilyn Boampomaa, Kaya Jeyarajah, Heather Savill, Claudette Jones, Vinayak Vanjari, Caroline Tierney, Santhana Kannan, Jennifer Aston, Helen Melsom, Valantine Woodham, Nichola White, Niraj Barot, Paolo Perella, Mayumi Vianzon, Padmanabhan Vatsala, Claire Boynton, Alexandra Edwards, Elisa Masoni, Jayne Edwards, Julie Edwards, Thomas Garth, Amanda Skinner, Kate Blethyn, Jonathan Chambers, Katie Ramm, Rosada Jackson, Thomas Coleman, Tracey White, Emma McKenna, Kanchan Umbarje, Thomas Sheppard, Deepa Jumani, Emma Murphy, Peter Lawley, David Howe, Daisy Alston, Ania Dean, Prasun Mukerjee, Julian Hood, Mahmoud Alkholany, Sarah Goff, Gillian Rennie, Bridget Fuller, Ciara Walker, Jonathan Pipe, Alex Eeles, Wai Soon, Catherine McMillan, Martha Wrigley, Neil Brown, Peter Sandbach, Claire McCahill, Anna Wilson Charlotte Yates, Paul Sampson, Natasha Muzengi, Colum Slorach, Moyra Hynd, Arjun Ardeshna, Trish Boateng, James C. Geoghegan, Rhys Williams, Karoline Middleton, Brian Campbell, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Daniel Leslie, Sherrie Samuels, Michael Allan, Ruth Clarke, Christopher Nutt, Kirsten Reid, Hannah Smith, Surabhi Jain, Stephanie Reed, Hywel Evans, Irene Gardner, Ben Griffiths, Guy Shinner, Marek Frenkiel, Jacek Zeber, Gary Minto, Simon Parrington, Louise Harrison, Carlos Kidel, Hawa Desai, Lois Steuart, Claire Hirst, Johann Harten, Marc Slorach, Angela Christofides, Claire Macey, Helen Moore, Chantal Busby, Andrew Robertson, Leanne Milner, Catherine Chapman, Rebecca Reeves, Lawrence Wilson, Alice Aarvold, Lizzie Irvine, Narayanan Suresh, Kirsteen Brown, James Dalton, Sam Miller, Yasir Rashid, Andrew Swain, Liliana Czukowska, Natasha Permall, Carys Durie, Peter Carroll, Lauren Cooper, Prerna Mehrotra, Sarah Clayton, Martina McMonagle, Sarah Buckley, Enoch Onya, Elizabeth Perritt, Domonique Georgiou, Manjeet Save, Lauren Friedman, David W. Hewson, Katherine McAndrew, Simon Morton, James Morgan, Susan Underwood, Helen Bowyer, Avninder Chana, Lucy Sootheran, Kieron Rooney, Pooja Patel, Jessica Summers, Laura Farmer, Kiran Keshvara, Victoria Richardson, Hannah Crowther, Geejo Rappai, Adam E. Green, Sarah Willcock, Smitangshu Mukherjee, Samuel Tyrrell, Geraldine Landers, Claire McAteer, Jennifer Awolesi, Sarah Higgin, Orla O'Neill, Chrissie Chevis, Paul Winwright, Vikram Malhotra, Jonathan Ogor, Maria Muelmenstaedt, Richard Stead, Lindsay Roughley, Sara Balliston, Nevena Kalcheva, Marc Wittenberg, Adrian Taylor, Lydia Shatanda, Anjali Soodan, Angela Moon, Sarah Elgarf, Matthew Roche, Sanchita Bhatia, Clare Howcroft, Emma Butterfield, Emily Gannon, Matthew Needham, Jacqueline McCormick, Daniel Bendel, Victoria Martinson, David Hall, Richard A. Armstrong, Lara Herbert, Beverly Kilner, Kathy Dent, Victoria Thwaites, Issy Thomas, Maggie Peat, Lisa Macbeth, Alex James, Rachel Flight, Nick Black, Elizabeth Boyd, Catherine Gedling, Suzanne Body, Nadine Farrell, Samantha Clayton, Paula Hiltout, Richard Haddon, Bethany Philpott, Victoria A Burgess, John Jackson, Anita Patil, Chris Platt, Lindsey Iles, Chrissy Braybrook, Katherine Morris, Emma Karsten, Minna Meritahti, Anastasia Lynn-Smith, Dorothy Hutchinson, Rebecca Darbyshire, Joanne Riches, Astri Luoma, Andy Gibson, Dushanthi Thurairasa, Roisin Baker, Xantha Holmwood, Alda Remegoso, Trusha Mistry, Sarah Hennell, Suganthi Joachim, Stephen Harris, Sam Eggleston, Melanie Morrison, Boon Ang, Natalie Jackson, Nicola Jones, Zena Haslam, Beata Iwanicka, Laura Graham, King Dhar, Melanie Kent, Daniel Wirth, Umakanth Kempanna, Laura Troth, Robert Orme, D. Campbell, Raquel Duarte, Muzaffar Sheik, Robert Maher, Jon Bramall, Rebecca Coates, Tracey Cosier, Sarah Vest, Kajan Kamalanathan, Graeme Foggo, Amanda Mohabir, Ritoo Kapoor, Precious Basvi, Jamie McCanny, Christian Frey, Bruce Emerson, Anantharaman Venkataraman, Karen Burns, Gail Pottinger, Mohamed Elwkhiee, Farkhunda Waqas, Alison Loftus, Amanda Kirrage, Ilma Songaile, Craig Smith, Jo Mullender, Hannah McPhee, Miriam Namih, Linda Gregson, Rachel K. Walker, Iain K. Moppett, Christine Adamson, Katie Flower, Tina Stoycheva, Beena Parker, Caroline Thompson, Kootharajan Kamraj, Vignesh Ashok, Ranjit Gidda, Istvan Koczka, Sadie Perkin, Vandita Ralhan, Arun Sengottaiyans, Ruth Hodgson, Peter Valentine, David Nunn, John Hickman, Molly Waldron, Lauren Elliott, Irene Echaveznaguicni, Lisa Dunlop, Julian Sonksen, Robert Fallon, Huw Griffiths, Thoy Ruth, Olivia Clancy, Lucy Dudgeon, Alicia Rodgers, Pamela Oracki, Phoebe Syme, Maria Newton, Stuart P. D. Gill, Julie Foxton, Jane Perez, Liam Gleeson, Richard Green, Sally Beer, Rohit Juneja, Loretta Barnett, Alex Bonner, Eunice Emeakaroha, Andrew V. Bradley, Ravishankar Jakkala Saibaba, Dipali Verma, J. Joseph Kinsella, Swee Ang Tung, Anju Raina, Verity Calder, Andrea Ortu, Chris Walmsley, Suneal Sharma, Michelle Reichman, Tom Stocks, Annika Smith, Ross Cruikshank, Sharon Storton, Matyas Andorka, Abhishek Kakkar, Allison Daniels, Priya Datar, Nichola Wakeford, Sheila Black, Usman Choudhry, Stephen Hackett, Huw Wilkins, Kirtida Mukherjee, Tim Green, Rebecca Hill, Ishan Dharmarathna, Jennifer Crooks, Serah Mungai, Luisa Howlett, Niveen El-Wahab, Linda Prasad, Amy Sadler, David Sharpley, Daphne Varveris, Victoria Ashton, Rajeev Jeevananthan, Safia Begum, Helen Anderson, Katherine Nahajski, Vanessa Linnett, Laura Morland, Stephen Mowat, Nenette Abano, Kathryn James, Ian Butler, Madelaine Ocampo, D. Williams, Gabriella Frunza, Wendy Deamer, Dominic Espitalier-Noel, Sian Liddle, Jane McConniffe, Anthony E. Pickering, Lisha Aju, Catherine Morgan, Hao Ern Tan, Jemma Tate, Emma Dooks, Anna Moore, Alison Hardwick, Liam Scott, Zak Rob, Rajeev Jha, Sujesh Bansal, Lynda Connor, Seliat Sanusi, Sophie Mason, Nipun Agarwal, James Woodier, Julian Giles, Lauren Collis, Jill Brown, Natalie Constable, Nichola Cahill, Anne Cowley, Mai Wakatsuki, Kelly Mintrim, Glenn Arnold, Donna Doyle, Ryhs Millington, Richard Dobson, Monica Serrano, Saqib Naji, Walid Hammad, Jacob Osbourne-Wylde, David Rollins, Claudia Paoloni, Nathan Anderson, Rachel Ingham, Alison Whitcher, Vicky Hills, Nina Toms, Jon Witby, Amy Nash, Marcus Fletcher, Jane Gibson, Martin Warin, Katherine McDowall, William Malein, Madhurima Das, Wael Abdelrhamen, Tom Neal, Sister Jenny Ritzema, James Collins, Chandana Rao, Joyce Yeung, Nadeem Shakir, Andrea Weigert, Atideb Mitra, Hari Arunachalam, Amy Morgan, Richard J. Jackson, Julie Chadwick, Debbie Callaghan, Frank Swinton, Lorraine Lock, Rahul Wakhle, Krish Kapoor, Ryan Humphries, Sarah Beavis, John-Paul Cutts, Julie Wilson, Keith Kelly, James Gill, Angela Loughlin, Rhys Rhidian, Christopher McGovern, Tom Hickish, Rachel Campbell, James Pennington, James Tozer, Philip Coakley, Lynn Fenner, Sally Tomkins, Lester Ribeiro, Shabir Qadri, Hristina Petkova, Christina Timmons, Katy Smith, Jonathan Perry, Stephen Crotty, Tanmay Patil, Mayavan Abayalingam, Ahmed Foly, Anna Wahed, Lewys Winfield-Young, Naomi Goodwin, Mark Verlander, Clare Donovan, Milena Vannahme, David Helm, Murali Vallabhaneni, Clare Ingram, Neil Moreland, Lorraine Stephenson, Jenny Jackson, Lindsay McOwat, Sathya Visvendra, Rhiannon Jones, Sarah Bird, M. H. Nathanson, Beryl Jones, Claire Davies, Beena David, Ian Sheldrake, Jeremy Guilford, Sister Bryony Storey, Rajeev Mishra, Irina Halfacree, Kiran Rait, Sameer Ahmed, Victoria Poyntz, Pamela Birks, Tom Kennedy, Angiy Michael, Michael McEvoy, Ian Davies, James Chan, Sajjad Ahmed, Laura Sweeney, Anne Whaley, Andrew Moores, Stella Gillies, Gearoid Crosbie, Antoinette Wilson, Iain Walker, Fiona Brailsford, Virginia Solanki, Elizabeth Turnbull, Lyndon Harkett, Sarah Ramsay, Thomas Syratt, Pushpaj Gajendragadkar, Cathal Small, Joanna Poole, Annabelle Whapples, Raghavendran Krishnaiyan, Elizabeth Smee, Richard Pierson, Taslima Rabbi, Alexandra Murphy, Angela Rooney, Sarah Crawford, Peter Bamford, Stephen Worthy, Sarah Munsie, Lucy Venyo, Henry Wang, Aditya Kuravi, Dennis Barnes, Ruth Han, Benjamin Gupta, Nurse Lynn Wren, Robert Hartley, Emma Edmunds, Laura Blood, Valerie J. Page, Thomas Judd, Puvan Suppiah, Emma Jenkins, Kate Gallagher, Fionnuala Lenehen, Rashidat Adeniba, Julius Cranshaw, Julie Wollaston, Kathryn Allison, Richard Kirkdale, Samantha Griffith-Norris, Jenna Kelly, Snehasish Guha, Stefan Schraag, Joy Dearden, Elizabeth Bell, Stephen Smith, Sarah Longhurst, Elizabeth Wilby, Annaliza Sevillano, Raksha Mistry, Aalisha Mariam Karimi, Kaung Pyae, Sarang Puranik, Maggie Collingborn, Karen Cranmer, Chandrashekhar Vaidyanath, M. Chincholkar, Narendra Siddaiah, Gillian Bell, Edward Rintoul, Nicki Devooght-Johnson, Tom Lovejoy, Eleanor Roscoe, Zoe Neilson, Joanne Hill, Kamal Sharif, Sharon Meehan, Bassey Nkanang, Thomas Georgiou, Martin Goodman, Prashant Kakodkar, Rebecca Martin, Philip Roddam, Evanna McEvoy, Peter Tsim, Janakan Anandarajah, Shub Gupta, Oliver Pratt, Yang Ng, Francesca Th'ng, Linda Kent, Graham Soulsby, Danielle Kirk, Ramana Govindaraju, Rebecca McClean, Samantha Harkett, Obaid Tarin, Shalini Chinna, Susan Gallagher, Laura Gardiner, Marc Turnbull, James Briscoe, Anna McSkeane, Melanie Claridge, Gillian Fleming, Thomas Huttley, Elaine Spruce, Lianne Hufton, Susan Hendy, Adrian Barry, Jeremy Drake, Cody Allen, James Hillier, Manju Patel, C. Gray, Nasreen Iqbal, Karen Markwell, Linzi Heaton, Michelle Nicholas, Gary Lau, Laura Catchpole, Nurse Sonia Walia, Kerry Elliott, Jake Hartford-Beynon, Amee Samani, Kathryn King, José William Martínez, Skylar Paulich, Ifan Patchell, Killian McCourt, Rebekah Rodgers, Christine Wood, Richard Wan, Karan Verma, H. W. Cain, Eleonore Quinn, Lisa Richardson, Muhammad Usman Latif, Nicholas Hingley, Rajesh Gilla, Roopa McCrossan, Mayeth Recto, Russell Hedley, Lucy McClelland, Suzie Marriott, Deepak Seharawat, Gururaj Mudimadagu, Claire Jones, Michelle Yare, Sophia Henderson, Rupinder Kaur, Emily Spence, David Wright, Bhaskar Dutta, Tom Pettigrew, Vikki Atkinson, Lorna Sissons, Segun Oladele, Sue Thomas, Hani Ali, Rebecca Robson, David Buckley, Kevin Hamilton, Amanda Hall, Anaesthetic Audit, Anna Watkin, Donna Kelly, Graham White, Sarah Sanders, Henry Boyle, Joao Galente, Thomas Williams, Justin Ang, Sarah Horton, Abdelrahman Soliman, Vijay Jeganath, Kavita Upadhyaya, Plamen Stoyanov, Murray Geddes, Alan Pope, Khaled Ellisy, Thomas Walker, Emma Finlay, Penny Parsons, McDonald Mupudzi, Adam Duffen, James Goodwin, Rob Penson, Laura O'Sullivan, Vinesh Mistry, Ravindra Mallavalli, Krzysztos Guz, Deepti Bhuwanee, Eleanor Andrews, Justine Burns, Sarah Kirk, Faith Kibutu, Sam Stafford, Julia Blackburn, Joellene Mitchell, Robert Spencer, Helen Williams, Karen Riley, Gabbie Young, Tom Williams, James Wu, Emma Wheatley, Alistair Johnstone, Rachel Stoeter, Timothy Cominos, Guy Coady, Ruth Mawhinney, Sam Spinney, ruthy Arumugam, Myura Nagendram, Jason Lie, Sian Hughes, Linda Bairkdar, Peter Evans, Daniel Pygall, Graeme Brown, Susan Livingstone, Norbert Skarbit, Amit Pruthi, Zakaulla Belagodu, Ben Linton-Willoughby, Richard A Cowan, Helena Prady, Mike Raffles, Sonia Rasoli, Katherine Cullen, Jessica Lees, Peter Lax, Ashok Puttapa, Fran Millinchamp, Aneta Oborska, Benita Adams, Kathryn Newton, Mrutyunjaya Rao Rambhatla, Sunny Nayee, Madlena Ivanova Vrazhalska, Jonathan Clarke, Aariana Sohal, Siobhan King, James Bain, Jessica Wilson, Anthony Carver, Jack Davies, Lucy Connolly, Samuel Morrish, Robyn Lee, Lucia Stancombe, Satyanarayan Jakkampudi, Kath Rosedale, Philip Hopkins, Clovis Rau, Katherine Hunter, Amy Farrow, Kathleen Holding, Elizabeth Vassell, Oliver Boney, Julia Icke, Ewa Prusack, Osi Egole, Fiona Linton, Suresh Eapen, Wendy Goddard, Ayda Borjian Boroojeny, Simon J. Davies, Jackie Terry, Fiona Graham, Thomas Pratt, Hanzla Naeem, Viv Colclough, Yeng Yap, Tejuswi Patel, Susan Midgley, Mark MacGregor, Ben Marshall, Talitha Devries, Cheng Ong, Katie Molloy, Kat Walker, Katy Irwin, Abbas Majeed, Mark Pinkerton, Nicki Russell, Sibtain Anwar, Ian A Jenkins, Lucy Allen, Elaine Coulborn, Ganesh Nair, Stewart Brown, Melissa Addy, Matt Milner, Amr Hassan, Victoria Millar, Sarah Turner, Gary Baigel, Amanda Lyle, Simon Young, Kathy Malinovszky, Heather Short, Mary Newmarch, Colin McAdam, Andrew Robert Bailey, Kevin Draper, Michael Agyemang, Kieran Oglesby, Clare Mewies, Ruth Ugochukwu, Shibu Jacob, Susan O'Connell, Charlotte Topham, Xiao Zhao, Shay Willoughby, Ossian Aukland Child, Manish Torne, Ben Wetherell, Divya Veluvolu, Dominic Wu, Elizabeth Evans, Daniel Eden, Suzannah Peggler, Lucy Emmett, Romit Samanta, Ravi Parekh, Jane Hermanowski, Will Shankey-Smith, Sam Papadopoullos, Julie Camsooksai, Sara Mistry, James Wigley, Anna Todd, Bally Purewal, Natalie Baldry, Kate Wilkinson, Aalia Sange, Kirsty Baillie, Joanne Topliffe, Denise McSorland, Saheli Das, Nikki Staines, Catherine Harris, Anna-Marie Boniface, Gemma Milne, Tessa Rowlands, Leanne Quinn, Svetlana Kulikouskaya, Christopher Bull, Angus Sutherland, Mihir Desai, Hannah Goodhand, Meenal Rana, John Bugo, Maria Chazapis, Sarah Kent, Sarah Siew, Marcin Pachucki, Tim Forsyth-Jones, John McKenna, Sarah Driscoll, Laura Hunter, Penny Bedoes, Natasha Santana-Vaz, Sandra Latham, Robert Coe, Sharon Christie, Lawrence R Kidd, Katy Redington, Alastair Sawyer, Abdalla Ali, Rekha Jayapal, Manfred Staber, Emma Pearson, Stuart Reilley, Tom Bird, Kristofor Inkpin, Annette Haines, Manish Verma, Naomi Wee, Ozerah Choudhry, Daniel Tucker, Euan Campbell, Aaron Stokes, Ashley Allan, Emma Reeves, Helen Fenner, Melanie Cockroft, Tom Nicholls, Sinan Bahlool, Sharon Drake, Nalini Sethia, Lesley Jordan, Martin Northey, Paul Glyn Jones, Lara Jeanes, Emma Simpson, Julia Brown, Samantha Coetzee, James Nicholas, Adam Samways, Ritesh Ganesh, Martin Ward Platt, Mizan Khondoker, Helen Wibberley, Lauren Simmonds, Sunita Agarwal, Linda Titinchi, Fran O'Higgins, David Pritchard, Laura Beard, Yvonne Lester, Charlotte Hirst, Louise Wills, Kevin Windsor, Haren Jyothiraj, Carmela Martella, Stephanie Bell, Christopher Nwaefulu, Hemamangala Venkatesh, Camilla Stagg, Soumi Ghosh, Thomas Dawes, Jennifer Lockhart, Stavros Papadopoulos, Nanci Doyle, Gillian Whalley, Rachael Britton, James Goddin, Maggie Dawson, Carole Holder, Elaine Morsman, Rachel Lovatt, Venu Mehta, John J.B. Allen, Anna Perham, Stephanie Wallis, Dmitry Zabauski, Peter Hart, Tracy Sharp, Martin Pope, Jo Knight, Jane Wright, Nageena Hussain, Josie Snell, Thomas Knight, Philippa Hill, Nic Martins, Robin Williams, Beverley Stidolph, Beth Peers, Brian Lafferty, Alicja A'Court, Joanna Collins, Charlie Kennedy, Andy Bates, Graham Walkden, Mia Marsden, Lauren Shillito, Poonam Bopanna, Raheel Ahmed, Ada Ezihe-Ejiofor, Kate Driver, Mevan Gooneratne, Carolyn Smith, Caroline Abernethy, Kathy Shammas, Chanice Alcock, Yin Yong Choo, Mark Vertue, Ratna Makker, Victoria C. Smith, Sachin Mehta, Clare Denford, Wint Mon, Jose Miguel Sabugueiro, Liz Varghese, Mohamed Ahmed, Rebekah Chan, Alexandra Williams, Stephanie Pauling, Maria Faulkner, Ryan Wilkins, Sara Stevenson, Kathryn Simpson, Moiz Alibhai, Patricia Williams, Pascal Defeyter, Siva Sangaralingham, Lucy Evans, Shirley Cocks, Simon Dyer, William Rea, Caroline Renton, Karl Braid, Ranjit Bains, Holly Owen, Sue Brixey, Calum Taylor, Laura Coleman, Andrew Peeling, Daniel Solomon, Christopher Perman, Roisin McCallum, Helen Church, Martin Watson, Amy Bamford, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Elizabeth Turner, Owen Vale, Suneetha Ramani Moonesinghe, Preeti Mahidik, Lynsey Cubitt, Catherine Hunter, Eleanor Warwick, Sam McAleer, Suresh Singaravelu, James Hilton, Rebecca Aspinall, Icel Souleimanova, Muna Elsheikh Idris, Wei Teo, Sarah El-Sheika, Adrienne Stewart, Sadia Habib, Emily Wade, Liesl Despy, Sharmin Shohelly, Colin Williams, Louise Shaw, Shree Voralia, Dafydd Lloyd, Barbara A. Crooks, Laura D Howe, Una Gunter, Edward Hare, Louise Nimako, Ruth Young, Helen Doherty, Sock Huang Koh, Stephen Merron, Martina Coulding, Agilan Kaliappan, Clare Bolton-Hill, Jill Wain, Maria O'Callaghan, Catherine Cartmell, Nicola Pemberton, Hannah Bennett, Lynda Garcia, Riquella Abbott, Sally Jeffrey, Thomas McLoughlin, Andrew Gratrix, Christopher Harrison, Matt Mackenzie, Jayshree Gracey, Chris Moore, Benjamin Parsons, Nehal Patel, Stephanie Brooks, Catherine Riley, Jemma Gilmore, Ilya Kantsedikas, Simon Whiteley, Emily Pallister, Angie Organ, Yohinee Rajendran, Gopinath Selvraj, Priya Thorat, Ilona Schmidt, Pauline Austin, Nitin Madhukar Sadavarte, James Haddock, Alastair Duncan, Richard Bateman, Elaine Chinery, Martin Gray, Felicity Corcoran, Shanelle Tharuka Wijesuria, Bryany Bond, Charlene Otieno, Sion Lewis, Cieron Roe, Dan Freshwater-Turner, Annette Bolger, Sarah Steynberg, Louie Saclot, Charlotte Busby, Jack Roberts, Richard Dagnan, Jasna Comara, Krishnakar Melachuri, Sian Gibson, Joanne Taylor, Manju Agarwal, Mark Sheils, Matthew Bell, Rosemary Anna Lewis, Kiran Patel, Mansoor Siddiqui, Christopher J. Groves, Mini Thankachen, Sharon Turney, Viral Dalal, Pele Banugo, Andrew Baird, Euan Kerr, Simon Tomlins, Laura Osbourne, Nicola Pattison, Stuart Joy, Susan Merotra, Lorna Ryan, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Chye Siaw, Keelan Jerram, Nurse Diane Scarletta, Carole Paley, Jennie Smith, Will Gatfield, Stephen Alderson, Claire Swarbrick, Amelia van Manen, Stephan Clements, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Jake Drinkwater, John McLenachan, Lucinda Williams, Dianne Heaton, Sandor Orosz, Chloe O'Hara, Nina Barratt, Justine Elliot, Michael Gardner, Nicola Crowther, Bharati Rajdev, Linda Hall, Youssef Girgis, Michael Kinsella, Alison Potter, Matthew Martin, Rosie Reece-Anthony, Richard Pugh, Tracey Taylor, Esme Marshall, Wendy Stoker, Helen Worrell, Kay Housley, Rebecca Leslie, Helen Jewitt, Sandeep Sharma, Maire Gallagher, Jon Fenn, Jade Harrison, Hannah Watson, Natalie Morris, Lewis Schofield, Nisha Pattni, Charlotte Thomas, Eleanor Walshe, Richard Snooks, Ruth Murphy, Emily Pickford, Gnanshree Krishnamurthy, Donna McIntosh, Rachel Dolan, Emma Stoddard, Kelly Goffin, Shady Elhallous, Adrian Butler, Ildiko Nemeth, Hannah Wilson, James Sylvester, Melanie Sahni, James Wardlow, Ann Lachana, Emma Barr, Kayleigh Gilbert, Yazzim Hammoud, Peter Csabi, Maqsood Bajwa, James D Turner, Alex Hunt, Samantha Moore, Stephanie Hii, Philip Atkinson, Michelle Walter, Elizabeth Bailey, Frances Tait, Annie Newby, Jane Martin, Greg Forshaw, Bert Quartermain, Sally Humphreys, Aoife Hegarty, Caroline Bennett, Satyajeet Ghatge, Charles Prior, Kribashnie Nundlall, Priaykam Chowdhury, Jill Fitchett, Daiva Bernotaitis, Sandeep Varma, Alex Dunn, Rebecca Dooley, Mahamed Mostafa, Shelly Wood, James Humphreys, Anna Celnik, John Bailes, Mark Snazelle, Christina McCarroll, Matthew Govier, Emert White, Matthew Taylor, Alastair Rose, Brigid Hairsine, Natalie Whybro, Allen George, Robin Wilson, Filipe Vieira, Leon Cohen, Jonathan Womack, Thomas Woodward, Nimali Lochanie, Ben Howes, Joshua Nelson, Preea Gill, Gayle Clifford, Lushani Suntharanathan, Duncan Wagstaff, Steve Pryn, Lalindra Bandara, Sneh Shah, Nowfal Rahman, Iolo Roberts, Mirriam Sangombe, Shaik Subhani, Hannah Phelan, William Udall, Katy Allan, Nicola Zondo, Tim J Peters, James Roe, Catherine Addleton, Angus McKnight, James McCaul, Flora Kormendy, Anil Rao, Luke Vamplew, Andrew Rees, Jeanette Gilbert, Mandy Austin, Thomas Hunt, Sian Birch, Catherine Lloyd, Stewart D'Sylva, Jill Smith, Wendy Lum Hee, Michael Munro, Jean Denton, Julia Hindle, Alice Brown, Ursula Kirwan, Dinithi Yogya, Maria Mclaughlin, Nurse Louise Moran, Larysa Duniec, Sophie Benoliel, Gail Evans, Linda Bailey, Colin Hall, Katie Rowland, Krupali Patel, Ashwini Keshkamat, Zorba Begum, Resti Varquez, Victoria Apps, Giles Bond-Smith, Shirin Dastur, Andy Chapman, Amy Smith, Sarada Gurung, Ruth Delascasas, Nicole Issit, Pauline Sibley, Jaina Parmar, George Madden, Eveliina Nurmi, Katja van de Snepscheut-Jones, Louise Peacock, Vanja Srbljak, Kellie Allen, Andy Chamberlain, Suhail Zaidi, Andrew Boyle, Daniel Stolady, Rita Saha, Mark Clayton, Mitul Patel, Emily King, Hannah Oliver, Ewa Werpachowska, Holly Coles, John Dereix, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Clare Watkinson, David Rogerson, Laurence Inman, Jaspreet Rayet, Jenny Finch, Emma Stewart, K. E. Wilson, Emma Tyson, Asif Gani, Reni Jacob, Neil Smith, Johnny Holland, Max Richardson, Mark Chen, Richard George, Helen Laycock, Anoushka Winton, Emily Hignell, Li Fang, Emma Welfare, Rochelle Velho, Fayaz Baba, Finbar O'Sullivan, Lisa Zeidan, N. Beauchamp, Neil Rasburn, Guy Rousseau, Victoria Roberts, Hollie Bancroft, Holly Maguire, Mechele Couch-Upite, Rahul Kumar, Chandra Bhimarasetty, Matt Lovell, Sujata Anipindi, Charlotte Small, Matthew Faulds, Alex Mattin, Alice O'Donnell, James Jack, Richard Boulding, Tarek Mostafa, Rhian Bull, Corinne Pawley, Ruth Killen, Jessica Lowe, Frances Taylor, Ethel Black, Michael F. M. James, Jenny Child, Lisa Emery, Kim Hoyland, David Hay, Janet Cotta, Josephine Stewart, Sue Spearritt, Laura MacNally, Fatma Lahloub, Katie Welham, Sanjoy Bhattacharyya, Shanteela McCooty, Heena Bidd, Hugo Buckley, Ervin Shpuza, Zaid Ahmed, Emily Craven, Amanda Cook, Caroline Dixon, Tara Pauley, Tariq Azad, Helena Barcraft-Barnes, Sindy Lee, Kate Penhaligon, Bernice Dudkowsky, Karen Ellis, Laura Montague, Ching Pang, Elsie Bickmore, Veronica Marsh, Toby Winterbottom, Marta Campbell, Rhys Hughes, Issie Gardner, Elizabeth Steel, Ramai Santhirapala, Katie Sweet, Michelle Scott, John Ekpa, Bhavia Janardhana, Catriona Frankling, Julia Ottaway, Alexander Middleditch, Elna Cifre, Annabel Pearson, Amanda Cotterill, Sarah Raut, Hannah Blanshard, Sara Eddy, Garry Henry, Elizabeth Hood, Maria Loy, Matthew Campbell, Marc Gimenez, Jessica Thrush, Jeremy Henning, Vlad Kushakavsky, Nikolaos Makris, Deborah Fradkin, Karen Fan, Fiona Hammonds, Kathryn Jackson, John Hadfield, Pyda Venkatesh, David Read, Daniel Zeinali, Ryan Hynd, James Carvell, Richard McCormick, Emily Dodds, Sana Rizvi, Amelia Daniel, Dan Sellers, Thomas E. Miller, Daniel Haigh, Nicky Moss, Patrick Dill-Russell, Priya Shekar, Teresa Melody, Randeep Dhaliwal, Nigel Hollister, Andrew Burtenshaw, Adrian Wagstaff, Ben Scoones, Eduardo Osorio, Joanna Allison, Lucy Willsher, Carol McArthur, Stephan Dalchow, Elaine Winkley, Eleanor Reeves, Ben Eden Green, Andrea Ingham, Mohammad Auldin, Freda Amoakwa-Adu, Jonathan Adams, Fiona Oglesby, Charlotte Steeds, Nurse Sara Greig, Obla Suganthi, Puja Chhaniyara, Clare De'Ath, Chandrakant Gosavi, Bart Ordys, Adele Flowerdew, Doug Tunney, Rachel Alexander, Oliver Griffith, Thomas Saunders, Matthew Maton-Howarth, Gabi Metiu, Akmal Shakoor, Elizabeth Willard, Katherine Russell, Matthew Robinson, Emma O'Kane, Meera Raja, Phillippa Falkner, Kerry Colling, Natasha Joshi, Laura Pearse, Tim J. Smith, Anitha James, Mona Mohamed, Richard Kennedy, Samson Ma, Tasmeen Ghafoor, Matthew N. Davies, Henry Lewith, Samuel Mindel, Sarah-Jane Dunn, Hemangini Barot, Sadie Diamond-Fox, Jenny Macallan, Arun Menon, Helen Farrah, Emma Plunkett, Brendon Spooner, Sorana White, Katie Samuel, David Crabtree, Katherine Cheshire, Gareth Harrop, Dionne Wortley, Tim Warrener, Joanne Mullen, Peter Taysum, John Whitaker, Kathy Wilkinson, Jean Dent, Nicola Farmer, Thelma Darian, Guru Hosdurga, Phillipa Wakefield, Christopher W Horner, Julie Steen, Elena Teh, Helen Gerrish, Betty Travasso, Mhairi Jhugursing, Michelle Gardener, Alexandra Crook, Edward W. Miles, Patricia Doble, Ashok Raj, Hanna Wong, Kay Protheroe, Chiraag Talati, Banher Sandhu, Cara Marshall, Matt Holl, Julie Sheriff, Frances Forrest, Adam Mitchell, Hindusha Keerthikumar, Mohamad Mahmoud, Simon Ben-Nathan, Janice Hartley, Danielle Ormandy, Hayleigh Morris, Steven Tran, Imogen Hayes, Trudy Smith, Kirsty Duell, Jennifer Cunningham, Richard Appleton, Lucy Pippard, Debroah Beeby, Hayley Bridger, Manuel Pinto, Susan Beames, Huiqi Wang, Cain Hunter, Flora Darch, Debbie Weller, Jonathan Hulme, Jacqueline Howes, Michael Kriger, Badrinath Manikundalam, D.J.N. Wong, Tim Arnold, Belinda Wroath, Rachel McKendry, Harry Knight, Caroline Bushell, Victoria Siddons, Louise Humphries, Joanne Vere, Vinanti Cherian, Janine Birch, Kate Blyth, Tatyana Bolonenkova, Meredith Harris, Alice Sisson, Sarah Clark, Sandeep Saxena, Samira Green, Amit Ranjan, Gillian Bennett, Chris Smales, Laura Ferguson, Ash Bharti, Francisca Mautadin, Katherine Brown, Lydia Jones, Christopher Adeney, Nikkita Carden, Sanjay Behl, Sonia Sathe, Elizabeth Neale, Helen French, Charlotte Mundy, Anna Batchelor, David Morris, Nithin Roy, Evelyn Philip, P.A.-A. Marc Hastie, Andrea Cole, Edmund Quak, Claire Totten, Karen McIntosh, Fiona Davis, Søren Kudsk-Iversen, Vanessa Unsworth, Andrew McIndoe, Jeremy Bewley, Sarbpreet Sarao, Laura Wood, Elaine Walker, Egidio Da Silva, Danielle Gilmour, Richard Yardley, Zara Eagle, Vijay Ragothaman, Sean Rayappu, Moira Tait, Alex Hamilton, Chris Gillett, Adeel Majeed, John Elton, Arlo Whitehouse, Fiona Robertson, Tim Martindale, Kin So, Kathryn Dixon, Toby Shipway, Fiona Mcneela, Simon Cousins, Brian Conway, Merate Place, Phil Duggleby, Rhian Morgan, Racquel Carpio, Carina Casey, Edward Mew, Jo Han Gan, Caroline Clark, Natasha Sharma, Kay Anne Mak, Gahan Bose, Chris Ford, Ruoling Yan, Anand Sathiapillai, Panagiotis Sgardelis, Sue Redhead, Arjun Alva, Cathy Jones, Vincent Hamlyn, Gemma Squires, Karen Smallshaw, John Whitwell, Sarah Shaw, Paul Watson, Michelle Cheeseman, Kimberley Netherton, Juneenath Karattuparambil, Niyesa Ranasinghe, Jeet Patel, Rob Lyons, Gemma Bown, Helen Bromhead, Zhana Ignatova, Kudakwashe Nyangoni, Linden Baxter, Thomas Moody, Sachin Valap, Esme Sleap, Mario Fernandes, Kinga Bodo, Jane Silk, Charlie Pope, Donna Ferraioli, Chloe Billingham, Rachel Butterworth, Andrew Kelly, Lesley Hawkins, Issac Gill, Hannah Greenlee, Sue Kirby, Jessica Giles, Anna Pierson, Roxana Sandhar, Claire Smyth, Rhona Younger, Ciara Coary, Arif Qureshi, Tahir Abbas, Corinne Rimmer, James Evans, Ida Ponce, Fenner Christoper, Buzz Shephard, Sophie Tang, Lauren Milian, Joanne Hiden, Dhania Haron, Jamie Calderwood, David Freeman, Virginia McTaggart, Carla Lewis, Chai Obeysekera, Alan H. Cohen, Melvin Leong, Jenni Law, Noor Elahi, Kim Holland, Victor Maduekwe, James Garwood, Lizzie Dawson, Virginia Iqbal, Thomas J Craig, Daniel Shuttleworth, Anand Perumal, Mahmood Saad, Seema Charters, Bethany Tookey, P Gunning, Suresh Panchakshariah, I.J. Wrench, Mayur Murali, Susan McInerney, Paul Foley, Charlotte Perkins, Marie-Louise Svensson, Karen Birnie, Samantha Hagan, Emily Hetherington, Anna-Marie Love, Annette Woods, Karen Green, Steve Hillier, Hannah Conway, Rebecca Reilly, Laura Bubb, Amy Ashford, Andrew Savva, Melody MacGregor, Stephen Lord, Ahmed Hassanin, Ramdas Howard, Laura Ashton, Arihant Jain, Simon Williams, Michael Shaw, Jill Deane, Abbie Singleton, Catriona Routley, Christopher Hall, Robin Webber, Tressy Pitt-Kerby, Stuart M. White, Shannon Gawley, Nick Heseltine, Christina Lalani, Claudia Dulea, Arindam Biswas, Rebecca Harris, Aislinn Brown, Nicholas Francis, Ben Holst, Ryan Perry, Cathie Melvin, Mark Darbyshire, Stephen Mulvany, Amy Ashton, Petrus Fourie, Emma Temlett, Jason Cupitt, Vanisha Patel, Alice Trimble, Andrew Brammar, Sarah Grayland, Eleanor Pett, Tom Standley, Carly Webb, Manamohan Rangaiah, Laura Peltola, Leanne Darwin, Yvonne Grimes, Elizabeth Brodier, Scott Berwick, Adam Janeczko, Madeleine McKee, Katherine Davidson, Jan Woodward, Saurabh Mehotra, Tara Keogh, Kofi Mensah, Joyce Guy, James King, Matt Aldridge, Nicolas Price, Alaine Done, Teresa Jones, Julia Sampson, Smita Bapat, Lauren Perkins, Tamas Szelei, Ryan Kingan, Suleman Mulla, Celia Montgomery, Alex Belcher, Salma Kadiri, Bryan Singizi, Peter Chater-Lea, Jennifer Claire Taylor, Lauren Oswald, Stephanie L. Lee, Rhys Griffiths, Samuel Pestell, John Livesy, Sarah Ciechanowicz, Alexander Stephen Harrison, Richard Partridge, Alex Daniels, Beth Penhaligan, Lyndsay Bibb, Jonathan Little, Margaret Cullen, Anya Eijk, Charlotte Earnshaw, Elena Lynes, Nicholas Jenkins, Inthekab Mohammed Ali, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Vusumuzi Shabangu, Paul-Simon Whitney, Rebecca Denyer, Kathryn Potts, Andrew Ray, Jonny Guy, Mike (Stephen) Kinsella, Pearl Baker, Olga Fernandez, Julian Berry, Callum Forbes, Southcoast Peri-operative Audit, Rebecca Rice, Lisa Horner, Sally Pitts, Kirat Panesar, Joe Stevens, Timothy Molitor, Oon Chiu, Piers Murphy, Sudeshkumar Muniyappa, David George, Jonathan Veitch, Shifa Yaruk, Lynn O'Donohoe, Theresa Murray, Laura Tasker, Johanna Wales, Diane Mellers, Robert Sparrow, Olivia Ward, Emma Shacklock, Janet Middle, Sarah MacLennan, Martin Knight, Lindsay Dawson, Teodora Orasanu, Jo Fletcher, Sarah Martin, Pnt Laloë, Gregor Imrie, Harriet Pudge, Tamsin Gregory, Andrea Wood, Colin Christie, James Penketh, Mia Andrews, Nicky Ford, Ellie Fisher, Sophie Robin, Richard Stewart, Steve Williams, Harriet Gardiner, Alison Evans, Guanmei Luo, Urmila Ratnasabapathy, Ruth Joslyn, R. Sneyd, John Westwood, Naomi Cassells, Olivia Kay, Jordi Margalef, S Butler, Hari Nageswaran, Chloe Searles, Geoffrey Wright, Thomas Potter, Drew Norwood-Green, Jonathan Ramsden, Sarah Bean, Emma Sadler, Anaesthetic Trainees, Stephanie Lewis, Kevin E. Thorpe, Sarah MacLean, Paul Ogle, Mary O'Sullivan, Diane Whitehouse, Mandy Oakley, Rachel Coathup, Harisg Venkatesh, Lisa Burgess, Daniela Smith, Kimberley Plummer, Hilary Robb, Jeanette Grocott, Rebecca Mairs, Helen Gilfillan, Moira Morrison, Sharon Garner, and Tammy Towers

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, State Medicine, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, 030202 anesthesiology, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Young adult, Prospective cohort study, health care economics and organizations, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Health Facility Size, Postoperative Care, Models, Statistical, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Health services research, Operating room management, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, Confidence interval, United Kingdom, Surgery, Obstetrics, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hospital Bed Capacity, General Surgery, Female, business, Emergency Service, Hospital, human activities, Cohort study
Abstract

Background: cancellation of planned surgery impacts substantially on patients and health systems. This study describes the incidence and reasons for cancellation of inpatient surgery in the UK NHS. Methods: we conducted a prospective observational cohort study over 7 consecutive days in March 2017 in 245 NHS hospitals. Occurrences and reasons for previous surgical cancellations were recorded. Using multilevel logistic regression, we identified patient- and hospital-level factors associated with cancellation due to inadequate bed capacity. Results: we analysed data from 14 936 patients undergoing planned surgery. A total of 1499 patients (10.0%) reported previous cancellation for the same procedure; contemporaneous hospital census data indicated that 13.9% patients attending inpatient operations were cancelled on the day of surgery. Non-clinical reasons, predominantly inadequate bed capacity, accounted for a large proportion of previous cancellations. Independent risk factors for cancellation due to inadequate bed capacity included requirement for postoperative critical care [odds ratio (OR)=2.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.12–4.02; PConclusions: a significant proportion of patients presenting for surgery have experienced a previous cancellation for the same procedure. Cancer surgery is relatively protected, but bed capacity, including postoperative critical care requirements, are significant risk factors for previous cancellations.

Published
2018

19. Juggling on the line

Author

Samantha Evans

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, business.industry, Front line, Public relations, Institutional support, Management, Retail industry, Incentive, Human resource management, Industrial relations, Business, Human resources, Line management
Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the interplay between the role of front line managers (FLMs) and their contribution to the reported gap between intended and actual human resource management (HRM). Design/methodology/approach – The findings draw on case study research using 51 semi-structured interviews with managers across two UK retail organisations between 2012 and 2013. Findings – This paper argues that FLMs are key agents in people management and play a critical role in the gap between intended and actual employee relations (ER) and HRM. The research found that these managers held a high level of responsibility for people management, but experienced a lack of institutional support, monitoring or incentives to implement according to central policy. This provided an opportunity for them to modify or resist intended policy and the tensions inherent in their role were a critical factor in this manipulation of their people management responsibilities. Research limitations/implications – The data were collected from only one industry and two organisations so the conclusions need to be considered within these limitations. Practical implications – Efforts to address the gap between intended and actual ER/HRM within organisations will need to consider the role tensions of both front line and middle managers. Originality/value – This research provides a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between FLMs and the gap between intended and actual HRM within organisations. It addresses the issue of FLMs receiving less attention in the HRM-line management literature and the call to research their role in the translation of policy into practice.

Published
2015
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20. Agency theory and performance appraisal: how bad theory damages learning and contributes to bad management practice

Author

Dennis Tourish, Samantha Evans, and Tourish, D.

Subjects
Performance appraisal, business.industry, Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050209 industrial relations, Principal–agent problem, General Decision Sciences, Performative utterance, Public relations, Pessimism, Doublethink, Power (social and political), Management of Technology and Innovation, Human resource management, 0502 economics and business, Damages, HD28, Sociology, business, 050203 business & management, media_common
Abstract

Performance appraisal interviews remain central to how employees are scrutinised, rewarded and sometimes penalised by managers. But they are also often castigated as ineffective, or even harmful, to both individuals and organisations. Exploring this paradox, we highlight the influence of agency theory on the (mal)practice of performance appraisal. The performative nature of human resource management increasingly reflects an economic approach within which its practices are aligned with agency theory. Such theory assumes that actors are motivated mainly or only by economic self-interest. Close surveillance is required to eliminate the risk of shirking and other deviant behaviours. It is a pessimistic mind-set about people that undermines the supportive, co-operative and developmental rhetoric with which appraisal interviews are usually accompanied. Consequently, managers often practice appraisal interviews while holding onto two contradictory mind-sets, a state of Orwellian Doublethink that damages individual learning and organisational performance. We encourage researchers to adopt a more radical critique of appraisal practices that foregrounds issues of power, control and conflicted interests between actors beyond the analyses offered to date.

Published
2017

21. The Hang Fire Cookbook : Recipes and Adventures in American BBQ

Author

Samantha Evans, Shauna Guinn, Samantha Evans, and Shauna Guinn

Abstract

Barbecue is a serious business. And for anyone who thought barbecue was about big, bearded blokes toiling over hot coals, think again: the Hang Fire girls are the real experts. Sam and Shauna ditched their jobs and embarked on a 6-month road trip around the best barbecue joints in the southern United States. From Texas to Tallahassee, they learned the insider secrets of what makes barbecue great, were captivated by the thrill of smoke and fire, and back home in Cardiff they set out their meat manifesto in the form of Hang Fire Smokehouse. This cookbook reveals how they make their delicious recipes and the secrets behind the perfect smoke and BBQ, including stunning dishes like smoked brisket, ultimate pork'n'slaw and tailgate hot-wings. Sam and Shauna explain the basics of getting started with a home smoker and different types of wood, and what rubs, cures and brines work best with certain types of meat. Hang Fire's approach is simple: get the best ingredients, cook them low'n'slow, and tuck in.

Published
2016

22. Bibliography and further reading

Author

Samantha Evans and Charles Darwin

Subjects
Literature, business.industry, Reading (process), media_common.quotation_subject, Bibliography, Art, business, media_common
Published
2017
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25. Darwin and Women

Author

Charles Darwin and Samantha Evans

Subjects
Motif (narrative), History, Darwin (ADL), Immediacy, Selection (linguistics), Context (language use), Narrative, Variety (linguistics), Classics
Abstract

Darwin and Women focusses on Darwin's correspondence with women and on the lives of the women he knew and wrote to. It includes a large number of hitherto unpublished letters between members of Darwin's family and their friends that throw light on the lives of the women of his circle and their relationships, social and professional, with Darwin. The letters included are by turns entertaining, intriguing, and challenging, and are organised into thematic chapters, including botany and zoology as well as marriage and servants, that set them in an accessible narrative context. Darwin's famous remarks on women's intelligence in Descent of Man provide a recurring motif, and are discussed in the foreword by Gillian Beer, and in the introduction. The immediacy and variety of these texts make this an entertaining read which will suggest avenues for further research to students.

Published
2017
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28. HRM and front line managers: the influence of role stress

Author

Samantha Evans

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Knowledge management, Process (engineering), business.industry, Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050209 industrial relations, Front line, Ambiguity, Role theory, Organizational performance, Role conflict, Management, Management of Technology and Innovation, Human resource management, 0502 economics and business, Industrial relations, HD28, Business and International Management, Human resources, business, 050203 business & management, media_common
Abstract

With front line managers (FLMs) being critical in the delivery of human resource management (HRM) we would benefit from a better understanding of how and why these managers execute their human resources (HR) responsibilities in the way that they do. Without such knowledge we cannot fully identify the factors that contribute to the known gap between intended and implemented HRM and mediate the relationship between HRM and organizational performance. Yet FLMs have been largely overlooked in many studies of line management-HRM with very few employing a role-theoretic framework. To address this, interviews were conducted with FLMs in the retail industry to examine the relationship between their work role stressors and their implementation of HRM. FLMs were found to experience role overload, role conflict and role ambiguity, and in accordance with process role theory, engaged in role-making as a response. This resulted in FLMs deviating from intended HRM whereby role overload and conflict often brought about a renegotiation of the more intangible or costly HR policies, whereas role ambiguity undermined their ability to consistently and confidently implement HRM. The paper concludes by arguing that FLMs and their experiences of role stress are critical to our understanding of the gap between intended and implemented HRM.

Published
2016

29. Biographical register

Author

Frederick Burkhardt, Alison M. Pearn, and Samantha Evans

Subjects
Facial expression, Register (music), Darwin (ADL), Psychology, Genealogy, Developmental psychology
Published
2001
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31. Working in interprofessional primary health care teams: what do pharmacists do?

Author

Natalie Ward, Samantha Evans, Barbara Farrell, Naomi Dore, Robert Geneau, and Grant Russell

Subjects
Ontario, Patient Care Team, Primary Health Care, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Interprofessional Relations, education, Psychological intervention, Pharmacist, Primary health care, MEDLINE, Pharmaceutical Science, Qualitative property, Pharmacy, Pharmacists, Pharmaceutical care, Professional Role, Nursing, Perception, Health care, Medicine, Humans, business, health care economics and organizations, media_common
Abstract

Background Interprofessional teams are forming in primary health care. Little is known about how health care professional roles and routines develop in this environment. Objectives This article describes the evolving routines of pharmacists working in new interprofessional teams, their perceptions of their roles, and perceptions of other providers toward the pharmacist role. Methods Ethnographic methods were used. Qualitative data derived from practice documents, field notes from practice activity and provider-patient interaction observations, and transcripts from interviews with patients and practice staff were analyzed in an exploratory manner using a constant comparative approach and immersion/crystallization. For this article, data pertaining to the role of pharmacists comprised a case study subanalysis. Results Two typologies emerged with some pharmacists found to be (1) physician oriented: responding to physician requests for drug information and other projects, and others found to be (2) working at multiple levels of interaction: providing patient-centered care, provider education/information, and initiating system-level interventions to improve drug therapy. Conclusions Pharmacist routines and their own perception of their roles differed across interprofessional teams. Differences could be attributed to different educational background, philosophy of practice or characteristics of individual pharmacists, and also affected by leadership and communication within family health teams (FHTs). FHT leaders wanting to include a pharmacist to improve medication therapy should demonstrate leadership and vision by articulating needs and hiring a pharmacist with matching knowledge, skills, and qualities. A similar, generic approach may be useful to determine the need for and roles of any health care professional joining the team.

Published
2011

32. Examining organizational change in primary care practices: experiences from using ethnographic methods

Author

Jenny Advocat, Samantha Evans, Natalie Ward, Patricia Thille, Grant Russell, Robert Geneau, and Barbara Farrell

Subjects
Research design, Ontario, Patient Care Team, Medical education, Primary Health Care, business.industry, Perspective (graphical), MEDLINE, Qualitative property, Nursing, Research Design, Reflexivity, Health Care Reform, Ethnography, Medicine, Health care reform, business, Family Practice, Anthropology, Cultural, Qualitative Research, Qualitative research
Abstract

Background. Qualitative methods are an important part of the primary care researcher’s toolkit providing a nuanced view of the complexity in primary care reform and delivery. Ethnographic research is a comprehensive approach to qualitative data collection, including observation, in-depth interviews and document analysis. Few studies have been published outlining methodological issues related to ethnography in this setting. Objective. This paper examines some of the challenges of conducting an ethnographic study in primary care setting in Canada, where there recently have been major reforms to traditional methods of organizing primary care services. Methods. This paper is based on an ethnographic study set in primary care practices in Ontario, Canada, designed to investigate changes to organizational and clinical routines in practices undergoing transition to new, interdisciplinary Family Health Teams (FHTs). The study was set in six new FHTs in Ontario. This paper is a reflexive examination of some of the challenges encountered while conducting an ethnographic study in a primary care setting. Results. Our experiences in this study highlight some potential benefits of and difficulties in conducting an ethnographic study in family practice. Our study design gave us an opportunity to highlight the changes in routines within an organization in transition. A study with a clinical perspective requires training, support, a mixture of backgrounds and perspectives and ongoing communication. Conclusions. Despite some of the difficulties, the richness of this method has allowed the exploration of a number of additional research questions that emerged during data analysis.

Published
2011

34. Evolution

Author

Charles Darwin, David Attenborough, Frederick Burkhardt, Alison M. Pearn, and Samantha Evans

Subjects
Charles darwin, History, Index (publishing), Register (music), Prologue, Classics
Abstract

Foreword Sir David Attenborough Introduction Editor's note Symbols and abbreviations Prologue 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 Biographical register Bibliography of biographical sources Bibliographical note Acknowledgements Index.

Published
2001
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35. Evolution : Selected Letters of Charles Darwin 1860–1870

Author

Frederick Burkhardt, Alison M. Pearn, Samantha Evans, Frederick Burkhardt, Alison M. Pearn, and Samantha Evans

Subjects
Evolution (Biology), Physical sciences, Naturalists--Great Britain--Correspondence
Abstract

Charles Darwin is a towering figure in the history of science, who changed the direction of modern thought by establishing the basis of evolutionary biology. With a Foreword by Sir David Attenborough, this is a fascinating insight into Darwin's life as he first directly addressed the issues of humanity's place in nature, and the consequences of his ideas for religious belief. Incorporating previously unpublished material, this volume includes letters written by Darwin, and also those written to him by friends and scientific colleagues world-wide, by critics who tried to stamp out his ideas, and admirers who helped them to spread. They take up the story of Darwin's life in 1860, in the immediate aftermath of the publication of On the Origin of Species, and carry it through one of the most intense and productive decades of his career, to the eve of publication of Descent of Man in 1871.

Published
2008

37. 2024 Medicinal Chemistry Reviews

Author

Thomas A. Baillie, Andrew G. Capacci, Nick A. Paras, Karin Worm, James L. Carr, Mia C. Callens, Ethan Chidlow, Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas, Katherine S. England, Paul E. Brennan, Yonghong Song, Nicholas Wurtz, Kevin J. Filipski, Kentaro Futatsugi, Robert Dullea, Michelle R. Garnsey, Daniel J. Smaltz, Matthew M. Weiss, Jack A. Terrett, Huifen Chen, Marion Lanier, Samantha Evans, Gregory Williams, Joshua Wollam, Debra Brennan, Yufan Liang, Scott Mlynarski, Bing-Yan Zhu, David J. St. Jean, Trang Tieu, Angel Guzman-Perez, Alexander M. Taylor, Linjie Li, Chenxi Wang, Liuzhi Hu, Xiaowu Dong, Jinxin Che, Andrew S. Bell, James A. Brannigan, Kevin X. Rodriguez, Isaac D. Falk, Bradley T. Reid, Greta Klejborowska, Camilla Scarpellini, Caroline Lanthier, Koen Augustyns, Benjamin D. Sellers, Brian R. Hearn, Katerina Leftheris*, Jennifer X. Qiao, Abdellatif El Marrouni, Abbas Walji, Matthew A. Marx, Jill Hallin, James Christensen, Brad Fell, David W. Lin, Megan Armstrong, Jennifer Jiang, Juan del Pozo, Christiana N. Teijaro, Erika Araujo, Björn Bartels, Ian M. Be, Thomas A. Baillie, Andrew G. Capacci, Nick A. Paras, Karin Worm, James L. Carr, Mia C. Callens, Ethan Chidlow, Tryfon Zarganes-Tzitzikas, Katherine S. England, Paul E. Brennan, Yonghong Song, Nicholas Wurtz, Kevin J. Filipski, Kentaro Futatsugi, Robert Dullea, Michelle R. Garnsey, Daniel J. Smaltz, Matthew M. Weiss, Jack A. Terrett, Huifen Chen, Marion Lanier, Samantha Evans, Gregory Williams, Joshua Wollam, Debra Brennan, Yufan Liang, Scott Mlynarski, Bing-Yan Zhu, David J. St. Jean, Trang Tieu, Angel Guzman-Perez, Alexander M. Taylor, Linjie Li, Chenxi Wang, Liuzhi Hu, Xiaowu Dong, Jinxin Che, Andrew S. Bell, James A. Brannigan, Kevin X. Rodriguez, Isaac D. Falk, Bradley T. Reid, Greta Klejborowska, Camilla Scarpellini, Caroline Lanthier, Koen Augustyns, Benjamin D. Sellers, Brian R. Hearn, Katerina Leftheris*, Jennifer X. Qiao, Abdellatif El Marrouni, Abbas Walji, Matthew A. Marx, Jill Hallin, James Christensen, Brad Fell, David W. Lin, Megan Armstrong, Jennifer Jiang, Juan del Pozo, Christiana N. Teijaro, Erika Araujo, Björn Bartels, and Ian M. Be

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